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Deleuziere M, Benoist É, Quelven I, Gras E, Amiens C. [ 18F]-Radiolabelled Nanoplatforms: A Critical Review of Their Intrinsic Characteristics, Radiolabelling Methods, and Purification Techniques. Molecules 2024; 29:1537. [PMID: 38611815 PMCID: PMC11013168 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A wide range of nano-objects is found in many applications of our everyday life. Recognition of their peculiar properties and ease of functionalization has prompted their engineering into multifunctional platforms that are supposed to afford efficient tools for the development of biomedical applications. However, bridging the gap between bench to bedside cannot be expected without a good knowledge of their behaviour in vivo, which can be obtained through non-invasive imaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography (PET). Their radiolabelling with [18F]-fluorine, a technique already well established and widely used routinely for PET imaging, with [18F]-FDG for example, and in preclinical investigation using [18F]-radiolabelled biological macromolecules, has, therefore, been developed. In this context, this review highlights the various nano-objects studied so far, the reasons behind their radiolabelling, and main in vitro and/or in vivo results obtained thereof. Then, the methods developed to introduce the radioelement are presented. Detailed indications on the chemical steps involved are provided, and the stability of the radiolabelling is discussed. Emphasis is then made on the techniques used to purify and analyse the radiolabelled nano-objects, a point that is rarely discussed despite its technical relevance and importance for accurate imaging. The pros and cons of the different methods developed are finally discussed from which future work can develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëlle Deleuziere
- SPCMIB, CNRS UMR 5068, Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France; (M.D.); (É.B.)
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center (ToNIC), INSERM/UPS UMR 1214, University Hospital of Toulouse-Purpan, CEDEX 3, 31024 Toulouse, France;
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Éric Benoist
- SPCMIB, CNRS UMR 5068, Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France; (M.D.); (É.B.)
| | - Isabelle Quelven
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center (ToNIC), INSERM/UPS UMR 1214, University Hospital of Toulouse-Purpan, CEDEX 3, 31024 Toulouse, France;
| | - Emmanuel Gras
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, UMR 5069, CNRS—Université de Toulouse, 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France;
| | - Catherine Amiens
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31077 Toulouse, France
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Steffens RC, Folda P, Fendler NL, Höhn M, Bücher-Schossau K, Kempter S, Snyder NL, Hartmann L, Wagner E, Berger S. GalNAc- or Mannose-PEG-Functionalized Polyplexes Enable Effective Lectin-Mediated DNA Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:351-370. [PMID: 38440876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
A cationic, dendrimer-like oligo(aminoamide) carrier with four-arm topology based on succinoyl tetraethylene pentamine and histidines, cysteines, and N-terminal azido-lysines was screened for plasmid DNA delivery on various cell lines. The incorporated azides allow modification with various shielding agents of different polyethylene glycol (PEG) lengths and/or different ligands by copper-free click reaction, either before or after polyplex formation. Prefunctionalization was found to be advantageous over postfunctionalization in terms of nanoparticle formation, stability, and efficacy. A length of 24 ethylene oxide repetition units and prefunctionalization of ≥50% of azides per carrier promoted optimal polyplex shielding. PEG shielding resulted in drastically reduced DNA transfer, which could be successfully restored by active lectin targeting via novel GalNAc or mannose ligands, enabling enhanced receptor-mediated endocytosis of the carrier system. The involvement of the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) in the uptake of GalNAc-functionalized polyplexes was confirmed in the ASGPR-positive hepatocarcinoma cell lines HepG2 and Huh7. Mannose-modified polyplexes showed superior cellular uptake and transfection efficacy compared to unmodified and shielded polyplexes in mannose-receptor-expressing dendritic cell-like DC2.4 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricarda C Steffens
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS), LMU Munich, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Paul Folda
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Nikole L Fendler
- Department of Chemistry, Davidson College, Davidson, North Carolina 28035, United States
| | - Miriam Höhn
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Bücher-Schossau
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Susanne Kempter
- Faculty of Physics, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS), LMU Munich, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole L Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, Davidson College, Davidson, North Carolina 28035, United States
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS), LMU Munich, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Berger
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS), LMU Munich, 80799 Munich, Germany
