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Park JM, Choi SH, Lee ES, Gum SI, Hong S, Kim DS, Han MH, Lee SH, Oh JW. High-Speed Clearing and High-Resolution Staining for Analysis of Various Markers for Neurons and Vessels. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2024; 21:1037-1048. [PMID: 38955906 PMCID: PMC11416450 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-024-00658-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue clearing enables deep imaging in various tissues by increasing the transparency of tissues, but there were limitations of immunostaining of the large-volume tissues such as the whole brain. METHODS Here, we cleared and immune-stained whole mouse brain tissues using a novel clearing technique termed high-speed clearing and high-resolution staining (HCHS). We observed neural structures within the cleared brains using both a confocal microscope and a light-sheet fluorescence microscope (LSFM). The reconstructed 3D images were analyzed using a computational reconstruction algorithm. RESULTS Various neural structures were well observed in three-dimensional (3D) images of the cleared brains from Gad-green fluorescent protein (GFP) mice and Thy 1-yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) mice. The intrinsic fluorescence signals of both transgenic mice were preserved after HCHS. In addition, large-scale 3D imaging of brains, immune-stained by the HCHS method using a mild detergent-based solution, allowed for the global topological analysis of several neuronal markers such as c-Fos, neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN), Microtubule-associated protein 2 (Map2), Tuj1, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in various anatomical regions in the whole mouse brain tissues. Finally, through comparisons with various existing tissue clearing methodologies such as CUBIC, Visikol, and 3DISCO, it was confirmed that the HCHS methodology results in relatively less tissue deformation and higher fluorescence retention. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the development of 3D imaging based on novel tissue-clearing techniques (HCHS) will enable detailed spatial analysis of neural and vascular networks present within the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Park
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seock Hwan Choi
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Shil Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering Research, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sungkuk Hong
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Binaree, Inc., Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Sun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Hoon Han
- Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Soung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Won Oh
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Ouyang Q, Qin R, Li Q, Huang P, Lin C, Xu Q, Quan W, Fang F, Zhu Y, Liao J, Wu K. A novel m-xylylene-diamine/glucose based-supramolecular eutectogels with tissue clearing for three dimensional histological imaging. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 245:114262. [PMID: 39303383 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogel-based tissue clearing technologies have shown significant promise for deep-tissue imaging and subcellular-level optical 3D reconstruction of whole organs. This study proposes a novel approach utilizing a deep eutectic solvent (DES) formulated with glucose and m-xylylene-diamine (MXDA) to create a highly efficient tissue-clearing hydrogel system named the passive hydrogel clearing system (PHCS). PHCS achieved efficient tissue clearing through a single-step tissue gelation process. The resulting hydrogel-tissue complex exhibited thermoreversible properties, transitioning into a sol state upon heating and vice versa upon cooling. Notably, PHCS enabled media embedding, facilitating immunofluorescence histopathology. Additionally, the system demonstrated compatibility with various fluorescent probes, particularly lipophilic dyes. Our study successfully employed PHCS for the reconstruction of vascular structures within the intestine, enabling the generation of a 3D pathology model. These findings suggest that PHCS is a promising novel method for fabricating hydrogels for tissue clearing and holds great potential for application as a mounting medium for morphological imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Ouyang
- The second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institution, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, PR China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524023, PR China
| | - Ruixiu Qin
- Marine Biomedical Research Institution, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, PR China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524023, PR China
| | - Qian Li
- Marine Biomedical Research Institution, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, PR China
| | - Peixin Huang
- Marine Biomedical Research Institution, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, PR China
| | - Changmei Lin
- Marine Biomedical Research Institution, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, PR China
| | - Qingbao Xu
- Marine Biomedical Research Institution, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, PR China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524023, PR China
| | - Weiyan Quan
- Marine Biomedical Research Institution, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, PR China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524023, PR China
| | - Fang Fang
- The second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhu
- Marine Biomedical Research Institution, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, PR China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524023, PR China
| | - Jing Liao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524002, PR China.
| | - Kefeng Wu
- The second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institution, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, PR China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524023, PR China.
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Zhu D, Tuchin V. Tissue Optical Clearing Imaging from Ex vivo toward In vivo. BME FRONTIERS 2024; 5:0058. [PMID: 39268018 PMCID: PMC11391214 DOI: 10.34133/bmef.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics-MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Valery Tuchin
- Institute of Physics and Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, Saratov 410012, Russian Federation
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
- Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control, FRS "Saratov Scientific Centre of the RAS", Saratov 410028, Russian Federation
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Chen A, Volpato G, Pong A, Schofield E, Huang J, Qiu Z, Paxinos G, Liang H. The Blood-Brain Barrier in Both Humans and Rats: A Perspective From 3D Imaging. Int J Biomed Imaging 2024; 2024:4482931. [PMID: 39224835 PMCID: PMC11368551 DOI: 10.1155/2024/4482931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is part of the neurovascular unit (NVU) which plays a key role in maintaining homeostasis. However, its 3D structure is hardly known. The present study is aimed at imaging the BBB using tissue clearing and 3D imaging techniques in both human brain tissue and rat brain tissue. Methods: Both human and rat brain tissue were cleared using the CUBIC technique and imaged with either a confocal or two-photon microscope. Image stacks were reconstructed using Imaris. Results: Double staining with various antibodies targeting endothelial cells, basal membrane, pericytes of blood vessels, microglial cells, and the spatial relationship between astrocytes and blood vessels showed that endothelial cells do not evenly express CD31 and Glut1 transporter in the human brain. Astrocytes covered only a small portion of the vessels as shown by the overlap between GFAP-positive astrocytes and Collagen IV/CD31-positive endothelial cells as well as between GFAP-positive astrocytes and CD146-positive pericytes, leaving a big gap between their end feet. A similar structure was observed in the rat brain. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated the 3D structure of both the human and rat BBB, which is discrepant from the 2D one. Tissue clearing and 3D imaging are promising techniques to answer more questions about the real structure of biological specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiwen Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineShanghai Fourth People's HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji University, Shanghai, China
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like IntelligenceShanghai Fourth People's HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineShanghai Fourth People's HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of AcupunctureShuguang HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gavin Volpato
- Department of Brain Structure and FunctionNeuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical SciencesThe University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alice Pong
- Department of Brain Structure and FunctionNeuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical SciencesThe University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma Schofield
- Department of Brain Structure and FunctionNeuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical SciencesThe University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jun Huang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zizhao Qiu
- Centre of Life ScienceSuzhou Industrial Park Monash Research Institute of Science and TechnologySoutheast University-Monash University Joint Graduate SchoolMonash University-Southeast University Joint Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - George Paxinos
- Department of Brain Structure and FunctionNeuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical SciencesThe University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Huazheng Liang
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like IntelligenceShanghai Fourth People's HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Brain Structure and FunctionNeuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre of Life ScienceSuzhou Industrial Park Monash Research Institute of Science and TechnologySoutheast University-Monash University Joint Graduate SchoolMonash University-Southeast University Joint Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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5
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Mino T, Nonaka H, Hamachi I. Molecular anchoring and fluorescent labeling in animals compatible with tissue clearing for 3D imaging. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2024; 81:102474. [PMID: 38838505 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.102474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Analyzing the quantity and distribution of molecules throughout intact biological tissue is crucial for understanding various biological phenomena. Traditional methods involving destructive extraction result in the loss of spatial information. Conversely, tissue-clearing techniques combined with fluorescence imaging have recently emerged as a powerful tool for deep tissue imaging without sacrificing spatial coverage. Key to this approach is the anchoring and labeling of targets in intact tissue. In this review, methods for anchoring and labeling proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and small molecules are presented. Future directions include the development of activity-based probes that work in vivo and mark transient events with spatial information to enable a deeper understanding of biological phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeharu Mino
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nonaka
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan; ERATO (Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology, JST), Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Itaru Hamachi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan; ERATO (Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology, JST), Tokyo 102-0075, Japan.
