1
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Waser P, Faghtmann J, Gil-Ordóñez M, Kristensen A, Svenningsen EB, Poulsen TB, Jørgensen KA. Enantioselective Synthesis of α-Quaternary Isochromanes by Oxidative Aminocatalysis and Gold Catalysis. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401354. [PMID: 38629389 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
A novel strategy that combines oxidative aminocatalysis and gold catalysis allows the preparation of chiral α-quaternary isochromanes, a motif that is prevalent in natural products and synthetic bioactive compounds. In the first step, α-branched aldehydes and propargylic alcohols are transformed into α-quaternary ethers with excellent optical purities (>90 % ee) via oxidative umpolung with DDQ and an amino acid-derived primary amine catalyst. Subsequent gold(I)-catalyzed intramolecular hydroarylation affords the isochromane products with retention of the quaternary stereocenter. A second approach explores the use of allylic alcohols as reaction partners for the oxidative coupling to furnish α-quaternary ethers with generally lower enantiopurities. Stereoretentive cyclization to isochromane products is achieved via intramolecular Friedel-Crafts type alkylation with allylic acetates as a reactive handle. A number of synthetic elaborations and a biological study on these α-quaternary isochromanes highlight the potential applicability of the presented method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Waser
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jonas Faghtmann
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Marta Gil-Ordóñez
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Anne Kristensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Esben B Svenningsen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas B Poulsen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Karl Anker Jørgensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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2
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Yang L, Liang X, Ding Y, Li X, Li X, Zeng Q. Transition Metal-Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Five- and Six-Membered Benzo O-heterocycles. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300173. [PMID: 37401804 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Enantiomerically enriched five- and six-membered benzo oxygen heterocycles are privileged architectures in functional organic molecules. Over the last several years, many effective methods have been established to access these compounds. However, comprehensive documents cover updated methodologies still in highly demand. In this review, recent transition metal catalyzed transformations lead to chiral five- and six-membered benzo oxygen heterocycles are presented. The mechanism and chirality transfer or control processes are also discussed in details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Key Laboratory of Pollution Control Chemistry and Environmental Functional Materials for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiayu Liang
- College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu, 610059, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyang Ding
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Key Laboratory of Pollution Control Chemistry and Environmental Functional Materials for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinran Li
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Key Laboratory of Pollution Control Chemistry and Environmental Functional Materials for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Key Laboratory of Pollution Control Chemistry and Environmental Functional Materials for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingle Zeng
- College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu, 610059, People's Republic of China
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3
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Muller C, Horký F, Vayer M, Golushko A, Lebœuf D, Moran J. Synthesis of functionalised isochromans: epoxides as aldehyde surrogates in hexafluoroisopropanol. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2983-2989. [PMID: 36937595 PMCID: PMC10016621 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06692k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The oxa-Pictet-Spengler reaction is arguably the most straightforward and modular way to construct the privileged isochroman motif, but its scope is largely limited to benzaldehyde derivatives and to electron-rich β-phenylethanols that lack substitution along the aliphatic chain. Here we describe a variant of this reaction starting from an epoxide, rather than an aldehyde, that greatly expands the scope and rate of the reaction (<1 h, 20 °C). Besides facilitating the initial Meinwald rearrangement, the use of hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) as a solvent expands the electrophile scope to include partners equivalent to ketones, aliphatic aldehydes, and phenylacetyl aldehydes, and the nucleophile scope to include modestly electronically deactivated and highly substituted β-phenylethanols. The products could be easily further derivatised in the same pot by subsequent ring-opening, reductions, and intra- and intermolecular Friedel-Crafts reactions, also in HFIP. Finally, owing to the high pharmacological relevance of the isochroman motif, the synthesis of drug analogues was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyprien Muller
