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Habibi S, Bautista MA, Bryant SL, Shor RJ, Natale G. A novel synthesis method of magnetic Janus particles for wastewater applications. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 669:952-964. [PMID: 38759594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Magnetic particles are widely used in many adsorption and removal processes. Among the many types of magnetic colloids, magnetic Janus particles offer significant possibilities for the effective removal of several components from aqueous solutions. Nevertheless, the synthesis of structures integrating different types of materials requires scalable fabrication processes to overcome the limitations of the available methodologies. Herein, we hypothesized a fabrication process for dual-surface functionalized magnetic Janus particles. EXPERIMENTS The primary silica particles with surface-attached amine groups are further asymmetrically modified by iron oxide nanoparticles, exploiting Pickering emulsion and electroless deposition techniques. The dual surface functionality of the particles is designed for its versatility and demonstrated in two wastewater-related applications. FINDINGS We show that our design can simultaneously remove chromium (VI) and phenol from aqueous solution. The fabricated magnetic-responsive Janus particles are also an effective adsorbent for genomic Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and show superior performance to commercial magnetic beads. Thus, this study provides a novel platform for designing magnetic Janus particles with multifunctional surfaces for wastewater treatment applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samin Habibi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Maria A Bautista
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Steven L Bryant
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Roman J Shor
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Giovanniantonio Natale
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
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2
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Dong H, Hu F, Ma X, Yang J, Pan L, Xu J. Collective Cell Radial Ordered Migration in Spatial Confinement. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307487. [PMID: 38520715 PMCID: PMC11132034 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Collective cells, a typical active matter system, exhibit complex coordinated behaviors fundamental for various developmental and physiological processes. The present work discovers a collective radial ordered migration behavior of NIH3T3 fibroblasts that depends on persistent top-down regulation with 2D spatial confinement. Remarkably, individual cells move in a weak-oriented, diffusive-like rather than strong-oriented ballistic manner. Despite this, the collective movement is spatiotemporal heterogeneous and radial ordering at supracellular scale, manifesting as a radial ordered wavefront originated from the boundary and propagated toward the center of pattern. Combining bottom-up cell-to-extracellular matrix (ECM) interaction strategy, numerical simulations based on a developed mechanical model well reproduce and explain above observations. The model further predicts the independence of geometric features on this ordering behavior, which is validated by experiments. These results together indicate such radial ordered collective migration is ascribed to the couple of top-down regulation with spatial restriction and bottom-up cellular endogenous nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Weak‐Light Nonlinear Photonics of Education MinistrySchool of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied PhysicsNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Fen Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Weak‐Light Nonlinear Photonics of Education MinistrySchool of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied PhysicsNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Xuehe Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Weak‐Light Nonlinear Photonics of Education MinistrySchool of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied PhysicsNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Jianyu Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Weak‐Light Nonlinear Photonics of Education MinistrySchool of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied PhysicsNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Leiting Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Weak‐Light Nonlinear Photonics of Education MinistrySchool of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied PhysicsNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyFrontiers Science Center for Cell ResponsesCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nankai UniversityShenzhenGuangdong518083China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme OpticsShanxi UniversityTaiyuanShanxi030006China
| | - Jingjun Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Weak‐Light Nonlinear Photonics of Education MinistrySchool of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied PhysicsNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nankai UniversityShenzhenGuangdong518083China
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3
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Archer RJ, Ebbens SJ. Symmetrical Catalytic Colloids Display Janus-Like Active Brownian Particle Motion. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303154. [PMID: 37870200 PMCID: PMC10667803 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic Janus colloids, with one hemi-sphere covered by a hydrogen peroxide reduction catalyst such as platinum, represent one of the most experimentally explored examples of self-motile active colloid systems. This paper comparatively investigates the motile behavior of symmetrical catalytic colloids produced by a solution-based metal salt reduction process. Despite the significant differences in the distribution of catalytic activity, this study finds that the motion produced by symmetrical colloids is equivalent to that previously reported for Janus colloids. It also shows that introducing a Janus structure to the symmetrical colloids via masking does not significantly modify their motion. These findings could indicate that very subtle variations in surface reactivity can be sufficient to produce Janus-like active Brownian particle-type motion, or that a symmetry-breaking phenomena is present. The study will consequently motivate fresh theoretical attention and also demonstrate a straightforward route to access large quantities of motile active colloids, which are expected to show subtly different phenomenology compared to those with Janus structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. Archer
- Molecular Robotics LaboratoryDepartment of RoboticsGraduate School of EngineeringTohoku UniversitySendai980‐8579Japan
| | - Stephen J. Ebbens
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of SheffieldMappin StreetSheffieldS1 3JDUK
