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Wang J, Liu J, Sümbelli Y, Shao J, Shi X, van Hest JCM. Nanogel-based nitric oxide-driven nanomotor for deep tissue penetration and enhanced tumor therapy. J Control Release 2024; 372:59-68. [PMID: 38866242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Antitumor agents often lack effective penetration and accumulation to achieve high therapeutic efficacy in treating solid tumors. Nanomotor-based nanomaterials offer a potential solution to address this obstacle. Among them, nitric oxide (NO) based nanomotors have garnered attention for their potential applications in nanomedicine. However, there widespread clinical adoption has been hindered by their complex preparation processes. To address this limitation, we have developed a NO-driven nanomotor utilizing a convenient and scalable nanogel preparation procedure. These nanomotors, loaded with the fluorescent probe / sonosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6), were specifically engineered for sonodynamic therapy. Through comprehensive in vitro investigations using both 2D and 3D cell models, as well as in vivo analysis of Ce6 fluorescent signal distribution in solid tumor models, we observed that the self-propulsion of these nanomotors significantly enhances cellular uptake and tumor penetration, particularly in solid tumors. This phenomenon enables efficient access to challenging tumor regions and, in some cases, results in complete tumor coverage. Notably, our nanomotors have demonstrated long-term in vivo biosafety. This study presents an effective approach to enhancing drug penetration and improving therapeutic efficacy in tumor treatment, with potential clinical relevance for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Wang
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Junjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Donghua University, 201620 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yiǧitcan Sümbelli
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Jingxin Shao
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Donghua University, 201620 Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Jan C M van Hest
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
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2
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Chen T, Cai Y, Ren B, Sánchez BJ, Dong R. Intelligent micro/nanorobots based on biotemplates. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:2772-2801. [PMID: 38597188 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00114a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Intelligent micro/nanorobots based on natural materials as biotemplates are considered to be some of the most promising robots in the future in the microscopic field. Due to the advantages of biotemplates such as unique structure, abundant resources, environmental friendliness, easy removal, low price, easy access, and renewability, intelligent micro/nanorobots based on biotemplates can be endowed with both excellent biomaterial activity and unique structural morphology through biotemplates themselves and specific functions through artificial micro/nanotechnology. Thus, intelligent micro/nanorobots show excellent application potential in various fields from biomedical applications to environmental remediation. In this review, we introduce the advantages of using natural biological materials as biotemplates to build intelligent micro/nanorobots, and then, classify the micro/nanorobots according to different types of biotemplates, systematically detail their preparation strategies and summarize their application prospects. Finally, in order to further advance the development of intelligent micro/nanorobots, we discuss the current challenges and future prospects of biotemplates. Intelligent micro/nanorobots based on biotemplates are a perfect combination of natural biotemplates and micro/nanotechnology, which is an important trend for the future development of micro/nanorobots. We hope this review can provide useful references for developing more intelligent, efficient and safe micro/nanorobots in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Yuepeng Cai
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Biye Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Beatriz Jurado Sánchez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering Universidad de Alcala, Alcala de Henares, E-28802 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Renfeng Dong
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Materials, Chemistry of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes Lingnan Normal University Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524048, P. R. China
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3
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Wang W, Luo H, Wang H. Recent advances in micro/nanomotors for antibacterial applications. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:5000-5023. [PMID: 38712692 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02718j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Currently, the rapid spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria derived from the indiscriminate use of traditional antibiotics poses a significant threat to public health worldwide. Moreover, established bacterial biofilms are extremely difficult to eradicate because of their high tolerance to traditional antimicrobial agents and extraordinary resistance to phagocytosis. Hence, it is of universal significance to develop novel robust and efficient antibacterial strategies to combat bacterial infections. Micro/nanomotors exhibit many intriguing properties, including enhanced mass transfer and micro-mixing resulting from their locomotion, intrinsic antimicrobial capabilities, active cargo delivery, and targeted treatment with precise micromanipulation, which facilitate the targeted delivery of antimicrobials to infected sites and their deep permeation into sites of bacterial biofilms for fast inactivation. Thus, the ideal antimicrobial activity of antibacterial micro/nanorobots makes them desirable alternatives to traditional antimicrobial treatments and has aroused extensive interest in recent years. In this review, recent advancements in antibacterial micro/nanomotors are briefly summarized, focusing on their synthetic methods, propulsion mechanism, and versatile antibacterial applications. Finally, some personal insights into the current challenges and possible future directions to translate proof-of-concept research to clinic application are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxia Wang