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Zeyn Y, Hobernik D, Wilk U, Pöhmerer J, Hieber C, Medina-Montano C, Röhrig N, Strähle CF, Thoma-Kress AK, Wagner E, Bros M, Berger S. Transcriptional Targeting of Dendritic Cells Using an Optimized Human Fascin1 Gene Promoter. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16938. [PMID: 38069260 PMCID: PMC10706967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Deeper knowledge about the role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in cancer development and progression has resulted in new strategies such as gene-based cancer immunotherapy. Whereas some approaches focus on the expression of tumoricidal genes within the TME, DNA-based vaccines are intended to be expressed in antigen-presenting cells (e.g., dendritic cells, DCs) in secondary lymphoid organs, which in turn induce anti-tumor T cell responses. Besides effective delivery systems and the requirement of appropriate adjuvants, DNA vaccines themselves need to be optimized regarding efficacy and selectivity. In this work, the concept of DC-focused transcriptional targeting was tested by applying a plasmid encoding for the luciferase reporter gene under the control of a derivative of the human fascin1 gene promoter (pFscnLuc), comprising the proximal core promoter fused to the normally more distantly located DC enhancer region. DC-focused activity of this reporter construct was confirmed in cell culture in comparison to a standard reporter vector encoding for luciferase under the control of the strong ubiquitously active cytomegalovirus promoter and enhancer (pCMVLuc). Both plasmids were also compared upon intravenous administration in mice. The organ- and cell type-specific expression profile of pFscnLuc versus pCMVLuc demonstrated favorable activity especially in the spleen as a central immune organ and within the spleen in DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanira Zeyn
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (Y.Z.); (D.H.); (C.H.); (C.M.-M.); (N.R.)
| | - Dominika Hobernik
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (Y.Z.); (D.H.); (C.H.); (C.M.-M.); (N.R.)
| | - Ulrich Wilk
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (U.W.); (J.P.); (E.W.)
| | - Jana Pöhmerer
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (U.W.); (J.P.); (E.W.)
| | - Christoph Hieber
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (Y.Z.); (D.H.); (C.H.); (C.M.-M.); (N.R.)
| | - Carolina Medina-Montano
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (Y.Z.); (D.H.); (C.H.); (C.M.-M.); (N.R.)
| | - Nadine Röhrig
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (Y.Z.); (D.H.); (C.H.); (C.M.-M.); (N.R.)
| | - Caroline F. Strähle
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (C.F.S.); (A.K.T.-K.)
| | - Andrea K. Thoma-Kress
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (C.F.S.); (A.K.T.-K.)
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (U.W.); (J.P.); (E.W.)
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (Y.Z.); (D.H.); (C.H.); (C.M.-M.); (N.R.)
| | - Simone Berger
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (U.W.); (J.P.); (E.W.)
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Hieber C, Grabbe S, Bros M. Counteracting Immunosenescence-Which Therapeutic Strategies Are Promising? Biomolecules 2023; 13:1085. [PMID: 37509121 PMCID: PMC10377144 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging attenuates the overall responsiveness of the immune system to eradicate pathogens. The increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by innate immune cells under basal conditions, termed inflammaging, contributes to impaired innate immune responsiveness towards pathogen-mediated stimulation and limits antigen-presenting activity. Adaptive immune responses are attenuated as well due to lowered numbers of naïve lymphocytes and their impaired responsiveness towards antigen-specific stimulation. Additionally, the numbers of immunoregulatory cell types, comprising regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, that inhibit the activity of innate and adaptive immune cells are elevated. This review aims to summarize our knowledge on the cellular and molecular causes of immunosenescence while also taking into account senescence effects that constitute immune evasion mechanisms in the case of chronic viral infections and cancer. For tumor therapy numerous nanoformulated drugs have been developed to overcome poor solubility of compounds and to enable cell-directed delivery in order to restore immune functions, e.g., by addressing dysregulated signaling pathways. Further, nanovaccines which efficiently address antigen-presenting cells to mount sustained anti-tumor immune responses have been clinically evaluated. Further, senolytics that selectively deplete senescent cells are being tested in a number of clinical trials. Here we discuss the potential use of such drugs to improve anti-aging therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Hieber