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4
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Han Y, Kim H. Fabrication of Versatile Janus Microparticles through Geometry and Surface Chemistry Control. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:13695-13704. [PMID: 37708347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic Janus particles typically comprise two distinct hemispheres with spatially dispersed physicochemical properties. The anisotropic structure and physicochemical properties of Janus particles can be exploited for various applications. However, their preparation typically requires complex and sophisticated processes and expensive equipment to control the formation of different structures and chemical compositions. Herein, a simple synthetic approach for the facile fabrication of versatile Janus particles with efficient control of the Janus ratio and wettability based on particle fixation at a three-phase interface and photopolymerization is reported. Agarose gel and surfactant are used to control the surface-coated boundaries of the Janus particles through the equilibrium of a floating microparticle at the fluid interface. poly(propylene glycol) diacrylate or poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) coating on polystyrene-based microparticles allows easy control of the chemical functionality of the particle surfaces. Depending on the particle morphology and wettability, the interfacial behavior between two immiscible liquids can be adjusted, which allows the stabilization of Pickering emulsions that encapsulate independent oil droplets in water or vice versa. This facile approach has the potential to enable more efficient mass production of Janus particles and their use in various applications, such as biomedical and environmental engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejeong Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Faßberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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5
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Synthesis of functionalized janus hybrid nanosheets for one-step construction of pickering emulsion and selective photodegradation of water-soluble dyes. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
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6
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Popescu MN, Gáspár S. Analyte Sensing with Catalytic Micromotors. BIOSENSORS 2022; 13:45. [PMID: 36671880 PMCID: PMC9856142 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic micromotors can be used to detect molecules of interest in several ways. The straightforward approach is to use such motors as sensors of their "fuel" (i.e., of the species consumed for self-propulsion). Another way is in the detection of species which are not fuel but still modulate the catalytic processes facilitating self-propulsion. Both of these require analysis of the motion of the micromotors because the speed (or the diffusion coefficient) of the micromotors is the analytical signal. Alternatively, catalytic micromotors can be used as the means to enhance mass transport, and thus increase the probability of specific recognition events in the sample. This latter approach is based on "classic" (e.g., electrochemical) analytical signals and does not require an analysis of the motion of the micromotors. Together with a discussion of the current limitations faced by sensing concepts based on the speed (or diffusion coefficient) of catalytic micromotors, we review the findings of the studies devoted to the analytical performances of catalytic micromotor sensors. We conclude that the qualitative (rather than quantitative) analysis of small samples, in resource poor environments, is the most promising niche for the catalytic micromotors in analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihail N. Popescu
- Física Teórica, Universidad de Sevilla, Apdo. 1065, E-41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Szilveszter Gáspár
- International Centre of Biodynamics, 1B Intrarea Portocalelor, 060101 Bucharest, Romania
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7
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Torrenegra-Rico JD, Arango-Restrepo A, Rubí JM. Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of Janus particle self-assembly. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:104103. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0097802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We compute the energetic cost of formation of Janus particle structures. Using an approach that couples particle dynamics to the evolution of fuel concentration in the medium, which we consider to be initially inhomogeneous, we show the different types of emerging structures. The energy dissipated in the formation of such structures is obtained from the entropy production rate, which is a non-monotonic function of the fraction of assembled particles and, thus, different in each self-assembly regime. An analysis of the free energy of these particles allows us to establish a thermodynamic criterion of structure formation based on the behavior of chemical potential as a function of the fraction of assembled particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. D. Torrenegra-Rico
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A. Arango-Restrepo
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. M. Rubí
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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8
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Kumar P, Wang Q, Horváth D, Tóth Á, Steinbock O. Collective motion of self-propelled chemical garden tubes. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:4389-4395. [PMID: 35616522 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00395c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In H2O2 solutions, manganese-containing chemical garden tubes can self-propel due to the catalytic production and ejection of oxygen bubbles. Here, we investigate the collective behavior of these self-assembled precipitate tubes. In thin solution layers, the tubes show definite autonomous dynamics with only weak interactions that result from fluid motion around the moving units and directional changes during collisions. In thick solution layers with convex menisci forcing spatial confinement, the tubes undergo cycles of self-assembly and dispersion. This collective motion results from the rhythmic creation of a large master bubble around which the tubes align tangentially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar
- Florida State University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA.
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Qingpu Wang
- Florida State University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA.
| | - Dezső Horváth
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Ágota Tóth
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Oliver Steinbock
- Florida State University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA.