- School of Biomedical and Phamaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Hangyu Luo
- School of Biomedical and Phamaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Han Wang
- School of Biomedical and Phamaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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4
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Mayorga-Martinez CC, Zhang L, Pumera M. Chemical multiscale robotics for bacterial biofilm treatment. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2284-2299. [PMID: 38324331 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00564j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
A biofilm constitutes a bacterial community encased in a sticky matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. These intricate microbial communities adhere to various host surfaces such as hard and soft tissues as well as indwelling medical devices. These microbial aggregates form a robust matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), leading to the majority of human infections. Such infections tend to exhibit high resistance to treatment, often progressing into chronic states. The matrix of EPS protects bacteria from a hostile environment and prevents the penetration of antibacterial agents. Modern robots at nano, micro, and millimeter scales are highly attractive candidates for biomedical applications due to their diverse functionalities, such as navigating in confined spaces and targeted multitasking. In this tutorial review, we describe key milestones in the strategies developed for the removal and eradication of biofilms using robots of different sizes and shapes. It can be seen that robots at different scales are useful and effective tools for treating bacterial biofilms, thus preventing persistent infections, the loss of costly implanted medical devices, and additional costs associated with hospitalization and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen C Mayorga-Martinez
- Advanced Nanorobots & Multicale Robotics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava 70800, Czech Republic.
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Martin Pumera
- Advanced Nanorobots & Multicale Robotics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava 70800, Czech Republic.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, Brno, CZ-616 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
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5
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Pu R, Yang X, Mu H, Xu Z, He J. Current status and future application of electrically controlled micro/nanorobots in biomedicine. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1353660. [PMID: 38314349 PMCID: PMC10834684 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1353660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Using micro/nanorobots (MNRs) for targeted therapy within the human body is an emerging research direction in biomedical science. These nanoscale to microscale miniature robots possess specificity and precision that are lacking in most traditional treatment modalities. Currently, research on electrically controlled micro/nanorobots is still in its early stages, with researchers primarily focusing on the fabrication and manipulation of these robots to meet complex clinical demands. This review aims to compare the fabrication, powering, and locomotion of various electrically controlled micro/nanorobots, and explore their advantages, disadvantages, and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruochen Pu
- Jintan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiyu Yang
- Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoran Mu
- Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhonghua Xu
- Jintan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin He
- Jintan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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6
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Zheng J, Huang R, Lin Z, Chen S, Yuan K. Nano/Micromotors for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy: Innovative Designs to Improve Biocompatibility. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:44. [PMID: 38258055 PMCID: PMC10821023 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Nano/micromotors are artificial robots at the nano/microscale that are capable of transforming energy into mechanical movement. In cancer diagnosis or therapy, such "tiny robots" show great promise for targeted drug delivery, cell removal/killing, and even related biomarker sensing. Yet biocompatibility is still the most critical challenge that restricts such techniques from transitioning from the laboratory to clinical applications. In this review, we emphasize the biocompatibility aspect of nano/micromotors to show the great efforts made by researchers to promote their clinical application, mainly including non-toxic fuel propulsion (inorganic catalysts, enzyme, etc.), bio-hybrid designs, ultrasound propulsion, light-triggered propulsion, magnetic propulsion, dual propulsion, and, in particular, the cooperative swarm-based strategy for increasing therapeutic effects. Future challenges in translating nano/micromotors into real applications and the potential directions for increasing biocompatibility are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahuan Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China;
| | - Rui Huang
- Bio-Analytical Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (R.H.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhexuan Lin
- Bio-Analytical Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (R.H.); (Z.L.)
| | - Shaoqi Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Kaisong Yuan
- Bio-Analytical Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (R.H.); (Z.L.)