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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Bednarczyk M, Bolduan V, Haist M, Stege H, Hieber C, Johann L, Schelmbauer C, Blanfeld M, Karram K, Schunke J, Klaus T, Tubbe I, Montermann E, Röhrig N, Hartmann M, Schlosser J, Bopp T, Clausen BE, Waisman A, Bros M, Grabbe S. β2 Integrins on Dendritic Cells Modulate Cytokine Signaling and Inflammation-Associated Gene Expression, and Are Required for Induction of Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142188. [PMID: 35883631 PMCID: PMC9322999 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterodimeric β2 integrin surface receptors (CD11a-d/CD18) are specifically expressed by leukocytes that contribute to pathogen uptake, cell migration, immunological synapse formation and cell signaling. In humans, the loss of CD18 expression results in leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndrome (LAD-)1, largely characterized by recurrent severe infections. All available mouse models display the constitutive and ubiquitous knockout of either α or the common β2 (CD18) subunit, which hampers the analysis of the cell type-specific role of β2 integrins in vivo. To overcome this limitation, we generated a CD18 gene floxed mouse strain. Offspring generated from crossing with CD11c-Cre mice displayed the efficient knockdown of β2 integrins, specifically in dendritic cells (DCs). Stimulated β2-integrin-deficient splenic DCs showed enhanced cytokine production and the concomitantly elevated activity of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) 1, 3 and 5, as well as the impaired expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 2–6 as assessed in bone marrow-derived (BM) DCs. Paradoxically, these BMDCs also showed the attenuated expression of genes involved in inflammatory signaling. In line, in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice with a conditional DC-specific β2 integrin knockdown presented with a delayed onset and milder course of disease, associated with lower frequencies of T helper cell populations (Th)1/Th17 in the inflamed spinal cord. Altogether, our mouse model may prove to be a valuable tool to study the leukocyte-specific functions of β2 integrins in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Bednarczyk
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (V.B.); (M.H.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (J.S.); (T.K.); (I.T.); (E.M.); (N.R.); (M.H.); (J.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Vanessa Bolduan
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (V.B.); (M.H.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (J.S.); (T.K.); (I.T.); (E.M.); (N.R.); (M.H.); (J.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Maximilian Haist
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (V.B.); (M.H.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (J.S.); (T.K.); (I.T.); (E.M.); (N.R.); (M.H.); (J.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Henner Stege
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (V.B.); (M.H.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (J.S.); (T.K.); (I.T.); (E.M.); (N.R.); (M.H.); (J.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Christoph Hieber
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (V.B.); (M.H.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (J.S.); (T.K.); (I.T.); (E.M.); (N.R.); (M.H.); (J.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Lisa Johann
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (L.J.); (C.S.); (M.B.); (K.K.); (B.E.C.); (A.W.)
| | - Carsten Schelmbauer
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (L.J.); (C.S.); (M.B.); (K.K.); (B.E.C.); (A.W.)
| | - Michaela Blanfeld
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (L.J.); (C.S.); (M.B.); (K.K.); (B.E.C.); (A.W.)
| | - Khalad Karram
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (L.J.); (C.S.); (M.B.); (K.K.); (B.E.C.); (A.W.)
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Jenny Schunke
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (V.B.); (M.H.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (J.S.); (T.K.); (I.T.); (E.M.); (N.R.); (M.H.); (J.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Tanja Klaus
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (V.B.); (M.H.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (J.S.); (T.K.); (I.T.); (E.M.); (N.R.); (M.H.); (J.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Ingrid Tubbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (V.B.); (M.H.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (J.S.); (T.K.); (I.T.); (E.M.); (N.R.); (M.H.); (J.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Evelyn Montermann
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (V.B.); (M.H.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (J.S.); (T.K.); (I.T.); (E.M.); (N.R.); (M.H.); (J.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Nadine Röhrig
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (V.B.); (M.H.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (J.S.); (T.K.); (I.T.); (E.M.); (N.R.); (M.H.); (J.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Maike Hartmann
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (V.B.); (M.H.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (J.S.); (T.K.); (I.T.); (E.M.); (N.R.); (M.H.); (J.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Jana Schlosser
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (V.B.); (M.H.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (J.S.); (T.K.); (I.T.); (E.M.); (N.R.); (M.H.); (J.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Tobias Bopp
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Björn E Clausen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (L.J.); (C.S.); (M.B.); (K.K.); (B.E.C.); (A.W.)
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (L.J.); (C.S.); (M.B.); (K.K.); (B.E.C.); (A.W.)
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (V.B.); (M.H.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (J.S.); (T.K.); (I.T.); (E.M.); (N.R.); (M.H.); (J.S.); (M.B.)
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (V.B.); (M.H.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (J.S.); (T.K.); (I.T.); (E.M.); (N.R.); (M.H.); (J.S.); (M.B.)
