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Rrapi M, Batsika CS, Nikitas NF, Tappin NDC, Triandafillidi I, Renaud P, Kokotos CG. Photochemical Synthesis of Lactones, Cyclopropanes and ATRA Products: Revealing the Role of Sodium Ascorbate. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400253. [PMID: 38324672 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Light-mediated processes have received significant attention, since they have re-surfaced unconventional reactivity platforms, complementary to conventional polar chemistry. γ-Lactones and cyclopropanes are prevalent moieties, found in numerous natural products and pharmaceuticals. Among various methods for their synthesis, light-mediated protocols are coming to the spotlight, although these are contingent upon the use of photoorgano- or metal-based catalysts. Herein, we introduce a novel photochemical activation of iodo-reagents via the use of cheap sodium ascorbate or ascorbic acid to enable their homolytic scission and addition onto double bonds. The developed protocol was applied successfully to the formal [3+2] cycloaddition for the synthesis of γ-lactones, traditional atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) reactions and the one-pot two-step conversion of alkenes to cyclopropanes. In all cases, the desired products were obtained in good to high yields, while the reaction mechanism was thoroughly investigated. Depending on the nature of the iodo-reagent, a halogen or a hydrogen-bonded complex is formed, which initiates the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Rrapi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, 15771, Greece
| | - Charikleia S Batsika
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, 15771, Greece
| | - Nikolaos F Nikitas
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, 15771, Greece
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas D C Tappin
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ierasia Triandafillidi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, 15771, Greece
| | - Philippe Renaud
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoforos G Kokotos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, 15771, Greece
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2
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Hu C, Kuhn L, Makurvet FD, Knorr ES, Lin X, Kawade RK, Mentink-Vigier F, Hanson K, Alabugin IV. Tethering Three Radical Cascades for Controlled Termination of Radical Alkyne peri-Annulations: Making Phenalenyl Ketones without Oxidants. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4187-4211. [PMID: 38316011 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Although Bu3Sn-mediated radical alkyne peri-annulations allow access to phenalenyl ring systems, the oxidative termination of these cascades provides only a limited selection of the possible isomeric phenalenone products with product selectivity controlled by the intrinsic properties of the new cyclic systems. In this work, we report an oxidant-free termination strategy that can overcome this limitation and enable selective access to the full set of isomerically functionalized phenalenones. The key to preferential termination is the preinstallation of a "weak link" that undergoes C-O fragmentation in the final cascade step. Breaking a C-O bond is assisted by entropy, gain of conjugation in the product, and release of stabilized radical fragments. This strategy is expanded to radical exo-dig cyclization cascades of oligoalkynes, which provide access to isomeric π-extended phenalenones. Conveniently, these cascades introduce functionalities (i.e., Bu3Sn and iodide moieties) amenable to further cross-coupling reactions. Consequently, a variety of polyaromatic diones, which could serve as phenalenyl-based open-shell precursors, can be synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowei Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Leah Kuhn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Favour D Makurvet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Erica S Knorr
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Xinsong Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Rahul K Kawade
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Frederic Mentink-Vigier
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Kenneth Hanson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Igor V Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
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3
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Just D, Gonçalves CR, Vezonik U, Kaiser D, Maulide N. General acid-mediated aminolactone formation using unactivated alkenes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10806-10811. [PMID: 37829023 PMCID: PMC10566462 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04073a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Spirocyclic butyrolactones and butenolides are widespread structural motifs in bioactive substances. Despite their prevalence, a simple method ensuring their direct preparation from exocyclic alkenes, ideally in a late-stage context, remains elusive. Herein, we report direct aminolactone formation using unactivated alkenes which addresses this gap, employing cheap and readily available reactants. The method relies on the hijacking of a cationic aminoalkylation pathway and affords (spiro)aminolactones with excellent functional group tolerance and chemoselectivity. The synthetic versatility of the products is demonstrated through a range of transformations, notably exploiting stereospecific rearrangement chemistry to produce sterically congested scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Just
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna Währinger Straße 38 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Carlos R Gonçalves
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna Währinger Straße 38 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Uroš Vezonik
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna Währinger Straße 38 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Daniel Kaiser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna Währinger Straße 38 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Nuno Maulide
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna Währinger Straße 38 1090 Vienna Austria
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4
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Boyer C, Kamigaito M, Satoh K, Moad G. Radical-Promoted Single-unit Monomer Insertion (SUMI) [aka. Reversible-Deactivation Radical Addition (RDRA)]. Prog Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2023.101648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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5
