1
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He YW, Ma WQ, Han Y, Sun J, Yan CG. Construction of Unique Spiro[dibenzo[ a, f]azulene-6,2'-indenes] via Unprecedented Annulation of ortho-C-H Bond of Benzylidene Group. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14911-14927. [PMID: 37870904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The domino reaction of alkyl and aryl isocyanides with two molecules of 2-arylidene-1,3-indanediones in acetonitrile at 80 °C resulted in unique functionalized spiro[dibenzo[a,f]azulene-6,2'-indenes] in good yields, in which the two 2-arylidene-1,3-indanediones acted as different building blocks to construct the polycyclic system. More importantly, the unprecedented anticipation of the ortho-position of benzylidene group to form a novel dibenzo[a,f]azulene ring through a formal [5 + 2] cycloaddition process was first observed. On the other hand, DABCO-promoted reaction of the isocyanides with two molecules of 2-arylidene-1,3-indanediones in acetonitrile at 80 °C afforded functionalized spiro[cyclopenta[a]-indene-2,2'-indene] derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Wei-Qing Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Ying Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Chao-Guo Yan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
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2
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Lee Y, Nam YS, Kim SY, Ki JE, Lee HG. Mechanistic duality of indolyl 1,3-heteroatom transposition. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7688-7698. [PMID: 37476715 PMCID: PMC10355096 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00716b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel mechanistic duality has been revealed from the indolyl 1,3-heteroatom transposition (IHT) of N-hydroxyindole derivatives. A series of in-depth mechanistic investigations suggests that two separate mechanisms are operating simultaneously. Moreover, the relative contribution of each mechanistic pathway, the energy barrier for each pathway, and the identity of the primary pathway were shown to be the functions of the electronic properties of the substrate system. Based on the mechanistic understanding obtained, a mechanism-driven strategy for the general and efficient introduction of a heteroatom at the 3-position of indole has been developed. The reaction developed exhibits a broad substrate scope to provide the products in various forms of the functionalised indole. Moreover, the method is applicable to the introduction of both oxygen- and nitrogen-based functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 South Korea
| | - Yun Seung Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 South Korea
| | - Soo Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 South Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Ki
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 South Korea
| | - Hong Geun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 South Korea
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3
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Dhami A, Chandrasekharan SP, Mohanan K. Direct Access to Trifluoromethylated Benzo[ d]oxepines from o-Alkynylaryl Aldehydes and Trifluorodiazoethane. Org Lett 2023; 25:3018-3022. [PMID: 37092874 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Reported in this Letter is a silver-catalyzed reaction between o-alkynylaryl aldehydes and trifluorodiazoethane that enables an expedient synthesis of trifluoromethylated benzo[d]oxepines. The reaction works through a silver-promoted 6-endo-dig cyclization of o-alkynylbenzaldehydes for the generation of an isochromenylium intermediate, which upon a ring-expansive addition of trifluorodiazoethane delivers a novel class of trifluoromethylated benzoxepine frameworks. This strategy was applied to the synthesis of phosphonylated benzo[d]oxepines using the Seyferth-Gilbert reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Dhami
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR), BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031, India
| | - Sanoop P Chandrasekharan
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR), BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031, India
| | - Kishor Mohanan
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR), BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
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4
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Yang T, Jiang Q, Wang CM, Li SL, He CY, Chu WD, Liu QZ. Cyclization of Vinyl Diazo Compounds with Benzofuran-Derived Azadienes Enabled by NaBAr F4. Org Lett 2023; 25:2243-2247. [PMID: 36971358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented cycloaddition of vinyl diazo compounds with benzofuran-derived azadienes catalyzed by rarely independently used NaBArF4 has been established. Benzofuran-fused hydropyridines were constructed with excellent yields and high diastereoselectivity via a Na+-catalyzed inverse-electron-demand aza-Diels-Alder reaction. Notably, this transformation also features good compatibility with a one-pot protocol to deliver the spiro[benzofuran-cyclopentene] skeleton, as well as perfect atom economy and simple reaction conditions.
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Khosravi H, Ghazvini HJ, Kamangar M, Rominger F, Balalaie S. Migratory cycloisomerization of 1,3-dien-5-ynes conjugated with pseudopeptides in assembly of benzo[7]annulenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2164-2167. [PMID: 35060573 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06533e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A novel domino cycloisomerization of 1,3-dien-5-ynes for the synthesis of 7H-benzo[7]annulenes is reported. The noticeable feature of this domino reaction involves the assembly of the fused bicyclic motifs through a transamidation/5-exo-trig cyclization/8π-electrocyclization sequence in a single step. Finally, mechanistic investigations were conducted experimentally and supported by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hormoz Khosravi
- Peptide Chemistry Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4416, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Helya Janatian Ghazvini
- Peptide Chemistry Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4416, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Kamangar
- Peptide Chemistry Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4416, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Saeed Balalaie
- Peptide Chemistry Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4416, Tehran, Iran.