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Gong XT, Zhuang J, Chong KC, Xu Q, Ling X, Cao L, Wu M, Yang J, Liu B. Far-Red Aggregation-Induced Emission Hydrogel-Reinforced Tissue Clearing for 3D Vasculature Imaging of Whole Lung and Whole Tumor. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2402853. [PMID: 39003614 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the vascular formation and distribution in metastatic lung tumors is a significant challenge due to autofluorescence, antibody/dye diffusion in dense tumor, and fluorophore stability when exposed to solvent-based clearing agents. Here, an approach is presented that redefines 3D vasculature imaging within metastatic tumor, peritumoral lung tissue, and normal lung. Specifically, a far-red aggregation-induced emission nanoparticle with surface amino groups (termed as TSCN nanoparticle, TSCNNP) is designed for in situ formation of hydrogel (TSCNNP@Gel) inside vasculatures to provide structural support and enhance the fluorescence in solvent-based tissue clearing method. Using this TSCNNP@Gel-reinforced tissue clearing imaging approach, the critical challenges are successfully overcome and comprehensive visualization of the whole pulmonary vasculature up to 2 µm resolution is enabled, including its detailed examination in metastatic tumors. Importantly, features of tumor-associated vasculature in 3D panoramic views are unveiled, providing the potential to determine tumor stages, predict tumor progression, and facilitate the histopathological diagnosis of various tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ting Gong
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Jiahao Zhuang
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Kok Chan Chong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Qun Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xia Ling
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Lei Cao
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Min Wu
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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7
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Wang J, Qu J, Hou Q, Huo X, Zhao X, Chang L, Xu C. Strategies for the Isolation and Identification of Gastric Cancer Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2024; 2024:5553852. [PMID: 38882596 PMCID: PMC11178399 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5553852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) originate from both gastric adult stem cells and bone marrow cells and are conspicuously present within the histological milieu of gastric cancer tissue. GCSCs play pivotal and multifaceted roles in the initiation, progression, and recurrence of gastric cancer. Hence, the characterization of GCSCs not only facilitates precise target identification for prospective therapeutic interventions in gastric cancer but also has significant implications for targeted therapy and the prognosis of gastric cancer. The prevailing techniques for GCSC purification involve their isolation using surface-specific cell markers, such as those identified by flow cytometry and immunomagnetic bead sorting techniques. In addition, in vitro culture and side-population cell sorting are integral methods in this context. This review discusses the surface biomarkers, isolation techniques, and identification methods of GCSCs, as well as their role in the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Wang
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
- Second Department of General Surgery Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068 710068, China
- Department of Graduate School Yan'an University, Yan'an 716009, China
| | - Jie Qu
- Second Department of General Surgery Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068 710068, China
- Department of Graduate School Yan'an University, Yan'an 716009, China
| | - Qiang Hou
- Second Department of General Surgery Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068 710068, China
- Department of Graduate School Yan'an University, Yan'an 716009, China
| | - Xueping Huo
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cell Immunology Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Xiangrong Zhao
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cell Immunology Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Le Chang
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cell Immunology Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Cuixiang Xu
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cell Immunology Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
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8
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Xie DF, Crouzet C, LoPresti K, Wang Y, Robinson C, Jones W, Muqolli F, Fang C, Cribbs DH, Fisher M, Choi B. Semi-automated protocol to quantify and characterize fluorescent three-dimensional vascular images. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0289109. [PMID: 38753706 PMCID: PMC11098357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The microvasculature facilitates gas exchange, provides nutrients to cells, and regulates blood flow in response to stimuli. Vascular abnormalities are an indicator of pathology for various conditions, such as compromised vessel integrity in small vessel disease and angiogenesis in tumors. Traditional immunohistochemistry enables the visualization of tissue cross-sections containing exogenously labeled vasculature. Although this approach can be utilized to quantify vascular changes within small fields of view, it is not a practical way to study the vasculature on the scale of whole organs. Three-dimensional (3D) imaging presents a more appropriate method to visualize the vascular architecture in tissue. Here we describe the complete protocol that we use to characterize the vasculature of different organs in mice encompassing the methods to fluorescently label vessels, optically clear tissue, collect 3D vascular images, and quantify these vascular images with a semi-automated approach. To validate the automated segmentation of vascular images, one user manually segmented one hundred random regions of interest across different vascular images. The automated segmentation results had an average sensitivity of 83±11% and an average specificity of 91±6% when compared to manual segmentation. Applying this procedure of image analysis presents a method to reliably quantify and characterize vascular networks in a timely fashion. This procedure is also applicable to other methods of tissue clearing and vascular labels that generate 3D images of microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny F. Xie
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Christian Crouzet
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Krystal LoPresti
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Yuke Wang
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Christopher Robinson
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - William Jones
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Fjolla Muqolli
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Chuo Fang
- Department of Neurology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - David H. Cribbs
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Mark Fisher
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Bernard Choi
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
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9
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He C, Yuan Y, Gong C, Wang X, Lyu G. Applications of Tissue Clearing in Central and Peripheral Nerves. Neuroscience 2024; 546:104-117. [PMID: 38570062 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The techniques of tissue clearing have been proposed and applied in anatomical and biomedical research since the 19th century. As we all know, the original study of the nervous system relied on serial ultrathin sections and stereoscopic techniques. The 3D visualization of the nervous system was established by software splicing and reconstruction. With the development of science and technology, microscope equipment had constantly been upgraded. Despite the great progress that has been made in this field, the workload is too complex, and it needs high technical requirements. Abundant mistakes due to manual sections were inescapable and structural integrity remained questionable. According to the classification of tissue transparency methods, we introduced the latest application of transparency methods in central and peripheral nerve research from optical imaging, molecular markers and data analysis. This review summarizes the application of transparent technology in neural pathways. We hope to provide some inspiration for the continuous optimization of tissue clearing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng He
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chuanhui Gong
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Guangming Lyu
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China; Department of Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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Zhou Q, Liu Q, Wang Y, Chen J, Schmid O, Rehberg M, Yang L. Bridging Smart Nanosystems with Clinically Relevant Models and Advanced Imaging for Precision Drug Delivery. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308659. [PMID: 38282076 PMCID: PMC11005737 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Intracellular delivery of nano-drug-carriers (NDC) to specific cells, diseased regions, or solid tumors has entered the era of precision medicine that requires systematic knowledge of nano-biological interactions from multidisciplinary perspectives. To this end, this review first provides an overview of membrane-disruption methods such as electroporation, sonoporation, photoporation, microfluidic delivery, and microinjection with the merits of high-throughput and enhanced efficiency for in vitro NDC delivery. The impact of NDC characteristics including particle size, shape, charge, hydrophobicity, and elasticity on cellular uptake are elaborated and several types of NDC systems aiming for hierarchical targeting and delivery in vivo are reviewed. Emerging in vitro or ex vivo human/animal-derived pathophysiological models are further explored and highly recommended for use in NDC studies since they might mimic in vivo delivery features and fill the translational gaps from animals to humans. The exploration of modern microscopy techniques for precise nanoparticle (NP) tracking at the cellular, organ, and organismal levels informs the tailored development of NDCs for in vivo application and clinical translation. Overall, the review integrates the latest insights into smart nanosystem engineering, physiological models, imaging-based validation tools, all directed towards enhancing the precise and efficient intracellular delivery of NDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoxia Zhou
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz MunichComprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC‐M)Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
- Department of Forensic PathologyWest China School of Preclinical and Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityNo. 17 Third Renmin Road NorthChengdu610041China
- Burning Rock BiotechBuilding 6, Phase 2, Standard Industrial Unit, No. 7 LuoXuan 4th Road, International Biotech IslandGuangzhou510300China
| | - Qiongliang Liu
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz MunichComprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC‐M)Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200080China
| | - Yan Wang
- Qingdao Central HospitalUniversity of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Medical Group)Qingdao266042China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Respiratory MedicineNational Key Clinical SpecialtyBranch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008China
- Center of Respiratory MedicineXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan ProvinceChangshaHunan410008China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory DiseaseChangshaHunan410008China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalChangshaHunan410008P. R. China
| | - Otmar Schmid
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz MunichComprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC‐M)Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
| | - Markus Rehberg
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz MunichComprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC‐M)Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
| | - Lin Yang
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz MunichComprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC‐M)Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
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11
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de Silva N, Lacko LA, Jamies EA, Evans T, Hurtado R. Atacama Clear for Complex 3D Imaging of Organs. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.22.576689. [PMID: 38328217 PMCID: PMC10849539 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.22.576689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
3D reconstructive imaging is a powerful strategy to interrogate the global architecture of tissues. We developed Atacama Clear (ATC), a novel method that increases 3D imaging signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) while simultaneously increasing the capacity of tissue to be cleared. ATC potentiated the clearing capacity of all tested chemical reagents currently used for optical clearing by an average of 68%, and more than doubled SNRs. This increased imaging efficacy enabled multiplex interrogation of tough fibrous tissue and specimens that naturally exhibit high levels of background noise, including the heart, kidney, and human biopsies. Indeed, ATC facilitated visualization of previously undocumented adjacent nephron segments that exhibit notoriously high autofluorescence, elements of the cardiac conduction system, and the distinct human glomerular tissue layers, at single cell resolution. Moreover, ATC was validated to be compatible with fluorescent reporter proteins in murine, zebrafish, and 3D stem cell model systems. These data establish ATC for 3D imaging studies of challenging tissue types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauretta A. Lacko
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Human Therapeutic Organoid Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Edgar A. Jamies
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Todd Evans
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Center for Genomic Health
| | - Romulo Hurtado
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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12
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Jin BH, Woo J, Lee M, Ku S, Moon HS, Ryu SJ, Hyun YM, Park JY, Kuh SU, Cho YE. Optimization of the optical transparency of bones by PACT-based passive tissue clearing. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:2190-2204. [PMID: 37779150 PMCID: PMC10618275 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01089-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in tissue clearing methods such as the passive clearing technique (PACT) have allowed three-dimensional analysis of biological structures in whole, intact tissues, thereby providing a greater understanding of spatial relationships and biological circuits. Nonetheless, the issues that remain in maintaining structural integrity and preventing tissue expansion/shrinkage with rapid clearing still inhibit the wide application of these techniques in hard bone tissues, such as femurs and tibias. Here, we present an optimized PACT-based bone-clearing method, Bone-mPACT+, that protects biological structures. Bone-mPACT+ and four different decalcifying procedures were tested for their ability to improve bone tissue clearing efficiency without sacrificing optical transparency; they rendered nearly all types of bone tissues transparent. Both mouse and rat bones were nearly transparent after the clearing process. We also present a further modification, the Bone-mPACT+ Advance protocol, which is specifically optimized for processing the largest and hardest rat bones for easy clearing and imaging using established tissue clearing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Ho Jin
- The Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
- College of Medicine, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, International ST Mary´s Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, 22711, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Woo
- The Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Biohedron, Seoul, 06230, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, 06230, Republic of Korea
| | - Mirae Lee
- The Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, 06230, Republic of Korea
| | - Seockmo Ku
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Hyung Seok Moon
- Biomedical Research Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, 06230, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jun Ryu
- The Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daejeon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Daejeon, 35233, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Hyun
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yoon Park
- The Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
- College of Medicine, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Uk Kuh
- The Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
- College of Medicine, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, 06230, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Device Engineering and Management, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Eun Cho
- The Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea.
