1
|
Parrilla M, Sena-Torralba A, Steijlen A, Morais S, Maquieira Á, De Wael K. A 3D-printed hollow microneedle-based electrochemical sensing device for in situ plant health monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 251:116131. [PMID: 38367566 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Plant health monitoring is devised as a new concept to elucidate in situ physiological processes. The need for increased food production to nourish the growing global population is inconsistent with the dramatic impact of climate change, which hinders crop health and exacerbates plant stress. In this context, wearable sensors play a crucial role in assessing plant stress. Herein, we present a low-cost 3D-printed hollow microneedle array (HMA) patch as a sampling device coupled with biosensors based on screen-printing technology, leading to affordable analysis of biomarkers in the plant fluid of a leaf. First, a refinement of the 3D-printing method showed a tip diameter of 25.9 ± 3.7 μm with a side hole diameter on the microneedle of 228.2 ± 18.6 μm using an affordable 3D printer (<500 EUR). Notably, the HMA patch withstanded the forces exerted by thumb pressing (i.e. 20-40 N). Subsequently, the holes of the HMA enabled the fluid extraction tested in vitro and in vivo in plant leaves (i.e. 13.5 ± 1.1 μL). A paper-based sampling strategy adapted to the HMA allowed the collection of plant fluid. Finally, integrating the sampling device onto biosensors facilitated the in situ electrochemical analysis of plant health biomarkers (i.e. H2O2, glucose, and pH) and the electrochemical profiling of plants in five plant species. Overall, this electrochemical platform advances precise and versatile sensors for plant health monitoring. The wearable device can potentially improve precision farming practices, addressing the critical need for sustainable and resilient agriculture in changing environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Parrilla
- A-Sense Lab, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2010, Antwerp, Belgium; NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2010, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Amadeo Sena-Torralba
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera S/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Annemarijn Steijlen
- A-Sense Lab, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2010, Antwerp, Belgium; NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2010, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sergi Morais
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera S/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain; Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera S/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángel Maquieira
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera S/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain; Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera S/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Karolien De Wael
- A-Sense Lab, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2010, Antwerp, Belgium; NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2010, Antwerp, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Civera AV, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Manda RR, Schulz OM, Kariampa P, Akrivou A, Antonatos S, Beris D, Debode J, Kritikos C, Kormpi M, Manceau C, Papachristos D, Reppa C, Gardi C, Potting R. Commodity risk assessment of Cornus alba and Cornus sanguinea plants from the UK. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8657. [PMID: 38476319 PMCID: PMC10928767 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The European Commission requested the EFSA Panel on Plant Health to prepare and deliver risk assessments for commodities listed in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/2019 as 'high risk plants, plant products and other objects'. Taking into account the available scientific information, including the technical information provided by the applicant country, this Scientific Opinion covers the plant health risks posed by the following commodities: Cornus alba and Cornus sanguinea bare-root plants and rooted plants in pots up to 7 years old imported into the EU from the UK. A list of pests potentially associated with the commodities was compiled. The relevance of any pest was assessed based on evidence following defined criteria. Four EU quarantine pests (Meloidogyne fallax, Phytophthora ramorum (non-EU isolates), tobacco ringspot virus, and tomato ringspot virus) and one EU non-regulated pest (Discula destructiva), were selected for further evaluation. For the selected pests, the risk mitigation measures implemented in the technical dossier from the UK were evaluated taking into account the possible limiting factors. For these pests, an expert judgement is given on the likelihood of pest freedom taking into consideration the risk mitigation measures acting on the pest, including uncertainties associated with the assessment. The degree of pest freedom varies among the pests evaluated, with P. ramorum being the pest most frequently expected on the imported C. alba and C. sanguinea plants. The Expert Knowledge Elicitation indicated, with 95% certainty, that between 9823 and 10,000 bare-root C. alba and C. sanguinea plants per 10,000 will be free from P. ramorum.
Collapse
|
3
|
Patil K, Suryawanshi Y, Dhoka A, Chumchu P. Plumbago Zeylanica ( Chitrak) leaf image dataset: A comprehensive collection for botanical studies, herbal medicine research, and environmental analyses. Data Brief 2024; 52:109929. [PMID: 38161654 PMCID: PMC10757241 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The Plumbago Zeylanica (Chitrak) Leaf Image Dataset is a valuable resource for botanical studies, herbal medicine research, and environmental analyses. Comprising a total of 10,660 high-resolution leaf images, the dataset is meticulously categorized into three distinct classes: Unhealthy leaves (3343 images), Healthy leaves (5288 images), and Dried leaves (2029 images). These images were captured from the medicinal plant Chitrak, a species of paramount importance in traditional medicine and environmental contexts. Researchers and practitioners can benefit from this dataset's richness in terms of both quantity and quality, using it to develop and test algorithms for leaf classification and health assessment. The Chitrak leaf image dataset holds the potential to foster innovative investigations and applications within the domains of botany, medicine, and environmental sciences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kailas Patil
- Vishwakarma University, Pune, India
- Kasetsart University, Sriracha, Thailand