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
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7
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Tao Y, Lin L, Ren X, Wang X, Cao X, Gu H, Ye Y, Ren Y, Zhang Z. Four-Dimensional Micro/Nanorobots via Laser Photochemical Synthesis towards the Molecular Scale. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1656. [PMID: 37763819 PMCID: PMC10537291 DOI: 10.3390/mi14091656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Miniaturized four-dimensional (4D) micro/nanorobots denote a forerunning technique associated with interdisciplinary applications, such as in embeddable labs-on-chip, metamaterials, tissue engineering, cell manipulation, and tiny robotics. With emerging smart interactive materials, static micro/nanoscale architectures have upgraded to the fourth dimension, evincing time-dependent shape/property mutation. Molecular-level 4D robotics promises complex sensing, self-adaption, transformation, and responsiveness to stimuli for highly valued functionalities. To precisely control 4D behaviors, current-laser-induced photochemical additive manufacturing, such as digital light projection, stereolithography, and two-photon polymerization, is pursuing high-freeform shape-reconfigurable capacities and high-resolution spatiotemporal programming strategies, which challenge multi-field sciences while offering new opportunities. Herein, this review summarizes the recent development of micro/nano 4D laser photochemical manufacturing, incorporating active materials and shape-programming strategies to provide an envisioning of these miniaturized 4D micro/nanorobots. A comparison with other chemical/physical fabricated micro/nanorobots further explains the advantages and potential usage of laser-synthesized micro/nanorobots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Tao
- Institute of Micro-Nano Optoelectronics and Terahertz Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Postdoctoral Workstation, Zhejiang Chuangge Technology Co., Ltd., Zhuji 311899, China
| | - Liansheng Lin
- Institute of Micro-Nano Optoelectronics and Terahertz Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xudong Ren
- Institute of Micro-Nano Optoelectronics and Terahertz Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xuejiao Wang
- Institute of Micro-Nano Optoelectronics and Terahertz Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xia Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Heng Gu
- Institute of Micro-Nano Optoelectronics and Terahertz Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yunxia Ye
- Institute of Micro-Nano Optoelectronics and Terahertz Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yunpeng Ren
- Institute of Micro-Nano Optoelectronics and Terahertz Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- Postdoctoral Workstation, Zhejiang Chuangge Technology Co., Ltd., Zhuji 311899, China
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8
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de la Asunción-Nadal V, Bujalance-Fernández J, Jurado-Sánchez B, Escarpa A. Photoresponsive MoS 2 and WS 2 microflakes as mobile biocide agents. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:9675-9683. [PMID: 37009994 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00349c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A fuel-free strategy for the eradication of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus biofilms using WS2 and MoS2 photophoretic microflakes is described. The microflakes were prepared by liquid-phase exfoliation of the materials. Under electromagnetic irradiation at 480 or 535 nm, the microflakes experience a fast collective behavior at speeds of over 300 μm s-1 due to photophoresis. Simultaneously to their motion, reactive oxygen species are generated. The fast microflake schooling into multiple moving swarms results in a highly efficient "collision" platform that disrupts the biofilm, enhancing radical oxygen species' contact with the bacteria for their inactivation. As such, removal biofilm mass rates of over 90% and 65% are achieved using the MoS2 and WS2 microflakes in the treatment of Gram-negative E. coli and Gram-positive S. aureus biofilms after 20 min. Much lower removal biofilm mass rates (30%) are obtained under static conditions, revealing the crucial role of microflake movement and radical generation in the active eradication of biofilms. Much higher removal efficiencies are observed in biofilm deactivation as compared with the use of free antibiotics, which are not able to destroy the densely packed biofilms. The new moving microflakes hold considerable promise for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor de la Asunción-Nadal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, E-28805, Spain.
| | - Javier Bujalance-Fernández
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, E-28805, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Jurado-Sánchez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, E-28805, Spain.
- Chemical Research Institute "Andres M. del Rio", University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, E-28805, Spain
| | - Alberto Escarpa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, E-28805, Spain.