- College of Medicine, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wiltse Memorial Hospital, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16480, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Zhu J, Liu X, Xu J, Liu Z, Deng Y, Dai J, Yu T, Zhu D. Protocol for fine casting, imaging, and analysis of murine vascular networks with VALID. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102441. [PMID: 37543943 PMCID: PMC10425940 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of fluorescent vessel labeling techniques currently available are limited by their expense, incomplete labeling, or complexity. Here, we present VALID (vessel labeling via gelatin-based lipophilic dye solution)-a protocol for complete labeling of different vascular networks. We describe steps for preparing different dye hydrogels, murine vascular casting and tissue harvesting, immunolabeling, tissue clearing, and imaging, as well as detailed analysis of the vascular networks. This protocol is helpful for evaluating vascular lesions in studying different vessel-associated diseases. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Zhu et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics - MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics - MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianyi Xu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics - MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhang Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics - MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yating Deng
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics - MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Junyao Dai
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics - MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics - MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Dan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics - MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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14
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Wu Y, Yang Z, Liu M, Han Y. Application of fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography in the cerebrovasculature and applicable vascular labeling methods. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:1619-1627. [PMID: 37481741 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02684-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography (fMOST) is a three-dimensional (3d) imaging method at the mesoscopic level. The whole-brain of mice can be imaged at a high resolution of 0.32 × 0.32 × 1.00 μm3. It is useful for revealing the fine morphology of intact organ tissue, even for positioning the single vessel connected with a complicated vascular network across different brain regions in the whole mouse brain. Featuring its 3d visualization of whole-brain cross-scale connections, fMOST has a vast potential to decipher brain function and diseases. This article begins with the background of fMOST technology including a widespread 3D imaging methods comparison and the basic technical principal illustration, followed by the application of fMOST in cerebrovascular research and relevant vascular labeling techniques applicable to different scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Zidong Yang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, 825 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Yan Han
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Shanghai, 200437, China.
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15
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Zhang Y, Liu G, Li X, Gong H, Luo Q, Yang X. On-line clearing and staining method for the efficient optical imaging of large volume samples at the cellular resolution. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:4800-4813. [PMID: 37791250 PMCID: PMC10545182 DOI: 10.1364/boe.499115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Optical microscopy is a powerful tool for exploring the structure and function of organisms. However, the three-dimensional (3D) imaging of large volume samples is time-consuming and difficult. In this manuscript, we described an on-line clearing and staining method for efficient imaging of large volume samples at the cellular resolution. The optimized cocktail can increase staining and imaging depth to reduce the sectioning and scanning time, more than doubling the operational efficiency of the system. Using this method, we demonstrated the rapid acquisition of Aβ plaques in whole mouse brain and obtained a complete set of cytoarchitecture images of an adult porcine hemisphere at 1.625 × 1.625 × 10 µm3 voxel resolution for about 49 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guangcai Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiangning Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qingming Luo
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaoquan Yang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou, 215123, China
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16
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Ma XH, Feng WY, Xiao K, Zhong Z, Fei P, Zhao Y, Sun XF. Detection of Choroidal Neovascularization Using Optical Tissue Transparency. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:10. [PMID: 37318439 PMCID: PMC10278551 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.6.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Optical tissue transparency (OTT) provides a tool for visualizing the entire tissue block. This study provides insights into the potential value of OTT with light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) in detecting choroidal neovascularization (CNV) lesions. Methods OTT with LSFM, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of paraffin sections, choroidal flatmount immunofluorescence, and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) were used to obtain images of CNV. We determined the rate of change as (Data of week 1 - Data of week 2)/Data of week 1 × 100%. Finally, we compared the rate of change acquired from OTT with LSFM and the other methodologies. Results We found that OTT with LSFM can realize three-dimensional (3D) visualizations of the entire CNV. The results showed that the decline in the rate of change from week 1 to week 2 after laser photocoagulation was 33.05% with OTT, 53.01% with H&E staining, 48.11% with choroidal flatmount, 24.06% with OCTA (B-scan), 18.08% with OCTA (en face), 10.98% with OCTA (3D reconstruction), and 7.74% with OCTA (vessel diameter index). Conclusions OTT with LSFM will continue to be an invaluable resource for investigators to detect more visualized and quantified information regarding CNV. Translational Relevance OTT with LSFM now serves as a tool for detecting CNV in mice, and it may undergo human clinical trials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Yang Feng
- School of Optical and Electronic Information–Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Fei
- School of Optical and Electronic Information–Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Fang Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
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17
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Zhu J, Liu X, Xu J, Deng Y, Wang P, Liu Z, Yang Q, Li D, Yu T, Zhu D. A versatile vessel casting method for fine mapping of vascular networks using a hydrogel-based lipophilic dye solution. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100407. [PMID: 36936073 PMCID: PMC10014313 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Efficient labeling of the vasculature is important for understanding the organization of vascular networks. Here, we propose VALID, a vessel-labeling method that enables visualization of vascular networks with tissue clearing and light-sheet microscopy. VALID transforms traditional lipophilic dye solution into hydrogel by introducing gelatin and restrains the dye aggregation, resulting in complete and uniform vessel-labeling patterns with high signal-to-background ratios. VALID also enhances the compatibility of lipophilic dyes with solvent-based tissue-clearing protocols, which was hard to achieve previously. Using VALID, we combined lipophilic dyes with solvent-based tissue-clearing techniques to perform 3D reconstructions of vasculature within mouse brain and spinal cord. We also employed VALID for 3D visualization and quantification of microvascular damage in a middle cerebral artery occlusion mouse model. VALID should provide a simple, cost-effective vessel-labeling protocol that would significantly widen the applications of lipophilic dyes in research on cerebrovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics - MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics - MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Jianyi Xu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics - MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Yating Deng
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics - MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Pingfu Wang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics - MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Zhang Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics - MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Qihang Yang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics - MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Dongyu Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics - MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics - MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics - MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
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18
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Zhan YJ, Zhang SW, Zhu S, Jiang N. Tissue Clearing and Its Application in the Musculoskeletal System. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:1739-1758. [PMID: 36687066 PMCID: PMC9850472 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The musculoskeletal system is an integral part of the human body. Currently, most skeletal muscle research is conducted through conventional histological sections due to technological limitations and the structure of skeletal muscles. For studying and observing bones and muscles, there is an urgent need for three-dimensional, objective imaging technologies. Optical tissue-clearing technologies seem to offer a novel and accessible approach to research of the musculoskeletal system. Using this approach, the components which cause refraction or prevent light from penetrating into the tissue are physically and chemically eliminated; then the liquid in the tissue is replaced with high-refractive-index chemicals. This innovative method, which allows three-dimensional reconstruction at the cellular and subcellular scale, significantly improves imaging depth and resolution. Nonetheless, this technology was not originally developed to image bones or muscles. When compared with brain and nerve organs which have attracted considerable attention in this field, the musculoskeletal system contains fewer lipids and has high levels of hemoglobin, collagen fibers, and inorganic hydroxyapatite crystals. Currently, three-dimensional imaging methods are widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of skeletal and muscular illnesses. In this regard, it is vitally important to review and evaluate the optical tissue-clearing technologies currently employed in the musculoskeletal system, so that researchers may make an informed decision. In the meantime, this study offers guidelines and recommendations for expanding the use of this technology in the musculoskeletal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jing Zhan
- State
Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center
for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shi-Wen Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center
for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- West
China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - SongSong Zhu
- State
Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center
for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- West
China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- State
Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center
for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- West
