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Pankratov D, Hidalgo Martinez S, Karman C, Gerzhik A, Gomila G, Trashin S, Boschker HTS, Geelhoed JS, Mayer D, De Wael K, J R Meysman F. The organo-metal-like nature of long-range conduction in cable bacteria. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 157:108675. [PMID: 38422765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Cable bacteria are filamentous, multicellular microorganisms that display an exceptional form of biological electron transport across centimeter-scale distances. Currents are guided through a network of nickel-containing protein fibers within the cell envelope. Still, the mechanism of long-range conduction remains unresolved. Here, we characterize the conductance of the fiber network under dry and wet, physiologically relevant, conditions. Our data reveal that the fiber conductivity is high (median value: 27 S cm-1; range: 2 to 564 S cm-1), does not show any redox signature, has a low thermal activation energy (Ea = 69 ± 23 meV), and is not affected by humidity or the presence of ions. These features set the nickel-based conduction mechanism in cable bacteria apart from other known forms of biological electron transport. As such, conduction resembles that of an organic semi-metal with a high charge carrier density. Our observation that biochemistry can synthesize an organo-metal-like structure opens the way for novel bio-based electronic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii Pankratov
- Geobiology Group, Microbial Systems Technology Excellence Centre, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Silvia Hidalgo Martinez
- Geobiology Group, Microbial Systems Technology Excellence Centre, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Cheryl Karman
- Geobiology Group, Microbial Systems Technology Excellence Centre, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Anastasia Gerzhik
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Gabriel Gomila
- Nanoscale Bioelectric Characterization Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalunya (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri i Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stanislav Trashin
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Henricus T S Boschker
- Geobiology Group, Microbial Systems Technology Excellence Centre, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Jeanine S Geelhoed
- Geobiology Group, Microbial Systems Technology Excellence Centre, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Dirk Mayer
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Karolien De Wael
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Filip J R Meysman
- Geobiology Group, Microbial Systems Technology Excellence Centre, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, the Netherlands.
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Parrilla M, Sena-Torralba A, Steijlen A, Morais S, Maquieira Á, De Wael K. A 3D-printed hollow microneedle-based electrochemical sensing device for in situ plant health monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 251:116131. [PMID: 38367566 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Plant health monitoring is devised as a new concept to elucidate in situ physiological processes. The need for increased food production to nourish the growing global population is inconsistent with the dramatic impact of climate change, which hinders crop health and exacerbates plant stress. In this context, wearable sensors play a crucial role in assessing plant stress. Herein, we present a low-cost 3D-printed hollow microneedle array (HMA) patch as a sampling device coupled with biosensors based on screen-printing technology, leading to affordable analysis of biomarkers in the plant fluid of a leaf. First, a refinement of the 3D-printing method showed a tip diameter of 25.9 ± 3.7 μm with a side hole diameter on the microneedle of 228.2 ± 18.6 μm using an affordable 3D printer (<500 EUR). Notably, the HMA patch withstanded the forces exerted by thumb pressing (i.e. 20-40 N). Subsequently, the holes of the HMA enabled the fluid extraction tested in vitro and in vivo in plant leaves (i.e. 13.5 ± 1.1 μL). A paper-based sampling strategy adapted to the HMA allowed the collection of plant fluid. Finally, integrating the sampling device onto biosensors facilitated the in situ electrochemical analysis of plant health biomarkers (i.e. H2O2, glucose, and pH) and the electrochemical profiling of plants in five plant species. Overall, this electrochemical platform advances precise and versatile sensors for plant health monitoring. The wearable device can potentially improve precision farming practices, addressing the critical need for sustainable and resilient agriculture in changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Parrilla
- A-Sense Lab, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2010, Antwerp, Belgium; NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2010, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Amadeo Sena-Torralba
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera S/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Annemarijn Steijlen
- A-Sense Lab, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2010, Antwerp, Belgium; NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2010, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sergi Morais
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera S/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain; Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera S/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángel Maquieira
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera S/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain; Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera S/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Karolien De Wael
- A-Sense Lab, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2010, Antwerp, Belgium; NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2010, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Shanmugam ST, Campos R, Trashin S, Daems E, Carneiro D, Fraga A, Ribeiro R, De Wael K. Singlet oxygen-based photoelectrochemical detection of miRNAs in prostate cancer patients' plasma: A novel diagnostic tool for liquid biopsy. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 158:108698. [PMID: 38640856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Dysregulation of miRNA expression occurs in many cancers, making miRNAs useful in cancer diagnosis and therapeutic guidance. In a clinical context using methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the limited amount of miRNAs in circulation often limits their quantification. Here, we present a PCR-free and sensitive singlet oxygen (1O2)-based strategy for the detection and quantification of miRNAs in untreated human plasma from patients diagnosed with prostate cancer. A target miRNA is specifically captured by functionalised magnetic beads and a detection oligonucleotide probe in a sandwich-like format. The formed complex is concentrated at the sensor surface via magnetic beads, providing an interface for the photoinduced redox signal amplification. The detection oligonucleotide probe bears a molecular photosensitiser, which produces 1O2 upon illumination, oxidising a redox reporter and creating a redox cycling loop, allowing quantification of pM level miRNA in diluted human plasma within minutes after hybridisation and without target amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Thiruvottriyur Shanmugam
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rui Campos
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stanislav Trashin
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Elise Daems
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Diogo Carneiro
- i3S, Tumour & Microenvironment Interactions Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Department of Urology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Largo Prof. Abel Salazar, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal
| | - Avelino Fraga
- i3S, Tumour & Microenvironment Interactions Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Department of Urology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Largo Prof. Abel Salazar, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Ribeiro
- i3S, Tumour & Microenvironment Interactions Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Largo Prof. Abel Salazar, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal
| | - Karolien De Wael
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
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Daems E, Bassini S, Mariën L, Op de Beeck H, Stratulat A, Zwaenepoel K, Vandamme T, Op de Beeck K, Koljenović S, Peeters M, Van Camp G, De Wael K. Singlet oxygen-based photoelectrochemical detection of single-point mutations in the KRAS oncogene. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 249:115957. [PMID: 38199080 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Single nucleotide point mutations in the KRAS oncogene occur frequently in human cancers, rendering them intriguing targets for diagnosis, early detection and personalized treatment. Current detection methods are based on polymerase chain reaction, sometimes combined with next-generation sequencing, which can be expensive, complex and have limited availability. Here, we propose a novel singlet oxygen (1O2)-based photoelectrochemical detection methodology for single-point mutations, using KRAS mutations as a case study. This detection method combines the use of a sandwich assay, magnetic beads and robust chemical photosensitizers, that need only air and light to produce 1O2, to ensure high specificity and sensitivity. We demonstrate that hybridization of the sandwich hybrid at high temperatures enables discrimination between mutated and wild-type sequences with a detection rate of up to 93.9%. Additionally, the presence of background DNA sequences derived from human cell-line DNA, not containing the mutation of interest, did not result in a signal, highlighting the specificity of the methodology. A limit of detection as low as 112 pM (1.25 ng/mL) was achieved without employing any amplification techniques. The developed 1O2-based photoelectrochemical methodology exhibits unique features, including rapidity, ease of use, and affordability, highlighting its immense potential in the field of nucleic acid-based diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Daems
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2020, Belgium; NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2020, Belgium
| | - Simone Bassini
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2020, Belgium; NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2020, Belgium
| | - Laura Mariën
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, 2650, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research, Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
| | - Hannah Op de Beeck
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2020, Belgium; NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2020, Belgium
| | - Alexandr Stratulat
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2020, Belgium; NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2020, Belgium
| | - Karen Zwaenepoel
- Center for Oncological Research, Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium; Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, 2650, Belgium
| | - Timon Vandamme
- Center for Oncological Research, Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium; Department of Oncology and Multidisciplinary Oncological Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, 2650, Belgium
| | - Ken Op de Beeck
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, 2650, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research, Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
| | - Senada Koljenović
- Center for Oncological Research, Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium; Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, 2650, Belgium
| | - Marc Peeters
- Center for Oncological Research, Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium; Department of Oncology and Multidisciplinary Oncological Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, 2650, Belgium
| | - Guy Van Camp
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, 2650, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research, Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Wael
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2020, Belgium; NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2020, Belgium.
