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Wang L, Lin C, Chong Q, Zhang Z, Meng F. Photoredox cobalt-catalyzed regio-, diastereo- and enantioselective propargylation of aldehydes via propargyl radicals. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4825. [PMID: 37563134 PMCID: PMC10415309 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40488-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalytic enantioselective introduction of a propargyl group constitutes one of the most important carbon-carbon forming reactions, as it is versatile to be transformed into diverse functional groups and frequently used in the synthesis of natural products and biologically active molecules. Stereoconvergent transformations of racemic propargyl precursors to a single enantiomer of products via propargyl radicals represent a powerful strategy and provide new reactivity. However, only few Cu- or Ni-catalyzed protocols have been developed with limited reaction modes. Herein, a photoredox/cobalt-catalyzed regio-, diastereo- and enantioselective propargyl addition to aldehydes via propargyl radicals is presented, enabling construction of a broad scope of homopropargyl alcohols that are otherwise difficult to access in high efficiency and stereoselectivity from racemic propargyl carbonates. Mechanistic studies and DFT calculations provided evidence for the involvement of propargyl radicals, the origin of the stereoconvergent process and the stereochemical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuiyi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinglei Chong
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, 200032, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhihan Zhang
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Center, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Louyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China.
| | - Fanke Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, 200032, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, 310024, Hangzhou, China.
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2
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Xu C, Nader P, Xavier J, Captain B, Takenaka N. Evaluation of helicene-derived 2,2'-bipyridine N-monoxide catalyst for the enantioselective propargylation of N-acylhydrazones with allenyltrichlorosilane. Tetrahedron 2023; 141:133496. [PMID: 37790873 PMCID: PMC10545348 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2023.133496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Helicene-derived 2,2'-bipyridine N-monoxide was evaluated as a Lewis base catalyst for the enantioselective propargylation of N-acylhydrazones with allenyltrichlorosilane. The helicene-derived catalyst provided moderate-to-good reactivity and enantioselectivity for a range of acylhydrazones. This study represents the first example of the catalytic asymmetric propargylation of non-activated acylhydrazones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changgong Xu
- Chemistry Program, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
| | - Phillip Nader
- Chemistry Program, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
| | - Jonathan Xavier
- Chemistry Program, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
| | - Burjor Captain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146-0431, USA
| | - Norito Takenaka
- Chemistry Program, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
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3
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Melnyk N, Iribarren I, Mates‐Torres E, Trujillo C. Theoretical Perspectives in Organocatalysis. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201570. [PMID: 35792702 PMCID: PMC9804221 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
It is clear that the field of organocatalysis is continuously expanding during the last decades. With increasing computational capacity and new techniques, computational methods have provided a more economic approach to explore different chemical systems. This review offers a broad yet concise overview of current state-of-the-art studies that have employed novel strategies for catalyst design. The evolution of the all different theoretical approaches most commonly used within organocatalysis is discussed, from the traditional approach, manual-driven, to the most recent one, machine-driven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nika Melnyk
- School of ChemistryTrinity College DublinCollege GreenDublin2Ireland
| | - Iñigo Iribarren
- School of ChemistryTrinity College DublinCollege GreenDublin2Ireland
| | - Eric Mates‐Torres
- School of ChemistryTrinity College DublinCollege GreenDublin2Ireland
| | - Cristina Trujillo
- School of ChemistryTrinity College DublinCollege GreenDublin2Ireland
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean D. Roberts
- Department of Chemistry Lancaster University Bailrigg Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
| | - Mark G. McLaughlin
- Department of Chemistry Lancaster University Bailrigg Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
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5
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Morgante P, Deluca C, Jones TE, Aldrich GJ, Takenaka N, Peverati R. Steps toward Rationalization of the Enantiomeric Excess of the Sakurai–Hosomi–Denmark Allylation Catalyzed by Biisoquinoline N,N’-Dioxides Using Computations. Catalysts 2021; 11. [PMID: 36311901 PMCID: PMC9615605 DOI: 10.3390/catal11121487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Allylation reactions of aldehydes are chemical transformations of
fundamental interest, as they give direct access to chiral homoallylic alcohols.
In this work, we focus on the full computational characterization of the
catalytic activity of substituted biisoquinoline-N,N′-dioxides for the
allylation of 2-naphthaldehyde. We characterized the structure of all transition
states as well as identified the π stacking interactions that are
responsible for their relative energies. Motivated by disagreement with the
experimental results, we also performed an assessment of 34 different density
functional methods, with the goal of assessing DFT as a general tool for
understanding this chemistry. We found that the DFT results are generally
consistent as long as functionals that correctly account for dispersion
interactions are used. However, agreement with the experimental results is not
always guaranteed. We suggest the need for a careful synergy between
computations and experiments to correctly interpret the data and use them as a
design tool for new and improved asymmetric catalysts.