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kumar S, Chandra R, Behera L, Sudhir I, Meena M, Singh S, Keswani C. Microbial consortium mediated acceleration of the defense response in potato against Alternaria solani through prodigious inflation in phenylpropanoid derivatives and redox homeostasis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22148. [PMID: 38045140 PMCID: PMC10692827 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was carried out in a pot experiment to examine the bioefficacy of three biocontrol agents, viz., Trichoderma viride, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas fluorescens, either alone or in consortium, on plant growth promotion and activation of defense responses in potato against the early blight pathogen Alternaria solani. The results demonstrate significant enhancement in growth parameters in plants bioprimed with the triple-microbe consortium compared to other treatments. In potato, the disease incidence percentage was significantly reduced in plants treated with the triple-microbe consortium compared to untreated control plants challenged with A. solani. Potato tubers treated with the consortium and challenged with pathogen showed significant activation of defense-related enzymes such as peroxidase (PO) at 96 h after pathogen inoculation (hapi) while, both polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) at 72 hapi, compared to the individual and dual microbial consortia-treated plants. The expression of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and the accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins such as chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase were observed to be highest at 72 hapi in the triple microbe consortium as compared to other treatments. HPLC analysis revealed significant induction in polyphenolic compounds in triple-consortium bioprimed plants compared to the control at 72 hapi. Histochemical analysis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) clearly showed maximum accumulation of H2O2 in pathogen-inoculated control plants, while the lowest was observed in triple-microbe consortium at 72 hapi. The findings of this study suggest that biopriming with a microbial consortium improved plant growth and triggered defense responses against A. solani through the induction of systemic resistance via modulation of the phenylpropanoid pathway and antioxidative network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
- Department of Plant Pathology, B.M. College of Agriculture, Khandwa, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, 474002, India
| | - Ram Chandra
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Lopamudra Behera
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ichini Sudhir
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Mukesh Meena
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Botany, University Collage of Science, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313001, India
| | - Shailendra Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Invertis University, Bareilly, 243123, India
| | - Chetan Keswani
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fadiji AE, Yadav AN, Santoyo G, Babalola OO. Understanding the plant-microbe interactions in environments exposed to abiotic stresses: An overview. Microbiol Res 2023; 271:127368. [PMID: 36965460 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stress poses a severe danger to agriculture since it negatively impacts cellular homeostasis and eventually stunts plant growth and development. Abiotic stressors like drought and excessive heat are expected to occur more frequently in the future due to climate change, which would reduce the yields of important crops like maize, wheat, and rice which may jeopardize the food security of human populations. The plant microbiomes are a varied and taxonomically organized microbial community that is connected to plants. By supplying nutrients and water to plants, and regulating their physiology and metabolism, plant microbiota frequently helps plants develop and tolerate abiotic stresses, which can boost crop yield under abiotic stresses. In this present study, with emphasis on temperature, salt, and drought stress, we describe current findings on how abiotic stresses impact the plants, microbiomes, microbe-microbe interactions, and plant-microbe interactions as the way microorganisms affect the metabolism and physiology of the plant. We also explore crucial measures that must be taken in applying plant microbiomes in agriculture practices faced with abiotic stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayomide Emmanuel Fadiji
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Ajar Nath Yadav
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, India
| | - Gustavo Santoyo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mich 58030, Mexico
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Brigmon RL, McLeod KW, Doman E, Seaman JC. The impact of tritium phytoremediation on plant health as measured by fluorescence. J Environ Radioact 2022; 255:107018. [PMID: 36150321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2022.107018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation, using plants for soil, sediment, or water contaminant clean-up, is an established technology dependent on plant health. Tritium (3H), a radioactive isotope of hydrogen that is generally found in the environment as tritiated water (HTO), is a low-level beta emitter with a half-life of 12.32 years. Chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) for monitoring risk assessment of tritium to plant health was conducted at the Tritium Irrigation Facility (TIF) located on the US Department of Energy's Savannah River Site (SRS) near Aiken, SC. Two fluorometers were evaluated in conjunction with phytoremediation at the 25 -acre TIF where tritiated groundwater is being spray-irrigated on a mixed coniferous/deciduous forested watershed as a means of reducing tritium release to a nearby stream that serves as a tributary to the Savannah River. Tritium activity in irrigated water averaged 104 + 42 pCi mL-1 during the 2003 project. Fluorescence parameters measured by the two fluorometers were well correlated with each other (p < 0.0001). Tritium in water respired from oak leaves ranged up to 1845.13 pCi ml-1 and 2138.22 pCi ml-1 in pine needles. Trees in both the test and control sites were approximately 15 years old. Here we demonstrated that fluorescence parameters provide an effective way to estimate the impact of HTO on plant health in a noninvasive, extremely rapid, and cost-effective manner. In the current study applying fluorometry, plants within the TIF phytoremediation site exposed to the site tritiated water were not significantly impacted by the tritium phytoremediation based on CF parameters as compared to the control, a nascent non-irrigated site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin L Brigmon
- Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, SC, 29808, United States.
