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Wang Q, Wang C, Zheng K, Wang B, Wang Z, Zhang C, Long X. Positional Thiophene Isomerization: A Geometric Strategy for Precisely Regulating the Electronic State of Covalent Organic Frameworks to Boost Oxygen Reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202320037. [PMID: 38348605 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202320037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
With the oxygen conversion efficiency of metal-free carbon-based fuel cells dramatically improved, the building blocks of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) raised principal concerns on the catalytic active sites with indistinct electronic states. Herein, to address this issue, we demonstrate COFs for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) by regulating the edge-hanging thiophene units, and the molecular geometries are further modulated via positional thiophene isomerization strategy, affording isomeric COF-α with 2-substitution and COF-β with 3-substitution on the frameworks. The electronic states and intermediate adsorption ability are well-regulated through geometric modification, resulting in controllable chemical activity and local density of π-electrons. Notably, the introduction of thiophene units with different substitution positions into a pristine pure carbon-based COF model COF-Ph achieves excellent activity with a half-wave potential of 0.76 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode, which is higher than most of those metal-free or metal-based electrocatalysts. Utilizing the combination of theoretical prediction and in situ Raman spectra, we show that the isomeric thiophene skeleton (COF-α and COF-β) can induce the dangling unit activation, accurately identifying the pentacyclic-carbon (thiophene α-position) adjacent to sulfur atom as active sites. The results suggest that the isomeric dangling groups in COFs are suitable for the ORR with promising geometry construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Kunpeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Binbin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Chuanhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Long
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
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Wu Y, Deng X, Cui R, Song M, Guo X, Gong X, He J, Chen P. Electronic configuration inversion in CdIn 2S 4 for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide generation coupled with selective benzylamine oxidation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 656:528-537. [PMID: 38007944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.11.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Vacancies engineering has sparked a huge interest in enhancing photocatalytic activity, but monovacancy simultaneously conducts as either electron or hole acceptor and redox reaction, worsening charge transfer and catalytic performance. Here, the concept of electronic inversion has been proposed through the simultaneous introduction of surface oxygen and S vacancies in CdIn2S4 (OSv-CIS). Consequently, under mild conditions, the well-designed OSv-CIS-200 demonstrated a strong rate of N-benzylidenebenzylamine production (2972.07 µmol g-1 h-1) coupled with Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) synthesis (2362.33 µmol g-1 h-1) (PIH), which is 12.4 times higher than that of CdIn2S4. Density functional theory (DFT) simulation and characterization studies demonstrate that oxygen is introduced into the lattice on the surface of the material, reversing the charge distribution of the S vacancy and enhancing the polarity of the total charge distribution. It not only provides a huge built-in electric field (BEF) for guiding the orientation of the charge transfer, but also acts as a long-distance active site to accelerate reaction and prevent H2O2 decomposition. Our work offers a straightforward connection between the atomic defect and intrinsic properties for designing high-efficiency materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Wu
- College of Big Data and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China; Provincial Guizhou Key Laboratory of Green Chemical and Clean Energy Technology, State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaoxu Deng
- College of Big Data and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Ruirui Cui
- College of Big Data and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China.
| | - Meiyang Song
- Provincial Guizhou Key Laboratory of Green Chemical and Clean Energy Technology, State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiang Guo
- College of Big Data and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China.
| | - Xingyong Gong
- College of Big Data and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Jie He
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials, Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Peng Chen
- Provincial Guizhou Key Laboratory of Green Chemical and Clean Energy Technology, State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China.