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9
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McGlasson A, Bradley LC. Investigating Time-Dependent Active Motion of Janus Micromotors using Dynamic Light Scattering. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2104926. [PMID: 34655162 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Advances in fabrication methods have positioned Janus micromotors (JMs) as candidates for use as autonomous devices in applications across diverse fields, spanning drug delivery to environmental remediation. While the design of most micromotors is straightforward, the non-steady state active motion exhibited by these systems is complex and difficult to characterize. Traditionally, JM active motion is characterized using optical microscopy single particle tracking for systems confined in 2D. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) offers an alternative high-throughput method for characterizing the 3D active motion in bulk JM dispersions with additional capabilities to quantify time-dependent behavior for a broader range of JM sizes. Here, the active motion of spherical JMs is examined by DLS and it is demonstrated that the method enables decoupling of the translational and rotational diffusion. Systematic studies quantifying the time-dependent diffusive properties as a function of fuel concentration, JM concentration, and time after fuel addition are presented. The analyses presented in this work position DLS to facilitate future advances of JM systems by serving as a fast-screening characterization method for active motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex McGlasson
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Laura C Bradley
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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10
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Heidari M, Jakob F, Liebchen B, von Klitzing R. Non-monotonic speed-dependence of microswimmers on wall distance. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:9428-9433. [PMID: 34610082 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01277k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
While substrates naturally occur in most microswimmer experiments, their impact on the swimming performance is not well understood. In the present study, we functionalize substrates with polymer brushes of varying swelling properties, grafting densities and brush lengths to systematically modify and explore the substrate-swimmer interactions. Notably, the swimming speed does not monotonically change with brush thickness, but shows a distinct maximum at a certain intermediate thickness, which results from two counteracting factors: surface charge and surface roughness. The results show that the speed of thermophoretic microswimmers does not only depend on the particle properties but is also strongly influenced by the properties of the underlying substrate. This provides a route to control the speed of microswimmers via the underlying substrate, which could be applied in the future e.g. to design complex motility landscapes by patterning substrates with polymer brushes. It is expected that similar effects would occur for diffusio- and electrophoretic particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojdeh Heidari
- Department of Physics, Soft Matter at Interfaces, TU Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Franziska Jakob
- Department of Physics, Soft Matter at Interfaces, TU Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Benno Liebchen
- Department of Physics, Soft Matter Theory, TU Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Regine von Klitzing
- Department of Physics, Soft Matter at Interfaces, TU Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
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11
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Khoee S, Moayeri S, Charsooghi MA. Self-/Magnetic-Propelled Catalytic Nanomotors Based on a Janus SPION@PEG-Pt/PCL Hybrid Nanoarchitecture: Single-Particle versus Collective Motions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:10668-10682. [PMID: 34459607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we synthesized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (Fe3O4@APTES). The synthesized NPs were coated with succinic anhydride (Fe3O4@COOH) in the next step. Half the surface of the NPs was shielded with wax microparticles via the Pickering emulsion technique, and the unshielded side was covered with poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether. Platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) were deposited between PEG chains by the oxidation-reduction method through an in situ procedure to obtain a metal-polymer composite. These deposited Pt NPs have the potential to catalyze the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide at the surface of Janus nanomotors (JNMs). After de-waxing of the NPs, Irgacure 2959 (as the initiator) was reacted with the bare side of the NPs to provide the opportunity to grow poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) chains on the surface of the nanomotors through the "grafting from" method. The diffusion coefficient and velocity of the JNMs (before and after the PCL reaction) in the aqueous solution of 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10% (w/w) hydrogen peroxide and in the presence of different concentrations of NaCl solutions (0, 5, and 10% (w/v)) were investigated by mean square displacement analysis for single-particle or collective motions of JNMs. In addition, the simultaneous effect of an external magnetic field and the NaCl concentration on the movement direction of JNMs was also evaluated in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (10%). Increasing the ionic strength through NaCl addition permits the JNMs to move with relatively lower amounts of fuel [i.e., 2% (w/w)]. The collective motion investigation of the JNMs showed the highest speed in the media with 10% (w/w) hydrogen peroxide and 5% (w/v) NaCl solution (about 1215.78 μm2/s) due to the surfactant effect of the Janus architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Khoee
- Polymer Laboratory, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14155-6455, Iran
| | - Samaneh Moayeri
- Polymer Laboratory, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14155-6455, Iran
| | - Mohammad A Charsooghi
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
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12
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Khater A, Abdelrehim O, Mohammadi M, Mohamad A, Sanati-Nezhad A. Thermal droplet microfluidics: From biology to cooling technology. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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13
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Microgels self-assembly at liquid/liquid interface as stabilizers of emulsion: Past, present & future. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 287:102333. [PMID: 33360120 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The most recent developments on Pickering emulsions deal with the design of responsive emulsions able to undergo fast destabilization under the effect of an external stimulus. In this scenario, soft colloidal particles like microgels are considered novel class suitable emulsifiers. Microgels particles self-assemblies are highly deformable at interfaces covering higher surfaces than hard particles and their interfacial behavior strongly depends on external-stimuli. Microgels are very diverse owing to the large variety of them from the point of view of possible combinations of stimuli-responsiveness and different microstructures (crosslinking density and distribution). Herein, we illustrate the use of different types of responsive microgels not only from a structural point of view but also even from physical one. For that, the effect of different microgels parameters such as internal structure and charge density on mechanical properties of the interface will be discussed.