| | - Kenneth W McLeod
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Aiken, SC, 29802, United States
| | - Eric Doman
- Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, SC, 29808, United States
| | - John C Seaman
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Aiken, SC, 29802, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Streptomyces, the most abundant and arguably the most important genus of actinomycetes, is an important source of biologically active compounds such as antibiotics, and extracellular hydrolytic enzymes. Since Streptomyces can have a beneficial symbiotic relationship with plants they can contribute to nutrition, health and fitness of the latter. This review article summarizes recent research contributions on the ability of Streptomyces to promote plant growth and improve plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress responses, as well as on the consequences, on plant health, of the enrichment of rhizospheric soils in Streptomyces species. This review summarizes the most recent reports of the contribution of Streptomyces to plant growth, health and fitness and suggests future research directions to promote the use of these bacteria for the development of a cleaner agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Pang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, China
| | - Manoj Kumar Solanki
- Plant Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Group, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-701, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Zhen Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Oburger E, Schmidt H, Staudinger C. Harnessing belowground processes for sustainable intensification of agricultural systems. Plant Soil 2022; 478:177-209. [PMID: 36277079 PMCID: PMC9579094 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-022-05508-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Increasing food demand coupled with climate change pose a great challenge to agricultural systems. In this review we summarize recent advances in our knowledge of how plants, together with their associated microbiota, shape rhizosphere processes. We address (molecular) mechanisms operating at the plant-microbe-soil interface and aim to link this knowledge with actual and potential avenues for intensifying agricultural systems, while at the same time reducing irrigation water, fertilizer inputs and pesticide use. Combining in-depth knowledge about above and belowground plant traits will not only significantly advance our mechanistic understanding of involved processes but also allow for more informed decisions regarding agricultural practices and plant breeding. Including belowground plant-soil-microbe interactions in our breeding efforts will help to select crops resilient to abiotic and biotic environmental stresses and ultimately enable us to produce sufficient food in a more sustainable agriculture in the upcoming decades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Oburger
- Department of Forest and Soil Science, Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenzstrasse 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Hannes Schmidt
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christiana Staudinger
- Department of Forest and Soil Science, Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenzstrasse 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-7-1, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Adedayo AA, Babalola OO, Prigent-Combaret C, Cruz C, Stefan M, Kutu F, Glick BR. The application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in Solanum lycopersicum production in the agricultural system: a review. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13405. [PMID: 35669957 PMCID: PMC9165593 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Food safety is a significant challenge worldwide, from plantation to cultivation, especially for perishable products such as tomatoes. New eco-friendly strategies are needed, and beneficial microorganisms might be a sustainable solution. This study demonstrates bacteria activity in the tomato plant rhizosphere. Further, it investigates the rhizobacteria's structure, function, and diversity in soil. Rhizobacteria that promote the growth and development of tomato plants are referred to as plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPR). They form a series of associations with plants and other organisms in the soil through a mutualistic relationship where both parties benefit from living together. It implies the antagonistic activities of the rhizobacteria to deter pathogens from invading tomato plants through their roots. Some PGPR are regarded as biological control agents that hinder the development of spoilage organisms and can act as an alternative for agricultural chemicals that may be detrimental to the health of humans, animals, and some of the beneficial microbes in the rhizosphere soil. These bacteria also help tomato plants acquire essential nutrients like potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), and nitrogen (N). Some rhizobacteria may offer a solution to low tomato production and help tackle food insecurity and farming problems. In this review, an overview of soil-inhabiting rhizobacteria focused on improving the sustainable production of Solanum lycopersicum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afeez Adesina Adedayo
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | | | - Cristina Cruz
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marius Stefan
- Faculty of Biology, Universitatea Alexandru Ioan Cuza, Iasi, Romania
| | - Funso Kutu
- Faculty of Agiculture and Natural Sciences, University of Mpumalanga, Mpumalanga, South Africa
| | - Bernard R. Glick
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kumar A, Choudhary A, Kaur H, Guha S, Mehta S, Husen A. Potential Applications of Engineered Nanoparticles in Plant Disease Management: A Critical Update. Chemosphere 2022; 295:133798. [PMID: 35122813 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant diseases caused by pathogenic entities pose severe issues to global food security. Effective sensory applications and tools for the effective determination of plant diseases become crucial to the assurance of food supply and agricultural sustainability. Antibody-mediated molecular assays and nucleic acid are gold-standard approaches for plant disease diagnosis, but the evaluating methodologies are liable, complex, and laborious. With the rise in global food demand, escalating the food production in threats of diverse pathogen ranges, and climate change is a major challenge. Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) have been inserted into conventional laboratory sequence technologies or molecular assays that provide a remarkable increment in selectivity and sensitivity. In the present scenario, they are useful in plant disease management as well as in plant health monitoring. The use of NPs could sustainably mitigate numerous food security issues and or threats in disease management by decreasing the risk of chemical inputs and alleviating supra detection of pathogens. Overall, this review paper discusses the role of NPs in plant diseases management, available commercial products. Additionally, the future directions and their regulatory laws in the usage of the nano-diagnostic approach for plant health monitoring have been explained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antul Kumar
- Department of Botany, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Anuj Choudhary
- Department of Botany, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Harmanjot Kaur
- Department of Botany, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Satyakam Guha
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Sahil Mehta
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India; School of Agricultural Sciences, K.R. Mangalam University, Sohna Rural, Haryana, 122103, India
| | - Azamal Husen
- Wolaita Sodo University, P.O. Box: 138, Wolaita, Ethiopia.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bragard C, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Civera AV, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Migheli Q, Stefani E, Vloutoglou I, Czwienczek E, Maiorano A, Streissl F, Reignault PL. Pest categorisation of Xanthomonas citri pv. viticola. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06929. [PMID: 34963789 PMCID: PMC8675326 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The EFSA Plant Health Panel performed a pest categorisation of Xanthomonas citri pv. viticola (Nayudu) Dye, a Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the Xanthomonadaceae family. The pathogen is a well-defined taxonomic unit and is the causal agent of the leaf spot and bacterial canker of Vitis vinifera. This bacterium is present in India and Brazil, where it affects table grape cultivation; the same pathogen is able to cause a disease on Azadirachta indica and on some weed species. Reports indicate that the bacterium is present in Thailand as well. The pathogen has never been reported from the EU territory and it is not included in EU Commission Implementing Regulation 2019/2072. The pathogen can be detected on its host plants using direct isolation, serological or PCR-based methods. Its identification is achieved using biochemical and nutritional assays, together with a multilocus sequence analysis based on seven housekeeping genes. The main pathway for the entry of the pathogen into the EU territory is plant propagation material. In the EU, there is large availability of host plants, with grapevine being one of the most important crops in Europe and more specifically in its Mediterranean areas. Since X. citri pv. viticola is only reported in tropical and subtropical areas (BSh and Aw climatic zones according to the Köppen-Geiger classification), there is uncertainty whether the climatic conditions in the EU territory are suitable for its establishment. Nevertheless, due to the great importance of grapevine for the EU agriculture, any disease outbreak may have a high-economic impact. Phytosanitary measures are available to prevent the introduction of the pathogen into the EU. X. citri pv. viticola satisfies the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for this species to be regarded as a potential Union quarantine pest.