China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Pichardo AH, Amadeo F, Wilm B, Lévy R, Ressel L, Murray P, Sée V. Optical Tissue Clearing to Study the Intra-Pulmonary Biodistribution of Intravenously Delivered Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Their Interactions with Host Lung Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:14171. [PMID: 36430651 PMCID: PMC9699424 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) injected intravenously are trapped in the capillaries of the lungs and die within the first 24 h. Studying the biodistribution and fate of labelled therapeutic cells in the 3D pulmonary context is important to understand their function in this organ and gain insights into their mechanisms of action. Optical tissue clearing enables volumetric cell tracking at single-cell resolution. Thus, we compared three optical tissue-clearing protocols (Clear, Unobstructed Brain/Body Imaging Cocktails and Computational analysis (CUBIC), modified stabilised 3D imaging of solvent-cleared organs (s-DISCO) and ethyl cinnamate (ECi)) to evaluate their potential to track the biodistribution of human umbilical cord MSCs expressing the tdTomato fluorescence reporter and investigate how they interact with host cells in the mouse lung. The results showed that although CUBIC clearing is the only method that enables direct imaging of fluorescently labelled MSCs, combining s-DISCO or ECi with immunofluorescence or dye labelling allows the interaction of MSCs with endothelial and immune cells to be studied. Overall, this comparative study offers guidance on selecting an optical tissue-clearing method for cell tracking applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Hernandez Pichardo
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Francesco Amadeo
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Bettina Wilm
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Raphaël Lévy
- INSERM, LVTS, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Lorenzo Ressel
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy Physiology and Pathology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Patricia Murray
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Violaine Sée
- CNRS UMR 5305, Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory (LBTI), University Claude Bernard Lyon1, 69007 Lyon, France
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Lee B, Lee JH, Kim DH, Kim ES, Seo BK, Rhyu IJ, Sun W. MAX: a simple, affordable, and rapid tissue clearing reagent for 3D imaging of wide variety of biological specimens. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19508. [PMID: 36376344 PMCID: PMC9663452 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23376-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transparency of biological specimens is crucial to obtaining detailed 3-dimensional images and understanding the structure and function of biological specimens. This transparency or tissue clearing can be achieved by adjusting the refractive index (RI) with embedding media and removing light barriers such as lipids, inorganic deposits, and pigments. Many currently available protocols consist of multiple steps to achieve sufficient transparency, making the process complex and time-consuming. Thus, in this study, we tailored the recipe for RI adjustment media named MAX based on the recently reported MACS protocol to achieve a single-step procedure, especially for ECM-rich tissues. This was achieved by the improvement of the tissue penetrability of the RI-matching reagent by combining MXDA with sucrose or iodixanol. While this was sufficient for the 3D imaging in many applications, MAX can also be combined with modular processes for de-lipidation, de-coloration, and de-calcification to further maximize the transparency depending on the special features of the tissues. Our approach provides an easy alternative for tissue clearing and 3D imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boram Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hyun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dai Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Dermatology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sil Kim
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Kyoung Seo
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - Im Joo Rhyu
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Sun
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Xu J, Zhu J, Li Y, Yao Y, Xuan A, Li D, Yu T, Zhu D. Three-dimensional mapping reveals heterochronic development of the neuromuscular system in postnatal mouse skeletal muscles. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1200. [PMID: 36347940 PMCID: PMC9643545 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04159-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the neuromuscular system, including muscle growth and intramuscular neural development, in addition to central nervous system maturation, determines motor ability improvement. Motor development occurs asynchronously from cephalic to caudal. However, whether the structural development of different muscles is heterochronic is unclear. Here, based on the characteristics of motor behavior in postnatal mice, we examined the 3D structural features of the neuromuscular system in different muscles by combining tissue clearing with optical imaging techniques. Quantitative analyses of the structural data and related mRNA expression revealed that there was continued myofiber hyperplasia of the forelimb and hindlimb muscles until around postnatal day 3 (P3) and P6, respectively, as well as continued axonal arborization and neuromuscular junction formation until around P3 and P9, respectively; feature alterations of the cervical muscle ended at birth. Such structural heterochrony of muscles in different body parts corresponds to their motor function. Structural data on the neuromuscular system of neonatal muscles provide a 3D perspective in the understanding of the structural status during motor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyi Xu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics - MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jingtan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics - MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yusha Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics - MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yingtao Yao
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics - MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ang Xuan
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics - MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dongyu Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics - MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics - MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Optics Valley Laboratory, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Dan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics - MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Optics Valley Laboratory, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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22
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Zhu J, Deng Y, Yu T, Liu X, Li D, Zhu D. Optimal combinations of fluorescent vessel labeling and tissue clearing methods for three-dimensional visualization of vasculature. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:045008. [PMID: 36466188 PMCID: PMC9709454 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.4.045008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Visualization of intact vasculatures is crucial to understanding the pathogeneses of different neurological and vascular diseases. Although various fluorescent vessel labeling methods have been used in combination with tissue clearing for three-dimensional (3D) visualization of different vascular networks, little has been done to quantify the labeling effect of each vessel labeling routine, as well as their applicability alongside various clearing protocols, making it difficult to select an optimal combination for finely constructing different vasculatures. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically assess the overall performance of these common vessel labeling methods combined with different tissue-clearing protocols. AIM A comprehensive evaluation of the labeling quality of various vessel labeling routines in different organs, as well as their applicability alongside various clearing protocols, were performed to find the optimal combinations for 3D reconstruction of vascular networks with high quality. APPROACH Four commonly-used vessel labeling techniques and six typical tissue optical clearing approaches were selected as candidates for the systematic evaluation. RESULTS The vessel labeling efficiency, vessel labeling patterns, and compatibility of each vessel labeling method with different tissue-clearing protocols were quantitatively evaluated and compared. Based on the comprehensive evaluation results, the optimal combinations were selected for 3D reconstructions of vascular networks in several organs, including mouse brain, liver, and kidney. CONCLUSIONS This study provides valuable insight on selecting the proper pipelines for 3D visualization of vascular networks, which may facilitate understanding of the underlying mechanisms of various neurovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics–MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics–Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yating Deng
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics–MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics–Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics–MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics–Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics–MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics–Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dongyu Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics–MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics–Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics–MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics–Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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23
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Genina EA. Tissue Optical Clearing: State of the Art and Prospects. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12071534. [PMID: 35885440 PMCID: PMC9324581 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12071534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elina A. Genina
- Optics and Biophotonics Department, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Str., 410012 Saratov, Russia;
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin’s Av., 634050 Tomsk, Russia
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24
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Optimized single-step optical clearing solution for 3D volume imaging of biological structures. Commun Biol 2022; 5:431. [PMID: 35534680 PMCID: PMC9085829 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Various optical clearing approaches have been introduced to meet the growing demand for 3D volume imaging of biological structures. Each has its own strengths but still suffers from low transparency, long incubation time, processing complexity, tissue deformation, or fluorescence quenching, and a single solution that best satisfies all aspects has yet been developed. Here, we develop OptiMuS, an optimized single-step solution that overcomes the shortcomings of the existing aqueous-based clearing methods and that provides the best performance in terms of transparency, clearing rate, and size retention. OptiMuS achieves rapid and high transparency of brain tissues and other intact organs while preserving the size and fluorescent signal of the tissues. Moreover, OptiMuS is compatible with the use of lipophilic dyes, revealing DiI-labeled vascular structures of the whole brain, kidney, spleen, and intestine, and is also applied to 3D quantitative and comparative analysis of DiI-labeled vascular structures of glomeruli turfs in normal and diseased kidneys. Together, OptiMuS provides a single-step solution for simple, fast, and versatile optical clearing method to obtain high tissue transparency with minimum structural changes and is widely applicable for 3D imaging of various whole biological structures. OptiMuS is an optical clearing method which preserves endogenous fluorescence and sample sizes and can be used to clear thick tissues, visualize neural networks and vascular structures and diagnose pathological status of kidneys, as a potential application.