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14
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Bashir A, Ahad S, Malik LA, Qureashi A, Manzoor T, Dar GN, Pandith AH. Revisiting the Old and Golden Inorganic Material, Zirconium Phosphate: Synthesis, Intercalation, Surface Functionalization, and Metal Ion Uptake. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c04957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arshid Bashir
- Laboratory of Nanoscience and Quantum Computations, Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Sozia Ahad
- Laboratory of Nanoscience and Quantum Computations, Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Lateef Ahmad Malik
- Laboratory of Nanoscience and Quantum Computations, Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Aaliya Qureashi
- Laboratory of Nanoscience and Quantum Computations, Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Taniya Manzoor
- Laboratory of Nanoscience and Quantum Computations, Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Ghulam Nabi Dar
- Department of Physics, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Altaf Hussain Pandith
- Laboratory of Nanoscience and Quantum Computations, Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Kashmir 190006, India
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15
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Doherty RP, Varkevisser T, Teunisse M, Hoecht J, Ketzetzi S, Ouhajji S, Kraft DJ. Catalytically propelled 3D printed colloidal microswimmers. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:10463-10469. [PMID: 33057565 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01320j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic microswimmers are widely employed model systems in the studies of out-of-equilibrium phenomena. Unlike biological microswimmers which naturally occur in various shapes and forms, synthetic microswimmers have so far been limited almost exclusively to spherical shapes. Here, we exploit 3D printing to produce microswimmers with complex shapes in the colloidal size regime. We establish the flexibility of 3D printing by two-photon polymerisation to produce particles smaller than 10 microns with a high-degree of shape complexity. We further demonstrate that 3D printing allows control over the location of the active site through orienting the particles in different directions during printing. We verify that particles behave colloidally by imaging their motion in the passive and active states and by investigating their mean square displacement. In addition, we find that particles exhibit shape-dependant behavior, thereby demonstrating the potential of our method to launch a wide-range of in-depth studies into shape-dependent active motion and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel P Doherty
- Soft Matter Physics, Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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16
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Equilibrium Orientation and Adsorption of an Ellipsoidal Janus Particle at a Fluid–Fluid Interface. COLLOIDS AND INTERFACES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids4040055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the equilibrium orientation and adsorption process of a single, ellipsoidal Janus particle at a fluid–fluid interface. The particle surface comprises equally sized parts that are hydrophobic or hydrophilic. We present free energy models to predict the equilibrium orientation and compare the theoretical predictions with lattice Boltzmann simulations. We find that the deformation of the fluid interface strongly influences the equilibrium orientation of the Janus ellipsoid. The adsorption process of the Janus ellipsoid can lead to different final orientations determined by the interplay of particle aspect ratio and particle wettablity contrast.
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17
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Saad S, Kaur H, Natale G. Scalable Chemical Synthesis Route to Manufacture pH-Responsive Janus CaCO 3 Micromotors. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:12590-12600. [PMID: 33054231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A cost-effective scalable chemical route to produce pH-responsive active colloids (ACs) is developed here. For the first time, calcium carbonate particles are half-coated with a silica layer via Pickering emulsion methodology. This methodology allows to create anisotropy on the particles' surfaces and benefit from the decomposition of the calcium carbonate in acidic media to generate self-propulsion. The coupling between the self-diffusiophoretic motion of these ACs and acid concentrations is experimentally investigated in Newtonian media via optical microscopy. With increasing hydrogen-ion concentrations, the pH-responsive colloids experience higher mean-square displacements because of self-propulsion velocities and enhanced long-time diffusivities. Because they are biocompatible and environmentally friendly, these ACs constitute a platform for advanced diagnostics, targeted drug delivery, and water/soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabab Saad
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Harsovin Kaur
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Giovanniantonio Natale
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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18
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Landry B, Girgis V, Gibbs JG. Controlling the Speed of Light-Activated Colloids with a Constant, Uniform Magnetic Field. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2003375. [PMID: 32761789 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202003375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
It is demonstrated how the strength of activation for photocatalytic, self-propelled colloids can be enhanced with a constant, uniform magnetic field. When exposed to ultraviolet light and hydrogen peroxide, the titanium dioxide-based colloids become actively propelled. Due to the iron oxide core, a uniform field oriented perpendicular to the surface where motion takes place causes the asymmetrically shaped particles to rotate, which consequently leads to an increase in activity. The field-dependent dynamics of self-propulsion is quantified, and a qualitative description of how this effect arises is proposed. Since the application of the field is easily reversible, modulating the field on-and-off serves as a de facto "switch" that controls particle behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad Landry
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Victoria Girgis
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - John G Gibbs
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
- Center for Materials Interfaces in Research and Applications, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