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-61-3117-4412
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Enrichment Methods for Murine Liver Non-Parenchymal Cells Differentially Affect Their Immunophenotype and Responsiveness towards Stimulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126543. [PMID: 35742987 PMCID: PMC9223567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocytes comprise the majority of the liver and largely exert metabolic functions, whereas non-parenchymal cells (NPCs)—comprising Kupffer cells, dendritic cells and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells—control the immunological state within this organ. Here, we compared the suitability of two isolation methods for murine liver NPCs. Liver perfusion (LP) with collagenase/DNase I applied via the portal vein leads to efficient liver digestion, whereas the modified liver dissociation (LD) method combines mechanical dissociation of the retrieved organ with enzymatic degradation of the extracellular matrix. In cases of both LP and LD, NPCs were enriched by subsequent gradient density centrifugation. Our results indicate that LP and LD are largely comparable with regards to the yield, purity, and composition of liver NPCs. However, LD-enriched liver NPCs displayed a higher degree of activation after overnight cultivation, and accordingly were less responsive towards stimulation with toll-like receptor ligands that are frequently used as adjuvants, e.g., in nano-vaccines. We conclude that LP is more suitable for obtaining liver NPCs for subsequent in vitro studies, whereas LD as the less laborious method, is more convenient for parallel isolation of larger numbers of samples for ex vivo analysis.
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Gleue L, Schupp J, Zimmer N, Becker E, Frey H, Tuettenberg A, Helm M. Stability of Alkyl Chain-Mediated Lipid Anchoring in Liposomal Membranes. Cells 2020; 9:E2213. [PMID: 33003620 PMCID: PMC7599733 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid exchange among biological membranes, lipoprotein particles, micelles, and liposomes is an important yet underrated phenomenon with repercussions throughout the life sciences. The premature loss of lipid molecules from liposomal formulations severely impacts therapeutic applications of the latter and thus limits the type of lipids and lipid conjugates available for fine-tuning liposomal properties. While cholesterol derivatives, with their irregular lipophilic surface shape, are known to readily undergo lipid exchange and interconvert, e.g., with serum, the situation is unclear for lipids with regular, linear-shaped alkyl chains. This study compares the propensity of fluorescence-labeled lipid conjugates of systematically varied lengths to migrate from liposomal particles consisting mainly of egg phosphatidyl choline 3 (EPC3) and cholesterol into biomembranes. We show that dialkyl glyceryl lipids with chains of 18-20 methylene units are inherently stable in liposomal membranes. In contrast, C16 lipids show some lipid exchange, albeit significantly less than comparable cholesterol conjugates. Remarkably, the C18 chain length, which confers noticeable anchor stability, corresponds to the typical chain length in biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Gleue
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Jonathan Schupp
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.S.); (N.Z.)
| | - Niklas Zimmer
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.S.); (N.Z.)
| | - Eyleen Becker
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (E.B.); (H.F.)
| | - Holger Frey
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (E.B.); (H.F.)
| | - Andrea Tuettenberg
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.S.); (N.Z.)
| | - Mark Helm
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
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Multivalency Beats Complexity: A Study on the Cell Uptake of Carbohydrate Functionalized Nanocarriers to Dendritic Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092087. [PMID: 32932639 PMCID: PMC7564404 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of carbohydrate and glycodendron structures for dendritic cell targeting, which were subsequently bound to hydroxyethyl starch (HES) nanocapsules prepared by the inverse miniemulsion technique. The uptake of the carbohydrate-functionalized HES nanocapsules into immature human dendritic cells (hDCs) revealed a strong dependence on the used carbohydrate. A multivalent mannose-terminated dendron was found to be far superior in uptake compared to the structurally more complex oligosaccharides used.