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Smets B, Boschker HTS, Wetherington MT, Lelong G, Hidalgo-Martinez S, Polerecky L, Nuyts G, De Wael K, Meysman FJR. Multi-wavelength Raman microscopy of nickel-based electron transport in cable bacteria. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1208033. [PMID: 38525072 PMCID: PMC10959288 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1208033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cable bacteria embed a network of conductive protein fibers in their cell envelope that efficiently guides electron transport over distances spanning up to several centimeters. This form of long-distance electron transport is unique in biology and is mediated by a metalloprotein with a sulfur-coordinated nickel (Ni) cofactor. However, the molecular structure of this cofactor remains presently unknown. Here, we applied multi-wavelength Raman microscopy to identify cell compounds linked to the unique cable bacterium physiology, combined with stable isotope labeling, and orientation-dependent and ultralow-frequency Raman microscopy to gain insight into the structure and organization of this novel Ni-cofactor. Raman spectra of native cable bacterium filaments reveal vibrational modes originating from cytochromes, polyphosphate granules, proteins, as well as the Ni-cofactor. After selective extraction of the conductive fiber network from the cell envelope, the Raman spectrum becomes simpler, and primarily retains vibrational modes associated with the Ni-cofactor. These Ni-cofactor modes exhibit intense Raman scattering as well as a strong orientation-dependent response. The signal intensity is particularly elevated when the polarization of incident laser light is parallel to the direction of the conductive fibers. This orientation dependence allows to selectively identify the modes that are associated with the Ni-cofactor. We identified 13 such modes, some of which display strong Raman signals across the entire range of applied wavelengths (405-1,064 nm). Assignment of vibrational modes, supported by stable isotope labeling, suggest that the structure of the Ni-cofactor shares a resemblance with that of nickel bis(1,2-dithiolene) complexes. Overall, our results indicate that cable bacteria have evolved a unique cofactor structure that does not resemble any of the known Ni-cofactors in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bent Smets
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Henricus T. S. Boschker
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Maxwell T. Wetherington
- Materials Characterization Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
| | - Gérald Lelong
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Universités, France—Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | | | - Lubos Polerecky
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gert Nuyts
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Wael
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Filip J. R. Meysman
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
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Van Echelpoel R, De Wael K. Voltammetric drug testing makes sense at the border. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:79-81. [PMID: 38216804 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00571-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Van Echelpoel
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Wael
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Van Echelpoel R, Joosten F, Parrilla M, De Wael K. Progress on the Electrochemical Sensing of Illicit Drugs. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 2024. [PMID: 38273206 DOI: 10.1007/10_2023_239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Illicit drugs are harmful substances, threatening both health and safety of societies in all corners of the world. Several policies have been developed over time to deal with this illicit drug problem, including supply reduction and harm reduction policies. Both policies require on-site detection tools to succeed, i.e. sensors that can identify illicit drugs in samples at the point-of-care. Electrochemical sensors are highly suited for this task, due to their short analysis times, low cost, high accuracy, portability and orthogonality with current technologies. In this chapter, we evaluate the latest trend in electrochemical sensing of illicit drugs, with a focus on detection of illicit drugs in seizures and body fluids. Furthermore, we will also provide an outlook on the potential of electrochemistry in wearable sensors for this purpose.
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Steijlen ASM, Parrilla M, Van Echelpoel R, De Wael K. Dual Microfluidic Sensor System for Enriched Electrochemical Profiling and Identification of Illicit Drugs On-Site. Anal Chem 2024; 96:590-598. [PMID: 38154077 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical sensors have emerged as a new analytical tool for illicit drug detection to facilitate ultrafast and accurate identification of suspicious compounds on-site. Drugs of abuse can be identified using their unique voltammetric fingerprint at a given pH. Today, the right buffer solution is manually selected based on drug appearance, and in some cases, a consecutive analysis in two different pH solutions is required. In this work, we present a disposable microfluidic multichannel sensor system that automatically records fingerprints in two pH solutions (e.g., pH 5 and pH 12). This system has two advantages. It will overcome the manual selection of a buffer solution at the right pH, decrease analysis time, and minimize the risk of human errors. Second, the combination of two fingerprints, the superfingerprint, contains more detailed information about the samples, which enhances the selectivity of the analytical technique. First, real-time pH measurements proved that the sample can be brought to the desired pH within a minute. Subsequently, an electrochemical study on the microfluidic platform with 1 mM illicit drug standards of MDMA, cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine showed that the characteristic voltammetric fingerprints and peak potentials are reproducible, also in the presence of common cutting agents. Finally, the microfluidic concept was validated with real confiscated samples, showing promising results for the user-friendly identification of drugs of abuse. In short, this paper presents a successful proof-of-concept study of a multichannel microfluidic sensor system to enrich the fingerprints of illicit drugs at pH 5 and pH 12, thus providing a low-cost, portable, and rapid identification system of illicit drugs with minimal user intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarijn S M Steijlen
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marc Parrilla
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Robin Van Echelpoel
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Wael
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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Parrilla M, Detamornrat U, Domínguez-Robles J, Tunca S, Donnelly RF, De Wael K. Wearable Microneedle-Based Array Patches for Continuous Electrochemical Monitoring and Drug Delivery: Toward a Closed-Loop System for Methotrexate Treatment. ACS Sens 2023; 8:4161-4170. [PMID: 37856156 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Wearable devices based on microneedle (MN) technology have recently emerged as tools for in situ transdermal sensing or delivery in interstitial fluid (ISF). Particularly, MN-based electrochemical sensors allow the continuous monitoring of analytes in a minimally invasive manner through ISF. Exogenous small molecules found in ISF such as therapeutic drugs are ideal candidates for MN sensors due to their correlation with blood levels and their relevance for the optimal management of personalized therapies. Herein, a hollow MN array patch is modified with conductive pastes and functionalized with cross-linked chitosan to develop an MN-based voltammetric sensor for continuous monitoring of methotrexate (MTX). Interestingly, the chitosan coating avoids biofouling while enabling the adsorption of MTX at the electrode's surface for sensitive analysis. The MN sensor exhibits excellent analytical performance in vitro with protein-enriched artificial ISF and ex vivo under a Franz diffusion cell configuration. The MN sensor shows a linear range from 25 to 400 μM, which fits within the therapeutic range of high-dose MTX treatment for cancer patients and an excellent continuous operation for more than two days. Moreover, an iontophoretic hollow MN array patch is developed with the integration of both the anode and cathode in the single MN array patch. The ex vivo characterization demonstrates the transdermal on-demand drug delivery of MTX. Overall, the combination of both MN patches represents impactful progress in closed-loop systems for therapeutic drug management in disorders such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, or psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Parrilla
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Usanee Detamornrat
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, U.K
| | - Juan Domínguez-Robles
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, U.K
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Seville, 97 Lisburn Road, Seville 41004, Spain
| | - Sensu Tunca
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, U.K
| | - Karolien De Wael
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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Truta FM, Cruz AG, Dragan AM, Tertis M, Cowen T, Stefan MG, Topala T, Slosse A, Piletska E, Van Durme F, Kiss B, De Wael K, Piletsky SA, Cristea C. Design of smart nanoparticles for the electrochemical detection of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine to allow in field screening by law enforcement officers. Drug Test Anal 2023. [PMID: 37991112 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
A portable and highly sensitive sensor was designed for the specific detection of 3,4-methyl-enedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA), in a range of field-testing situations. The sensor can detect MDMA in street samples, even when other controlled substances drugs, or adulterants are present. In this work, we report for the first time a sensor using electroactive molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles computationally designed to recognize MDMA and then produced using solid phase synthesis. A composite comprising chitosan, reduced graphene oxide, and molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles synthesized for MDMA for the first time was immobilized on screen-printed carbon electrodes. The sensors displayed a satisfactory sensitivity (106.8 nA × μM-1 ), limit of detection (1.6 nM; 0.31 ng/mL), and recoveries (92-99%). The accuracy of the results was confirmed through validation using Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). This technology could be used in forensic analysis and make it possible to selectively detect MDMA in street samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florina Maria Truta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Ana-Maria Dragan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Tertis
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Todd Cowen
- Chemistry Department, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Maria-Geogia Stefan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Tamara Topala
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Amorn Slosse
- Drugs and Toxicology Department, National Institute for Criminalistics and Criminology (NICC), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elena Piletska
- Chemistry Department, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Filip Van Durme
- Drugs and Toxicology Department, National Institute for Criminalistics and Criminology (NICC), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bela Kiss
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Karolien De Wael
- A-Sense Lab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Ctr Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Cecilia Cristea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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11