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25
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Öztürk NC, Koç T. Testing the suitability of neuroanatomical tracing method in human fetuses with long years of postmortem delay. Surg Radiol Anat 2022; 44:769-783. [PMID: 35476150 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-022-02942-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human tissues in gross anatomical archives with long years of postmortem delays are considered suboptimal relative to recently fixed materials for neuroanatomical tracing studies, yet efficacy of neuroanatomical tracing on archival fetal tissues largely unexplored. We aimed to explore the suitability of human archival tissue in neuroanatomical tracing with lipophilic carbocyanine dyes. METHODS We used crystal and paste forms 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI) and analogues for neuroanatomical tracing on different peripheral nerves in 15-18-year archival old formalin-fixed human fetuses. We employed bright-field, fluorescent and confocal microscopy to visualize the peripheric nerve traces, spinal cord and vibratome cut sections. Fluorescent signal of the dyes on epineurium and on axonal membranes were visualized under fluorescence and confocal microscopes and performance of the dye diffusion was assessed by semi-quantitative image analysis. RESULTS We followed up seven lipophilic dye embeddings in 16-28 gestational week-old human fetuses (n = 4) with 16.75 ± 1.29-year postmortem delay. The mean distance of distally moved carbocyanine dye diffusion measured on epineurium was detected as 25.11 ± 9.1 mm. CONCLUSION Based on the results of 13 distinct studies performed neuroanatomical tracing with human tissues in the immediate postmortem hours or days, average traced distance was 16.32 ± 15.95 mm, and a 95% confidence interval lower limit of 4.9 mm and upper limit of 27.73 mm. The tracing distances we observed in our current study fall entirely within this confidence interval. To our awareness, this is the first report to demonstrate that specific neuroanatomical tracing presented in axonal membrane level on peripheral nerves is possible on gross anatomical repositories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nail Can Öztürk
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey. .,Biotechnology Research Center, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Turan Koç
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
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26
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Shan QH, Qin XY, Zhou N, Huang C, Wang Y, Chen P, Zhou JN. A method for ultrafast tissue clearing that preserves fluorescence for multimodal and longitudinal brain imaging. BMC Biol 2022; 20:77. [PMID: 35351101 PMCID: PMC8966190 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01275-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tissue-clearing techniques have recently been developed to make tissues transparent for three-dimensional (3D) imaging at different scales, including single-cell resolution. However, current tissue-clearing workflows have several disadvantages, including complex protocols, time-consuming application, and fluorescence quenching. Additionally, they can be used mainly for clearing larger-volume samples, preventing wide and easy applicability in conventional experimental approaches. In this study, we aimed to develop a versatile, fast, and convenient method for clearing thin and semi-thick samples, which can be used for three-dimensional imaging of experimental or even clinical samples. Results We developed an alkaline solution (AKS) containing a combination of 2,2′-thiodiethanol (TDE), DMSO, D-sorbitol, and Tris for tissue clearing, as the alkaline environment is suitable for maintaining the fluorescence of most commonly used fluorescence protein GFP and its variants, and tested its clearing effect on samples from mice and human brains. We assessed the clearing speed, the preservation of fluorescence protein and dyes, and the imaging depth and quality. The results showed that AKS treatment rapidly cleared 300-μm-thick brain slices and 1-mm-thick slices from different organs within 5 min and 1 h, respectively. Moreover, AKS was compatible with a variety of fluorescence proteins and dyes. Most importantly, AKS enhanced the fluorescence of YFP, in contrast to the majority of existing tissue-clearing methods which reduce the fluorescence intensity of fluorescent proteins. Using AKS, we performed long-time high-resolution imaging of weak fluorescent protein-labelled tissues, long-distance fibre tracking, larger-scale 3D imaging and cell counting of the entire brain area, neural circuit tracing, 3D neuromorphic reconstruction, and 3D histopathology imaging. Conclusions AKS can be used for simple and rapid clearing of samples from mice and human brains and is widely compatible with a variety of fluorescent dyes. Therefore, AKS has great potential to be used as a broad tissue-clearing reagent for biological optical imaging, especially for time-sensitive experiments. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01275-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hong Shan
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xin-Ya Qin
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Middle Urumqi Road 12, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Chuan Huang
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jiang-Ning Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China. .,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Woo J, Lee EY, Lee M, Ku S, Park JY, Cho YE. Comparative Analyses of Clearing Efficacies of Tissue Clearing Protocols by Using a Punching Assisted Clarity Analysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:784626. [PMID: 35155401 PMCID: PMC8831720 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.784626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of tissue clearing methods, in conjunction with novel high-resolution imaging techniques, has enabled the visualization of three-dimensional structures with unprecedented depth and detail. Although a variety of clearing protocols have been developed, little has been done to quantify their efficacies in a systematic, reproducible fashion. Here, we present two simple assays, Punching-Assisted Clarity Analysis (PACA)-Light and PACA-Glow, which use easily accessible spectroscopy and gel documentation systems to quantify the transparency of multiple cleared tissues simultaneously. We demonstrate the use of PACA-Light and PACA-Glow to compare twenty-eight tissue clearing protocols on rodent brains. We also show that regional differences exist in tissue transparency in the rodent brain, with cerebellar tissue consistently achieving lower clearing levels compared to the prefrontal or cerebral cortex across all protocols. This represents the largest comparative study of tissue clearing protocols to date, made possible by the high-throughput nature of our PACA platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Woo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- The Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Biomedical Research Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Biohedron Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunice Yoojin Lee
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mirae Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- The Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Biomedical Research Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seockmo Ku
- Fermentation Science Program, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, United States
| | - Jeong-Yoon Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- The Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Biomedical Research Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Eun Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- The Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Biomedical Research Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Liu L, Xia X, Xiang F, Gao Y, Li X, Li H, Zheng W. F-CUBIC: a rapid optical clearing method optimized by quantitative evaluation. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:237-251. [PMID: 35154867 PMCID: PMC8803013 DOI: 10.1364/boe.442976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, various powerful optical clearing methods have emerged to facilitate deep-tissue imaging. However, a rapid and safe protocol for millimeter-thick specimens is still desired. In this study, we propose a simple and economical chemical screening method that uses porcine small intestine tissue as the testing sample to quantify the clearing speed of different optical clearing reagents. By screening with this method, we developed a fast and versatile clearing protocol, termed F-CUBIC (adding formamide to CUBIC). F-CUBIC allows easy clearing of millimeter-thick tissues within 2-20 min by one-step immersion at room temperature. It introduces negligible tissue distortion and shows high compatibility with various fluorescent labeling techniques. Based on endoscopic human colon specimens, we successfully demonstrated the potential of F-CUBIC for nondestructive three-dimensional (3D) biopsy in combination with two-photon microscopy. This study would substantially benefit rapid 3D tissue mapping in biomedical research and clinics, such as instant histopathological examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Liu
- Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Xianyuan Xia
- Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Feng Xiang
- Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yufeng Gao
- Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shen Zhen 518036, China
| | - Hui Li
- Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Na M, Kim K, Oh K, Choi HJ, Ha C, Chang S. Sodium Cholate-Based Active Delipidation for Rapid and Efficient Clearing and Immunostaining of Deep Biological Samples. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2100943. [PMID: 35041279 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent surges of optical clearing provided anatomical maps to understand structure-function relationships at organ scale. Detergent-mediated lipid removal enhances optical clearing and allows efficient penetration of antibodies inside tissues, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is the most common choice for this purpose. SDS, however, forms large micelles and has a low critical micelle concentration (CMC). Theoretically, detergents that form smaller micelles and higher CMC should perform better but these have remained mostly unexplored. Here, SCARF, a sodium cholate (SC)-based active delipidation method, is developed for better clearing and immunolabeling of thick tissues or whole organs. It is found that SC has superior properties to SDS as a detergent but has serious problems; precipitation and browning. These limitations are overcome by using the ion-conductive film to confine SC while enabling high conductivity. SCARF renders orders of magnitude faster tissue transparency than the SDS-based method, while excellently preserving the endogenous fluorescence, and enables much efficient penetration of a range of antibodies, thus revealing structural details of various organs including sturdy post-mortem human brain tissues at the cellular resolution. Thus, SCARF represents a robust and superior alternative to the SDS-based clearing methods and is expected to facilitate the 3D morphological mapping of various organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongsu Na
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Kitae Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Kyoungjoon Oh
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Choi
- Department of Anatomy and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - ChangMan Ha
- Research Division and Brain Research Core Facility, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41068, South Korea
| | - Sunghoe Chang
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
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30
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Xing J, Zhai R, Wang C, Liu H, Zeng J, Zhou D, Zhang M, Wang L, Wu Q, Gu Y, Zhang Y. DiseaseMeth version 3.0: a major expansion and update of the human disease methylation database. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 50:D1208-D1215. [PMID: 34792145 PMCID: PMC8728278 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab1088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation has a growing potential for use as a biomarker because of its involvement in disease. DNA methylation data have also substantially grown in volume during the past 5 years. To facilitate access to these fragmented data, we proposed DiseaseMeth version 3.0 based on DiseaseMeth version 2.0, in which the number of diseases including increased from 88 to 162 and High-throughput profiles samples increased from 32 701 to 49 949. Experimentally confirmed associations added 448 pairs obtained by manual literature mining from 1472 papers in PubMed. The search, analyze and tools sections were updated to increase performance. In particular, the FunctionSearch now provides for the functional enrichment of genes from localized GO and KEGG annotation. We have also developed a unified analysis pipeline for identifying differentially DNA methylated genes (DMGs) from the original data stored in the database. 22 718 DMGs were found in 99 diseases. These DMGs offer application in disease evaluation using two self-developed online tools, Methylation Disease Correlation and Cancer Prognosis & Co-Methylation. All query results can be downloaded and can also be displayed through a box plot, heatmap or network module according to whichever search section is used. DiseaseMeth version 3.0 is freely available at http://diseasemeth.edbc.org/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xing