- Chemical Research Institute "Andres M. del Rio", University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, E-28805, Spain
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Mayorga-Martinez CC, Zelenka J, Klima K, Kubanova M, Ruml T, Pumera M. Multimodal-Driven Magnetic Microrobots with Enhanced Bactericidal Activity for Biofilm Eradication and Removal from Titanium Mesh. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300191. [PMID: 36995927 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Modern micro/nanorobots can perform multiple tasks for biomedical and environmental applications. Particularly, magnetic microrobots can be completely controlled by a rotating magnetic field and their motion powered and controlled without the use of toxic fuels, which makes them most promising for biomedical application. Moreover, they are able to form swarms, allowing them to perform specific tasks at a larger scale than a single microrobot. In this work, they developed magnetic microrobots composed of halloysite nanotubes as backbone and iron oxide (Fe3 O4 ) nanoparticles as magnetic material allowing magnetic propulsion and covered these with polyethylenimine to load ampicillin and prevent the microrobots from disassembling. These microrobots exhibit multimodal motion as single robots as well as in swarms. In addition, they can transform from tumbling to spinning motion and vice-versa, and when in swarm mode they can change their motion from vortex to ribbon and back again. Finally, the vortex motion mode is used to penetrate and disrupt the extracellular matrix of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm colonized on titanium mesh used for bone restoration, which improves the effect of the antibiotic's activity. Such magnetic microrobots for biofilm removal from medical implants could reduce implant rejection and improve patients' well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen C Mayorga-Martinez
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, Prague, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Zelenka
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, Prague, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Klima
- Department of Stomatology - Maxillofacial Surgery, General Teaching Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, 12808, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Kubanova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, Prague, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Ruml
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, Prague, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, Prague, 166 28, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and, Computer Science, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava, 70800, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
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10
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Xiong J, Shi Y, Pan T, Lu D, He Z, Wang D, Li X, Zhu G, Li B, Xin H. Wake-Riding Effect-Inspired Opto-Hydrodynamic Diatombot for Non-Invasive Trapping and Removal of Nano-Biothreats. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301365. [PMID: 37012610 PMCID: PMC10288256 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of nano-biothreats, such as viruses, mycoplasmas, and pathogenic bacteria, is widespread in cell cultures and greatly threatens many cell-based bio-analysis and biomanufacturing. However, non-invasive trapping and removal of such biothreats during cell culturing, particularly many precious cells, is of great challenge. Here, inspired by the wake-riding effect, a biocompatible opto-hydrodynamic diatombot (OHD) based on optical trapping navigated rotational diatom (Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin) for non-invasive trapping and removal of nano-biothreats is reported. Combining the opto-hydrodynamic effect and optical trapping, this rotational OHD enables the trapping of bio-targets down to sub-100 nm. Different nano-biothreats, such as adenoviruses, pathogenic bacteria, and mycoplasmas, are first demonstrated to be effectively trapped and removed by the OHD, without affecting culturing cells including precious cells such as hippocampal neurons. The removal efficiency is greatly enhanced via reconfigurable OHD array construction. Importantly, these OHDs show remarkable antibacterial capability, and further facilitate targeted gene delivery. This OHD serves as a smart micro-robotic platform for effective trapping and active removal of nano-biothreats in bio-microenvironments, and especially for cell culturing of many precious cells, with great promises for benefiting cell-based bio-analysis and biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyun Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic ManipulationInstitute of NanophotonicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou511443P. R. China
| | - Yang Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic ManipulationInstitute of NanophotonicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou511443P. R. China
| | - Ting Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic ManipulationInstitute of NanophotonicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou511443P. R. China
| | - Dengyun Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic ManipulationInstitute of NanophotonicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou511443P. R. China
| | - Ziyi He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic ManipulationInstitute of NanophotonicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou511443P. R. China
| | - Danning Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic ManipulationInstitute of NanophotonicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou511443P. R. China
| | - Xing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic ManipulationInstitute of NanophotonicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou511443P. R. China
| | - Guoshuai Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic ManipulationInstitute of NanophotonicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou511443P. R. China
| | - Baojun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic ManipulationInstitute of NanophotonicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou511443P. R. China