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Dragan AM, Feier BG, Tertiș M, Bodoki E, Truta F, Ștefan MG, Kiss B, Van Durme F, De Wael K, Oprean R, Cristea C. Forensic Analysis of Synthetic Cathinones on Nanomaterials-Based Platforms: Chemometric-Assisted Voltametric and UPLC-MS/MS Investigation. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2393. [PMID: 37686901 PMCID: PMC10489959 DOI: 10.3390/nano13172393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic cathinones (SCs) are a group of new psychoactive substances often referred to as "legal highs" or "bath salts", being characterized by a dynamic change, new compounds continuously emerging on the market. This creates a lack of fast screening tests, making SCs a constant concern for law enforcement agencies. Herein, we present a fast and simple method for the detection of four SCs (alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone, N-ethylhexedrone, 4-chloroethcathinone, and 3-chloromethcathinone) based on their electrochemical profiles in a decentralized manner. In this regard, the voltametric characterization of the SCs was performed by cyclic and square wave voltammetry. The elucidation of the SCs redox pathways was successfully achieved using liquid chromatography coupled to (tandem) mass spectrometry. For the rational identification of the ideal experimental conditions, chemometric data processing was employed, considering two critical qualitative and quantitative variables: the type of the electrochemical platform and the pH of the electrolyte. The analytical figures of merit were determined on standard working solutions using the optimized method, which exhibited wide linear ranges and LODs suitable for confiscated sample screening. Finally, the performance of the method was evaluated on real confiscated samples, the resulting validation parameters being similar to those obtained with another portable device (i.e., Raman spectrometer).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Dragan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- A-Sense Lab, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2010 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bogdan George Feier
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Tertiș
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ede Bodoki
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Florina Truta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria-Georgia Ștefan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Béla Kiss
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Filip Van Durme
- Drugs and Toxicology Department, National Institute for Criminalistics and Criminology (NICC), Vilvoordsesteenweg 100, 1120 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Wael
- A-Sense Lab, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2010 Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2010 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Radu Oprean
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cecilia Cristea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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12
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Campos R, Shanmugam ST, Daems E, Ribeiro R, De Wael K. Development of an electrochemiluminescent oligonucleotide-based assay for the quantification of prostate cancer associated miR-141-3p in human serum. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 153:108495. [PMID: 37399650 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small oligonucleotides (18-25 bases), biologically relevant for epigenetic regulation of key processes, particularly in association with cancer. Research effort has therefore been directed towards the monitoring and detection of miRNAs to progress (early) cancer diagnoses. Traditional detection strategies for miRNAs are expensive, with a lengthy time-to-result. In this study we develop an oligonucleotide-based assay using electrochemistry for the specific, selective and sensitive detection of a circulating miRNA (miR-141) associated with prostate cancer. In the assay, the excitation and readout of the signal are independent: an electrochemical stimulation followed by an optical readout. A 'sandwich' approach is incorporated, consisting of a biotinylated capture probe immobilised on streptavidin-functionalised surfaces and a detection probe labelled with digoxigenin. We show that the assay allows the detection of miR-141 in human serum, even in the presence of other miRNAs, with a LOD of 0.25 pM. The developed electrochemiluminescent assay has, therefore, the potential for efficient universal oligonucleotide target detection via the redesign of capture and detection probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Campos
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Saranya Thiruvottriyur Shanmugam
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Elise Daems
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ricardo Ribeiro
- i3S, Tumour & Microenvironment Interactions Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Largo Prof. Abel Salazar, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal
| | - Karolien De Wael
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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13
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Detamornrat U, Parrilla M, Domínguez-Robles J, Anjani QK, Larrañeta E, De Wael K, Donnelly RF. Transdermal on-demand drug delivery based on an iontophoretic hollow microneedle array system. Lab Chip 2023; 23:2304-2315. [PMID: 37073607 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00160a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery has emerged as an alternative administration route for therapeutic drugs, overcoming current issues in oral and parenteral administration. However, this technology is hindered by the low permeability of the stratum corneum of the skin. In this work, we develop a synergic combination of two enhancing technologies to contribute to an improved and on-demand drug delivery through an iontophoretic system coupled with hollow microneedles (HMNs). For the first time, a polymeric HMN array coupled with integrated iontophoresis for the delivery of charged molecules and macromolecules (e.g. proteins) is devised. To prove the concept, methylene blue, fluorescein sodium, lidocaine hydrochloride, and bovine serum albumin-fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugate (BSA-FITC) were first tested in an in vitro setup using 1.5% agarose gel model. Subsequently, the ex vivo drug permeation study using a Franz diffusion cell was conducted, exhibiting a 61-fold, 43-fold, 54-fold, and 17-fold increment of the permeation of methylene blue, fluorescein sodium, lidocaine hydrochloride, and BSA-FITC, respectively, during the application of 1 mA cm-2 current for 6 h. Moreover, the total amount of drug delivered (i.e. in the skin and receptor compartment) was analysed to untangle the different delivery profiles according to the types of molecule. Finally, the integration of the anode and cathode into an iontophoretic hollow microneedle array system (IHMAS) offers the full miniaturisation of the concept. Overall, the IHMAS device provides a versatile wearable technology for transdermal on-demand drug delivery that can improve the administration of personalised doses, and potentially enhance precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usanee Detamornrat
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Marc Parrilla
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Juan Domínguez-Robles
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Qonita Kurnia Anjani
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Eneko Larrañeta
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Karolien De Wael
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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Dragan AM, Parrilla M, Sleegers N, Slosse A, Van Durme F, van Nuijs A, Oprean R, Cristea C, De Wael K. Investigating the electrochemical profile of methamphetamine to enable fast on-site detection in forensic analysis. Talanta 2023; 255:124208. [PMID: 36628903 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) is a synthetic psychoactive drug which is consumed both licitly and illicitly. In some countries it is prescribed for attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder, and short-term treatment of obesity. More often though, it is abused for its psychostimulant properties. Unfortunately, the spread and abuse of this synthetic drug have increased globally, being reported as the most widely consumed synthetic psychoactive drug in the world in 2019. Attempting to overcome the shortcomings of the currently used on-site methods for MA detection in suspected cargos, the present study explores the potential of electrochemical identification of MA by means of square wave voltammetry on disposable graphite screen-printed electrodes. Hence, the analytical characterization of the method was evaluated under optimal conditions exhibiting a linear range between 50 μM and 2.5 mM MA, a LOD of 16.7 μM, a LOQ of 50.0 μM and a sensitivity of 5.3 μA mM-1. Interestingly, two zones in the potential window were identified for the detection of MA, depending on its concentration in solution. Furthermore, the oxidative pathway of MA was elucidated employing liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry to understand the change in the electrochemical profile. Thereafter, the selectivity of the method towards MA in mixtures with other drugs of abuse as well as common adulterants/cutting agents was evaluated. Finally, the described method was employed for the analysis of MA in confiscated samples and compared with forensic methods, displaying its potential as a fast and easy-to-use method for on-site analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Dragan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Pasteur 6, 400349, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; A-Sense Lab, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2010, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marc Parrilla
- A-Sense Lab, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2010, Antwerp, Belgium; NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2010, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nick Sleegers
- A-Sense Lab, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2010, Antwerp, Belgium; NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2010, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Amorn Slosse
- Drugs and Toxicology Department, National Institute for Criminalistics and Criminology (NICC), Vilvoordsesteenweg 100, 1120, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Durme
- Drugs and Toxicology Department, National Institute for Criminalistics and Criminology (NICC), Vilvoordsesteenweg 100, 1120, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alexander van Nuijs
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Radu Oprean
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Pasteur 6, 400349, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cecilia Cristea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Pasteur 6, 400349, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Karolien De Wael
- A-Sense Lab, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2010, Antwerp, Belgium; NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2010, Antwerp, Belgium.
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15
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Moro G, Campos R, Daems E, Maria Moretto L, De Wael K. Haem-Mediated Albumin Biosensing: Towards Voltammetric Detection of PFOA. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 152:108428. [PMID: 37004377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The haem group is a promising redox probe for the design of albumin-based voltammetric sensors. Among the endogenous ligands carried by human serum albumin (hSA), haem is characterised by a reversible redox behaviour and its binding kinetics strongly depend on hSA's conformation, which, in turn, depends on the presence of other ligands. In this work, the potential applicability of haem, especially hemin, as a redox probe was first tested in a proof-of-concept study using perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) as model analyte. PFOA is known to bind hSA by occupying Sudlow's I site (FA7) which is spatially related to the haem-binding site (FA1). The latter undergoes a conformational change, which is expected to affect hemin's binding kinetics. To verify this hypothesis, hemin:albumin complexes in the presence/absence of PFOA were first screened by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Once the complex formation was verified, haem was further characterised via electrochemical methods to estimate its electron transfer kinetics. The hemin:albumin:PFOA system was studied in solution, with the aim of describing the multiple equilibria at stake and designing an electrochemical assay for PFOA monitoring. This latter could be integrated with protein-based bioremediation approaches for the treatment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances polluted waters. Overall, our preliminary results show how hemin can be applied as a redox probe in albumin-based voltammetric sensing strategies.