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6
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Wang YJ, Zhang Y, Qiang Z, Liang JY, Chen Z. Gold catalyzed efficient preparation of dihydrobenzofuran from 1,3-enyne and phenol. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12607-12610. [PMID: 34755721 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05260h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A gold catalyzed formal intermolecular [2+3] cyclo-coupling of 1,3-enynes with phenols was developed to prepare dihydrobenzofuran derivatives with the addition of 2,6-dichloropyridine N-oxide, in which, a highly ortho-selective phenol SEAr functionalization was achieved by using 1,3-enynes as α-oxo vinyl gold carbenoid surrogates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, 59# Zhongguancun Street, Haidian, Beijing 100872, China.
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, 59# Zhongguancun Street, Haidian, Beijing 100872, China.
| | - Zou Qiang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, 59# Zhongguancun Street, Haidian, Beijing 100872, China.
| | - Jia-Ying Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, 59# Zhongguancun Street, Haidian, Beijing 100872, China.
| | - Zili Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, 59# Zhongguancun Street, Haidian, Beijing 100872, China.
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Zheng H, Wang K, De Angelis L, Arman HD, Doyle MP. Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Oxocarbenium-Olefin Metathesis/Rearrangements of 1 H-Isochromene Acetals with Vinyl Diazo Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:15391-15399. [PMID: 34510888 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
An oxocarbenium-olefin cross metathesis occurs during Brønsted acid catalyzed reactions of 1H-isochromene acetals with vinyl diazo compounds. Formally a carbonyl-alkene [2 + 2]-cyclization between isobenzopyrylium ions and the vinyl group of vinyl diazoesters, the retro-[2 + 2] cycloaddition produces a tethered alkene and a vinyl diazonium ion that, upon loss of dinitrogen, undergoes a highly selective carbocationic cascade rearrangements to diverse products whose formation is controlled by reactant substituents. Polysubstituted benzobicyclo[3.3.1]oxocines, benzobicyclo[3.2.2]oxepines, benzobicyclopropane, and naphthalenes are obtained in good to excellent yields and selectivities. Furthermore, isotopic tracer and control experiments shed light on the oxocarbenium-olefin metathesis/rearrangement process as well as on the origin of the interesting substituent-dependent selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michael P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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8
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Li W, Zhou L. Vinyldiazo Compounds as 3-Carbon Radical Acceptors: Synthesis of 4-Fluoroacridines via Visible-Light-Promoted Cascade Radical Cyclization. Org Lett 2021; 23:4279-4283. [PMID: 34029108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Vinyldiazo reagents were developed as the radical acceptors in a visible-light-promoted sequential radical cyclization reaction, providing a mechanistically distinct pathway to achieve (3 + 3) cyclization. Using N-aryl chlorodifluoromethyl alkynyl ketoimines as the radical precursors, the reaction allows the introduction of a fluorine atom to the acridine skeleton during the construction of both the pyridine and benzene motifs from acyclic building blocks. The resulting 4-fluoroacridines exhibited pronounced fluorescent properties in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Kulandai Raj AS, Narode AS, Liu RS. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Reactions between N-(o-Alkynylphenyl)imines and Vinyldiazo Ketones to Form 3-(Furan-2-ylmethyl)-1H-indoles via Postulated Azallyl Gold and Allylic Cation Intermediates. Org Lett 2021; 23:1378-1382. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antony Sekar Kulandai Raj
- Frontier Research Center of Matter Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, Republic of China
| | - Akshay Subhash Narode
- Frontier Research Center of Matter Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, Republic of China
| | - Rai-Shung Liu
- Frontier Research Center of Matter Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, Republic of China
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Trost BM, Zuo Z, Schultz JE. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Cycloaddition Reactions to Access Seven-Membered Rings. Chemistry 2020; 26:15354-15377. [PMID: 32705722 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The efficient and selective synthesis of functionalized seven-membered rings remains an important pursuit within synthetic organic chemistry, as this motif appears in numerous drug-like molecules and natural products. Use of cycloaddition reactions remains an attractive approach for their construction within the perspective of atom and step economy. Additionally, the ability to combine multiple components in a single reaction has the potential to allow for efficient combinatorial strategies of diversity-oriented synthesis. The inherent entropic penalty associated with achieving these transformations has impressively been overcome with development of catalysis, whereby the reaction components can be pre-organized through activation by transition-metal-catalysis. The fine-tuning of metal/ligand combinations as well as reaction conditions allows for achieving chemo-, regio-, diastereo- and enantioselectivity in these transformations. Herein, we discuss recent advances in transition-metal-catalyzed construction of seven-membered rings via combination of 2-4 components mediated by a variety of metals. An emphasis is placed on the mechanistic aspects of these transformations to both illustrate the state of the science and to highlight the unique application of novel processes of transition-metals in these transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M Trost
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305-5080, USA
| | - Zhijun Zuo
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305-5080, USA
| | - Johnathan E Schultz
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
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