Collapse
|
12
|
Rebouças TA, de Jesus Rocha A, Cerqueira TS, Adorno PR, Barreto RQ, Ferreira MDS, Morais Lino LS, Batista de Oliveira Amorim V, Almeida dos Santos-Serejo J, Haddad F, Ferreira CF, Amorim EP. Pre-selection of banana somaclones resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, subtropical race 4. Crop Prot 2021; 147:105692. [PMID: 34483429 PMCID: PMC8214105 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2021.105692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
- Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), is one of the most destructive diseases affecting banana crops worldwide. Therefore, the development of resistant cultivars is a promising alternative to mitigate the effects of the disease on banana plantations. The objectives of this study were to induce somaclonal variation in banana cultivars of the Silk and Cavendish types and to select somaclones resistant to subtropical race 4, thereby enabling the production of fruit in areas where this race is present. Shoot clump apexes of the Grand Naine and Maçã (Silk) cultivars were grown in MS medium. The cultures were subcultured four times. They were then challenged with fusaric acid (FA) in an experiment consisting of four treatments with different concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 mM) and five repetitions, each consisting of a Petri dish containing seven multiple shoot clumps in MS culture medium supplemented with 2.5 mg/L benzylamine purine. Multiple shoot clumps without the addition of FA were also used in the experiment, and were subcultured three times and maintained in a dark room. The multiple shoot clumps that survived the treatment with FA were transferred to MS medium and maintained in the growth chamber in the presence of light. The regenerated plants were later planted in tanks containing soil infested with an isolate classified as Foc subtropical race 4 (Foc STR4), and were evaluated for resistance to the pathogen at 90 days after inoculation (d.a.i.). Pathogen structures were confirmed by root clarification and root staining technique. All somaclones of the Maçã (Silk) cultivar were susceptible to Fusarium wilt and two somaclones of the Grand Naine cultivar were selected as resistant. The addition of FA as a selective agent was effective in the selection of somaclones among plants of the Grand Naine cultivar, as shown by the selection of two somaclones resistant to Foc STR4. The next step will consist of the agronomic and market potential validation of the selected somaclones, aiming to confirm their potential use by producers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fernando Haddad
- Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Rua Embrapa, s/n CP 007, Chapadinha, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Claudia Fortes Ferreira
- Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Rua Embrapa, s/n CP 007, Chapadinha, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Edson Perito Amorim
- Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Rua Embrapa, s/n CP 007, Chapadinha, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rizzo DM, Lichtveld M, Mazet JAK, Togami E, Miller SA. Plant health and its effects on food safety and security in a One Health framework: four case studies. One Health Outlook 2021; 3:6. [PMID: 33829143 PMCID: PMC8011176 DOI: 10.1186/s42522-021-00038-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Although healthy plants are vital to human and animal health, plant health is often overlooked in the One Health literature. Plants provide over 80% of the food consumed by humans and are the primary source of nutrition for livestock. However, plant diseases and pests often threaten the availability and safety of plants for human and animal consumption. Global yield losses of important staple crops can range up to 30% and hundreds of billions of dollars in lost food production. To demonstrate the complex interrelationships between plants and public health, we present four case studies on plant health issues directly tied to food safety and/or security, and how a One Health approach influences the perception and mitigation of these issues. Plant pathogens affect food availability and consequently food security through reductions in yield and plant mortality as shown through the first case study of banana Xanthomonas wilt in East and Central Africa. Case studies 2, 3 and 4 highlight ways in which the safety of plant-based foods can also be compromised. Case study 2 describes the role of mycotoxin-producing plant-colonizing fungi in human and animal disease and examines lessons learned from outbreaks of aflatoxicosis in Kenya. Plants may also serve as vectors of human pathogens as seen in case study 3, with an example of Escherichia coli (E. coli) contamination of lettuce in North America. Finally, case study 4 focuses on the use of pesticides in Suriname, a complex issue intimately tied to food security though protection of crops from diseases and pests, while also a food safety issue through misuse. These cases from around the world in low to high income countries point to the need for interdisciplinary teams to solve complex plant health problems. Through these case studies, we examine challenges and opportunities moving forward for mitigating negative public health consequences and ensuring health equity. Advances in surveillance technology and functional and streamlined workflow, from data collection, analyses, risk assessment, reporting, and information sharing are needed to improve the response to emergence and spread of plant-related pathogens and pests. Our case studies point to the importance of collaboration in responses to plant health issues that may become public health emergencies and the value of the One Health approach in ensuring food safety and food security for the global population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M. Rizzo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Maureen Lichtveld
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Jonna A. K. Mazet
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Eri Togami
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sally A. Miller
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rippner DA, Lien J, Balla H, Guo T, Green PG, Young TM, Parikh SJ. Surface modification induced cuprous oxide nanoparticle toxicity to duckweed at sub-toxic metal concentrations. Sci Total Environ 2020; 722:137607. [PMID: 32213435 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle capping agents are critical for controlling the growth, oxidation state, and final particle size during aqueous synthesis. However, despite the known phytotoxicity of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) to plants, it is used to synthesize metal oxide nanoparticles of uniform size and with mesoporous structure. Among the few studies that have investigated how CTAB influences nanoparticle toxicity, CTAB has never been identified as the primary cause of nanoparticle toxicity in environmental systems; rather nanoparticle surface charge or morphology was identified as the driver of toxicity in environmentally relevant systems. In the current study, CTAB release from CTAB surface modified Cu2O nanoparticles (SM-Cu2O NPs) inhibited duckweed (Landoltia punctata) growth, even when administered at subtoxic Cu concentrations. Organic ligands, such as humic acid (HA) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), lessened growth inhibition associated with exposure to SM-Cu2O NPs, likely through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions with CTAB. Such results highlight the need for a more holistic approach to nanoparticle surface modification and improved communication between toxicologists and synthetic chemists to develop green alternatives for nanoparticle synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devin A Rippner