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16
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Van Echelpoel R, Parrilla M, Sleegers N, Shanmugam ST, van Nuijs AL, Slosse A, Van Durme F, De Wael K. Validated portable device for the qualitative and quantitative electrochemical detection of MDMA ready for on-site use. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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17
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Ehirim T, Ozoemena OC, Mwonga PV, Haruna AB, Mofokeng TP, De Wael K, Ozoemena KI. Onion-like Carbons Provide a Favorable Electrocatalytic Platform for the Sensitive Detection of Tramadol Drug. ACS Omega 2022; 7:47892-47905. [PMID: 36591171 PMCID: PMC9798499 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the first study on the possible application of nanodiamond-derived onion-like carbons (OLCs), in comparison with conductive carbon black (CB), as an electrode platform for the electrocatalytic detection of tramadol (an important drug of abuse). The physicochemical properties of OLCs and CB were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The OLC exhibits, among others, higher surface area, more surface defects, and higher thermal stability than CB. From the electrochemical analysis (interrogated using cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy), it is shown that an OLC-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE-OLC) allows faster electron transport and electrocatalysis toward tramadol compared to a GCE-CB. To establish the underlying science behind the high performance of the OLC, theoretical calculations (density functional theory (DFT) simulations) were conducted. DFT predicts that OLC allows for weaker surface binding of tramadol (E ad = -26.656 eV) and faster kinetic energy (K.E. = -155.815 Ha) than CB (E ad = -40.174 eV and -305.322 Ha). The GCE-OLC shows a linear calibration curve for tramadol over the range of ∼55 to 392 μM, with high sensitivity (0.0315 μA/μM) and low limit of detection (LoD) and quantification (LoQ) (3.8 and 12.7 μM, respectively). The OLC-modified screen-printed electrode (SPE-OLC) was successfully applied for the sensitive detection of tramadol in real pharmaceutical formulations and human serum. The OLC-based electrochemical sensor promises to be useful for the sensitive and accurate detection of tramadol in clinics, quality control, and routine quantification of tramadol drugs in pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobechukwu
J. Ehirim
- Molecular
Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg2050, South Africa
| | - Okoroike C. Ozoemena
- Molecular
Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg2050, South Africa
| | - Patrick V. Mwonga
- Molecular
Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg2050, South Africa
| | - Aderemi B. Haruna
- Molecular
Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg2050, South Africa
| | - Thapelo P. Mofokeng
- Molecular
Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg2050, South Africa
| | - Karolien De Wael
- A-Sense
Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab
Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kenneth I. Ozoemena
- Molecular
Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg2050, South Africa
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18
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Joosten F, Parrilla M, van Nuijs AL, Ozoemena KI, De Wael K. Electrochemical detection of illicit drugs in oral fluid: potential for forensic drug testing. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Samal SK, Soenen S, Puppi D, De Wael K, Pati S, De Smedt S, Braeckmans K, Dubruel P. Bio-Nanohybrid Gelatin/Quantum Dots for Cellular Imaging and Biosensing Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911867. [PMID: 36233168 PMCID: PMC9570018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The bio-nanohybrid gelatin protein/cadmium sulfide (Gel/CdS) quantum dots (QDs) have been designed via a facile one-pot strategy. The amino acids group of gelatin chelate Cd2+ and grow CdS QDs without any agglomeration. The 1H NMR spectra indicate that during the above process there are no alterations of the gelatin protein structure conformation and chemical functionalities. The prepared Gel/CdS QDs were characterized and their potential as a system for cellular imaging and the electrochemical sensor for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) detection applications were investigated. The obtained results demonstrate that the developed Gel/CdS QDs system could offer a simple and convenient operating strategy both for the class of contrast agents for cell labeling and electrochemical sensors purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangram Keshari Samal
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine for Advanced Therapies, Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar 751013, Odisha, India
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Center for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefaan Soenen
- Biomedical MRI Unit/MoSAIC, KU Leuven Department of Medicine, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dario Puppi
- BioLab Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, UdR INSTM-Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Karolien De Wael
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine for Advanced Therapies, Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar 751013, Odisha, India
| | - Stefaan De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Center for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Center for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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Montiel NF, Parrilla M, Sleegers N, Van Durme F, van Nuijs AL, De Wael K. Electrochemical sensing of amphetamine-type stimulants (pre)-precursors to fight against the illicit production of synthetic drugs. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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21
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Khan SU, Trashin S, Beltran V, Korostei YS, Pelmus M, Gorun SM, Dubinina TV, Verbruggen SW, De Wael K. Photoelectrochemical Behavior of Phthalocyanine-Sensitized TiO 2 in the Presence of Electron-Shuttling Mediators. Anal Chem 2022; 94:12723-12731. [PMID: 36094164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized TiO2 has found many applications for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC), solar-to-chemical energy conversion, water/air purification systems, and (electro)chemical sensors. We report an electrochemical system for testing dye-sensitized materials that can be utilized in photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensors and energy conversion. Unlike related systems, the reported system does not require a direct electron transfer from semiconductors to electrodes. Rather, it relies on electron shuttling by redox mediators. A range of model photocatalytic materials were prepared using three different TiO2 materials (P25, P90, and PC500) and three sterically hindered phthalocyanines (Pcs) with electron-rich tert-butyl substituents (t-Bu4PcZn, t-Bu4PcAlCl, and t-Bu4PcH2). The materials were compared with previously developed TiO2 modified by electron-deficient, also sterically hindered fluorinated phthalocyanine F64PcZn, a singlet oxygen (1O2) producer, as well as its metal-free derivative, F64PcH2. The PEC activity depended on the redox mediator, as well as the type of TiO2 and Pc. By comparing the responses of one-electron shuttles, such as K4Fe(CN)4, and 1O2-reactive electron shuttles, such as phenol, it is possible to reveal the action mechanism of the supported photosensitizers, while the overall activity can be assessed using hydroquinone. t-Bu4PcAlCl showed significantly lower blank responses and higher specific responses toward chlorophenols compared to t-Bu4PcZn due to the electron-withdrawing effect of the Al3+ metal center. The combination of reactivity insights and the need for only microgram amounts of sensing materials renders the reported system advantageous for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Ullah Khan
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2020, Belgium.,NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2020, Belgium.,DuEL Research Group, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
| | - Stanislav Trashin
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2020, Belgium.,NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
| | - Victoria Beltran
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2020, Belgium.,NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
| | - Yuliya S Korostei
- Institiute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Science, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region 14243, Russian Federation
| | - Marius Pelmus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Center for Functional Materials, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey 07079, United States
| | - Sergiu M Gorun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Center for Functional Materials, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey 07079, United States
| | - Tatiana V Dubinina
- Institiute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Science, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region 14243, Russian Federation.,Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Sammy W Verbruggen
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2020, Belgium.,DuEL Research Group, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Wael
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2020, Belgium.,NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
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22
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Neven L, Barich H, Rutten R, De Wael K. Novel (Photo)electrochemical Analysis of Aqueous Industrial Samples Containing Phenols. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Neven L, Barich H, Sleegers N, Cánovas R, Debruyne G, De Wael K. Development of a combi-electrosensor for the detection of phenol by combining photoelectrochemistry and square wave voltammetry. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1206:339732. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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24
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de Jong M, Van Echelpoel R, Langley AR, Eliaerts J, van den Berg J, De Wilde M, Somers N, Samyn N, De Wael K. Real-time electrochemical screening of cocaine in lab and field settings with automatic result generation. Drug Test Anal 2022; 14:1471-1481. [PMID: 35460207 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the results of a novel application for the fast on-site screening of cocaine and its main cutting agents in suspicious and confiscated samples. The methodology behind the novel application consists of portable electrochemical detection coupled with a peak-recognition algorithm for automated result output generation, validated both in laboratory and field settings. Currently used field tests, predominantly colorimetric tests, are lacking accuracy, often giving false positive or negative results. This presses the need for alternative approaches to field testing. By combining portable electrochemical approaches with peak-recognition algorithms, an accuracy of 98.4% concerning the detection of cocaine was achieved on a set of 374 powder samples. In addition, the approach was tested on multiple 'smuggled', colored cocaine powders and cocaine mixtures in solid and liquid states, typically in matrices such as charcoal, syrup and clothing. Despite these attempts to hide cocaine, our approach succeeded in detecting cocaine during on-site screening scenarios. This feature presents an advantage over colorimetric and optical detection techniques, which can fail with colored sample matrices. This enhanced accuracy on smuggled samples will lead to increased efficiency in confiscation procedures in the field, thus significantly reducing societal economic and safety concerns and highlighting the potential for electrochemical approaches in on-the-spot identification of drugs of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats de Jong
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, A-Sense Lab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,NANOlab Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Robin Van Echelpoel
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, A-Sense Lab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,NANOlab Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Amelia R Langley