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Chen K, Hu X, Zhu N, Guo K. Design, Synthesis, and Self-Assembly of Janus Bottlebrush Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000357. [PMID: 32844547 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Janus bottlebrush polymers are a class of special molecular brushes, which have two immiscible side chains on the repeating unit of the backbone. The characteristic architectures of Janus bottlebrush polymers enable unique self-assembly properties and broad applications. Recently, remarkable advances of Janus bottlebrush polymers have been achieved for polymer chemistry and material science. This review summarizes the synthetic strategies of Janus bottlebrush polymers, and highlights the self-assembly applications. Finally, the challenges and opportunities are proposed for the further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerui Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 S. Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211800, China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 S. Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211800, China
| | - Xin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 S. Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211800, China.,College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 S. Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211800, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 S. Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211800, China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 S. Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211800, China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 S. Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211800, China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 S. Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211800, China
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20
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Mazur F, Fernández-Medina M, Gal N, Hovorka O, Chandrawati R, Städler B. Locomotion of Micromotors Due to Liposome Disintegration. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:7056-7065. [PMID: 32097021 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic micromotors are evaluated extensively in a range of biomedical, microscale transport, and environmental applications. Fundamental insight into micromotors that exhibit locomotion due to triggered disintegration of their associated liposomes is provided. Directed self-propulsion is observed when the lipid vesicles are solubilized using Triton X-100 (TX) and bile at sufficiently high concentrations. Directional motion, initiated by a propagating TX or bile gradient, is found when using a sufficiently high concentration of solubilization agents. On the other hand, a low bile concentration results in short-term reverse directional motion. The experimental and theoretical considerations offer valid fundamental understanding to complement the list of explored locomotion mechanisms for micromotors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Mazur
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), The University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Marina Fernández-Medina
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Noga Gal
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ondrej Hovorka
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, SO16 7QF Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Rona Chandrawati
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), The University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Brigitte Städler
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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21
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Lv H, Xing Y, Du X, Xu T, Zhang X. Construction of dendritic Janus nanomotors with H 2O 2 and NIR light dual-propulsion via a Pickering emulsion. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:4961-4968. [PMID: 32432292 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00552e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Artificial micro/nanomotors with a dual-propulsion property have attracted considerable attention recently due to their attractive performances in complex fluidic environments. In this work, we successfully constructed Janus nanomotors with H2O2 and NIR light dual-propulsion by employing dendritic porous silica nanoparticles (DPSNs) as carriers via a Pickering emulsion and electrostatic self-assembly. The aminopropyl-modified DPSNs (DPSNs-NH2) with positive charge were semiburied in paraffin wax microparticles in order to achieve electrostatic adsorption of Pt nanoparticles (NPs) with negative charge on the exposed surface for H2O2 propulsion, followed by electrostatic adsorption of negatively charged CuS NPs with excellent NIR light absorption on the other exposed surface of the eluted DPSNs-NH2@Pt for NIR light propulsion. Center-radial large mesopores facilitate the high density loading of Pt NPs and CuS NPs for efficient propulsion. Compared with the commonly used sputtering approach, this Pickering emulsion method can realize relatively large-scale fabrication of Janus NPs. DPSNs-NH2@Pt@CuS Janus nanomotors can be effectively driven not only by self-diffusiophoresis, which results from the decomposition of H2O2 catalyzed by Pt NPs, but also by self-thermophoresis, which is generated from thermal gradients caused by the photothermal effect of CuS NPs. Moreover, the motion speed of the nanomotors can be conveniently modulated by regulating the H2O2 concentration and NIR light intensity. This work provides a novel exploration into the construction of dual-propulsion nanomotors, which are supposed to have significant potential in biomedical and intelligent device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozheng Lv
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Department of Chemistry & Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China.
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22
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Wang W, Lv X, Moran JL, Duan S, Zhou C. A practical guide to active colloids: choosing synthetic model systems for soft matter physics research. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:3846-3868. [PMID: 32285071 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00222d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic active colloids that harvest energy stored in the environment and swim autonomously are a popular model system for active matter. This emerging field of research sits at the intersection of materials chemistry, soft matter physics, and engineering, and thus cross-talk among researchers from different backgrounds becomes critical yet difficult. To facilitate this interdisciplinary communication, and to help soft matter physicists with choosing the best model system for their research, we here present a tutorial review article that describes, in appropriate detail, six experimental systems of active colloids commonly found in the physics literature. For each type, we introduce their background, material synthesis and operating mechanisms and notable studies from the soft matter community, and comment on their respective advantages and limitations. In addition, the main features of each type of active colloid are summarized into two useful tables. As materials chemists and engineers, we intend for this article to serve as a practical guide, so those who are not familiar with the experimental aspects of active colloids can make more informed decisions and maximize their creativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China.
| | - Xianglong Lv
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jeffrey L Moran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, USA
| | - Shifang Duan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China.
| | - Chao Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China.
