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Zhang Z, Wang J, Yu C, Tan J, Du H, Chen N. Visible-Light-Induced Acylative Pyridylation of Styrenes. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38809604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
A visible-light-induced photocatalyst-free acylative pyridylation of styrenes with 4-acyl-1,4-dihydropyridines (DHPs) and 4-cyanopyridines has been described, featuring mild reaction conditions, a broad substrate scope, and good functional group tolerance. The reaction could also be performed under sunlight irradiation albeit with a slightly lower conversion. 4-Acyl-1,4-DHPs serve a dual role, acting as both a photoreductant to reduce the cyanopyridine to its radical anion intermediate and a radical precursor to produce the acyl radical. The mechanism was especially elucidated through the Hammett analysis, with the quadratic linear regression analysis by using radical dual parameters, σmb and σjj·. The findings from Hammett analysis further demonstrate that the rate-limiting step of the process is the single electron transfer between 4-acyl-1,4-DHPs and 4-cyanopyridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqin Zhang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenfeng Yu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajing Tan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongguang Du
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Chen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
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2
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Deng W, Li X, Li Z, Wen Y, Wang Z, Lin Z, Li Y, Hu J, Huang Y. Electrochemically Driven C4-Selective Decyanoalkylation of Cyanopyridines with Unactivated Alkyl Bromides Enabling C(sp 3)-C(sp 2) Coupling. Org Lett 2023; 25:9237-9242. [PMID: 38096030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
With cyanopyridines and alkyl bromides as coupling partners, an electrochemically driven C4-selective decyanoalkylation has been established to access diverse 4-alkylpyridines in one step. The reaction proceeds through the single electron reduction/radical-radical coupling tandem process under mild electrolytic conditions, achieving the cleavage of the C(sp2)-CN bond and the formation of C(sp3)-C(sp2). The practicality of this protocol is illustrated by no sacrificial anodes, a broad substrate scope, and gram-scale synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Deng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529090, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinling Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529090, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjie Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529090, People's Republic of China
| | - Yating Wen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529090, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziliang Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529090, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyin Lin
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529090, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibiao Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529090, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhui Hu
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529090, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubing Huang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529090, People's Republic of China
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3
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Ding Y, Yu S, Ren M, Lu J, Fu Q, Zhang Z, Wang Q, Bai J, Hao N, Yang L, Wei S, Yi D, Wei J. Redox-neutral and metal-free synthesis of 3-(arylmethyl)chroman-4-ones via visible-light-driven alkene acylarylation. Front Chem 2022; 10:1059792. [PMID: 36385990 PMCID: PMC9660241 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1059792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A metal- and aldehyde-free visible-light-driven photoredox-neutral alkene acylarylation with readily available cyanoarenes is described. A variety of 3-(arylmethyl)chroman-4-ones (i.e., homoisoflavonoids) and analogs are efficiently synthesized with good functional group tolerance. This mild protocol relies on a phosphoranyl radical-mediated acyl radical-initiated cyclization and selective radical-radical coupling sequence, and is also further highlighted by subsequent derivatization to chromone and 2H-chromene as well as its application in the three-component alkene acylarylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ding
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shengjiao Yu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Man Ren
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ji Lu
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jun Bai
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Na Hao
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Siping Wei
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Dong Yi
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jun Wei
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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4
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Niu C, Yang J, Yan K, Xie J, Jiang W, Li B, Wen J. An electrochemical gram-scale protocol for pyridylation of inert N-heterocycles with cyanopyridines. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101565. [PMID: 35880134 PMCID: PMC9307674 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a protocol to decyanopyridate inert N-heterocycles access to N-fused heterocycles via the mechanism of dual proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET). We describe a detailed guide to performing an electrochemical gram-scale protocol for decyanopyridation of inert N-heterocycles. The desired pyridylated quinolone is synthesized in a 5.0 mmol scale with a yield of 76%. The protocol is limited to cyanopyridines. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Niu et al. (2022). Electrochemical NH4+-assisted dual PCET followed by radical cross-coupling Synthesis of N-fused heterocycles in gram scale Application of electron-deficient quinolines as radical precursors The protocol is limited to cyanopyridines
Publisher’s note: Undertaking any experimental protocol requires adherence to local institutional guidelines for laboratory safety and ethics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Niu
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Jianjing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Kelu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Jiafang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Bingwen Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China.
| | - Jiangwei Wen
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China.