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California - Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Lien
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
| | - Hagr Balla
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California - Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California - Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
| | - Ting Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
| | - Peter G Green
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California - Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
| | - Thomas M Young
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
| | - Sanjai J Parikh
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California - Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kamle M, Mahato DK, Devi S, Soni R, Tripathi V, Mishra AK, Kumar P. Nanotechnological interventions for plant health improvement and sustainable agriculture. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:168. [PMID: 32206502 PMCID: PMC7072078 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-2152-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Agriculture is the source of food for both humans and animals. With the growing population demands, agricultural production needs to be scaled up where nanotechnology can play a significant role. The use of nanotechnology in agriculture can manage plant disease and growth for better and quality output. Therefore, this review focuses on the use of various nanoparticles for detection of nutrients and contaminants, nanosensors for monitoring the environmental stresses and crop conditions as well as the use of nanotechnology for plant pathogen detection and crop protection. In addition, the delivery of plant growth regulators and agrichemicals like nanopesticides and nanofertilizers to the plants along with the delivery of DNA for targeted genetic engineering and production of genetically modified (GM) crops are discussed briefly. Further, the future concerns regarding the use of nanoparticles and their possible toxicity, impact on the agriculture and ecosystem needs to be assessed along with the assessment of the nanoparticles and GM crops on the environment and human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Kamle
- Department of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli, Arunachal Pradesh 791109 India
| | - Dipendra Kumar Mahato
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, VIC 3125 Australia
| | - Sheetal Devi
- National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM), Sonipat, Haryana India
| | - Ramendra Soni
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, 211007 India
| | - Vijay Tripathi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, 211007 India
| | - Awdhesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541 Republic of Korea
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli, Arunachal Pradesh 791109 India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xiong W, Song Y, Yang K, Gu Y, Wei Z, Kowalchuk GA, Xu Y, Jousset A, Shen Q, Geisen S. Rhizosphere protists are key determinants of plant health. Microbiome 2020; 8:27. [PMID: 32127034 PMCID: PMC7055055 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00799-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant health is intimately influenced by the rhizosphere microbiome, a complex assembly of organisms that changes markedly across plant growth. However, most rhizosphere microbiome research has focused on fractions of this microbiome, particularly bacteria and fungi. It remains unknown how other microbial components, especially key microbiome predators-protists-are linked to plant health. Here, we investigated the holistic rhizosphere microbiome including bacteria, microbial eukaryotes (fungi and protists), as well as functional microbial metabolism genes. We investigated these communities and functional genes throughout the growth of tomato plants that either developed disease symptoms or remained healthy under field conditions. RESULTS We found that pathogen dynamics across plant growth is best predicted by protists. More specifically, communities of microbial-feeding phagotrophic protists differed between later healthy and diseased plants at plant establishment. The relative abundance of these phagotrophs negatively correlated with pathogen abundance across plant growth, suggesting that predator-prey interactions influence pathogen performance. Furthermore, phagotrophic protists likely shifted bacterial functioning by enhancing pathogen-suppressing secondary metabolite genes involved in mitigating pathogen success. CONCLUSIONS We illustrate the importance of protists as top-down controllers of microbiome functioning linked to plant health. We propose that a holistic microbiome perspective, including bacteria and protists, provides the optimal next step in predicting plant performance. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wu Xiong
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Key Lab of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584, CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yuqi Song
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Key Lab of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Keming Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Key Lab of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yian Gu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Key Lab of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Wei
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Key Lab of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - George A Kowalchuk
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584, CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yangchun Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Key Lab of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Alexandre Jousset
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Key Lab of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584, CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Key Lab of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Stefan Geisen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Key Lab of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute for Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6708, PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University & Research, 6700, ES, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ghazal M, Mahmoud A, Shalaby A, El-Baz A. Automated framework for accurate segmentation of leaf images for plant health assessment. Environ Monit Assess 2019; 191:491. [PMID: 31297617 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7615-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Leaf segmentation is significantly important in assisting ecologists to automatically detect symptoms of disease and other stressors affecting trees. This paper employs state-of-the-art techniques in image processing to introduce an accurate framework for segmenting leaves and diseased leaf spots from images. The proposed framework integrates an appearance model that visually represents the current input image with the color prior information generated from RGB color images that were formerly saved in our database. Our