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23
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Campbell AI, Ebbens SJ, Illien P, Golestanian R. Experimental observation of flow fields around active Janus spheres. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3952. [PMID: 31477703 PMCID: PMC6718378 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11842-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The phoretic mechanisms at stake in the propulsion of asymmetric colloids have been the subject of debates during the past years. In particular, the importance of electrokinetic effects on the motility of Pt-PS Janus sphere was recently discussed. Here, we probe the hydrodynamic flow field around a catalytically active colloid using particle tracking velocimetry both in the freely swimming state and when kept stationary with an external force. Our measurements provide information about the fluid velocity in the vicinity of the surface of the colloid, and confirm a mechanism for propulsion that was proposed recently. In addition to offering a unified understanding of the nonequilibrium interfacial transport processes at stake, our results open the way to a thorough description of the hydrodynamic interactions between such active particles and understanding their collective dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew I Campbell
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Stephen J Ebbens
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
| | - Pierre Illien
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire PHENIX, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Ramin Golestanian
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPIDS), 37077, Göttingen, Germany. .,Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK.
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24
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Self-assembled heteromorphous raspberry-like colloidal particles from Pickering-like emulsion polymerization. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Ghosh SK, Böker A. Self‐Assembly of Nanoparticles in 2D and 3D: Recent Advances and Future Trends. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Böker
- Fraunhofer‐Institut für Angewandte Polymerforschung Geiselbergstraβe 69 14476 Potsdam‐Golm Germany
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26
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Zhou D, Gao Y, Liu H, Zhang G, Li L. Light‐Induced Patterned Self‐Assembly Behavior of Isotropic Semiconductor Nanomotors. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:2445-2449. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dekai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures ManufacturingHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang 150001 China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures ManufacturingHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang 150001 China
| | - He Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures ManufacturingHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang 150001 China
- Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & DevelopmentPetroChina Beijing 100083 China
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures ManufacturingHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang 150001 China
| | - Longqiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures ManufacturingHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang 150001 China
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27
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Xing Y, Pan Q, Du X, Xu T, He Y, Zhang X. Dendritic Janus Nanomotors with Precisely Modulated Coverages and Their Effects on Propulsion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:10426-10433. [PMID: 30785260 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b22612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric dual-function Janus micro-/nanoparticles (NPs) that have different surface modifications, structures, or material properties are extremely promising as building blocks in constructing micro-/nanomotors. However, current synthesis strategies make it usually difficult to precisely control the percentages of coverages of Janus micro-/NPs, which hinders in-depth research studies of their effects on the performance of Janus nanomotors. This study demonstrates a versatile approach for fabrication of Janus dendritic porous silica nanomotors with precisely modulated coverages from 0 to 100% by controlling the embedded depth of aminopropyl-modified dendritic porous silica NPs (DPSNs-NH2) with positive charges and subsequently adsorbing the oppositely charged Pt NPs. The diffusion coefficients of DPSNs-NH2 with different coverages of Pt NPs are systematically investigated. The propulsion can be enhanced by the improvement of catalytic activity of DPSNs, and half-coated DPSNs-NH2 exhibit highest propulsion among DPSNs-NH2 with other coverages. More importantly, compared with solid silica nanospheres, the initial increase of the coverage of DPSNs-NH2 makes more enhancements to the motion performance, which can be used to optimize the relations between the propulsion velocity and loading efficiency of bovine serum albumin. This work paves the way to fabricate tunable multifunctional Janus micro-/nanomotors for future advanced devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xing
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Department of Chemistry & Biological Engineering , University of Science & Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
| | - Qi Pan
- Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Xin Du
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Department of Chemistry & Biological Engineering , University of Science & Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
| | - Tailin Xu
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Department of Chemistry & Biological Engineering , University of Science & Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Department of Chemistry & Biological Engineering , University of Science & Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
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28
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Choudhury U, Singh DP, Qiu T, Fischer P. Chemical Nanomotors at the Gram Scale Form a Dense Active Optorheological Medium. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1807382. [PMID: 30697826 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201807382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The rheological properties of a colloidal suspension are a function of the concentration of the colloids and their interactions. While suspensions of passive colloids are well studied and have been shown to form crystals, gels, and glasses, examples of energy-consuming "active" colloidal suspensions are still largely unexplored. Active suspensions of biological matter, such as motile bacteria or dense mixtures of active actin-motor-protein mixtures have, respectively, reveals superfluid-like and gel-like states. Attractive inanimate systems for active matter are chemically self-propelled particles. It has so far been challenging to use these swimming particles at high enough densities to affect the bulk material properties of the suspension. Here, it is shown that light-triggered asymmetric titanium dioxide that self-propel, can be obtained in large quantities, and self-organize to make a gram-scale active medium. The suspension shows an activity-dependent tenfold reversible change in its bulk viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udit Choudhury
