1
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Lee G, Rand BP, Roh K. Halide Perovskite Thin Film Lasing Mode Control. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39356280 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c09514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskite semiconductors have emerged as highly efficient amplifying materials; to ensure practical applicability, it is important to have precise control over the spectral and polarization characteristics of lasing emission. In this study, we present effective strategies for manipulating single- and multimode lasing from surface-emitting and optically pumped perovskite distributed feedback lasers. We show that cladding structures can be made to modify the optical properties of guided transverse electric and magnetic modes within the gain medium. This leads to spectral tuning of multipeak lasing emission and the generation of linear polarization modes. Our results are supported with a comprehensive multilayer slab waveguide model and confirmed with two different perovskite materials: methylammonium lead iodide and cesium lead bromide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayoung Lee
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Barry P Rand
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Kwangdong Roh
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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2
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Goldberg I, Elkhouly K, Annavarapu N, Hamdad S, Gonzalez MC, Genoe J, Gehlhaar R, Heremans P. Toward Thin-Film Laser Diodes with Metal Halide Perovskites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2314193. [PMID: 39177182 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202314193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskite semiconductors hold a strong promise for enabling thin-film laser diodes. Perovskites distinguish themselves from other non-epitaxial media primarily through their ability to maintain performance at high current densities, which is a critical requirement for achieving injection lasing. Coming in a wide range of varieties, numerous perovskites delivered low-threshold optical amplified spontaneous emission and optically pumped lasing when combined with a suitable optical cavity. A progression toward electrically pumped lasing requires the development of efficient light-emitting structures with reduced optical losses and high radiative efficiency at lasing-level current densities. This involves a set of important trade-offs in terms of material choice, stack and waveguide design, as well as resonator integration. In this Perspective, the key milestones are highlighted that have been achieved in the study of passive optical waveguides and light-emitting diodes, and these learnings are translated toward more complex laser diode architectures. Finally, a novel resonator integration route is proposed that is capable of relaxing optical and electrical design constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iakov Goldberg
- IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
- ESAT, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Karim Elkhouly
- IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
- ESAT, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Nirav Annavarapu
- IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
- ESAT, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Sarah Hamdad
- IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
- ESAT, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Maider Calderon Gonzalez
- IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
- ESAT, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Jan Genoe
- IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
- ESAT, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | | | - Paul Heremans
- IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
- ESAT, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
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3
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Wierzbowska M, Meléndez JJ. Exploring Epitaxial Structures for Electrically Pumped Perovskite Lasers: A Study of CsPb(Br,I) 3 Based on the Ab Initio Bethe-Salpeter Equation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:427. [PMID: 38255596 PMCID: PMC11154405 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Halide perovskites are widely used as components of electronic and optoelectronic devices such as solar cells, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), optically pumped lasers, field-effect transistors, photodetectors, and γ-detectors. Despite this wide range of applications, the construction of an electrically pumped perovskite laser remains challenging. In this paper, we numerically justify that mixing two perovskite compounds with different halide elements can lead to optical properties suitable for electrical pumping. As a reference, the chosen model material was CsPbBr3, whose performance as a part of lasers has been widely recognised, with some Br atoms substituted by I at specific sites. In particular, a strong enhancement of the low-energy absorption peaks has been obtained using the ab initio Bethe-Salpeter equation. Based on these results, we propose specific architectures of ordered doping that could be realised by epitaxial growth. Efficient light emission from the bottom of the conduction band is expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Wierzbowska
- Institute of High Pressure Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokolowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Juan J. Meléndez
- Department of Physics, University of Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas, s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;
- Institute for Advanced Scientific Computing of Extremadura (ICCAEx), Avda. de Elvas, s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
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4
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Yoshida K, Gong J, Kanibolotsky AL, Skabara PJ, Turnbull GA, Samuel IDW. Electrically driven organic laser using integrated OLED pumping. Nature 2023; 621:746-752. [PMID: 37758890 PMCID: PMC10533406 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors are carbon-based materials that combine optoelectronic properties with simple fabrication and the scope for tuning by changing their chemical structure1-3. They have been successfully used to make organic light-emitting diodes2,4,5 (OLEDs, now widely found in mobile phone displays and televisions), solar cells1, transistors6 and sensors7. However, making electrically driven organic semiconductor lasers is very challenging8,9. It is difficult because organic semiconductors typically support only low current densities, suffer substantial absorption from injected charges and triplets, and have additional losses due to contacts10,11. In short, injecting charges into the gain medium leads to intolerable losses. Here we take an alternative approach in which charge injection and lasing are spatially separated, thereby greatly reducing losses. We achieve this by developing an integrated device structure that efficiently couples an OLED, with exceptionally high internal-light generation, with a polymer distributed feedback laser. Under the electrical driving of the integrated structure, we observe a threshold in light output versus drive current, with a narrow emission spectrum and the formation of a beam above the threshold. These observations confirm lasing. Our results provide an organic electronic device that has not been previously demonstrated, and show that indirect electrical pumping by an OLED is a very effective way of realizing an electrically driven organic semiconductor laser. This provides an approach to visible lasers that could see applications in spectroscopy, metrology and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kou Yoshida
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Junyi Gong
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Alexander L Kanibolotsky
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Physical-Organic Chemistry and Coal Chemistry, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Peter J Skabara
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Graham A Turnbull
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.