| | - Hongbao Xin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic ManipulationInstitute of NanophotonicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou511443P. R. China
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11
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Maric T, Løvind A, Zhang Z, Geng J, Boisen A. Near-Infrared Light-Driven Mesoporous SiO 2 /Au Nanomotors for Eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2203018. [PMID: 36732890 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are linked to several diseases and cause resistant and chronic infections in immune-compromised patients. Nanomotors comprise a new field of research showing a great promise within biomedicine but pose challenges in terms of biocompatibility. Nanomotors propelled by thermophoresis could overcome this challenge, as they leave no waste product during propulsion. In this study, mesoporous-silica nanoparticles are coated with a thin layer of gold to make nanomotors, which can be driven by near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation. The prepared mesoporous SiO2 -Au nanomotors exhibit efficient self-propulsion when exposed to NIR irradiation, they penetrate deep through a biofilm matrix, and disperse the biofilm in situ due to the photothermal effect on the Au part of the nanomotors. The velocities of such nanomotors are investigated at different wavelengths and laser powers. Furthermore, the study examines the ability of these nanomotors to eradicate Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) biofilm under NIR light irradiation. The conducted study shows that the nanomotor's velocity increases with increasing laser power. The mesoporous SiO2 /Au nanomotors show excellent capabilities to eradicate P. aeruginosa biofilms even under short (30 s-3 min) irradiation time. This study shows great promise for overcoming the challenges related to bacterial biofilm eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Maric
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsted Plads, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark.,Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Amalie Løvind
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsted Plads, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark.,Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Zhongyang Zhang
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsted Plads, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark.,Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Jiayue Geng
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Anja Boisen
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsted Plads, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark.,Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
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12
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Mayorga-Martinez CC, Castoralova M, Zelenka J, Ruml T, Pumera M. Swarming Magnetic Microrobots for Pathogen Isolation from Milk. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205047. [PMID: 36475385 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bovine mastitis produced by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) causes major problems in milk production due to the staphylococcal enterotoxins produced by this bacterium. These enterotoxins are stable and cannot be eradicated easily by common hygienic procedures once they are formed in dairy products. Here, magnetic microrobots (MagRobots) are developed based on paramagnetic hybrid microstructures loaded with IgG from rabbit serum that can bind and isolate S. aureus from milk in a concentration of 3.42 104 CFU g-1 (allowable minimum level established by the United States Food and Drug Administration, FDA). Protein A, which is present on the cell wall of S. aureus, selectively binds IgG from rabbit serum and loads the bacteria onto the surface of the MagRobots. The selective isolation of S. aureus is confirmed using a mixed suspension of S. aureus and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Moreover, this fuel-free system based on magnetic robots does not affect the natural milk microbiota or add any toxic compound resulting from fuel catalysis. This system can be used to isolate and transport efficiently S. aureus and discriminate it from nontarget bacteria for subsequent identification. Finally, this system can be scaled up for industrial use in food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen C Mayorga-Martinez
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Castoralova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Zelenka
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Ruml
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava, 70800, Czech Republic
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
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13
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Wang J, Dong Y, Ma P, Wang Y, Zhang F, Cai B, Chen P, Liu BF. Intelligent Micro-/Nanorobots for Cancer Theragnostic. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201051. [PMID: 35385160 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most intractable diseases owing to its high mortality rate and lack of effective diagnostic and treatment tools. Advancements in micro-/nanorobot (MNR)-assisted sensing, imaging, and therapeutics offer unprecedented opportunities to develop MNR-based cancer theragnostic platforms. Unlike ordinary nanoparticles, which exhibit Brownian motion in biofluids, MNRs overcome viscous resistance in an ultralow Reynolds number (Re << 1) environment by effective self-propulsion. This unique locomotion property has motivated the advanced design and functionalization of MNRs as a basis for next-generation cancer-therapy platforms, which offer the potential for precise distribution and improved permeation of therapeutic agents. Enhanced barrier penetration, imaging-guided operation, and biosensing are additionally studied to enable the promising cancer-related applications of MNRs. Herein, the recent advances in MNR-based cancer therapy are comprehensively addresses, including actuation engines, diagnostics, medical imaging, and targeted drug delivery; promising research opportunities that can have a profound impact on cancer therapy over the next decade is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yue Dong