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Zernicke Institute of Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dhruv P Singh
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tian Qiu
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peer Fischer
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Pfaffenwaldring 55, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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29
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Xiao Z, Wei M, Wang W. A Review of Micromotors in Confinements: Pores, Channels, Grooves, Steps, Interfaces, Chains, and Swimming in the Bulk. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:6667-6684. [PMID: 30562451 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b13103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
One of the recent frontiers of nanotechnology research involves machines that operate at nano- and microscales, also known as nano/micromotors. Their potential applications in biomedicine, environmental sciences and engineering, military and defense industries, self-assembly, and many other areas have fueled an intense interest in this topic over the last 15 years. Despite deepened understanding of their propulsion mechanisms, we are still in the early days of exploring the dynamics of micromotors in complex and more realistic environments. Confinements, as a typical example of complex environments, are extremely relevant to the applications of micromotors, which are expected to travel in mucus gels, blood vessels, reproductive and digestive tracts, microfluidic chips, and capillary tubes. In this review, we summarize and critically examine recent studies (mostly experimental ones) of micromotor dynamics in confinements in 3D (spheres and porous network, channels, grooves, steps, and obstacles), 2D (liquid-liquid, liquid-solid, and liquid-air interfaces), and 1D (chains). In addition, studies of micromotors moving in the bulk solution and the usefulness of acoustic levitation is discussed. At the end of this article, we summarize how confinements can affect micromotors and offer our insights on future research directions. This review article is relevant to readers who are interested in the interactions of materials with interfaces and structures at the microscale and helpful for the design of smart and multifunctional materials for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuyao Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , China
| | - Mengshi Wei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , China
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30
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Ebbens SJ, Gregory DA. Catalytic Janus Colloids: Controlling Trajectories of Chemical Microswimmers. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:1931-1939. [PMID: 30070110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic Janus colloids produce rapid motion in fluids by decomposing dissolved fuel. There is great potential to exploit these "autonomous chemical swimmers" in applications currently performed by diffusion limited passive colloids. Key application areas for colloids include transporting active ingredients for drug delivery, gathering analytes for medical diagnostics, and self-assembling into regular structures used for photonic materials and lithographic templating. For drug delivery and medical diagnostics, controlling colloidal motion is key in order to target therapies, and transport analytes through lab-on-a-chip devices. Here, the autonomous motion of catalytic Janus colloids can remove the current requirements to induce and control colloid motion using external fields, thereby reducing the technological complexity required for medical therapies and diagnostics. For materials applications exploiting colloidal self-assembly, the additional interactions introduced by catalytic activity and rapid motion are predicted to allow access to new reconfigurable and responsive structures. In order to realize these goals, it is vital to develop methods to control both individual colloidal paths and collective behavior in motile catalytic colloidal systems. However, catalytic Janus colloids' trajectories are randomized by Brownian effects, and so require new strategies in order to be harnessed for transport. This is achievable using a variety of different approaches. For example, self-assembly and control of catalyst geometry can introduce controlled amounts of rotary motion, or "spin" into chemical swimmer trajectories. Furthermore, rotary motion combined with gravity, produces well-defined orientated helical trajectories. In addition, when catalytic colloids interact with topographical features, such as edges and trenches, they are steered. This gives rise to a new approach for autonomous colloidal microfluidic transport that could be deployed in future lab-on-a-chip devices. Chemical gradients can also influence the motion of catalytic Janus colloids, for example, to cause collective accumulations at specific locations. However, at present, the predicted theoretical degree of control over this phenomenon has not been fully verified in experimental systems. Collective behavior control for chemical swimmers is also possible by exploiting the potential for the complex interactions in these systems to allow access to self-assembled, dynamic and reconfigurable ordered structures. Again, current experiments have not yet accessed the breadth of possible behavior. Consequently, continued efforts are required to understand and control these interaction mechanisms in real world systems. Ultimately, this will help realize the use of catalytic Janus colloids for tasks that require well-controlled motion and structural organization, enabling functions such as analyte capture and concentration, or targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Ebbens
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin St, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - David Alexander Gregory
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin St, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
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Pourrahimi AM, Pumera M. Multifunctional and self-propelled spherical Janus nano/micromotors: recent advances. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:16398-16415. [PMID: 30178795 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr05196h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in autonomous self-propelled multifunctional Janus nano/micromotors, which are able to convert chemical or light energy into mechanical motion, is presented. This technology of moving micro- and nanodevices is at the forefront of materials research and is a promising and growing technology with the possibility of using these motors in both biomedical and environmental applications. The development of novel multifunctional Janus motors together with their motion mechanisms is discussed. Different preparation and synthesis routes are compared. The effects of the size, interfacial structures and porosity on the directional motion and the speed of Janus micromotors are discussed. For light-derived Janus micromotors, newly developed techniques that are able to observe directly the interfaces' charge distribution on a nanometer scale are presented in order to clarify the underlying electrophoresis motion mechanism. This review aims to encourage further research in the field of micromotors using new and facile methodologies for obtaining novel Janus motors with enhanced motion and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Masoud Pourrahimi