framework consists of four main steps: (1) Enhancing the accuracy of the segmentation at minimum time by making use of contrast changes to automatically identify the region of interest (ROI) of the entire leaf, where the pixel-wise intensity relations are described by an electric field energy model. (2) Modeling the visual appearance of the input image using a linear combination of discrete Gaussians (LCDG) to predict the marginal probability distributions of the grayscale ROI main three classes. (3) Calculating the pixel-wise probabilities of these three classes for the color ROI based on the color prior information of database images that are segmented manually, where the current and prior pixel-wise probabilities are used to find the initial labels. (4) Refining the labels with the generalized Gauss-Markov random field model (GGMRF), which maintains the continuity. The proposed segmentation approach was applied to the leaves of mangrove trees in Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates. Experimental validation showed high accuracy, with a Dice similarity coefficient 90% for distinguishing leaf spot from healthy leaf area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ghazal
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Ali Mahmoud
- Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ahmed Shalaby
- Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ayman El-Baz
- Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yu H, Zou W, Chen J, Chen H, Yu Z, Huang J, Tang H, Wei X, Gao B. Biochar amendment improves crop production in problem soils: A review. J Environ Manage 2019; 232:8-21. [PMID: 30466010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Problem soils are referred to as those with poor physical, chemical, and biological properties that inhibit or prevent plant growth. These poor properties may be a result of soil formation processes but are largely due to inappropriate farming practices or anthropogenic pollution. The world has lost a third of its arable land due to erosion and pollution in the past 40 years. Thus, there is an urgent need for improving and remediating problem soils. As a novel multifunctional carbon material, biochar has been widely used as a soil amendment for improving soil quality. Previous reviews have summarized the characteristics of biochar, the interactions with various soil contaminants, and the effects on soil quality, soil productivity, and carbon sequestration. Relatively limited attention has been focused on the effects of biochar amendment on plant growth in problem soils. As a result, a comprehensive review of literature in the Web of Science was conducted with a focus on the effects of biochar amendment on plant growth in problems soils. The review is intended to present an overview about problem soils, biochars as functional materials for soil amendment, how amended biochars interact with soils, soil microbes, and plant roots in remediation of problem soil and improve plant growth. Additionally, existing knowledge gaps and future directions are discussed. Information gathered from this review suggests that biochar amendment is a viable way of improving the quality of problem soils and enhancing crop production. It is anticipated that further research on biochar amendment will increase our understanding on the interactions of biochar with components of problem soils, speed up our effort on soil remediation, and improve crop production in problem soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haowei Yu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Weixin Zou
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Center of Modern Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Mid-Florida Research & Education Center, University of Florida, Apopka, FL, 32703, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Agriculture, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, AR, 71601, USA
| | - Zebin Yu
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Hualan Design & Consulting Group Co. Ltd., Nanning, 530011, China; College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Haoru Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Xiangying Wei
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Meng T, Wang Q, Abbasi P, Ma Y. Deciphering differences in the chemical and microbial characteristics of healthy and Fusarium wilt-infected watermelon rhizosphere soils. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 103:1497-1509. [PMID: 30560450 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9564-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Plant health is determined by the comprehensive effect of soil physicochemical and biological properties. In this study, we compared the chemical properties and microbiomes of the rhizosphere soils of healthy, Fusarium oxysporum-infected, and dead watermelon plants and attempted to assess their potential roles in plant health and Fusarium wilt expression. The rhizosphere soils were collected from watermelon plants grown in a greenhouse under the same field management practices, and various soil microbial and chemical characteristics were analyzed. The rhizosphere soil of healthy plants had the lowest abundance of F. oxysporum and pH and the highest contents of ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-). The relative content of hemicellulose was decreased in the rhizosphere soil of F. oxysporum-infected plants. The differences in soil microbial compositions among the watermelons at the three health statuses were obvious, and their microbiomes changed gradually along with plant health status. The microbiome in the rhizosphere soil of healthy plants had the highest relative abundances of potential antagonists and the lowest relative abundances of potential pathogens. The specific microbial composition together with some chemical properties of the rhizosphere soil of healthy plants might be responsible for inhibiting Fusarium wilt expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhu Meng
- Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Qiujun Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Pervaiz Abbasi
- Kentville Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 32 Main Street, Kentville, NS, B4N 1J5, Canada
| | - Yan Ma
- Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Palmieri F, Estoppey A, House GL, Lohberger A, Bindschedler S, Chain PSG, Junier P. Oxalic acid, a molecule at the crossroads of bacterial-fungal interactions. Adv Appl Microbiol 2018; 106:49-77. [PMID: 30798804 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxalic acid is the most ubiquitous and common low molecular weight organic acid produced by living organisms. Oxalic acid is produced by fungi, bacteria, plants, and animals. The aim of this review is to give an overview of current knowledge about the microbial cycling of oxalic acid through ecosystems. Here we review the production and degradation of oxalic acid, as well as its implications in the metabolism for fungi, bacteria, plants, and animals. Indeed, fungi are well known producers of oxalic acid, while bacteria are considered oxalic acid consumers. However, this framework may need to be modified, because the ability of fungi to degrade oxalic acid and the ability of bacteria to produce it, have been poorly investigated. Finally, we will highlight the role of fungi and bacteria in oxalic acid cycling in soil, plant and animal ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Palmieri
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Aislinn Estoppey