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Peng Ma
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Fangyu Zhang
- Department of Nano Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Bocheng Cai
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Peng Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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14
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Zhang H, Li Z, He Q. Medical Swimming Cellbots. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyue Zhang
- Laboratory for Space Environment and Physical Sciences Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
| | - Zesheng Li
- Laboratory for Space Environment and Physical Sciences Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
| | - Qiang He
- School of Medicine and Health Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
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15
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Villa K, Sopha H, Zelenka J, Motola M, Dekanovsky L, Beketova DC, Macak JM, Ruml T, Pumera M. Enzyme-Photocatalyst Tandem Microrobot Powered by Urea for Escherichia coli Biofilm Eradication. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106612. [PMID: 35122470 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Urinary-based infections affect millions of people worldwide. Such bacterial infections are mainly caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli) biofilm formation in the bladder and/or urinary catheters. Herein, the authors present a hybrid enzyme/photocatalytic microrobot, based on urease-immobilized TiO2 /CdS nanotube bundles, that can swim in urea as a biocompatible fuel and respond to visible light. Upon illumination for 2 h, these microrobots are able to remove almost 90% of bacterial biofilm, due to the generation of reactive radicals, while bare TiO2 /CdS photocatalysts (non-motile) or urease-coated microrobots in the dark do not show any toxic effect. These results indicate a synergistic effect between the self-propulsion provided by the enzyme and the photocatalytic activity induced under light stimuli. This work provides a photo-biocatalytic approach for the design of efficient light-driven microrobots with promising applications in microbiology and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Villa
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Hanna Sopha
- Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Náměstí čs, Legií 565, Pardubice, 530 02, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno, 612 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Zelenka
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Motola
- Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Náměstí čs, Legií 565, Pardubice, 530 02, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Dekanovsky
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Darya Chylii Beketova
- Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Náměstí čs, Legií 565, Pardubice, 530 02, Czech Republic
| | - Jan M Macak
- Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Náměstí čs, Legií 565, Pardubice, 530 02, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno, 612 00, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Ruml
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague, 166 28, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno, 612 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
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16
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Sun M, Chan KF, Zhang Z, Wang L, Wang Q, Yang S, Chan SM, Chiu PWY, Sung JJY, Zhang L. Magnetic Microswarm and Fluoroscopy-Guided Platform for Biofilm Eradication in Biliary Stents. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201888. [PMID: 35474246 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm eradication from medical implants is of fundamental importance, and the treatment of biofilm-associated pathogen infections on inaccessible biliary stents remains challenging. Magnetically driven microrobots with controlled motility, accessibility to the tiny lumen, and swarm enhancement effects can physically disrupt the deleterious biostructures while not developing drug resistance. Magnetic urchin-like capsule robots (MUCRs) loaded with magnetic liquid metal droplets (MLMDs, antibacterial agents) are designed using natural sunflower pollen, and the therapeutic effect of swarming MUCR@MLMDs is explored for eradicating complex mixtures of bacterial biofilm within biliary stents collected from patients. The external magnetic field triggers the emergence of the microswarm and induces MLMDs to transform their shape into spheroids and rods with sharp edges. The inherent natural microspikes of MUCRs and the obtained sharp edges of MLMDs actively rupture the dense biological matrix and multiple species of embedded bacterial cells by exerting mechanical force, finally achieving synergistic biofilm eradication. The microswarm is precisely and rapidly deployed into the biliary stent via endoscopy in 10 min. Notably, fluoroscopy imaging is used to track and navigate the locomotion of microswarm in biliary stents in real-time. The microswarm has great potential for treating bacterial biofilm infections associated with medical implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kai Fung Chan
- Chow Yuk Ho Technology Center for Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Multi-Scale Medical Robotics Center, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zifeng Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Multi-Scale Medical Robotics Center, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qinglong Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shihao Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Philip Wai Yan Chiu
- Chow Yuk Ho Technology Center for Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Multi-Scale Medical Robotics Center, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joseph Jao Yiu Sung
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Chow Yuk Ho Technology Center for Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Multi-Scale Medical Robotics Center, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK T Stone Robotics Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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17