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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Tang EM, Underhill PT. Examination of the Statistical Effects Associated with Tracking Propulsive Particles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:10694-10701. [PMID: 30109937 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Particle tracking of active colloidal particles can be used to compute mean-squared displacements that are fit to extract properties of the particles including the propulsive speed. Statistical errors in the mean-squared displacement leads to errors in the extracted properties especially for more weakly propelling particles. Brownian dynamics simulations in which the particle parameters are prescribed were used to examine the statistics of tracking self-propelling objects. It was found that the manner in which tracking data is analyzed has a profound impact on the precision and accuracy of measurements. To properly extract particle parameters, it was necessary to apply a nonlinear fit of the mean-squared displacement over a time region that includes transition behavior from ballistic to diffusive. The dependence of the statistics on the number of particles tracked and the length of movies was examined, showing how and why weakly propelling particles are difficult to analyze.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund M Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , 110 8th Street , Troy , New York 12180 , United States
| | - Patrick T Underhill
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , 110 8th Street , Troy , New York 12180 , United States
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33
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O'Neel-Judy É, Nicholls D, Castañeda J, Gibbs JG. Light-Activated, Multi-Semiconductor Hybrid Microswimmers. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1801860. [PMID: 29995334 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201801860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Using a dynamic fabrication process, hybrid, photoactivated microswimmers made from two different semiconductors, titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) and cuprous oxide (Cu2 O) are developed, where each material occupies a distinct portion of the multiconstituent particles. Structured light-activated microswimmers made from only TiO2 or Cu2 O are observed to be driven in hydrogen peroxide and water most vigorously under UV or blue light, respectively, whereas hybrid structures made from both of these materials exhibit wavelength-dependent modes of motion due to the disparate responses of each photocatalyst. It is also found that the hybrid particles are activated in water alone, a behavior which is not observed in those made from a single semiconductor, and thus, the system may open up a new class of fuel-free photoactive colloids that take advantage of semiconductor heterojunctions. The TiO2 /Cu2 O hybrid microswimmer presented here is but an example of a broader method for inducing different modes of motion in a single light-activated particle, which is not limited to the specific geometries and materials presented in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Étude O'Neel-Judy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Dylan Nicholls
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - John Castañeda
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - John G Gibbs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
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Zhou D, Gao Y, Yang J, Li YC, Shao G, Zhang G, Li T, Li L. Light-Ultrasound Driven Collective "Firework" Behavior of Nanomotors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1800122. [PMID: 30027044 PMCID: PMC6051403 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
It is of great interest and big challenge to control the collective behaviors of nanomotors to mimic the aggregation/separation behavior of biological systems. Here, a light-acoustic combined method is proposed to control the aggregation/separation of artificial nanomotors. It is shown that nanomotors aggregate at the pressure node in acoustic field and afterward present a collective "firework" separation behavior induced by light irradiation. The collective behavior is found to be applicable for metallic materials and polymers even different light wavelengths are used. Physical insights on the collective firework behavior resulting from the change of acoustic streaming caused by optical force are provided. It is found that diffusion velocity and diffusion region of cluster can be controlled by adjusting light intensity and acoustic excitation voltage, and irradiation direction, respectively. This harmless, controllable, and widely applicable method provides new possibilities for groups of nanomachines, drug release, and cargo transport in nanomedicine and nanosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dekai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures ManufacturingHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbinHeilongjiang150001China
- School of Mechatronics EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China
- Department of ChemistryThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Yuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures ManufacturingHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbinHeilongjiang150001China
- School of Mechatronics EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China
| | - Junjie Yang
- School of Mechatronics EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China
| | - Yuguang C. Li
- Department of ChemistryThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Guangbin Shao
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures ManufacturingHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbinHeilongjiang150001China
- School of Mechatronics EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- School of Mechatronics EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China
| | - Tianlong Li
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures ManufacturingHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbinHeilongjiang150001China
- School of Mechatronics EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China
| | - Longqiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures ManufacturingHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbinHeilongjiang150001China
- School of Mechatronics EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China
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