- School of Life Science and Technology, Computational Biology Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ruiyang Zhai
- School of Life Science and Technology, Computational Biology Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Cong Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Computational Biology Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Honghao Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Computational Biology Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jiaqi Zeng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Computational Biology Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Dianshuang Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, Computational Biology Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Mengyan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Computational Biology Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Liru Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Computational Biology Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Computational Biology Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yue Gu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Computational Biology Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Computational Biology Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
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31
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Zhang Z, Yao X, Yin X, Ding Z, Huang T, Huo Y, Ji R, Peng H, Guo ZV. Multi-Scale Light-Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy for Fast Whole Brain Imaging. Front Neuroanat 2021; 15:732464. [PMID: 34630049 PMCID: PMC8497830 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.732464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-brain imaging has become an increasingly important approach to investigate neural structures, such as somata distribution, dendritic morphology, and axonal projection patterns. Different structures require whole-brain imaging at different resolutions. Thus, it is highly desirable to perform whole-brain imaging at multiple scales. Imaging a complete mammalian brain at synaptic resolution is especially challenging, as it requires continuous imaging from days to weeks because of the large number of voxels to sample, and it is difficult to acquire a constant quality of imaging because of light scattering during in toto imaging. Here, we reveal that light-sheet microscopy has a unique advantage over wide-field microscopy in multi-scale imaging because of its decoupling of illumination and detection. Based on this observation, we have developed a multi-scale light-sheet microscope that combines tiling of light-sheet, automatic zooming, periodic sectioning, and tissue expansion to achieve a constant quality of brain-wide imaging from cellular (3 μm × 3 μm × 8 μm) to sub-micron (0.3 μm × 0.3 μm × 1 μm) spatial resolution rapidly (all within a few hours). We demonstrated the strength of the system by testing it using mouse brains prepared using different clearing approaches. We were able to track electrode tracks as well as axonal projections at sub-micron resolution to trace the full morphology of single medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) neurons that have remarkable diversity in long-range projections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouzhou Zhang
- School of Medicine, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Yao
- School of Medicine, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Yin
- School of Medicine, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhangcan Ding
- SEU-Allen Joint Center, Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianyi Huang
- School of Medicine, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Huo
- School of Medicine, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Runan Ji
- School of Medicine, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanchuan Peng
- SEU-Allen Joint Center, Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Zengcai V Guo
- School of Medicine, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
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32
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Zhu J, Ma Y, Xu J, Li Y, Wan P, Qi Y, Yu T, Zhu D. Dec-DISCO: decolorization DISCO clearing for seeing through the biological architectures of heme-rich organs. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:5499-5513. [PMID: 34692197 PMCID: PMC8515970 DOI: 10.1364/boe.431397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The tissue optical clearing technique plays an important role in three-dimensional (3D) visualization of large tissues. As a typical solvent-based clearing method, 3DISCO can achieve the highest level of tissue transparency with favorable clearing speed. However, 3DISCO cannot deal with the residual blood within tissues, leading to tissue brownness or redness after clearing, thus greatly influencing the tissue transparency and image quality due to the strong absorption of residual blood. To address this problem, we proposed an optimized clearing method by introducing CUBIC-L solution combined with 3DISCO for effective decolorization, termed Dec-DISCO (Decolorization DISCO). Dec-DISCO achieves better transparency than 3DISCO for various heme-rich tissues and performs enhanced fluorescence preservation capability. Dec-DISCO allows high-quality 3D imaging of fluorescently labeled heme-rich organs, as well as pathological tissue with severe hemorrhage. Dec-DISCO is expected to provide a powerful tool for histological analysis of kinds of heme-rich tissues in various medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yilin Ma
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jianyi Xu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yusha Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Peng Wan
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yisong Qi
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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Cai A, Zheng N, Thompson GJ, Wu Y, Nie B, Lin K, Su P, Wu J, Manyande A, Zhu L, Wang J, Xu F. Longitudinal neural connection detection using a ferritin-encoding adeno-associated virus vector and in vivo MRI method. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:5010-5022. [PMID: 34288264 PMCID: PMC8449107 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The investigation of neural circuits is important for interpreting both healthy brain function and psychiatric disorders. Currently, the architecture of neural circuits is always investigated with fluorescent protein encoding neurotropic virus and ex vivo fluorescent imaging technology. However, it is difficult to obtain a whole‐brain neural circuit connection in living animals, due to the limited fluorescent imaging depth. Herein, the noninvasive, whole‐brain imaging technique of MRI and the hypotoxicity virus vector AAV (adeno‐associated virus) were combined to investigate the whole‐brain neural circuits in vivo. AAV2‐retro are an artificially‐evolved virus vector that permits access to the terminal of neurons and retrograde transport to their cell bodies. By expressing the ferritin protein which could accumulate iron ions and influence the MRI contrast, the neurotropic virus can cause MRI signal changes in the infected regions. For mice injected with the ferritin‐encoding virus vector (rAAV2‐retro‐CAG‐Ferritin) in the caudate putamen (CPu), several regions showed significant changes in MRI contrasts, such as PFC (prefrontal cortex), HIP (hippocampus), Ins (insular cortex) and BLA (basolateral amygdala). The expression of ferritin in those regions was also verified with ex vivo fluorescence imaging. In addition, we demonstrated that changes in T2 relaxation time could be used to identify the spread area of the virus in the brain over time. Thus, the neural connections could be longitudinally detected with the in vivo MRI method. This novel technique could be utilized to observe the viral infection process and detect the neural circuits in a living animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoling Cai
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Yang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Binbin Nie
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Radiation and Nuclear Energy Technology, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kunzhang Lin
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Su
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinfeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China
| | - Anne Manyande
- School of Human and Social Sciences, University of West London, London, UK
| | - LingQiang Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Medicine for Diabetes, 2nd Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Fuqiang Xu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China.,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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34
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Wan P, Li Y, Zhu J, Xu J, Liu X, Yu T, Zhu D. FDISCO+: a clearing method for robust fluorescence preservation of cleared samples. NEUROPHOTONICS 2021; 8:035007. [PMID: 34514032 PMCID: PMC8427119 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.8.3.035007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Significance: The recently reported solvent-based optical clearing method FDISCO can preserve various fluorescent signals very well. However, the strict low-temperature storage condition of FDISCO is not conducive to long-time or repetitive imaging usually conducted at room temperature. Therefore, it is important to solve the contradiction between fluorescence preservation and imaging condition. Aim: We develop a modified FDISCO clearing method, termed FDISCO+, to change the preservation condition from low temperature to room temperature. Approach: Two alternative antioxidants were screened out to effectively inhibit the peroxide generation in the clearing agent at room temperature, enabling robust fluorescence preservation of cleared samples. Results: FDISCO+ achieves comparable fluorescence preservation with the original FDISCO protocol and allows long-time storage at room temperature, making it easier for researchers to image and preserve the samples. Conclusions: FDISCO+ is expected to be widely used due to its loose operation requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wan
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yusha Li
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingtan Zhu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianyi Xu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Address all correspondence to Tingting Yu,
| | - Dan Zhu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Wuhan, China
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35
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Sands GB, Ashton JL, Trew ML, Baddeley D, Walton RD, Benoist D, Efimov IR, Smith NP, Bernus O, Smaill BH. It's clearly the heart! Optical transparency, cardiac tissue imaging, and computer modelling. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 168:18-32. [PMID: 34126113 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in clearing and microscopy enable 3D imaging with cellular resolution up to the whole organ level. These methods have been used extensively in neurobiology, but their uptake in other fields has been much more limited. Application of this approach to the human heart and effective use of the data acquired present challenges of scale and complexity. Four interlinked issues need to be addressed: 1) efficient clearing and labelling of heart tissue, 2) fast microscopic imaging of human-scale samples, 3) handling and processing of multi-terabyte 3D images, and 4) extraction of structural information in computationally tractable structure-based models of cardiac function. Preliminary studies show that each of these requirements can be achieved with the appropriate application and development of existing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory B Sands
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Jesse L Ashton
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mark L Trew
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David Baddeley
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven CT, 06520, USA
| | - Richard D Walton
- IHU Liryc, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France; Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique, U1045, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - David Benoist
- IHU Liryc, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France; Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique, U1045, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Igor R Efimov
- IHU Liryc, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC, 20052, USA
| | - Nicolas P Smith
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia
| | - Olivier Bernus
- IHU Liryc, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France; Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique, U1045, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Bruce H Smaill