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9
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Hager S, Fittler FJ, Wagner E, Bros M. Nucleic Acid-Based Approaches for Tumor Therapy. Cells 2020; 9:E2061. [PMID: 32917034 PMCID: PMC7564019 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the last decade, the introduction of checkpoint inhibitors proposed to boost the patients' anti-tumor immune response has proven the efficacy of immunotherapeutic approaches for tumor therapy. Furthermore, especially in the context of the development of biocompatible, cell type targeting nano-carriers, nucleic acid-based drugs aimed to initiate and to enhance anti-tumor responses have come of age. This review intends to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of the therapeutic use of nucleic acids for cancer treatment on various levels, comprising (i) mRNA and DNA-based vaccines to be expressed by antigen presenting cells evoking sustained anti-tumor T cell responses, (ii) molecular adjuvants, (iii) strategies to inhibit/reprogram tumor-induced regulatory immune cells e.g., by RNA interference (RNAi), (iv) genetically tailored T cells and natural killer cells to directly recognize tumor antigens, and (v) killing of tumor cells, and reprograming of constituents of the tumor microenvironment by gene transfer and RNAi. Aside from further improvements of individual nucleic acid-based drugs, the major perspective for successful cancer therapy will be combination treatments employing conventional regimens as well as immunotherapeutics like checkpoint inhibitors and nucleic acid-based drugs, each acting on several levels to adequately counter-act tumor immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Hager
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | | | - Ernst Wagner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
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Fuchs N, Meta M, Schuppan D, Nuhn L, Schirmeister T. Novel Opportunities for Cathepsin S Inhibitors in Cancer Immunotherapy by Nanocarrier-Mediated Delivery. Cells 2020; 9:E2021. [PMID: 32887380 PMCID: PMC7565055 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin S (CatS) is a secreted cysteine protease that cleaves certain extracellular matrix proteins, regulates antigen presentation in antigen-presenting cells (APC), and promotes M2-type macrophage and dendritic cell polarization. CatS is overexpressed in many solid cancers, and overall, it appears to promote an immune-suppressive and tumor-promoting microenvironment. While most data suggest that CatS inhibition or knockdown promotes anti-cancer immunity, cell-specific inhibition, especially in myeloid cells, appears to be important for therapeutic efficacy. This makes the design of CatS selective inhibitors and their targeting to tumor-associated M2-type macrophages (TAM) and DC an attractive therapeutic strategy compared to the use of non-selective immunosuppressive compounds or untargeted approaches. The selective inhibition of CatS can be achieved through optimized small molecule inhibitors that show good pharmacokinetic profiles and are orally bioavailable. The targeting of these inhibitors to TAM is now more feasible using nanocarriers that are functionalized for a directed delivery. This review discusses the role of CatS in the immunological tumor microenvironment and upcoming possibilities for a nanocarrier-mediated delivery of potent and selective CatS inhibitors to TAM and related APC to promote anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Fuchs
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, D, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (N.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Mergim Meta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, D, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (N.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 63, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lutz Nuhn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, D, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (N.F.); (M.M.)
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11
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Yuba E, Fukaya Y, Yanagihara S, Kasho N, Harada A. Development of Mannose-Modified Carboxylated Curdlan-Coated Liposomes for Antigen Presenting Cell Targeted Antigen Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12080754. [PMID: 32796567 PMCID: PMC7465930 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12080754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific delivery to antigen presenting cells (APC) and precise control of the intracellular fate of antigens are crucial to induce cellular immunity that directly and specifically attacks cancer cells. We previously achieved cytoplasmic delivery of antigen and activation of APC using carboxylated curdlan-modified liposomes, which led to the induction of cellular immunity in vivo. APCs express mannose receptors on their surface to recognize pathogen specifically and promote cross-presentation of antigen. In this study, mannose-residue was additionally introduced to carboxylated curdlan as a targeting moiety to APC for further improvement of polysaccharide-based antigen carriers. Mannose-modified curdlan derivatives were synthesized by the condensation between amino group-introduced mannose and carboxy group in pH-sensitive curdlan. Mannose residue-introduced carboxylated curdlan-modified liposomes showed higher pH-sensitivity than that of liposomes modified with conventional carboxylated curdlan. The introduction of mannose-residue to the liposomes induced aggregation in the presence of Concanavalin A, indicating that mannose residues were presented onto liposome surface. Mannose residue-introduced carboxylated curdlan-modified liposomes exhibited high and selective cellular association to APC. Furthermore, mannose residue-introduced carboxylated curdlan-modified liposomes promoted cross-presentation of antigen and induced strong antitumor effects on tumor-bearing mice. Therefore, these liposomes are promising as APC-specific antigen delivery systems for the induction of antigen-specific cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Yuba
- Correspondence: (E.Y.); (A.H.); Tel.: +81-72-254-9330 (E.Y.); Fax: +81-72-254-9330 (E.Y.)
| | | | | | | | - Atsushi Harada
- Correspondence: (E.Y.); (A.H.); Tel.: +81-72-254-9330 (E.Y.); Fax: +81-72-254-9330 (E.Y.)
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12
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Verkoyen P, Dreier P, Bros M, Hils C, Schmalz H, Seiffert S, Frey H. “Dumb” pH-Independent and Biocompatible Hydrogels Formed by Copolymers of Long-Chain Alkyl Glycidyl Ethers and Ethylene Oxide. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3152-3162. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Verkoyen
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Philip Dreier
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Hils
- Makromolekulare Chemie II, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Holger Schmalz
- Makromolekulare Chemie II, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sebastian Seiffert
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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