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, A-Sense Lab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,NANOlab Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joy Eliaerts
- Drugs and Toxicology Department, National Institute for Criminalistics and Criminology (NICC), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jorrit van den Berg
- Team Illicit Drugs, The Netherlands Forensic Institute (NFI), The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Mark De Wilde
- Douane en Accijnzen Antwerpen, FOD Financiën, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Norbert Somers
- Douane en Accijnzen Antwerpen, FOD Financiën, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Nele Samyn
- Drugs and Toxicology Department, National Institute for Criminalistics and Criminology (NICC), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Wael
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, A-Sense Lab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,NANOlab Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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25
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Neven L, Barich H, Ching HYV, Khan SU, Colomier C, Patel HH, Gorun SM, Verbruggen S, Van Doorslaer S, De Wael K. Correlation between the Fluorination Degree of Perfluorinated Zinc Phthalocyanines, Their Singlet Oxygen Generation Ability, and Their Photoelectrochemical Response for Phenol Sensing. Anal Chem 2022; 94:5221-5230. [PMID: 35316027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Electron-withdrawing perfluoroalkyl peripheral groups grafted on phthalocyanine (Pc) macrocycles improve their single-site isolation, solubility, and resistance to self-oxidation, all beneficial features for catalytic applications. A high degree of fluorination also enhances the reducibility of Pcs and could alter their singlet oxygen (1O2) photoproduction. The ethanol/toluene 20:80 vol % solvent mixture was found to dissolve perfluorinated FnPcZn complexes, n = 16, 52, and 64, and minimize the aggregation of the sterically unencumbered F16PcZn. The 1O2 production ability of FnPcZn complexes was examined using 9,10-dimethylanthracene (DMA) and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (TEMP) in combination with UV-vis and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, respectively. While the photoreduction of F52PcZn and F64PcZn in the presence of redox-active TEMP lowered 1O2 production, DMA was a suitable 1O2 trap for ranking the complexes. The solution reactivity was complemented by solid-state studies via the construction of photoelectrochemical sensors based on TiO2-supported FnPcZn, FnPcZn|TiO2. Phenol photo-oxidation by 1O2, followed by its electrochemical reduction, defines a redox cycle, the 1O2 production having been found to depend on the value of n and structural features of the supported complexes. Consistent with solution studies, F52PcZn was found to be the most efficient 1O2 generator. The insights on reactivity testing and structural-activity relationships obtained may be useful for designing efficient and robust sensors and for other 1O2-related applications of FnPcZn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liselotte Neven
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.,NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.,BIMEF Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Hanan Barich
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.,NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - H Y Vincent Ching
- BIMEF Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Shahid U Khan
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.,NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.,DuEL Research Group, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christopher Colomier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Centre for Functional Materials, Seton Hall University, 400 South Orange Ave, New Jersey 07079, United States
| | - Hemantbhai H Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Centre for Functional Materials, Seton Hall University, 400 South Orange Ave, New Jersey 07079, United States
| | - Sergiu M Gorun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Centre for Functional Materials, Seton Hall University, 400 South Orange Ave, New Jersey 07079, United States
| | - Sammy Verbruggen
- DuEL Research Group, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sabine Van Doorslaer
- BIMEF Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Wael
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.,NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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26
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Marchetti A, Beltran V, Nuyts G, Borondics F, De Meyer S, Van Bos M, Jaroszewicz J, Otten E, Debulpaep M, De Wael K. Novel optical photothermal infrared (O-PTIR) spectroscopy for the noninvasive characterization of heritage glass-metal objects. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabl6769. [PMID: 35245121 PMCID: PMC8896789 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl6769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Optical photothermal infrared (O-PTIR) is a recently developed molecular spectroscopy technique that allows to noninvasively obtain chemical information on organic and inorganic samples at a submicrometric scale. The high spatial resolution (≈450 nm), lack of sample preparation, and comparability of the spectral results to traditional Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy make it a promising candidate for the analysis of cultural heritage. In this work, the potential of O-PTIR for the noninvasive characterization of small heritage objects (few cubic centimeters) is demonstrated on a series of degraded 16th century brass and glass decorative elements. These small and challenging samples, typically encountering limitations with existing noninvasive methods such as macroscopic x-ray powder diffraction and μRaman, were successfully characterized by O-PTIR, ultimately identifying the markers of glass-induced metal corrosion processes. The results clearly demonstrate how O-PTIR can be easily implemented in a noninvasive multianalytical strategy for the study of heritage materials, making it a fundamental tool for cultural heritage analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Marchetti
- AXES Research Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NanoLab Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Victoria Beltran
- AXES Research Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NanoLab Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gert Nuyts
- AXES Research Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NanoLab Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ferenc Borondics
- Synchrotron Soleil, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - Steven De Meyer
- AXES Research Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NanoLab Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marina Van Bos
- Royal Institute for Cultural Heritage (KIK-IRPA), Parc du Cinquantenaire 1, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jakub Jaroszewicz
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, ul. Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elke Otten
- Royal Institute for Cultural Heritage (KIK-IRPA), Parc du Cinquantenaire 1, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marjolijn Debulpaep
- Royal Institute for Cultural Heritage (KIK-IRPA), Parc du Cinquantenaire 1, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Wael
- AXES Research Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NanoLab Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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27
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Van Echelpoel R, Kranenburg RF, van Asten AC, De Wael K. Electrochemical detection of MDMA and 2C-B in ecstasy tablets using a selectivity enhancement strategy by in-situ derivatization. Forensic Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2021.100383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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28
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Neven L, Barich H, Pelmus M, Gorun S, De Wael K, Pelmuş M, Gorun SM. The Role of Singlet Oxygen, Superoxide, Hydroxide and Hydrogen Peroxide in the Photoelectrochemical Response of Phenols at a Supported Highly Fluorinated Zinc Phthalocyanine. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liselotte Neven
- Universiteit Antwerpen Faculteit Wetenschappen Bioscience Engineering Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerpen BELGIUM
| | - Hanan Barich
- Universiteit Antwerpen Faculteit Wetenschappen Bioscience Engineering Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerpen BELGIUM
| | - Marius Pelmus
- Seton Hall University Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Center for Functional Materials UNITED STATES
| | - Sergiu Gorun
- Seton Hall University Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Center for Functional Materials UNITED STATES
| | - Karolien De Wael
- Universiteit Antwerpen Faculteit Wetenschappen Bioscience Engineering BELGIUM
| | - Marius Pelmuş
- Seton Hall University Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Center for Functional Materials UNITED STATES
| | - Segiu M. Gorun
- Seton Hall University Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Center for Functional Materials UNITED STATES
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29
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Barich H, Cánovas R, De Wael K. Electrochemical identification of hazardous phenols and their complex mixtures in real samples using unmodified screen-printed electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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30
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Shanmugam ST, Trashin S, De Wael K. Singlet oxygen-based photoelectrochemical detection of DNA. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 195:113652. [PMID: 34583105 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The current work, designed for the photoelectrochemical detection of DNA, evaluates light-responsive DNA probes carrying molecular photosensitizers generating singlet oxygen (1O2). We take advantage of their chromophore's ability to produce 1O2 upon photoexcitation and subsequent photocurrent response. Type I, fluorescent and type II photosensitizers were studied using diode lasers at 406 nm blue, 532 nm green and 659 nm red lasers in the presensce and absence of a redox reporter, hydroquinone (HQ). Only type II photosensitizers (producing 1O2) resulted in a noticeable photocurrent in 1-4 nA range upon illumination, in particular, dissolved DNA probes labeled with chlorin e6 and erythrosine were found to give a well-detectable photocurrent response in the presence of HQ. Whereas, Type I photosensitizers and fluorescent chromophores generate negligible photocurrents (<0.15 nA). The analytical performance of the sensing system was evaluated using a magnetic beads-based DNA assay on disposable electrode platforms, with a focus to enhance the sensitivity and robustness of the technique in detecting complementary DNA targets. Amplified photocurrent responses in the range of 70-100 nA were obtained and detection limits of 17 pM and 10 pM were achieved using magnetic beads-captured chlorin e6 and erythrosine labeled DNA probes respectively. The presented novel photoelectrochemical detection can further be optimized and employed in applications for which enzymatic amplification such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is not applicable owing to their limitations and as an effective alternative to colorimetric detection when rapid detection of specific nucleic acid targets is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Thiruvottriyur Shanmugam
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioengineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium; NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stanislav Trashin
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioengineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium; NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Wael
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioengineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium; NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
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31