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Timonidis N, Tiesinga PHE. Progress towards a cellularly resolved mouse mesoconnectome is empowered by data fusion and new neuroanatomy techniques. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:569-591. [PMID: 34119523 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade there has been a rapid improvement in techniques for obtaining large-scale cellular level data related to the mouse brain connectome. However, a detailed mapping of cell-type-specific projection patterns is lacking, which would, for instance, allow us to study the role of circuit motifs in cognitive processes. In this work, we review advanced neuroanatomical and data fusion techniques within the context of a proposed Multimodal Connectomic Integration Framework for augmenting the cellularly resolved mouse mesoconnectome. First, we emphasize the importance of registering data modalities to a common reference atlas. We then review a number of novel experimental techniques that can provide data for characterizing cell-types in the mouse brain. Furthermore, we examine a number of data integration strategies, which involve fine-grained cell-type classification, spatial inference of cell densities, latent variable models for the mesoconnectome and multi-modal factorisation. Finally, we discuss a number of use cases which depend on connectome augmentation techniques, such as model simulations of functional connectivity and generating mechanistic hypotheses for animal disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nestor Timonidis
- Neuroinformatics department, Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Paul H E Tiesinga
- Neuroinformatics department, Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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37
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Yu T, Li D, Zhu D. Tissue Optical Clearing for Biomedical Imaging: From In Vitro to In Vivo. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 3233:217-255. [PMID: 34053030 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-7627-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tissue optical clearing technique provides a prospective solution for the application of advanced optical methods in life sciences. This chapter firstly gives a brief introduction to mechanisms of tissue optical clearing techniques, from the physical mechanism to chemical mechanism, which is the most important foundation to develop tissue optical clearing methods. During the past years, in vitro and in vivo tissue optical clearing methods were developed. In vitro tissue optical clearing techniques, including the solvent-based clearing methods and the hydrophilic reagents-based clearing methods, combined with labeling technique and advanced microscopy, can be applied to image 3D microstructure of tissue blocks or whole organs such as brain and spinal cord with high resolution. In vivo skin or skull optical clearing, promise various optical imaging techniques to detect cutaneous or cortical cell and vascular structure and function without surgical window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dongyu Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China. .,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Weiss KR, Voigt FF, Shepherd DP, Huisken J. Tutorial: practical considerations for tissue clearing and imaging. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:2732-2748. [PMID: 34021294 PMCID: PMC10542857 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00502-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tissue clearing has become a powerful technique for studying anatomy and morphology at scales ranging from entire organisms to subcellular features. With the recent proliferation of tissue-clearing methods and imaging options, it can be challenging to determine the best clearing protocol for a particular tissue and experimental question. The fact that so many clearing protocols exist suggests there is no one-size-fits-all approach to tissue clearing and imaging. Even in cases where a basic level of clearing has been achieved, there are many factors to consider, including signal retention, staining (labeling), uniformity of transparency, image acquisition and analysis. Despite reviews citing features of clearing protocols, it is often unknown a priori whether a protocol will work for a given experiment, and thus some optimization is required by the end user. In addition, the capabilities of available imaging setups often dictate how the sample needs to be prepared. After imaging, careful evaluation of volumetric image data is required for each combination of clearing protocol, tissue type, biological marker, imaging modality and biological question. Rather than providing a direct comparison of the many clearing methods and applications available, in this tutorial we address common pitfalls and provide guidelines for designing, optimizing and imaging in a successful tissue-clearing experiment with a focus on light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt R Weiss
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Fabian F Voigt
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Douglas P Shepherd
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Center for Biological Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Jan Huisken
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
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Kolesová H, Olejníčková V, Kvasilová A, Gregorovičová M, Sedmera D. Tissue clearing and imaging methods for cardiovascular development. iScience 2021; 24:102387. [PMID: 33981974 PMCID: PMC8086021 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue imaging in 3D using visible light is limited and various clearing techniques were developed to increase imaging depth, but none provides universal solution for all tissues at all developmental stages. In this review, we focus on different tissue clearing methods for 3D imaging of heart and vasculature, based on chemical composition (solvent-based, simple immersion, hyperhydration, and hydrogel embedding techniques). We discuss in detail compatibility of various tissue clearing techniques with visualization methods: fluorescence preservation, immunohistochemistry, nuclear staining, and fluorescent dyes vascular perfusion. We also discuss myocardium visualization using autofluorescence, tissue shrinking, and expansion. Then we overview imaging methods used to study cardiovascular system and live imaging. We discuss heart and vessels segmentation methods and image analysis. The review covers the whole process of cardiovascular system 3D imaging, starting from tissue clearing and its compatibility with various visualization methods to the types of imaging methods and resulting image analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Kolesová
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Olejníčková
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Kvasilová
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Gregorovičová
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Sedmera
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
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Xie W, Gong XT, Cheng X, Cao J, Zhao J, Zhang HL, Zhang S. LIMPID: a versatile method for visualization of brain vascular networks. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:2658-2669. [PMID: 33595547 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01817a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Visualization of cerebrovascular networks is crucial for understanding the pathogenesis of many neurological diseases. Recently developed optical clearing techniques offer opportunities in deep tissue imaging, and have been successfully applied in many research studies. The development of nanotechnology enables the labeling of brain vessels with functionalized micro/nanoparticles embedded with fluorescent dyes. We herein report an efficient method, named LIMPID (Labeled and Interlinked Micro/nanoparticles for Imaging and Delipidation), specific for the precise fluorescence imaging of vascular networks in clearing-treated tissues. This robust vessel labeling technique replaces conventional fluorescence dyes with functionalized polymer micro/nanoparticles that are able to cross-link with polyacrylamide to form dense hydrogels in vessels. LIMPID shows high-robustness during the clearing process without sacrificing fluorescence signals and clearing performance. LIMPID enables three dimension (3D) visualization of elaborate vascular networks in mouse brains and is compatible with other fluorescence-labeling techniques. We have successfully applied this method to acquire cortical vasculature images simultaneously with the neurons or microglia, as well as to evaluate vascular damage in a mouse model of stroke. The LIMPID method provides a novel tool for the precise analysis of vascular dysfunction and vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Xie
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
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Abstract
Advanced optical methods combined with various probes pave the way toward molecular imaging within living cells. However, major challenges are associated with the need to enhance the imaging resolution even further to the subcellular level for the imaging of larger tissues, as well as for in vivo studies. High scattering and absorption of opaque tissues limit the penetration of light into deep tissues and thus the optical imaging depth. Tissue optical clearing technique provides an innovative way to perform deep-tissue imaging. Recently, various optical clearing methods have been developed, which provide tissue clearing based on similar physical principles via different chemical approaches. Here, we introduce the mechanisms of the current clearing methods from fundamental physical and chemical perspectives, including the main physical principle, refractive index matching via various chemical approaches, such as dissociation of collagen, delipidation, decalcification, dehydration, and hyperhydration, to reduce scattering, as well as decolorization to reduce absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jingtan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Dongyu Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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Avilov SV. Navigating across multi-dimensional space of tissue clearing parameters. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2021; 9:022001. [PMID: 33592593 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/abe6fb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Optical tissue clearing refers to physico-chemical treatments which make thick biological samples transparent by removal of refractive index gradients and light absorbing substances. Although tissue clearing was first reported in 1914, it was not widely used in light microscopy until 21th century, because instrumentation of that time did not permit to acquire and handle images of thick (mm to cm) samples as whole. Rapid progress in optical instrumentation, computers and software over the last decades made micrograph acquisition of centimeter-thick samples feasible. This boosted tissue clearing use and development. Numerous diverse protocols have been developed. They use organic solvents or water-miscible substances, such as detergents and chaotropic agents; some protocols require application of electric field or perfusion with special devices. There is no 'best-for-all' tissue clearing method. Depending on the case, one or another protocol is more suitable. Most of protocols require days or even weeks to complete, thus choosing an unsuitable protocol may cause an important waste of time. Several inter-dependent parameters should be taken into account to choose a tissue clearing protocol, such as: (1) required image quality (resolution, contrast, signal to noise ratio etc), (2) nature and size of the sample, (3) type of labels, (4) characteristics of the available instrumentation, (5) budget, (6) time budget, and (7) feasibility. Present review focusses on the practical aspects of various tissue clearing techniques. It is aimed to help non-experts to choose tissue clearing techniques which are optimal for their particular cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiy V Avilov
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
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Kim MS, Ahn JH, Mo JE, Song HY, Cheon D, Yoo SH, Choi HJ. Optimizing tissue clearing and imaging methods for human brain tissue. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211001729. [PMID: 33771067 PMCID: PMC8166401 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211001729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify optimum sample conditions for human brains, we compared the clearing efficiency, antibody staining efficiency, and artifacts between fresh and cadaver samples. METHODS Fresh and cadaver samples were cleared using X-CLARITY™. Clearing efficiency and artifact levels were calculated using ImageJ, and antibody staining efficiency was evaluated after confocal microscopy imaging. Three staining methods were compared: 4-day staining (4DS), 11-day staining (11DS), and 4-day staining with a commercial kit (4DS-C). The optimum staining method was then selected by evaluating staining time, depth, method complexity, contamination, and cost. RESULTS Fresh samples outperformed cadaver samples in terms of the time and quality of clearing, artifacts, and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining efficiency, but had a glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) staining efficiency that was similar to that of cadaver samples. The penetration depth and DAPI staining improved in fresh samples as the incubation period lengthened. 4DS-C was the best method, with the deepest penetration. Human brain images containing blood vessels, cell nuclei, and astrocytes were visualized three-dimensionally. The chemical dye staining depth reached 800 µm and immunostaining depth exceeded 200 µm in 4 days. CONCLUSIONS We present optimized sample preparation and staining protocols for the visualization of three-dimensional macrostructure in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sun Kim
- Functional Neuroanatomy of Metabolism Regulation Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jang Ho Ahn
- Functional Neuroanatomy of Metabolism Regulation Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Mo