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Zhang JX, Shu W. Ni-Catalyzed Reductive 1,2-Cross-Dialkylation of Unactivated Alkenes with Two Alkyl Bromides. Org Lett 2022; 24:3844-3849. [PMID: 35594195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cross-dialkylation of unactivated alkenes represents a significant challenge due to competitive β-hydride elimination and associated selectivity issues. Herein, a Ni-catalyzed reductive 1,2-dialkylation of unactivated aliphatic alkenes has been developed using two different alkyl bromides. The reaction proceeds smoothly under mild conditions to install two Csp3-Csp3 bonds onto directed aliphatic alkenes, demonstrating excellent chemo- and regioselectivity with good functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xin Zhang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Wei Shu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, P.R. China
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6
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El Kharrat S, Laurent P, Boiteau L. Diastereoselective Synthesis of Perfluoroalkylmethyl‐Substituted 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroquinolines Derivatives through 1‐Iodo‐1,3‐Bis(acetoxy) Synthons. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salem El Kharrat
- Universite Saint-Joseph Faculte de pharmacie Faculty of Pharmacy Rue de Damas 1107 2180 Beirut LEBANON
| | - Philippe Laurent
- Université de Montpellier: Universite de Montpellier Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron 1919 route de Mende 34293 Montpellier FRANCE
| | - Laurent Boiteau
- University of Montpellier: Universite de Montpellier IBMM FRANCE
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7
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Liautard V, Delgado M, Colin B, Chabaud L, Michaud G, Pucheault M. In situ generation of radical initiators using amine-borane complexes for carbohalogenation of alkenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2124-2127. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06390a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Atom transfer radical addition of alkyl halides to alkenes was developed using a low amount of a stable initiator, amine borane complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Liautard
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Marine Delgado
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
- BOSTIK, Smart Technology Centre, ZAC du bois de Plaisance, 101, rue du Champ Cailloux 60280, Venette, France
| | - Boris Colin
- BOSTIK, Smart Technology Centre, ZAC du bois de Plaisance, 101, rue du Champ Cailloux 60280, Venette, France
| | - Laurent Chabaud
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Guillaume Michaud
- BOSTIK, Smart Technology Centre, ZAC du bois de Plaisance, 101, rue du Champ Cailloux 60280, Venette, France
| | - Mathieu Pucheault
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
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8
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García-Santos WH, Ordóñez-Hernández J, Farfán-Paredes M, Castro-Cruz HM, Macías-Ruvalcaba NA, Farfán N, Cordero-Vargas A. Dibromo-BODIPY as an Organic Photocatalyst for Radical-Ionic Sequences. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16315-16326. [PMID: 34726403 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new dibrominated 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) is reported as a new metal-free photocatalyst. This BODIPY showed similar optoelectronic, electrochemical, and performance properties to those of Ru(bpy)3Cl2, one of the most common photocatalysts in a known radical-ionic transformation, such as the formation of 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds. Moreover, additional sequences in which the generated oxonium ion is trapped by an internal nucleophile were developed using this BODIPY photocatalyst. These new sequences allowed the straightforward preparation of γ-alkoxylactones, monoprotected 1,4-ketoaldehydes, and dihydrofurans. This new catalyst, the methodology, and the forged functional groups could be important tools in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H García-Santos
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, C.P., México, D.F. 04510, México
| | - Javier Ordóñez-Hernández
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, C.P., México, D.F. 04510, México
| | - Mónica Farfán-Paredes
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Hiram M Castro-Cruz
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Norma A Macías-Ruvalcaba
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Norberto Farfán
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Alejandro Cordero-Vargas
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, C.P., México, D.F. 04510, México
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9
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Huang J, Chen Z, Wu J. Recent Progress in Methyl-Radical-Mediated Methylation or Demethylation Reactions. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiapian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Zhiyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Jie Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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10
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Pruteanu E, Gîrbu V, Ungur N, Persoons L, Daelemans D, Renaud P, Kulcițki V. Preparation of Antiproliferative Terpene-Alkaloid Hybrids by Free Radical-Mediated Modification of ent-Kauranic Derivatives. Molecules 2021; 26:4549. [PMID: 34361708 PMCID: PMC8347134 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A convenient strategy for molecular editing of available ent-kauranic natural scaffolds has been developed based on radical mediated C-C bond formation. Iodine atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) followed by rapid ionic elimination and radical azidoalkylation were investigated. Both reactions involve radical addition to the exo-methylenic double bond of the parent substrate. Easy transformations of the obtained adducts lead to extended diterpenes of broad structural diversity and artificial diterpene-alkaloid hybrids possessing lactam and pyrrolidine pharmacophores. The cytotoxicity of selected diterpenic derivatives was examined by in vitro testing on several tumor cell lines. The terpene-alkaloid hybrids containing N-heterocycles with unprecedented spiro-junction have shown relevant cytotoxicity and promising selectivity indexes. These results represent a solid basis for following research on the synthesis of such derivatives based on available natural product templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pruteanu
- Institute of Chemistry (MECC), Str. Academiei, 3, MD-2028 Chișinău, Moldova; (E.P.); (V.G.); (N.U.)
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vladilena Gîrbu
- Institute of Chemistry (MECC), Str. Academiei, 3, MD-2028 Chișinău, Moldova; (E.P.); (V.G.); (N.U.)
| | - Nicon Ungur
- Institute of Chemistry (MECC), Str. Academiei, 3, MD-2028 Chișinău, Moldova; (E.P.); (V.G.); (N.U.)
| | - Leentje Persoons
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.P.); (D.D.)
| | - Dirk Daelemans
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.P.); (D.D.)
| | - Philippe Renaud
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Veaceslav Kulcițki
- Institute of Chemistry (MECC), Str. Academiei, 3, MD-2028 Chișinău, Moldova; (E.P.); (V.G.); (N.U.)
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