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Thiruvottriyur Shanmugam S, Van Echelpoel R, Boeye G, Eliaerts J, Samanipour M, Ching HYV, Florea A, Van Doorslaer S, Van Durme F, Samyn N, Parrilla M, De Wael K. Towards Developing a Screening Strategy for Ecstasy: Revealing the Electrochemical Profile. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202101198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Thiruvottriyur Shanmugam
- A-Sense Lab Department of Bioscience Engineering University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Robin Van Echelpoel
- A-Sense Lab Department of Bioscience Engineering University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Griet Boeye
- A-Sense Lab Department of Bioscience Engineering University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Joy Eliaerts
- National Institute for Criminalistics and Criminology (NICC) Vilvoordsesteenweg 100 1120 Brussels Belgium
| | - Mohammad Samanipour
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Biomedical Physics University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 2610 Wilrijk Belgium
| | - H. Y. Vincent Ching
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Biomedical Physics University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 2610 Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Anca Florea
- A-Sense Lab Department of Bioscience Engineering University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Sabine Van Doorslaer
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Biomedical Physics University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 2610 Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Filip Van Durme
- National Institute for Criminalistics and Criminology (NICC) Vilvoordsesteenweg 100 1120 Brussels Belgium
| | - Nele Samyn
- National Institute for Criminalistics and Criminology (NICC) Vilvoordsesteenweg 100 1120 Brussels Belgium
| | - Marc Parrilla
- A-Sense Lab Department of Bioscience Engineering University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Karolien De Wael
- A-Sense Lab Department of Bioscience Engineering University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
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32
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Cánovas R, Daems E, Campos R, Schellinck S, Madder A, Martins JC, Sobott F, De Wael K. Novel electrochemiluminescent assay for the aptamer-based detection of testosterone. Talanta 2021; 239:123121. [PMID: 34942485 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a proof-of-concept assay for the detection and quantification of small molecules based on aptamer recognition and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) readout. The testosterone-binding (TESS.1) aptamer was used to demonstrate the novel methodology. Upon binding of the target, the TESS.1 aptamer is released from its complementary capture probe - previously immobilized at the surface of the electrode - producing a decrease in the ECL signal after a washing step removing the released (labeled) TESS.1 aptamer. The analytical capability of the ECL assay towards testosterone detection was investigated displaying a linear range from 0.39 to 1.56 μM with a limit of detection of 0.29 μM. The selectivity of the proposed assay was assessed by performing two different negative control experiments; i) detection of testosterone with a randomized ssDNA sequence and ii) detection of two other steroids, i.e. deoxycholic acid and hydrocortisone with the TESS.1 aptamer. In parallel, complementary analytical techniques were employed to confirm the suggested mechanism: i) native nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (native nESI-MS) was used to determine the stoichiometry of the binding, and to characterize aptamer-target interactions; and, ii) isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) was carried out to elucidate the dissociation constant (Kd) of the complex of testosterone and the TESS.1 aptamer. The combination of these techniques provided a complete understanding of the aptamer performance, the binding mechanism, affinity and selectivity. Furthermore, this important characterization carried out in parallel validates the real functionality of the aptamer (TESS.1) ensuring its use towards selective testosterone binding in further biosensors. This research will pave the way for the development of new aptamer-based assays coupled with ECL sensing for the detection of relevant small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Cánovas
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium; NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Elise Daems
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium; NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium; BAMS Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rui Campos
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium; NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sofie Schellinck
- NMR and Structure Analysis Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Annemieke Madder
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - José C Martins
- NMR and Structure Analysis Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Frank Sobott
- BAMS Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium; Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Karolien De Wael
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium; NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
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33
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Dragan AM, Parrilla M, Feier B, Oprean R, Cristea C, De Wael K. Analytical techniques for the detection of amphetamine-type substances in different matrices: A comprehensive review. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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34
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Zhang T, Schilling W, Khan SU, Ching HYV, Lu C, Chen J, Jaworski A, Barcaro G, Monti S, De Wael K, Slabon A, Das S. Atomic-Level Understanding for the Enhanced Generation of Hydrogen Peroxide by the Introduction of an Aryl Amino Group in Polymeric Carbon Nitrides. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Universiteit Antwerpen, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Waldemar Schilling
- Department of Chemistry, Universiteit Antwerpen, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Shahid Ullah Khan
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Universiteit Antwerpen, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | | | - Can Lu
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jianhong Chen
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aleksander Jaworski
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giovanni Barcaro
- CNR-IPCF─Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Susanna Monti
- CNR-ICCOM─Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Karolien De Wael
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Universiteit Antwerpen, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Adam Slabon
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shoubhik Das
- Department of Chemistry, Universiteit Antwerpen, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
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35
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Parrilla M, Vanhooydonck A, Watts R, De Wael K. Wearable wristband-based electrochemical sensor for the detection of phenylalanine in biofluids. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 197:113764. [PMID: 34753096 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Wearable electrochemical sensors are driven by the user-friendly capability of on-site detection of key biomarkers for health management. Despite the advances in biomolecule monitoring such as glucose, still, several unmet clinical challenges need to be addressed. For example, patients suffering from phenylketonuria (PKU) should be able to monitor their phenylalanine (PHE) level in a rapid, decentralized, and affordable manner to avoid high levels of PHE in the body which can lead to a profound and irreversible mental disability. Herein, we report a wearable wristband electrochemical sensor for the monitoring of PHE tackling the necessity of controlling PHE levels in PHE hydroxylase deficiency patients. The proposed electrochemical sensor is based on a screen-printed electrode (SPE) modified with a membrane consisting of Nafion, to avoid interferences in biofluids. The membrane also consists of sodium 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulphonate for the in situ derivatization of PHE into an electroactive product, allowing its electrochemical oxidation at the surface of the SPE in alkaline conditions. Importantly, the electrochemical sensor is integrated into a wristband configuration to enhance user interaction and engage the patient with PHE self-monitoring. Besides, a paper-based sampling strategy is designed to alkalinize the real sample without the need for sample pretreatment, and thus simplify the analytical process. Finally, the wearable device is tested for the determination of PHE in saliva and blood serum. The proposed wristband-based sensor is expected to impact the PKU self-monitoring, facilitating the daily lives of PKU patients toward optimal therapy and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Parrilla
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Andres Vanhooydonck
- Product Development Research Group, Faculty of Design Sciences, University of Antwerp, Ambtmanstraat 1, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Regan Watts
- Product Development Research Group, Faculty of Design Sciences, University of Antwerp, Ambtmanstraat 1, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Wael
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
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36
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Trashin S, Morales-Yánez F, Thiruvottriyur Shanmugam S, Paredis L, Carrión EN, Sariego I, Muyldermans S, Polman K, Gorun SM, De Wael K. Nanobody-Based Immunosensor Detection Enhanced by Photocatalytic-Electrochemical Redox Cycling. Anal Chem 2021; 93:13606-13614. [PMID: 34585567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Detection of antigenic biomarkers present in trace amounts is of crucial importance for medical diagnosis. A parasitic disease, human toxocariasis, lacks an adequate diagnostic method despite its worldwide occurrence. The currently used serology tests may stay positive even years after a possibly unnoticed infection, whereas the direct detection of a re-infection or a still active infection remains a diagnostic challenge due to the low concentration of circulating parasitic antigens. We report a time-efficient sandwich immunosensor using small recombinant single-domain antibodies (nanobodies) derived from camelid heavy-chain antibodies specific to Toxocara canis antigens. An enhanced sensitivity to pg/mL levels is achieved by using a redox cycle consisting of a photocatalytic oxidation and electrochemical reduction steps. The photocatalytic oxidation is achieved by a photosensitizer generating singlet oxygen (1O2) that, in turn, readily reacts with p-nitrophenol enzymatically produced under alkaline conditions. The photooxidation produces benzoquinone that is electrochemically reduced to hydroquinone, generating an amperometric response. The light-driven process could be easily separated from the background, thus making amperometric detection more reliable. The proposed method for detection of the toxocariasis antigen marker shows superior performances compared to other detection schemes with the same nanobodies and outperforms by at least two orders of magnitude the assays based on regular antibodies, thus suggesting new opportunities for electrochemical immunoassays of challenging low levels of antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisco Morales-Yánez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Linda Paredis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Erik N Carrión
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Center for Functional Materials, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey 07079, United States
| | - Idalia Sariego
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kouri, 17100 Havana, Cuba
| | - Serge Muyldermans
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Katja Polman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sergiu M Gorun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Center for Functional Materials, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey 07079, United States
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Beltran V, Marchetti A, Nuyts G, Leeuwestein M, Sandt C, Borondics F, De Wael K. Innentitelbild: Nanoscale Analysis of Historical Paintings by Means of O‐PTIR Spectroscopy: The Identification of the Organic Particles in
