1
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Wu Z, Bergmann K, Hudson ZM. Dopants Induce Persistent Room Temperature Phosphorescence in Triarylamine Boronate Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319089. [PMID: 38277401 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Purely organic materials exhibiting room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) are promising candidates for oxygen sensors and information encryption owing to their cost-effective and environmentally friendly nature. Herein, we report a bimolecular RTP system where DTBU acts as the guest and TBBU serves as the host. In contrast to previously reported results, we find that both pure DTBU and TBBU do not exhibit RTP in the solid state even under N2 atmosphere. A DTBU/TBBU system with a low doping ratio (0.1 mol %) exhibits persistent yellowish-green afterglow with a lifetime of 340 ms and is highly sensitive to oxygen. A DTBU/TBBU system with a higher doping ratio (10 mol %) maintains a phosphorescence lifetime of 179 ms under air. Applications of DTBU/TBBU at varied doping ratios in both oxygen sensing and information encryption are demonstrated. We propose that the T1 state of TBBU acts as an energy transfer intermediate between Tn and T1 of DTBU, ultimately leading to the generation of persistent RTP. Overall, this work demonstrates the critical importance of material purity in the design of RTP systems, and how an understanding of host-guest doping enables their photophysical properties to be precisely tuned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Katrina Bergmann
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zachary M Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, British Columbia, Canada
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2
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Ma J, Dou J, Xu N, Wang G, Duan Y, Liao Y, Yi Y, Geng H. Intermolecular donor-acceptor stacking to suppress triplet exciton diffusion for long-persistent organic room-temperature phosphorescence. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:084708. [PMID: 38421074 DOI: 10.1063/5.0192376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Controlling triplet states is crucial to improve the efficiency and lifetime of organic room temperature phosphorescence (ORTP). Although the intrinsic factors from intramolecular radiative and non-radiative decay have been intensively investigated, the extrinsic factors that affect triplet exciton quenching are rarely reported. Diffusion to the defect sites inside the crystal or at the crystal surface may bring about quenching of triplet exciton. Here, the phosphorescence lifetime is found to have a negative correlation with the triplet exciton diffusion coefficient based on the density functional theory (DFT)/time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations on a series of ORTP materials. For systems with a weak charge transfer (CT) characteristic, close π-π stacking will lead to strong triplet coupling and fast triplet exciton diffusion in most cases, which is detrimental to the phosphorescence lifetime. Notably, for intramolcular donor-acceptor (D-A) type systems with a CT characteristic, intermolecular D-A stacking results in ultra-small triplet coupling, thus contributing to slow triplet diffusion and long phosphorescence lifetime. These findings shed some light on molecular design toward high-efficiency long persistent ORTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jiawen Dou
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Nuo Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Guo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yuai Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yi Liao
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hua Geng
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
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3
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Yang X, Wang S, Sun K, Liu H, Ma M, Zhang ST, Yang B. A Heavy-atom-free Molecular Motif Based on Symmetric Bird-like Structured Tetraphenylenes with Room-Temperature Phosphorescence (RTP) Afterglow over 8 s. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306475. [PMID: 37367201 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, pure organic room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) with highly efficient and long-persistent afterglow has drawn substantial awareness. Commonly, spin-orbit coupling can be improved by introducing heavy atoms into pure-organic molecules. However, this strategy will simultaneously increase the radiative and non-radiative transition rate, further resulting in dramatic decreases in the excited state lifetime and afterglow duration. Here in this work, a highly symmetric bird-like structure tetraphenylene (TeP), and its three symmetrical halogenated derivatives (TeP-F, TeP-Cl and TeP-Br) are synthesized, while their RTP properties and mechanisms are systematically investigated by both theoretical and experimental approaches. As the results, the rigid, highly twisted conformation of TeP restricts the non-radiative processes of RTP and gives rise to the enhancement of electron-exchange, which can contribute to the RTP radiation process. Despite the faint RTP of the bromine and chlorine-substituted ones (TeP-Br, TeP-Cl), the fluoro-substituted TeP-F exhibited a long phosphorescent lifetime up to 890 ms, corresponding to an extremely long RTP afterglow over 8 s, which could be incorporated into the best series of non-heavy-atom RTP materials reported in previous literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 (P. R. China)
| | - Shiyin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 (P. R. China)
| | - Ke Sun
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 4089 Shahe West Road, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Haichao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 (P. R. China)
| | - Ming Ma
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 (P. R. China)
| | - Bing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 (P. R. China)
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4
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Dynamic Manipulating Space‐Resolved Persistent Luminescence in Core–Shell MOFs Heterostructures via Reversible Photochromism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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5
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Ma YJ, Fang X, Xiao G, Yan D. Dynamic Manipulating Space-Resolved Persistent Luminescence in Core-Shell MOFs Heterostructures via Reversible Photochromism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202114100. [PMID: 34747088 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Photo-controllable persistent luminescence at the single crystal level can be achieved by the integration of long-lived room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and photochromism within metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for the first time. Moreover, the multiblock core-shell heterojunctions have been prepared utilizing the isostructural MOFs through an epitaxial growth process, in which the shell exhibits bright yellow afterglow emission that gradually disappears upon further irradiation, but the core does not show such property. Benefitting from combined persistent luminescence and photochromic behavior, a multiple encryption demo can be facilely designed based on the dynamic manipulating RTP via reversible photochromism. This work not only develops new types of dynamically photo-controllable afterglow switch, but also provides a method to obtain MOFs-based optical heterojunctions towards potential space/time-resolved information encryption and anti-counterfeiting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Juan Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Fang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Guowei Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Dongpeng Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
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6