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Liu B, Zhan S, Du J, Yang X, Zhao Y, Li L, Wan J, Zhao ZJ, Gong J, Yang N, Yu R, Wang D. Revealing the Mechanism of sp-N Doping in Graphdiyne for Developing Site-Defined Metal-Free Catalysts. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022:e2206450. [PMID: 36217835 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Due to the limited reserves of metals, scientists are devoted to exploring high-performance metal-free catalysts based on carbon materials to solve environment-related issues. Doping would build up inhomogeneous charge distribution on surface, which is an efficient approach for boosting the catalytic performance. However, doping sites are difficult to control in traditional carbon materials, thus hindering their development. Taking the advantage of unique sp-C in graphdiyne (GDY), a new N doping configuration of sp-hybridized nitrogen (sp-N), bringing a Pt-comparable catalytic activity in oxygen reduction reaction is site-defined introduced. However, the reaction intermediate of this process is never captured, hindering the understanding of the mechanism and the precise synthesis of metal-free catalysts. After the four-year study, the fabrication of intermediate-like molecule is realized, and finally sp-N doped GDY via the pericyclic reaction is obtained. Compared with GDY doped with other N configurations, the designed sp-N GDY shows much higher catalytic activity in electroreduction of CO2 toward CH4 production, owing to the unique electronic structure introduced by sp-N, which is more favorable in stabilizing the intermediate. Thus, besides opening the black-box for the site-defined doping, this work reveals the relationship between doping configuration and products of CO2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baokun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Province Industrial Technology Research Institute of Resources and Materials, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Shuhui Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Province Industrial Technology Research Institute of Resources and Materials, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Province Industrial Technology Research Institute of Resources and Materials, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yasong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lulu Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Jian Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jinlong Gong
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Nailiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ranbo Yu
- Department of Physical Chemistry School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, No. 30, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Wang S, Cai B, Tian H. Efficient Generation of Hydrogen Peroxide and Formate by an Organic Polymer Dots Photocatalyst in Alkaline Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202733. [PMID: 35299290 PMCID: PMC9324198 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A photocatalyst comprising binary organic polymer dots (Pdots) was prepared. The Pdots were constructed from poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole), as an electron donor, and 1-[3-(methoxycarbonyl)propyl]-1-phenyl-[6.6]C61 , as an electron acceptor. The photocatalyst produces H2 O2 in alkaline conditions (1 M KOH) with a production rate of up to 188 mmol h-1 g-1 . The external quantum efficiencies were 30 % (5 min) and 14 % (75 min) at 450 nm. Furthermore, photo-oxidation of methanol by Pdots, followed by a disproportionation reaction and an oxidation reaction, produced the high-value chemical formate. On the basis of various spectroscopic and electrochemical measurements, the photophysical processes of the system were studied in detail and a reaction mechanism was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicong Wang
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bin Cai
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Haining Tian
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
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Zhou X, Yan F, Lyubartsev A, Shen B, Zhai J, Conesa JC, Hedin N. Efficient Production of Solar Hydrogen Peroxide Using Piezoelectric Polarization and Photoinduced Charge Transfer of Nanopiezoelectrics Sensitized by Carbon Quantum Dots. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105792. [PMID: 35451215 PMCID: PMC9218770 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Piezoelectric semiconductors have emerged as redox catalysts, and challenges include effective conversion of mechanical energy to piezoelectric polarization and achieving high catalytic activity. The catalytic activity can be enhanced by simultaneous irradiation of ultrasound and light, but the existing piezoelectric semiconductors have trouble absorbing visible light. A piezoelectric catalyst is designed and tested for the generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ). It is based on Nb-doped tetragonal BaTiO3 (BaTiO3 :Nb) and is sensitized by carbon quantum dots (CDs). The photosensitizer injects electrons into the conduction band of the semiconductor, while the piezoelectric polarization directed electrons to the semiconductor surface, allowing for a high-rate generation of H2 O2 . The piezoelectric polarization field restricts the recombination of photoinduced electron-hole pairs. A production rate of 1360 µmol gcatalyst -1 h-1 of H2 O2 is achieved under visible light and ultrasound co-irradiation. Individual piezo- and photocatalysis yielded lower production rates. Furthermore, the CDs enhance the piezocatalytic activity of the BaTiO3 :Nb. It is noted that moderating the piezoelectricity of BaTiO3 :Nb via microstructure modulation influences the piezophotocatalytic activity. This work shows a new methodology for synthesizing H2 O2 by using visible light and mechanical energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for R&D and Application of Metallic Functional MaterialsFunctional Materials Research LaboratorySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai201804China
- Department of Materials and Environmental ChemistryStockholm UniversityStockholmSE 106 91Sweden
| | - Fei Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for R&D and Application of Metallic Functional MaterialsFunctional Materials Research LaboratorySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai201804China
| | - Alexander Lyubartsev
- Department of Materials and Environmental ChemistryStockholm UniversityStockholmSE 106 91Sweden
| | - Bo Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for R&D and Application of Metallic Functional MaterialsFunctional Materials Research LaboratorySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai201804China
| | - Jiwei Zhai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for R&D and Application of Metallic Functional MaterialsFunctional Materials Research LaboratorySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai201804China
| | - José C. Conesa
- Institute of Catalysis and PetrochemistryCSICMarie Curie 2CantoblancoMadrid28049Spain
| | - Niklas Hedin
- Department of Materials and Environmental ChemistryStockholm UniversityStockholmSE 106 91Sweden
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6