- Functional Neuroanatomy of Metabolism Regulation Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ha Young Song
- Functional Neuroanatomy of Metabolism Regulation Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Deokhyeon Cheon
- Functional Neuroanatomy of Metabolism Regulation Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong Ho Yoo
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Choi
- Functional Neuroanatomy of Metabolism Regulation Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- BK21Plus Biomedical Science Project Team, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, South Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Zhao J, Lai HM, Qi Y, He D, Sun H. Current Status of Tissue Clearing and the Path Forward in Neuroscience. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:5-29. [PMID: 33326739 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the complexity and limited availability of human brain tissues, for decades, pathologists have sought to maximize information gained from individual samples, based on which (patho)physiological processes could be inferred. Recently, new understandings of chemical and physical properties of biological tissues and multiple chemical profiling have given rise to the development of scalable tissue clearing methods allowing superior optical clearing of across-the-scale samples. In the past decade, tissue clearing techniques, molecular labeling methods, advanced laser scanning microscopes, and data visualization and analysis have become commonplace. Combined, they have made 3D visualization of brain tissues with unprecedented resolution and depth widely accessible. To facilitate further advancements and applications, here we provide a critical appraisal of these techniques. We propose a classification system of current tissue clearing and expansion methods that allows users to judge the applicability of individual ones to their questions, followed by a review of the current progress in molecular labeling, optical imaging, and data processing to demonstrate the whole 3D imaging pipeline based on tissue clearing and downstream techniques for visualizing the brain. We also raise the path forward of tissue-clearing-based imaging technology, that is, integrating with state-of-the-art techniques, such as multiplexing protein imaging, in situ signal amplification, RNA detection and sequencing, super-resolution imaging techniques, multiomics studies, and deep learning, for drawing the complete atlas of the human brain and building a 3D pathology platform for central nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hei Ming Lai
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuwei Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Dian He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Biobank Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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45
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Liang X, Luo H. Optical Tissue Clearing: Illuminating Brain Function and Dysfunction. Theranostics 2021; 11:3035-3051. [PMID: 33537072 PMCID: PMC7847687 DOI: 10.7150/thno.53979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue optical clearing technology has been developing rapidly in the past decade due to advances in microscopy equipment and various labeling techniques. Consistent modification of primary methods for optical tissue transparency has allowed observation of the whole mouse body at single-cell resolution or thick tissue slices at the nanoscale level, with the final aim to make intact primate and human brains or thick human brain tissues optically transparent. Optical clearance combined with flexible large-volume tissue labeling technology can not only preserve the anatomical structure but also visualize multiple molecular information from intact samples in situ. It also provides a new strategy for studying complex tissues, which is of great significance for deciphering the functional structure of healthy brains and the mechanisms of neurological pathologies. In this review, we briefly introduce the existing optical clearing technology and discuss its application in deciphering connection and structure, brain development, and brain diseases. Besides, we discuss the standard computational analysis tools for large-scale imaging dataset processing and information extraction. In general, we hope that this review will provide a valuable reference for researchers who intend to use optical clearing technology in studying the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Liang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haiming Luo
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Liu Y, Zhang H, Chen R, Wu Y, Yang X, Liu X, Zeng S, Guo W. UnaG as a reporter in adeno-associated virus-mediated gene transfer for biomedical imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e202000182. [PMID: 32894647 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is one of the most common gene transfer vectors, but it has a limited capacity. A smaller fluorescent protein is urgently needed since it is more suitable to act as a reporter in AAV. In this study, a bilirubin-dependent reporter smaller than EGFP, termed UnaG, was found to have the ability to label the neurons of a mouse brain as clearly as EGFP without the addition of exogenous bilirubin. We also found that UnaG's pH tolerance is better than that of EGFP; however, its fluorescence recovery after protonated quenching is not as good as that of EGFP. In addition, UnaG preserved its fluorescence better than EGFP in SeeDB clearing. Taken together, this study demonstrates that UnaG can act as a small intrinsically fluorescent reporter in the mouse brain without an additional ligand, thus providing an alternative over EGFP for AAV-mediated neuron labeling in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruixi Chen
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiong Yang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiuli Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoqun Zeng
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenyan Guo
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Zhou C, Zheng T, Luo T, Yan C, Sun Q, Ren M, Zhao P, Chen W, Ji B, Wang Z, Li A, Gong H, Li X. Continuous imaging of large-volume tissues with a machinable optical clearing method at subcellular resolution. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:7132-7149. [PMID: 33408985 PMCID: PMC7747903 DOI: 10.1364/boe.405801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Optical clearing methods are widely used for three-dimensional biological information acquisition in the whole organ. However, the imaging quality of cleared tissues is often limited by ununiformed tissue clearing. By combining tissue clearing with mechanical sectioning based whole organ imaging system, we can reduce the influence of light scattering and absorption on the tissue to get isotropic and high resolution in both superficial and deep layers. However, it remains challenging for optical cleared biological tissue to maintain good sectioning property. Here, we developed a clearing method named M-CUBIC (machinable CUBIC), which combined a modified CUBIC method with PNAGA (poly-N-acryloyl glycinamide) hydrogel embedding to transparentize tissue while improving its sectioning property. With high-throughput light-sheet tomography platform (HLTP) and fluorescent micro-optical sectioning tomography (fMOST), we acquired continuous datasets with subcellular resolution from intact mouse brains for single neuron tracing, as well as the fine vascular structure of kidneys. This method can be used to acquire microstructures of multiple types of biological organs with subcellular resolutions, which can facilitate biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Zhou
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Ting Zheng
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Ting Luo
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Cheng Yan
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qingtao Sun
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI Institute for Brainsmatics, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Miao Ren
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Peilin Zhao
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wu Chen
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bingqing Ji
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Anan Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI Institute for Brainsmatics, Suzhou 215123, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI Institute for Brainsmatics, Suzhou 215123, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiangning Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI Institute for Brainsmatics, Suzhou 215123, China
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Bekkouche BMB, Fritz HKM, Rigosi E, O'Carroll DC. Comparison of Transparency and Shrinkage During Clearing of Insect Brains Using Media With Tunable Refractive Index. Front Neuroanat 2020; 14:599282. [PMID: 33328907 PMCID: PMC7714936 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2020.599282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvement of imaging quality has the potential to visualize previously unseen building blocks of the brain and is therefore one of the great challenges in neuroscience. Rapid development of new tissue clearing techniques in recent years have attempted to solve imaging compromises in thick brain samples, particularly for high resolution optical microscopy, where the clearing medium needs to match the high refractive index of the objective immersion medium. These problems are exacerbated in insect tissue, where numerous (initially air-filled) tracheal tubes branching throughout the brain increase the scattering of light. To date, surprisingly few studies have systematically quantified the benefits of such clearing methods using objective transparency and tissue shrinkage measurements. In this study we compare a traditional and widely used insect clearing medium, methyl salicylate combined with permanent mounting in Permount (“MS/P”) with several more recently applied clearing media that offer tunable refractive index (n): 2,2′-thiodiethanol (TDE), “SeeDB2” (in variants SeeDB2S and SeeDB2G matched to oil and glycerol immersion, n = 1.52 and 1.47, respectively) and Rapiclear (also with n = 1.52 and 1.47). We measured transparency and tissue shrinkage by comparing freshly dissected brains with cleared brains from dipteran flies, with or without addition of vacuum or ethanol pre-treatments (dehydration and rehydration) to evacuate air from the tracheal system. The results show that ethanol pre-treatment is very effective for improving transparency, regardless of the subsequent clearing medium, while vacuum treatment offers little measurable benefit. Ethanol pre-treated SeeDB2G and Rapiclear brains show much less shrinkage than using the traditional MS/P method. Furthermore, at lower refractive index, closer to that of glycerol immersion, these recently developed media offer outstanding transparency compared to TDE and MS/P. Rapiclear protocols were less laborious compared to SeeDB2, but both offer sufficient transparency and refractive index tunability to permit super-resolution imaging of local volumes in whole mount brains from large insects, and even light-sheet microscopy. Although long-term permanency of Rapiclear stored samples remains to be established, our samples still showed good preservation of fluorescence after storage for more than a year at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elisa Rigosi
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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49
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Tian T, Li X. Applications of tissue clearing in the spinal cord. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:4019-4036. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China
- Beijing International Cooperation Bases for Science and Technology on Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China
- Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Capital Medical University Beijing China
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Gómez-Gaviro MV, Sanderson D, Ripoll J, Desco M. Biomedical Applications of Tissue Clearing and Three-Dimensional Imaging in Health and Disease. iScience 2020; 23:101432. [PMID: 32805648 PMCID: PMC7452225 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) optical imaging techniques can expand our knowledge about physiological and pathological processes that cannot be fully understood with 2D approaches. Standard diagnostic tests frequently are not sufficient to unequivocally determine the presence of a pathological condition. Whole-organ optical imaging requires tissue transparency, which can be achieved by using tissue clearing procedures enabling deeper image acquisition and therefore making possible the analysis of large-scale biological tissue samples. Here, we review currently available clearing agents, methods, and their application in imaging of physiological or pathological conditions in different animal and human organs. We also compare different optical tissue clearing methods discussing their advantages and disadvantages and review the use of different 3D imaging techniques for the visualization and image acquisition of cleared tissues. The use of optical tissue clearing resources for large-scale biological tissues 3D imaging paves the way for future applications in translational and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Victoria Gómez-Gaviro
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Daniel Sanderson
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Ripoll
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Desco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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