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Filip Horký
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Marie Vayer
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Andrei Golushko
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - David Lebœuf
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Joseph Moran
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
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4
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Adili A, Webster JP, Zhao C, Mallojjala SC, Romero-Reyes MA, Ghiviriga I, Abboud KA, Vetticatt MJ, Seidel D. Mechanism of a Dually Catalyzed Enantioselective Oxa-Pictet-Spengler Reaction and the Development of a Stereodivergent Variant. ACS Catal 2023; 13:2240-2249. [PMID: 37711191 PMCID: PMC10501388 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Enantioselective oxa-Pictet-Spengler reactions of tryptophol with aldehydes proceed under weakly acidic conditions utilizing a combination of two catalysts, an indoline HCl salt and a bisthiourea compound. Mechanistic investigations revealed the roles of both catalysts and confirmed the involvement of oxocarbenium ion intermediates, ruling out alternative scenarios. A stereochemical model was derived from density functional theory calculations, which provided the basis for the development of a highly enantioselective stereodivergent variant with racemic tryptophol derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alafate Adili
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - John-Paul Webster
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Chenfei Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | | | - Moises A Romero-Reyes
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Ion Ghiviriga
- Center for NMR Spectroscopy, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Khalil A Abboud
- Center for X-ray Crystallography, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Mathew J Vetticatt
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Daniel Seidel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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5
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Häfliger J, Sokolova OO, Lenz M, Daniliuc CG, Gilmour R. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Fluorinated Isochromans via Iodine(I)/Iodine(III) Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205277. [PMID: 35536157 PMCID: PMC9401867 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The success of saturated, fluorinated heterocycles in contemporary drug discovery provides a stimulus for creative endeavor in main group catalysis. Motivated by the ubiquity of isochromans across the bioactive small molecule spectrum, the prominence of the anomeric effect in regulating conformation, and the metabolic lability of the benzylic position, iodine(I)/iodine(III) catalysis has been leveraged for the stereocontrolled generation of selectively fluorinated analogs. To augment the current arsenal of fluorocyclization reactions involving carboxylic acid derivatives, the reaction of readily accessible 2-vinyl benzaldehydes is disclosed (up to >95 : 05 d.r. and 97 : 03 e.r.). Key stereoelectronic interactions manifest themselves in the X-ray crystal structures of the products, thereby validating the [CH2 -CHF] fragment as a stereoelectronic mimic of the [O-CH(OR)] acetal motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Häfliger
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 3648149MünsterGermany
| | - Olga O. Sokolova
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 3648149MünsterGermany
| | - Madina Lenz
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 3648149MünsterGermany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 3648149MünsterGermany
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 3648149MünsterGermany
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6
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Bergstrom BD, Merrill AT, Fettinger JC, Tantillo DJ, Shaw JT. Divergent Asymmetric Synthesis of Panowamycins, TM‐135, and Veramycin F Using C−H Insertion with Donor/Donor Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203072. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D. Bergstrom
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Davis One Shields Ave. Davis CA 95161 USA
| | - Amy T. Merrill
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Davis One Shields Ave. Davis CA 95161 USA
| | - James C. Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Davis One Shields Ave. Davis CA 95161 USA
| | - Dean J. Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Davis One Shields Ave. Davis CA 95161 USA
| | - Jared T. Shaw
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Davis One Shields Ave. Davis CA 95161 USA
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7
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Häfliger J, Sokolova OO, Lenz M, Daniliuc CG, Gilmour R. Stereokontrollierte Synthese von fluorierten Isochromanen durch Iod(I)/Iod(III)‐Katalyse. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joel Häfliger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Olga O. Sokolova
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Madina Lenz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Deutschland
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8
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Divergent Asymmetric Synthesis of Panowamycins, TM‐135, and Veramycin F Using C−H Insertion with Donor/Donor Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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9