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Mayorga-Martinez CC, Zelenka J, Klima K, Mayorga-Burrezo P, Hoang L, Ruml T, Pumera M. Swarming Magnetic Photoactive Microrobots for Dental Implant Biofilm Eradication. ACS NANO 2022; 16:8694-8703. [PMID: 35507525 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dental implants are a multibillion dollar market in the United States alone. The growth of a bacterial biofilm on a dental implant can cause gingivitis, implant loss, and expensive subsequent care. Herein, we demonstrate the efficient eradication of dental biofilm on titanium dental implants via swarming magnetic microrobots based on ferromagnetic (Fe3O4) and photoactive (BiVO4) materials through polyethylenimine micelles. The ferromagnetic component serves as a propulsion force using a transversal rotating magnetic field while BiVO4 is the photoactive generator of reactive oxygen species to eradicate the biofilm colonies. Such photoactive magnetically powered, precisely navigated microrobots are able to destroy biofilm colonies on titanium implants, demonstrating their use in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen C Mayorga-Martinez
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Zelenka
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Klima
- Department of Stomatology - Maxillofacial Surgery, General Teaching Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 12808, Czech Republic
| | - Paula Mayorga-Burrezo
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Lan Hoang
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Ruml
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno 616 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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18
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Ravel G, Bergmann M, Trubuil A, Deschamps J, Briandet R, Labarthe S. Inferring characteristics of bacterial swimming in biofilm matrix from time-lapse confocal laser scanning microscopy. eLife 2022; 11:76513. [PMID: 35699414 PMCID: PMC9273218 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are spatially organized communities of microorganisms embedded in a self-produced organic matrix, conferring to the population emerging properties such as an increased tolerance to the action of antimicrobials. It was shown that some bacilli were able to swim in the exogenous matrix of pathogenic biofilms and to counterbalance these properties. Swimming bacteria can deliver antimicrobial agents in situ, or potentiate the activity of antimicrobial by creating a transient vascularization network in the matrix. Hence, characterizing swimmer trajectories in the biofilm matrix is of particular interest to understand and optimize this new biocontrol strategy in particular, but also more generally to decipher ecological drivers of population spatial structure in natural biofilms ecosystems. In this study, a new methodology is developed to analyze time-lapse confocal laser scanning images to describe and compare the swimming trajectories of bacilli swimmers populations and their adaptations to the biofilm structure. The method is based on the inference of a kinetic model of swimmer populations including mechanistic interactions with the host biofilm. After validation on synthetic data, the methodology is implemented on images of three different species of motile bacillus species swimming in a Staphylococcus aureus biofilm. The fitted model allows to stratify the swimmer populations by their swimming behavior and provides insights into the mechanisms deployed by the micro-swimmers to adapt their swimming traits to the biofilm matrix. Anyone who has ever cleaned a bathroom probably faced biofilms, the dark, slimy deposits that lurk around taps and pipes. These structures are created by bacteria which abandon their solitary lifestyle to work together as a community, secreting various substances that allow the cells to organise themselves in 3D and to better resist external aggression. Unwanted biofilms can impair industrial operations or endanger health, for example when they form inside medical equipment or water supplies. Removing these structures usually involves massive application of substances which can cause long-term damage to the environment. Recently, researchers have observed that a range of small rod-shaped bacteria – or ‘bacilli’ – can penetrate a harmful biofilm and dig transient tunnels in its 3D structure. These ‘swimmers’ can enhance the penetration of anti-microbial agents, or could even be modified to deliver these molecules right inside the biofilm. However, little is known about how the various types of bacilli, which have very different shapes and propelling systems, can navigate the complex environment that is a biofilm. This knowledge would be essential for scientists to select which swimmers could be the best to harness for industrial and medical applications. To investigate this question, Ravel et al. established a way to track how three species of bacilli swim inside a biofilm compared to in a simple fluid. A mathematical model was created which integrated several swimming behaviors such as speed adaptation and direction changes in response to the structure and density of the biofilm. This modelling was then fitted on microscopy images of the different species navigating the two types of environments. Different motion patterns for the three bacilli emerged, each showing different degrees of adapting to moving inside a biofilm. One species, in particular, was able to run straight in and out of this environment because it could adapt its speed to the biofilm density as well as randomly change direction. The new method developed by Ravel et al. can be redeployed to systematically study swimmer candidates in different types of biofilms. This would allow scientists to examine how various swimming characteristics impact how bacteria-killing chemicals can penetrate the altered biofilms. In addition, as the mathematical model can predict trajectories, it could be used in computational studies to examine which species of bacilli would be best suited in industrial settings.