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Qiu W, Cai X, Li M, Chen Z, Wang L, Xie W, Liu K, Liu M, Su SJ. Achieving Purely Organic Room-Temperature Phosphorescence Mediated by a Host-Guest Charge Transfer State. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:4600-4608. [PMID: 33971716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Strategies for developing purely organic materials exhibiting both high efficiency and persistent room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) have remained ambiguous and challenging. Herein, we propose that introducing an intermediate charge transfer (CT) state into the donor-acceptor binary molecular system holds promise for accomplishing this goal. Guest materials showing gradient ionization potentials were selected to fine-tune the intermolecularly formed CT state when doped into the same host material with a large electron affiliation potential. Such a CT intermediate state accelerates the population of the triplet exciton to benefit phosphorescent emission and decreases the phosphorescence lifetime via quenching the long-lived triplet excitons. As a result, a "trade-off" between a long phosphorescence lifetime (595 ms) and a high phosphorescent quantum yield (27.5%) can be obtained by tuning the host-guest energy gap offset. This finding highlights the key role of CT in RTP emission and provides new guidance for developing novel RTP systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Mengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Zijian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Liangying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Wentao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Kunkun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, P. R. China
- South China Institute of Collaborative Innovation, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, P. R. China
- TCL China Star Optoelectronics Technology Company, Ltd., Shenzhen 518132, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Jian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, P. R. China
- South China Institute of Collaborative Innovation, Dongguan 523808, China
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7
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Hirata S, Bhattacharjee I. Vibrational Radiationless Transition from Triplet States of Chromophores at Room Temperature. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:885-894. [PMID: 33467853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c09410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The radiationless transition rate based on intramolecular vibrations from the lowest excited triplet state (T1) at room temperature [knr(RT)] is crucial for triplet energy harvesting in optoelectronics and photonics applications. Although a decrease of knr(RT) of chromophores with strong intermolecular interactions is often proposed, scientific evidence for this has not been reported. Here we report a method to predict knr(RT). We optically estimated knr(RT) of various molecularly dispersed chromophores with a variety of transition characteristics from T1 to the ground state (S0) under appropriate inert liquid or solid host conditions. Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) without considering molecular vibrations was not correlated with the estimated knr(RT). However, the estimated knr(RT) was strongly correlated with a multiplication of SOC considering vibrations freely allowed at room temperature and the Franck-Condon factor. This correlation revealed that knr(RT) of many heavy-atom-free chromophores with a visible T1-S0 transition energy and local excited T1-S0 transition characteristics is intrinsically less than 100 s-1 even when vibrations freely occur. This information will assist researchers to appropriately design materials without limitations regarding intermolecular interactions to control T1 lifetime at room temperature and facilitate triplet energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzo Hirata
- Department of Engineering Science and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Indranil Bhattacharjee
- Department of Engineering Science and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
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8
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Nakamura S, Tsuboi M, Taniguchi T, Nishii Y, Tohnai N, Miura M. Room Temperature Phosphorescent Crystals Consisting of Cyclized Guests and Their Uncyclized Mother Host Molecules. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Nakamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Madoka Tsuboi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Taisei Taniguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishii
- Frontier Research Base for Global Young Researchers, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Tohnai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Miura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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9
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Bhattacharjee I, Hirata S. Highly Efficient Persistent Room-Temperature Phosphorescence from Heavy Atom-Free Molecules Triggered by Hidden Long Phosphorescent Antenna. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2001348. [PMID: 32596857 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Persistent (lifetime > 100 ms) room-temperature phosphorescence (pRTP) is important for state-of-the-art security and bioimaging applications. An unclear relationship between chromophores and physical parameters relating to pRTP has prevented obtaining an RTP yield of over 50% and a lifetime over 1 s. Here highly efficient pRTP is reported under ambient conditions from heavy atom-free chromophores. A heavy atom-free aromatic core substituted with a long-conjugated amino group considerably accelerates the phosphorescence rate independent of the intramolecular vibration-based nonradiative rate from the lowest excited triplet state. One of the designed heavy atom-free dopant chromophores presents an RTP yield of 50% with a lifetime of 1 s under ambient conditions. The afterglow brightness under strong excitation is at least 104 times stronger than that of conventional long-persistent luminescence emitters. Here it is shown that highly efficient pRTP materials allow for high-resolution gated emission with a size of the diffraction limit using small-scale and low-cost photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Bhattacharjee
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Shuzo Hirata
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan
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10
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Wang Y, Yang J, Tian Y, Fang M, Liao Q, Wang L, Hu W, Tang BZ, Li Z. Persistent organic room temperature phosphorescence: what is the role of molecular dimers? Chem Sci 2019; 11:833-838. [PMID: 34123059 PMCID: PMC8146318 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04632a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular dimers have been frequently found to play an important role in room temperature phosphorescence (RTP), but its inherent working mechanism has remained unclear. Herein a series of unique characteristics, including singlet excimer emission and thermally activated delayed fluorescence, were successfully integrated into a new RTP luminogen of CS-2COOCH3 to clearly reveal the excited-state process of RTP and the special role of molecular dimers in persistent RTP emission. The first purely organic room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) luminogen, with singlet excimer emission and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) effect, was successfully developed. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsheng Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Jie Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yu Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Manman Fang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Qiuyan Liao
- Department of Chemistry, Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Liwei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China .,Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong
| | - Zhen Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China .,Department of Chemistry, Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China .,Joint School of National University of Singapore, Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
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