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6
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Malkov AV, Rubtsov AE. Developing a Methodology for Catalytic Asymmetric Crotylation of Aldehydes. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1706659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAsymmetric crotylation has firmly earned a place among the set of valuable synthetic tools for stereoselective construction of carbon skeletons. For a long time the field was heavily dominated by reagents bearing stoichiometric chiral auxiliaries, but now catalytic methods are gradually taking center stage, and the area continues to develop rapidly. This account focuses primarily on preformed organometallic reagents based on silicon and, to some extent, boron. It narrates our endeavors to design new and efficient chiral Lewis base catalysts for the asymmetric addition of crotyl(trichloro)silanes to aldehydes. It also covers the development of a novel protocol for kinetic resolution of racemic secondary allylboronates to give enantio- and diastereomerically enriched linear homoallylic alcohols. As a separate topic, cross-crotylation of aldehydes by using enantiopure branched homoallylic alcohols as a source of crotyl groups is discussed. Finally, the synthetic credentials of the developed methodology are illustrated by total syntheses of marine natural products, in which crotylation plays a key role in setting up stereogenic centers.1 Introduction2 Pyridine N-Oxides as Lewis Base Catalysts3 Bipyridine N,N′-Dioxides as Lewis Base Catalysts4 Chiral Allylating Reagents5 Synthetic Applications6 Concluding Remarks
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7
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Calogero F, Gualandi A, Matteo MD, Potenti S, Fermi A, Bergamini G, Cozzi PG. Photoredox Propargylation of Aldehydes Catalytic in Titanium. J Org Chem 2021; 86:7002-7009. [PMID: 33884879 PMCID: PMC8279488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
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A practical and effective
photoredox propargylation of aldehydes
promoted by 10 mol % of [Cp2TiCl2] is presented.
No stoichiometric metals or scavengers are used for the process. A
catalytic amount of the cheap and simply prepared organic dye 3DPAFIPN
is used as the reductant for titanium. The reaction displayed a broad
scope, and no traces of allenyl isomers were detected for simple propargyl
bromide, whereas mixtures of propargyl and allenyl isomers were observed
for substituted propargyl bromides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Calogero
- Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Gualandi
- Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Di Matteo
- Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Potenti
- Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.,Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Fermi
- Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giacomo Bergamini
- Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Pier Giorgio Cozzi
- Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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8
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Gallarati S, Fabregat R, Laplaza R, Bhattacharjee S, Wodrich MD, Corminboeuf C. Reaction-based machine learning representations for predicting the enantioselectivity of organocatalysts. Chem Sci 2021; 12:6879-6889. [PMID: 34123316 PMCID: PMC8153079 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00482d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of catalytic methods are developed each year to meet the demand for high-purity chiral compounds. The computational design of enantioselective organocatalysts remains a significant challenge, as catalysts are typically discovered through experimental screening. Recent advances in combining quantum chemical computations and machine learning (ML) hold great potential to propel the next leap forward in asymmetric catalysis. Within the context of quantum chemical machine learning (QML, or atomistic ML), the ML representations used to encode the three-dimensional structure of molecules and evaluate their similarity cannot easily capture the subtle energy differences that govern enantioselectivity. Here, we present a general strategy for improving molecular representations within an atomistic machine learning model to predict the DFT-computed enantiomeric excess of asymmetric propargylation organocatalysts solely from the structure of catalytic cycle intermediates. Mean absolute errors as low as 0.25 kcal mol-1 were achieved in predictions of the activation energy with respect to DFT computations. By virtue of its design, this strategy is generalisable to other ML models, to experimental data and to any catalytic asymmetric reaction, enabling the rapid screening of structurally diverse organocatalysts from available structural information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Gallarati
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Raimon Fabregat
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Rubén Laplaza
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- National Center for Competence in Research-Catalysis (NCCR-Catalysis), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Sinjini Bhattacharjee
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Dr Homi Bhabha Rd, Ward No. 8, NCL Colony, Pashan Pune Maharashtra 411008 India
| | - Matthew D Wodrich
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- National Center for Competence in Research-Catalysis (NCCR-Catalysis), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Clemence Corminboeuf
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- National Center for Competence in Research-Catalysis (NCCR-Catalysis), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- National Center for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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