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Geoffrey L House
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Andrea Lohberger
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Saskia Bindschedler
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick S G Chain
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Pilar Junier
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Paull NJ, Irga PJ, Torpy FR. Active green wall plant health tolerance to diesel smoke exposure. Environ Pollut 2018; 240:448-456. [PMID: 29754094 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Poor air quality is an emerging world-wide problem, with most urban air pollutants arising from vehicular emissions. As such, localized high pollution environments, such as traffic tunnels pose a significant health risk. Phytoremediation, including the use of active (ventilated) green walls or botanical biofilters, is gaining recognition as a potentially effective method for air pollution control. Research to date has tested the capacity of these systems to remove low levels of pollutants from indoor environments. If botanical biofilters are to be used in highly polluted environments, the plants used in these systems must be resilient, however, this idea has received minimal research. Thus, testing was conducted to assess the hardiness of the vegetated component of a botanical biofilter to simulated street level air pollutant exposure. A range of morphological, physiological, and biochemical tests were conducted on 8 common green wall plant species prior to and post 5-week exposure to highly concentrated diesel fuel combustion effluent; as a pilot study to investigate viability in in situ conditions. The results indicated that species within the fig family were the most tolerant species of those assessed. It is likely that species within the fig family can withstand enhanced air pollutant conditions, potentially a result of its leaf morphology and physiology. Other species tested were all moderately tolerant to the pollution treatment. We conclude that most common green wall plant species have the capacity to withstand high pollutant environments, however, extended experimentation is needed to rule out potential long term effects along with potential decreases in filter efficiency from accumulative effects on the substrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi J Paull
- Plants and Environmental Quality Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Peter J Irga
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
| | - Fraser R Torpy
- Plants and Environmental Quality Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ma HK, Pineda A, van der Wurff AWG, Bezemer TM. Synergistic and antagonistic effects of mixing monospecific soils on plant-soil feedbacks. Plant Soil 2018; 429:271-279. [PMID: 30971850 PMCID: PMC6434923 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-018-3694-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plants influence the soil they grow in, and this can alter the performance of other, later growing plants in the same soil. This is called plant-soil feedback and is usually tested with monospecific soils, i.e. soils that are conditioned by one plant species. Here, we test if plant-soil feedbacks of inocula consisting of mixtures of monospecific soils can be predicted from the effects of the component inocula. METHODS Chrysanthemum plants were grown in sterile soil inoculated with eight monospecific conditioned soils and with mixtures consisting of all pairwise combinations. Plant biomass and leaf yellowness were measured and the additivity was calculated. RESULTS On average, plant biomass in the mixed inocula was slightly but significantly (6%) lower than predicted. In contrast, when growing in mixed inocula, plants showed 38% less disease symptoms than predicted. Moreover, the larger the difference between the effects of the two monospecific soils on plant growth, the higher the observed effect in the mixture exceeded the predicted effects. CONCLUSIONS We show that mixed monospecific soils interact antagonistically in terms of plant growth, but synergistically for disease symptoms. Our study further advances our understanding of plant-soil feedbacks, and suggests that mixing soils can be a powerful tool to steer soil microbiomes to improve plant-soil feedback effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-kun Ma
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biology, Section Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9505, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Pineda
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andre W. G. van der Wurff
- Delft Research Group, Section Green Projects, Groen Agro Control, P.O. Box 549, 2600 AM Delft, The Netherlands
| | - T. Martijn Bezemer
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biology, Section Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9505, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Das P, Barua S, Sarkar S, Karak N, Bhattacharyya P, Raza N, Kim KH, Bhattacharya SS. Plant extract-mediated green silver nanoparticles: Efficacy as soil conditioner and plant growth promoter. J Hazard Mater 2018; 346:62-72. [PMID: 29247955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Recently, concerns have been raised regarding the ultimate fate of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) after their release into the environment. In this study, the environmental feasibility of plant leaf (Thuja occidentalis) extract-mediated green SNPs (GSNPs) was assessed in terms of their effects on soil physicochemical properties and crop growth in comparison to conventionally synthesized silver nanoparticles (CSNPs). Upon application of GSNPs, soil pH shifted toward neutrality, and substantial increments were observed in water holding capacity (WHC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and N/P availability. The mechanism behind the enhanced availability of N was verified through lab-scale experiments in which GSNP-treated soils efficiently resisted nitrate leaching, thereby sustaining N availability in root zone soil layers. However, retardation in nutrient availability and enzyme activity was apparent in soils treated with 100 mg kg-1 of either CSNPs or GSNPs. Remarkable improvements in leaf area index (LAI), leaf number, chlorophyll content, nitrate reductase (NR) activity, and Phaseolus vulgaris pod yield were observed after the application of low doses of GSNPs (25-50 mg kg-1). The true benefit of GSNP application to soil was substantiated through experiments on plant uptake of nutrients, NR expression, and ferredoxin gene expression in P. vulgaris leaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pallabi Das
- Soil and Agro-Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Shaswat Barua
- Advanced Polymer and Nanomaterial Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences (Centre for Polymer Science and Technology), Tezpur University, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Shuvasree Sarkar
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Niranjan Karak
- Advanced Polymer and Nanomaterial Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences (Centre for Polymer Science and Technology), Tezpur University, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Pradip Bhattacharyya
- Agricultural and Ecological Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Giridih, Jharkhand 815301, India
| | - Nadeem Raza
- Govt. Emerson College affiliated with Bahauddin Zakaryia University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, South Korea.