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Tamanna, Hussain Y, Sharma D, Chauhan P. Asymmetric Synthesis of Cyclohexenone-Fused Isochromans via Quinidine-Catalyzed Domino Peroxyhemiacetalization/Oxa-Michael Addition/Desymmetrization Sequence. J Org Chem 2022; 87:6397-6402. [PMID: 35438500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A highly enantio- and diastereoselective synthesis of highly functionalized isochromans was achieved through an organocatalyzed domino reaction. Quinidine as the catalyst initiates a peroxyhemiacetalization/oxa-Michael/desymmetrization domino sequence between various 2,5-cyclohexadienone-tethered aryl aldehydes with hydroperoxides to generate the single diastereomers of isochromans appended with a cyclohexenone ring bearing three vicinal stereocenters in good yields and high enantioselectivities under ambient reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamanna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jagti, NH-44, Nagrota Bypass, Jammu 181221, J&K, India
| | - Yaseen Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jagti, NH-44, Nagrota Bypass, Jammu 181221, J&K, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jagti, NH-44, Nagrota Bypass, Jammu 181221, J&K, India
| | - Pankaj Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jagti, NH-44, Nagrota Bypass, Jammu 181221, J&K, India
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10
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Belen’kii LI, Gazieva GA, Evdokimenkova YB, Soboleva NO. The literature of heterocyclic chemistry, Part XX, 2020. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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11
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Kuan TH, Kotipalli T, Chen CC, Hou DR. Addition of benzyl ethers to alkynes: a metal-free synthesis of 1 H-isochromenes. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:10390-10402. [PMID: 34825694 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01941d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bromotrimethylsilane (TMSBr)-promoted intramolecular cyclization of (o-arylethynyl)benzyl ethers to form 1H-isochromenes at room temperature is reported. Further studies indicated that vinyl carbocations are the reaction intermediates which are stabilized by the conjugated aryl groups. Thus, O-addition of benzyl ethers/tetrahydropyrans to alkynes was achieved under metal-free, acidic conditions. These reaction conditions were compatible with an alkynyl Prins reaction; therefore, 1H-isochromenes were produced directly from alkynyl benzaldehydes and alkynyl alcohols using a one-pot procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Hsuan Kuan
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, No. 300 Jhong-Da Road, Jhong-li, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Trimurtulu Kotipalli
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, No. 300 Jhong-Da Road, Jhong-li, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Chun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, No. 300 Jhong-Da Road, Jhong-li, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Duen-Ren Hou
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, No. 300 Jhong-Da Road, Jhong-li, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan.
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12
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Bera N, Samanta S, Sarkar D. Stereoselective Synthesis of Oxacycles via Ruthenium-Catalyzed Atom-Economic Coupling of Propargyl Alcohols and Michael Acceptors. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16369-16395. [PMID: 34735155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of β-hydroxyenones and its application toward development of tetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-one in an atom-economic fashion is limited. This manuscript describes a ruthenium-catalyzed atom-economic coupling of pent-2-yne-1,5-diols and Michael acceptors as an efficient route for the synthesis of β-hydroxyenones with excellent yields and high regioselectivity. The β-hydroxyenones further undergo a 6-endo trig cyclization under acid-catalyzed conditions to deliver the tetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-ones with high diastereoselectivity. An intramolecular aldol condensation under mild basic conditions and palladium-catalyzed oxidative aromatization was developed for the synthesis of hexahydro-6H-isochromen-6-ones and isochromanols, respectively, from highly substituted tetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-ones with excellent yield and diastereoselectivity. Overall, this work demonstrates the synthetic potential toward the synthesis of oxacycles like tetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-ones, hexahydro-6H-isochromen-6-ones, and isochromanols via an atom-economic catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabakumar Bera
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Rourkela769008, India
| | - Shantanu Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Rourkela769008, India
| | - Debayan Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Rourkela769008, India
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13