L′Arlésienne (Portrait of Madame Ginoux)
by Van Gogh (Angew. Chem. 42/2021). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Beltran
- AXES research group University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
- NanoLab Center of Excellence University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Andrea Marchetti
- AXES research group University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
- NanoLab Center of Excellence University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Gert Nuyts
- AXES research group University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
- NanoLab Center of Excellence University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Karolien De Wael
- AXES research group University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
- NanoLab Center of Excellence University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
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Beltran V, Marchetti A, Nuyts G, Leeuwestein M, Sandt C, Borondics F, De Wael K. Inside Cover: Nanoscale Analysis of Historical Paintings by Means of O‐PTIR Spectroscopy: The Identification of the Organic Particles in
L′Arlésienne (Portrait of Madame Ginoux)
by Van Gogh (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 42/2021). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Beltran
- AXES research group University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
- NanoLab Center of Excellence University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Andrea Marchetti
- AXES research group University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
- NanoLab Center of Excellence University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Gert Nuyts
- AXES research group University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
- NanoLab Center of Excellence University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Karolien De Wael
- AXES research group University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
- NanoLab Center of Excellence University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
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39
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Beltran V, Marchetti A, Nuyts G, Leeuwestein M, Sandt C, Borondics F, De Wael K. Nanoscale Analysis of Historical Paintings by Means of O-PTIR Spectroscopy: The Identification of the Organic Particles in L'Arlésienne (Portrait of Madame Ginoux) by Van Gogh. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22753-22760. [PMID: 34165241 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Optical-photothermal infrared (O-PTIR) spectroscopy is a recently developed technique that provides spectra comparable to traditional transmission FTIR spectroscopy with nanometric spatial resolution. Hence, O-PTIR is a promising candidate for the analysis of historical paintings, as well as other cultural heritage objects, but its potential has not yet been evaluated. This work presents the first application of O-PTIR to the analysis of cultural heritage, and in particular to an extremely small fragment from Van Gogh's painting L'Arlésienne (portrait of Madame Ginoux). The striking results obtained, including the detection of geranium lake pigments as well as the complete analysis of the stratigraphy, failed with other state-of-the-art techniques, highlight the potential of this method. The integration of O-PTIR to the study of cultural heritage opens to the possibility of decreasing the amount of sample extracted, therefore contributing to the preservation of the integrity of artworks while providing a complete characterization of the materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Beltran
- AXES research group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.,NanoLab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Andrea Marchetti
- AXES research group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.,NanoLab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gert Nuyts
- AXES research group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.,NanoLab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Karolien De Wael
- AXES research group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.,NanoLab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
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40
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Beltran V, Marchetti A, Nuyts G, Leeuwestein M, Sandt C, Borondics F, De Wael K. Nanoscale Analysis of Historical Paintings by Means of O‐PTIR Spectroscopy: The Identification of the Organic Particles in
L′Arlésienne (Portrait of Madame Ginoux)
by Van Gogh. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Beltran
- AXES research group University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
- NanoLab Center of Excellence University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Andrea Marchetti
- AXES research group University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
- NanoLab Center of Excellence University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Gert Nuyts
- AXES research group University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
- NanoLab Center of Excellence University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Karolien De Wael
- AXES research group University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
- NanoLab Center of Excellence University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
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41
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Mendonça CD, Khan SU, Rahemi V, Verbruggen SW, Machado SA, De Wael K. Surface plasmon resonance-induced visible light photocatalytic TiO2 modified with AuNPs for the quantification of hydroquinone. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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42
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Daems E, Moro G, Campos R, De Wael K. Mapping the gaps in chemical analysis for the characterisation of aptamer-target interactions. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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43
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Borah R, Ninakanti R, Nuyts G, Peeters H, Pedrazo-Tardajos A, Nuti S, Vande Velde C, De Wael K, Lenaerts S, Bals S, Verbruggen SW. Selectivity in the Ligand Functionalization of Photocatalytic Metal Oxide Nanoparticles for Phase Transfer and Self-Assembly Applications. Chemistry 2021; 27:9011-9021. [PMID: 33880788 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The functionalization of photocatalytic metal oxide nanoparticles of TiO2 , ZnO, WO3 and CuO with amine-terminated (oleylamine) and thiol-terminated (dodecane-1-thiol) alkyl-chain ligands was studied under ambient conditions. A high selectivity was observed in the binding specificity of a ligand towards nanoparticles of these different oxides. It was observed that oleylamine binds stably to only TiO2 and WO3 , whereas dodecane-1-thiol binds stably only to ZnO and CuO. Similarly, polar-to-nonpolar solvent phase transfer of TiO2 and WO3 nanoparticles could be achieved by using oleylamine, but not dodecane-1-thiol, whereas the opposite holds for ZnO and CuO. The surface chemistry of ligand-functionalized nanoparticles was probed by attenuated total reflectance (ATR)-FTIR spectroscopy, which enabled the occupation of the ligands at the active sites to be elucidated. The photostability of the ligands on the nanoparticle surface was determined by the photocatalytic self-cleaning properties of the material. Although TiO2 and WO3 degrade the ligands within 24 h under both UV and visible light, ligands on ZnO and CuO remain unaffected. The gathered insights are also highly relevant from an application point of view. As an example, because the ligand-functionalized nanoparticles are hydrophobic in nature, they can be self-assembled at the air-water interface to give nanoparticle films with demonstrated photocatalytic as well as anti-fogging properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituraj Borah
- Sustainable Energy, Air & Water Technology (DuEL), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.,NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rajeshreddy Ninakanti
- Sustainable Energy, Air & Water Technology (DuEL), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.,Electron Microscopy for Material Science (EMAT), Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.,NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gert Nuyts
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.,Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation (AXES), Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hannelore Peeters
- Sustainable Energy, Air & Water Technology (DuEL), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.,NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Adrián Pedrazo-Tardajos
- Electron Microscopy for Material Science (EMAT), Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.,NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Silvia Nuti
- Sustainable Energy, Air & Water Technology (DuEL), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.,Electron Microscopy for Material Science (EMAT), Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christophe Vande Velde
- Intelligence in Processes, Advanced Catalysts and Solvents (iPRACS), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Wael
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.,Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation (AXES), Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Silvia Lenaerts
- Sustainable Energy, Air & Water Technology (DuEL), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.,NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sara Bals
- Electron Microscopy for Material Science (EMAT), Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.,NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sammy W Verbruggen
- Sustainable Energy, Air & Water Technology (DuEL), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.,NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
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Thiruvottriyur Shanmugam S, Trashin S, De Wael K. Gold-sputtered microelectrodes with built-in gold reference and counter electrodes for electrochemical DNA detection. Analyst 2021; 145:7646-7653. [PMID: 32966365 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01387k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gold-sputtered microelectrodes with built-in gold reference and counter electrodes represent a promising platform for the development of disposable DNA sensors. Pretreating gold electrode surfaces and immobilization of DNA thereon is commonly employed in biosensing applications. However, with no scientific or practical guidelines to prepare a DNA sensor using these miniature gold-sputtered microelectrodes, cleaning and immobilization steps need to be systematically optimized and updated. In this work, we present efficient cleaning and modification of miniaturized gold-sputtered microelectrodes with thiolated DNA probes for DNA detection. Additional discussions on subtleties and nuances involved at each stage of pretreating and modifying gold-sputtered microelectrodes are included to present a robust, well-founded protocol. It was evident that the insights on cleaning polycrystalline gold disk electrodes with a benchmark electrode surface for DNA sensors, cannot be transferred to clean these miniature gold-sputtered microelectrodes. Therefore, a comparison between five different cleaning protocols was made to find the optimal one for gold-sputtered microelectrodes. Additionally, two principally different immobilization techniques for gold-sputtered microelectrode modification with thiolated ssDNA were compared i.e., immobilization through passive chemisorption and potential perturbation were compared in terms of thiol-specific attachment and thiol-unspecific adsorption through nitrogenous bases. The hybridization performance of these prepared electrodes was characterized by their sensitive complementary DNA capturing ability, detected by a standard alkaline phosphatase assay. Immobilization through passive chemisorption proved to be efficient in capturing the complementary target DNA with a detection limit of 0.14 nM and sensitivity of 9.38 A M-1 cm2. In general, this work presents a comprehensive understanding of cleaning, modification and performance of gold-sputtered microelectrodes with built-in gold reference and counter electrodes for both fundamental investigations and practical DNA sensing applications.