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Akai R, Oka K, Nishida R, Tohnai N. Controlling the Movability and Excimer Formation of Functional Organic Molecules. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20220107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Akai
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Center for Future Innovation (CFi), Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871
| | - Kouki Oka
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Center for Future Innovation (CFi), Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871
| | - Ryunosuke Nishida
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Center for Future Innovation (CFi), Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871
| | - Norimitsu Tohnai
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Center for Future Innovation (CFi), Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871
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7
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Wang S, Cai B, Tian H. Efficient Generation of Hydrogen Peroxide and Formate by an Organic Polymer Dots Photocatalyst in Alkaline Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sicong Wang
- Uppsala Universitet Department of Chemistry - Ångström laboratory SWEDEN
| | - Bin Cai
- Uppsala Universitet Department of Chemistry - Ångström laboratory SWEDEN
| | - Haining Tian
- Uppsala University: Uppsala Universitet Department of Chemistry-Ångström Lab BOX 523 75120 Uppsala SWEDEN
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8
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Akai R, Oka K, Nishida R, Tohnai N. Systematic arrangement control of functional organic molecules. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00336h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Systematic and precise arrangement control of functional organic molecules without changing both their molecular and layered structure was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Akai
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Center for Future Innovation (CFi), Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kouki Oka
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Center for Future Innovation (CFi), Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Nishida
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Center for Future Innovation (CFi), Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Tohnai
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Center for Future Innovation (CFi), Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Zhang T, Schilling W, Khan SU, Ching HYV, Lu C, Chen J, Jaworski A, Barcaro G, Monti S, De Wael K, Slabon A, Das S. Atomic-Level Understanding for the Enhanced Generation of Hydrogen Peroxide by the Introduction of an Aryl Amino Group in Polymeric Carbon Nitrides. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Universiteit Antwerpen, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Waldemar Schilling
- Department of Chemistry, Universiteit Antwerpen, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Shahid Ullah Khan
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Universiteit Antwerpen, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | | | - Can Lu
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jianhong Chen
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aleksander Jaworski
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giovanni Barcaro
- CNR-IPCF─Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Susanna Monti
- CNR-ICCOM─Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Karolien De Wael
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Universiteit Antwerpen, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Adam Slabon
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shoubhik Das
- Department of Chemistry, Universiteit Antwerpen, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
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Jadoun S, Rathore DS, Riaz U, Chauhan NPS. Tailoring of conducting polymers via copolymerization – A review. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Zhou X, Yan F, Shen B, Zhai J, Hedin N. Enhanced Sunlight-Driven Reactive Species Generation via Polarization Field in Nanopiezoelectric Heterostructures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:29691-29707. [PMID: 34152123 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although it is established that the force-induced electric polarization field of piezoelectric semiconductors can be used to tune the transfer rate of photoexcited charge carriers, there is still a lack of successful strategies to effectively improve the photocatalytic reactivity and solar-to-chemical conversion efficiency (SCC) of piezoelectric materials. Here, we are the first to prepare and study a kind of catalyst based on nanopiezoelectric heterostructures of LiNbO3-type ZnTiO3·TiO2 and tetragonal BaTiO3 with Pt or FeOx nanoparticle modification (i.e., ZBTO-Pt or ZBTO-FeOx) for reactive species generation. With respect to the production of •OH and •O2- radicals, higher amounts were observed in piezophotocatalysis relative to those for individual piezo- and photocatalysis. Benefiting from the charge transfer resistance decreases by the deposition of Pt and FeOx, the amounts of •OH radicals formed on ZBTO-Pt and ZBTO-FeOx were approximately 48 and 21% higher than that on isolated ZBTO during piezophotocatalysis, and for the amounts of •O2- radicals the enhancements were approximately 11 and 6%, respectively. Furthermore, the concentrations of H2O2 formed on ZBTO-Pt and ZBTO-FeOx under piezophotocatalysis reached approximately 315 and 206 μM after 100 min of reaction (and was still increasing) corresponding to 0.10 and 0.06% SCCs, respectively, which were also much higher than the concentrations and SCCs observed for piezo- and photocatalysis. The enhancements of piezophotocatalytic activities with these piezoelectric materials were related to the mechanical strain exerted on ZBTO, which generated a larger electric polarization field than those on ZnTiO3·TiO2 and BaTiO3 as analyzed by a finite element method. This high-intensity electric polarization field accelerated the separation and transportation of photoexcited charge carriers in the highly sunlight responsive nanopiezoelectric heterostructures based on ZBTO-Pt and ZBTO-FeOx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for R&D and Application of Metallic Functional Materials, Functional Materials Research Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE 106 91, Sweden
| | - Fei Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for R&D and Application of Metallic Functional Materials, Functional Materials Research Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Bo Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for R&D and Application of Metallic Functional Materials, Functional Materials Research Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Jiwei Zhai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for R&D and Application of Metallic Functional Materials, Functional Materials Research Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Niklas Hedin
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE 106 91, Sweden
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