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Li XM, Qian ZM, He YH, Guan Z. Visible-light-mediated radical addition/cyclization tandem reaction for the synthesis of 3-bromomethyl-3,4-dihydroisocoumarins. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Zhu DX, Liu JG, Xu MH. Stereodivergent Synthesis of Enantioenriched 2,3-Disubstituted Dihydrobenzofurans via a One-Pot C-H Functionalization/Oxa-Michael Addition Cascade. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:8583-8589. [PMID: 34061536 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A one-pot rhodium-catalyzed C-H functionalization/organocatalyzed oxa-Michael addition cascade reaction has been developed. This methodology enables the stereodivergent synthesis of diverse 2,3-disubstituted dihydrobenzofurans with broad functional group compatibility in good yields with high levels of stereoselectivity under exceptionally mild conditions. The full complement of stereoisomers of chiral 2,3-disubstituted dihydrobenzofurans and 3,4-disubstituted isochromans could be accessed at will by appropriate permutations of the two chiral catalysts. The current work provides a rare example of two chiral catalysts independently controlling two contiguous stereogenic centers subsequently via a two-step reaction in a single operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Xing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Guo Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Boulevard, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Hua Xu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Boulevard, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
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15
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Roy S. Prins-Friedel-Crafts Cyclization: Synthesis of Diversely Functionalized Six- Membered Oxacycles. CURR ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272825666210114105020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Prins cyclization is a well-established synthetic protocol to generate a wide range
of important oxygen heterocycles. It is a cyclization reaction performed by an oxocarbenium
ion that undergoes an intramolecular pi-bond attack to construct a new carbon-carbon bond.
When this cyclization process is conjugated with Friedel-Crafts reaction, it further expands
the synthetic potential by fabricating two different carbon-carbon bonds in one single reaction.
Different acid catalysts mediated the coupled Prins-Friedel-Crafts reaction which is conducted
both in stepwise as well as in tandem fashion. In the stepwise route, three different
reacting components were utilized whereas, the tandem methodology required proper modification
of the initial substrate molecule. An array of allylic, propargylic, other related alkenols,
and carbonyl reactants were employed to carry out the cyclization process. Several oxygenated
heterocycles equipped with diverse functionalities were constructed in a stereoselective manner which again
reinforced the significance of this cyclization protocol undoubtedly. The present mini-review highlights the utilization
of different one-pot stepwise Prins-Friedel-Crafts reactions and the subsequent development of cascade Prins-
Friedel-Crafts cyclization process to furnish intricate molecular architectures of vital six-membered oxacycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Banwarilal Bhalotia College, Asansol-713303, West Bengal, India
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16
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Zhao Z, Kang K, Yue J, Ji X, Qiao H, Fan P, Zheng X. Research progress in biological activities of isochroman derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 210:113073. [PMID: 33310287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Isochromans are well recognized heterocyclic compounds in drug discovery which produce diverse therapeutically related applications in pharmacological practices. Medicinal chemistry investigators have synthesized drug-like isochroman candidates with multiple medicinal features including central nervous system (CNS), antioxidant, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, antitumor and anti-inflammatory agents. Simultaneously, SAR (Structure-Activity Relationship) analysis has drawn attentions among medicinal chemists, along with a great deal of derivatives have been derived for potential targets. In this article, we thoroughly summarize the biological activities and part of typical SAR for isochroman derivatives reported on existing literatures and patents, wishing to provide an overall retrospect and prospect on the isochroman analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefeng Zhao
- College of Acupuncture & Massage, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xixian New Area, Shaanxi Province, 712046, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture & Medicine, Xixian New Area, Shaanxi Province, 712046, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, PR China
| | - Kaiwen Kang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture & Medicine, Xixian New Area, Shaanxi Province, 712046, PR China
| | - Jiangxin Yue
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture & Medicine, Xixian New Area, Shaanxi Province, 712046, PR China
| | - Xiaotong Ji
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture & Medicine, Xixian New Area, Shaanxi Province, 712046, PR China
| | - Haifa Qiao
- College of Acupuncture & Massage, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xixian New Area, Shaanxi Province, 712046, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture & Medicine, Xixian New Area, Shaanxi Province, 712046, PR China.
| | - Peinan Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, PR China
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