| | - Satya Sundar Bhattacharya
- Soil and Agro-Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Assam, 784028, India.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Muñoz-Ortuño M, Serra-Mora P, Herráez-Hernández R, Verdú-Andrés J, Campíns-Falcó P. A new tool for direct non-invasive evaluation of chlorophyll a content from diffuse reflectance measurements. Sci Total Environ 2017; 609:370-376. [PMID: 28753512 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll is a key biochemical component that is responsible for photosynthesis and is an indicator of plant health. The effect of stressors can be determined by measuring the amount of chlorophyll a, which is the most abundant chlorophyll, in vegetation in general. Nowadays, invasive methods and vegetation indices are used for establishing chlorophyll amount or an approximation to this value, respectively. This paper demonstrates that H-point curve isolation method (HPCIM) is useful for isolating the signal of chlorophyll a from non-invasive diffuse reflectance measurements of leaves. Spinach plants have been chosen as an example. For applying the HPCIM only the registers of both, a standard and the sample are needed. The results obtained by HPCIM and the invasive method were statistically similar for spinach leaves: 144±6mg/m2 (n=5) and 155±40mg/m2 (n=5), respectively. However, more precise values were achieved with the HPCIM, which also involved minimal experimental effort. The HPCIM method was applied to spinach plants stressed by the action of several pesticides and water scarcity, showing a decrease of chlorophyll a content with time, which is related with a loss of health. The results obtained were compared with those achieved by two different reflectance vegetation indices (Macc01 and NDVI). Although NDVI and HPCIM gave similar footprints for the plants tested, vegetation indices fail in the estimation of real content of the chlorophyll a. The HPCIM could contribute to improve the knowledge of the chlorophyll a content of vegetation like health indicator, by applying it to a much employed non-invasive technique such as diffuse reflectance, which can be used in place or in remote sensing mode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Muñoz-Ortuño
- MINTOTA research group, Departament de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - P Serra-Mora
- MINTOTA research group, Departament de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Herráez-Hernández
- MINTOTA research group, Departament de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Verdú-Andrés
- MINTOTA research group, Departament de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - P Campíns-Falcó
- MINTOTA research group, Departament de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Khati P, Chaudhary P, Gangola S, Bhatt P, Sharma A. Nanochitosan supports growth of Zea mays and also maintains soil health following growth. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:81. [PMID: 28500403 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0668-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effect of nanochitosan in combination with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), PS2 and PS10 on maize growth. The PGPR were earlier recognized as Bacillus spp. on the basis of 16S rDNA sequencing. The observation revealed enhanced plant health parameters like seed germination (from 60 to 96.97%), plant height (1.5-fold increase), and leaf area (twofold). Variability in different physicochemical parameters (pH, oxidizable organic carbon, available phosphorous, available potassium, ammoniacal nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen) was observed. Activities of soil health indicator enzymes (dehydrogenase, fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis and alkaline phosphatase) were also enhanced 2 to 3 fold. Plant metabolites with respect to different treatments were also analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and the result revealed an increase in the amounts of alcohols, acid ester and aldehyde compounds. Increase in organic acids indicates increased stress tolerance mechanism operating in maize plant after treatment of nanochitosan.
Collapse
|
26
|
Barelli L, Moonjely S, Behie SW, Bidochka MJ. Fungi with multifunctional lifestyles: endophytic insect pathogenic fungi. Plant Mol Biol 2016; 90:657-664. [PMID: 26644135 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-015-0413-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This review examines the symbiotic, evolutionary, proteomic and genetic basis for a group of fungi that occupy a specialized niche as insect pathogens as well as endophytes. We focus primarily on species in the genera Metarhizium and Beauveria, traditionally recognized as insect pathogenic fungi but are also found as plant symbionts. Phylogenetic evidence suggests that these fungi are more closely related to grass endophytes and diverged from that lineage ca. 100 MYA. We explore how the dual life cycles of these fungi as insect pathogens and endophytes are coupled. We discuss the evolution of insect pathogenesis while maintaining an endophytic lifestyle and provide examples of genes that may be involved in the transition toward insect pathogenicity. That is, some genes for insect pathogenesis may have been co-opted from genes involved in endophytic colonization. Other genes may be multifunctional and serve in both lifestyle capacities. We suggest that their evolution as insect pathogens allowed them to effectively barter a specialized nitrogen source (i.e. insects) with host plants for photosynthate. These ubiquitous fungi may play an important role as plant growth promoters and have a potential reservoir of secondary metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Barelli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Soumya Moonjely
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Scott W Behie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Michael J Bidochka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Klapwijk MJ, Hopkins AJM, Eriksson L, Pettersson M, Schroeder M, Lindelöw Å, Rönnberg J, Keskitalo ECH, Kenis M. Reducing the risk of invasive forest pests and pathogens: Combining legislation, targeted management and public awareness. Ambio 2016; 45 Suppl 2:223-34. [PMID: 26744056 PMCID: PMC4705072 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-015-0748-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Intensifying global trade will result in increased numbers of plant pest and pathogen species inadvertently being transported along with cargo. This paper examines current mechanisms for prevention and management of potential introductions of forest insect pests and pathogens in the European Union (EU). Current European legislation has not been found sufficient in preventing invasion, establishment and spread of pest and pathogen species within the EU. Costs associated with future invasions are difficult to estimate but past invasions have led to negative economic impacts in the invaded country. The challenge is combining free trade and free movement of products (within the EU) with protection against invasive pests and pathogens. Public awareness may mobilise the public for prevention and detection of potential invasions and, simultaneously, increase support for eradication and control measures. We recommend focus on commodities in addition to pathways, an approach within the EU using a centralised response unit and, critically, to engage the general public in the battle against establishment and spread of these harmful pests and pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maartje J Klapwijk
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Anna J M Hopkins
- Centre of Excellence for Climate Change, Woodlands and Forest Health, Murdoch University, WA 6150, Perth, Australia.
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Louise Eriksson
- Department of Geography and Economic History, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Maria Pettersson
- Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87, Luleå, Sweden.
| | | | - Åke Lindelöw
- Department of Ecology, SLU, Box 7044, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jonas Rönnberg
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - E Carina H Keskitalo
- Department of Geography and Economic History, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Marc Kenis
- CABI Europe-Switzerland, 1 Rue des Grillons, 2800, Delémont, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|