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Tarakanova EN, Tarakanov PA, Simakov AO, Furuyama T, Kobayashi N, Konev DV, Goncharova OA, Trashin SA, De Wael K, Sulimenkov IV, Filatov VV, Kozlovskiy VI, Tomilova LG, Stuzhin PA, Pushkarev VE. Synthesis and characterization of heteroleptic rare earth double-decker complexes involving tetradiazepinoporphyrazine and phthalocyanine macrocycles. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:6245-6255. [PMID: 33876177 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00088h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of (2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octabutylphthalocyaninato)lanthanide(iii) acetylacetonates (BuPcLn(acac), 1a-c, Ln = Lu (a), Eu (b), La (c)) with a tetrakis(5,7-bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)-6H-1,4-diazepino)[2,3-b,g,l,q]porphyrazine ligand (tBuPhDzPzH2, 2) produced sandwich compounds (tBuPhDzPz)Ln(BuPc) (3a-c), which represent the first heteroleptic double-deckers incorporating both Pc and DzPz decks. A combination of high-resolution mass spectrometry, UV-Vis/NIR, MCD, and 1H NMR spectroscopy, and square-wave voltammetry provided unambiguous characterization of target complexes 3 indicating that their spectral and electrochemical properties are generally intermediate with respect to their homoleptic relatives. Based on the data of solution-state 1H-1H NMR (COSY, NOESY) correlation spectroscopy supported by DFT calculations, a dimerization tendency of compounds 3 proportional to the Ln(iii) ion size was found. The spectroelectrochemical study of 3 and the corresponding homoleptic double-deckers revealed a pronounced tendency to aggregation of the one-electron oxidized forms of DzPz-containing double-decker complexes compared to homoleptic Pc2Ln compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina N Tarakanova
- Research Institute of Macroheterocycles, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, RF-153000 Ivanovo, Russia. and Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Severny Proezd, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russian Federation.
| | - Pavel A Tarakanov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Severny Proezd, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russian Federation. and Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Academician Semenov Avenue, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
| | - Anton O Simakov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Severny Proezd, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russian Federation.
| | - Taniyuki Furuyama
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Tokida, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Dmitry V Konev
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Academician Semenov Avenue, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russian Federation and D. I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya sq., 125047, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Olga A Goncharova
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Academician Semenov Avenue, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
| | - Stanislav A Trashin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Severny Proezd, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russian Federation. and AXES Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Wael
- AXES Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Ilya V Sulimenkov
- Chernogolovka Branch of the N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1/10 Academician Semenov Avenue, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
| | - Vasily V Filatov
- Chernogolovka Branch of the N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1/10 Academician Semenov Avenue, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
| | - Viatcheslav I Kozlovskiy
- Chernogolovka Branch of the N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1/10 Academician Semenov Avenue, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
| | - Larisa G Tomilova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Severny Proezd, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russian Federation. and Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel A Stuzhin
- Research Institute of Macroheterocycles, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, RF-153000 Ivanovo, Russia.
| | - Victor E Pushkarev
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Severny Proezd, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russian Federation.
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Felipe Montiel N, Parrilla M, Beltrán V, Nuyts G, Van Durme F, De Wael K. The opportunity of 6-monoacetylmorphine to selectively detect heroin at preanodized screen printed electrodes. Talanta 2021; 226:122005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.122005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Moiseeva EO, Trashin S, Korostei YS, Ullah Khan S, Kosov AD, De Wael K, Dubinina TV, Tomilova LG. Electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical studies of tert-butyl-substituted aluminum phthalocyanine. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Castanheiro A, Wuyts K, Hofman J, Nuyts G, De Wael K, Samson R. Morphological and elemental characterization of leaf-deposited particulate matter from different source types: a microscopic investigation. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:25716-25732. [PMID: 33471309 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12369-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) deposition on urban green enables the collection of particulate pollution from a diversity of contexts, and insight into the physico-chemical profiles of PM is key for identifying main polluting sources. This study reports on the morphological and elemental characterization of PM2-10 deposited on ivy leaves from five different environments (forest, rural, roadside, train, industry) in the region of Antwerp, Belgium. Ca. 40,000 leaf-deposited particles were thoroughly investigated by particle-based analysis using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) and their physico-chemical characteristics were explored for PM source apportionment purposes. The size distribution of all deposited particles was biased towards small-sized PM, with 32% of the particles smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and median diameters of 2.80-3.09 μm. The source type influenced both the particles' size and morphology (aspect ratio and shape), with roadside particles being overall the smallest in size and the most spherical. While forest and rural elemental profiles were associated with natural PM, the industry particles revealed the highest anthropogenic metal input. PM2-10 profiles for roadside and train sites were rather comparable and only distinguishable when evaluating the fine (2-2.5 μm) and coarse (2.5-10 μm) PM fractions separately, which enabled the identification of a larger contribution of combustion-derived particles (small, circular, Fe-enriched) at the roadside compared to the train. Random forest prediction model classified the source type correctly for 61-85% of the leaf-deposited PM. The still modest classification accuracy denotes the influence of regional background PM and demands for additional fingerprinting techniques to facilitate source apportionment. Nonetheless, the obtained results demonstrate the utility of leaf particle-based analysis to fingerprint and pinpoint source-specific PM, particularly when considering both the composition and size of leaf-deposited particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Castanheiro
- Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Karen Wuyts
- Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jelle Hofman
- Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
- Solutions4IoT Lab, Imec, High Tech Campus 31, 5656 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Nuyts
- Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry & Speciation (AXES), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Wael
- Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry & Speciation (AXES), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Roeland Samson
- Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
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Dragan AM, Truta FM, Tertis M, Florea A, Schram J, Cernat A, Feier B, De Wael K, Cristea C, Oprean R. Electrochemical Fingerprints of Illicit Drugs on Graphene and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Front Chem 2021; 9:641147. [PMID: 33796506 PMCID: PMC8007852 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.641147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Illicit drugs use and abuse remains an increasing challenge for worldwide authorities and, therefore, it is important to have accurate methods to detect them in seized samples, biological fluids and wastewaters. They are recently classified as the latest group of emerging pollutants as their consumption increased tremendously in recent years. Nanomaterials have gained much attention over the last decade in the development of sensors for a myriad of applications. The applicability of these nanomaterials, functionalized or not, significantly increases and it is therefore highly suitable for use in the detection of illicit drugs. We have assessed the suitability of various nanoplatforms, such as graphene (GPH), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) for the electrochemical detection of illicit drugs. GPH and MWCNTs were chosen as the most suitable platforms and cocaine, 3,4-methylendioxymethamfetamine (MDMA), 3-methylmethcathinone (MMC) and α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (PVP) were tested. Due to the hydrophobicity of the nanomaterials-based platforms which led to low signals, two strategies were followed namely, pretreatment of the electrodes in sulfuric acid by cyclic voltammetry and addition of Tween 20 to the detection buffer. Both strategies led to an increase in the oxidation signal of illicit drugs. Binary mixtures of illicit drugs with common adulterants found in street samples were also investigated. The proposed strategies allowed the sensitive detection of illicit drugs in the presence of most adulterants. The suitability of the proposed sensors for the detection of illicit drugs in spiked wastewaters was finally assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Dragan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Florina Maria Truta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Tertis
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Florea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Jonas Schram
- Axes Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Andreea Cernat
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bogdan Feier
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Karolien De Wael
- Axes Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Cecilia Cristea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Radu Oprean
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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