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Niu C, Yang J, Yan K, Xie J, Jiang W, Li B, Wen J. Electrochemical ammonium-cation-assisted pyridylation of inert N-heterocycles via dual-proton-coupled electron transfer. iScience 2022; 25:104253. [PMID: 35521512 PMCID: PMC9062347 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A straightforward and practical strategy for pyridylation of inert N-heterocycles, enabled by ammonium cation and electrochemical, has been described. This protocol gives access to various N-fused heterocycles and bidentate nitrogen ligand compounds, through dual-proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) and radical cross-coupling in the absence of exogenous metal and redox reagent. It features broad substrate scope, wide functional group tolerance, and easy gram-scale synthesis. Various experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculation results show the mechanism of dual PCET followed by radical cross-coupling is the preferred pathway. Moreover, ammonium salt plays the dual role of protonation reagent and electrolyte in this conversion, and the resulting product 9-(pyridin-4-yl)acridine compound can be used for fluorescence recognition of Fe2+ and Pd2+ with high sensitivity. Electrochemical NH4+-assisted dual PCET followed by the radical cross-coupling Straightforward and practical synthetic route for N-fused heterocycles Fluorescence recognition of Fe2+ and Pd2+ with high-sensitivity
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Li Y, Han C, Wang Y, Huang X, Zhao X, Qiao B, Jiang Z. Catalytic Asymmetric Reductive Azaarylation of Olefins via Enantioselective Radical Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7805-7814. [PMID: 35471031 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Visible-light-driven photocatalytic reductive azaarylation has been widely used to construct the important imine-containing azaarene derivatives. In addition to the direct use of various commercially available cyanoazaarenes as feedstocks, the synthetic advantages include precise regioselectivity, high efficiency, mild reaction conditions, and good functional group tolerance. However, although many efficient reductive azaarylation methods have been established, the example of an enantioselective manner is still unmet, which most likely can be ascribed to the highly reactive radical coupling as the key step of forming stereocenters. Exploring the feasibility of enantiocontrol thus constitutes an attractive but highly challenging task. Here, we demonstrate that chiral hydrogen-bonding/photosensitizer catalysis is a viable platform as it enables the realization of the first enantioselective manifold. A variety of acyclic and cyclic enones as the reaction partners are compatible with the dual catalyst system, leading to a wide array of valuable enantioenriched azaarene variants with high yields and ees. Regulating the types of chiral catalysts represents one of the important manners to success, in which several readily accessible Cinchona alkaloid-derived bifunctional catalysts are introduced in asymmetric photochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Li
- International S&T Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Cuijie Han
- International S&T Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Xin Huang
- International S&T Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- International S&T Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Baokun Qiao
- International S&T Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- International S&T Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China
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Zhou HJ, Huang JM. Hydropyridylation of α,β-Unsaturated Esters through Electroreduction of 4-Cyanopyridine. J Org Chem 2022; 87:5328-5338. [PMID: 35385272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A mild and highly efficient method for the hydropyridylation of α,β-unsaturated esters has been developed. This protocol provides the products smoothly with a wide substrate scope in an undivided cell under ambient conditions. Moreover, studies showed that the scope could be extended to other unsaturated compounds, including enones and aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Jian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Jing-Mei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
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Sun X, Yang J, Yan K, Zhuang X, Yu J, Song X, Zhang F, Li B, Wen J. Hydrophosphorylation of Electron-Deficient Alkenes and Alkynes Mediated by Convergent Paired Electrolysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8238-8241. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02745c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward and practical strategy for hydrophosphorylation of electron-deficient alkenes and alkynes to access γ-ketophosphine oxides, enabled by a convergent paired electrolysis (CPE) in the absence of metal, base, and...
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