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19
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Ussia M, Urso M, Kment S, Fialova T, Klima K, Dolezelikova K, Pumera M. Light-Propelled Nanorobots for Facial Titanium Implants Biofilms Removal. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200708. [PMID: 35535477 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Titanium miniplates are biocompatible materials used in modern oral and maxillofacial surgery to treat facial bone fractures. However, plate removal is often required due to implant complications. Among them, a biofilm formation on an infected miniplate is associated with severe inflammation, which frequently results in implant failure. In light of this, new strategies to control or treat oral bacterial biofilm are of high interest. Herein, the authors exploit the ability of nanorobots against multispecies bacterial biofilm grown onto facial commercial titanium miniplate implants to simulate pathogenic conditions of the oral microenvironment. The strategy is based on the use of light-driven self-propelled tubular black-TiO2 /Ag nanorobots, that unlike traditional ones, exhibit an extended absorption and motion actuation from UV to the visible-light range. The motion analysis is performed separately over UV, blue, and green light irradiation and shows different motion behaviors, including a fast rotational motion that decreases with increasing wavelengths. The biomass reduction is monitored by evaluating LIVE/DEAD fluorescent and digital microscope images of bacterial biofilm treated with the nanorobots under motion/no-motion conditions. The current study and the obtained results can bring significant improvements for effective therapy of infected metallic miniplates by biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Ussia
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno, 612 00, Czech Republic
| | - Mario Urso
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno, 612 00, Czech Republic
| | - Stepan Kment
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic
- Nanotechnology Centre, Centre of Energy and Environmental Technologies, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava-Poruba, 708 00, Czech Republic
| | - Tatiana Fialova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1/1665, Brno, 613 00, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Klima
- Institute of Dental Medicine, General University Hospital in Prague and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Katerinska 32, Prague, CZ-12108, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Dolezelikova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1/1665, Brno, 613 00, Czech Republic
- Center for Zoonotic Diseases, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1946/1, Brno, 612 42, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno, 612 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
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20
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Peng X, Urso M, Ussia M, Pumera M. Shape-Controlled Self-Assembly of Light-Powered Microrobots into Ordered Microchains for Cells Transport and Water Remediation. ACS NANO 2022; 16:7615-7625. [PMID: 35451832 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nature presents the collective behavior of living organisms aiming to accomplish complex tasks, inspiring the development of cooperative micro/nanorobots. Herein, the spontaneous assembly of hematite-based microrobots with different shapes is presented. Autonomous motile light-driven hematite/Pt microrobots with cubic and walnut-like shapes are prepared by hydrothermal synthesis, followed by the deposition of a Pt layer to design Janus structures. Both microrobots show a fuel-free motion ability under light irradiation. Because of the asymmetric orientation of the magnetic dipole moment in the crystal, cubic hematite/Pt microrobots can self-assemble into ordered microchains, contrary to the random aggregation observed for walnut-like microrobots. The microchains exhibit different synchronized motions under light irradiation depending on the mutual orientation of the individual microrobots during the assembly, which allows them to accomplish multiple tasks, including capturing, picking up, and transporting microscale objects, such as yeast cells and suspended matter in water extracted from personal care products, as well as degrading polymeric materials. Such light-powered self-assembled microchains demonstrate an innovative cooperative behavior for small-scale multitasking artificial robotic systems, holding great potential toward cargo capture, transport, and delivery, and wastewater remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Peng
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mario Urso
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Ussia
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan 40402, ROC
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722 Seoul, Korea
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21
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Zhang Z, Wang L, Chan TKF, Chen Z, Ip M, Chan PKS, Sung JJY, Zhang L. Micro-/Nanorobots in Antimicrobial Applications: Recent Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101991. [PMID: 34907671 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria remains one of the most urgent threats to public health worldwide. Even worse, the bacterial cells commonly form biofilms through aggregation and adhesion, preventing antibiotic penetration and resisting environmental stress. Moreover, biofilms tend to grow in some hard-to-reach regions, bringing difficulty for antibiotic delivery at the infected site. The drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria and intractable biofilm give rise to chronic and recurrent infections, exacerbating the challenge in combating bacterial infections. Micro/nanorobots (MNRs) are capable of active cargo delivery, targeted treatment with high precision, and motion-assisted mechanical force, which enable transport and enhance penetration of antibacterial agents into the targeted site, thus showing great promise in emerging as an attractive alternative to conventional antibacterial therapies. This review summarizes the recent advances in micro-/nanorobots for antibacterial applications, with emphasis on those novel strategies for drug-resistance bacterium and stubborn biofilm infections. Insights on the future development of MNRs with good functionality and biosafety offer promising approaches to address infections in the clinic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifeng Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
| | - Tony K. F. Chan
- Chow Yuk Ho Technology Center for Innovative Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
| | - Zigui Chen
- Department of Microbiology The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
| | - Margaret Ip
- Department of Microbiology The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
| | - Paul K. S. Chan
- Department of Microbiology The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
| | - Joseph J. Y. Sung
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological University Singapore 636921 Singapore
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
- Chow Yuk Ho Technology Center for Innovative Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
- CUHK T Stone Robotics Institute The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
- Department of Surgery The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
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