| | - Ifor D W Samuel
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.
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5
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Croes G, Puybaret R, Bogdanowicz J, Celano U, Gehlhaar R, Genoe J. Photonic metamaterial with a subwavelength electrode pattern. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:F14-F20. [PMID: 37707126 DOI: 10.1364/ao.481396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The next generation of tunable photonics requires highly conductive and light inert interconnects that enable fast switching of phase, amplitude, and polarization modulators without reducing their efficiency. As such, metallic electrodes should be avoided, as they introduce significant parasitic losses. Transparent conductive oxides, on the other hand, offer reduced absorption due to their high bandgap and good conductivity due to their relatively high carrier concentration. Here, we present a metamaterial that enables electrodes to be in contact with the light active part of optoelectronic devices without the accompanying metallic losses and scattering. To this end, we use transparent conductive oxides and refractive index matched dielectrics as the metamaterial constituents. We present the metamaterial construction together with various characterization techniques that confirm the desired optical and electrical properties.
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6
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Gunnarsson WB, Roh K, Zhao L, Murphy JP, Grede AJ, Giebink NC, Rand BP. Toward Nonepitaxial Laser Diodes. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37219995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Thin-film organic, colloidal quantum dot, and metal halide perovskite semiconductors are all being pursued in the quest for a wavelength-tunable diode laser technology that does not require epitaxial growth on a traditional semiconductor substrate. Despite promising demonstrations of efficient light-emitting diodes and low-threshold optically pumped lasing in each case, there are still fundamental and practical barriers that must be overcome to reliably achieve injection lasing. This review outlines the historical development and recent advances of each material system on the path to a diode laser. Common challenges in resonator design, electrical injection, and heat dissipation are highlighted, as well as the different optical gain physics that make each system unique. The evidence to date suggests that continued progress for organic and colloidal quantum dot laser diodes will likely hinge on the development of new materials or indirect pumping schemes, while improvements in device architecture and film processing are most critical for perovskite lasers. In all cases, systematic progress will require methods that can quantify how close new devices get with respect to their electrical lasing thresholds. We conclude by discussing the current status of nonepitaxial laser diodes in the historical context of their epitaxial counterparts, which suggests that there is reason to be optimistic for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Gunnarsson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Kwangdong Roh
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Lianfeng Zhao
- Holcombe Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - John P Murphy
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Alex J Grede
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Noel C Giebink
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Barry P Rand
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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7
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Li G, Lin K, Zhao K, Huang Y, Ji T, Shi L, Hao Y, Xiong Q, Zheng K, Pullerits T, Cui Y. Localized Bound Multiexcitons in Engineered Quasi-2D Perovskites Grains at Room Temperature for Efficient Lasers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211591. [PMID: 36918401 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the excitation threshold to minimize the Joule heating is critical for the realization of perovskite laser diodes. Although bound excitons are promising for low threshold laser, how to generate them at room temperature for laser applications is still unclear in quasi-2D perovskite-based devices. In this work, via engineering quasi-2D perovskite PEA2 (CH3 NH3 )n -1 Pbn Br3 n +1 microscopic grains by the anti-solvent method, room-temperature multiexciton radiative recombination is successfully demonstrated at a remarkably low pump density of 0.97 µJ cm-2 , which is only one-fourth of that required in 2D CdSe nanosheets. In addition, the well-defined translational momentum in quasi-2D perovskite grains can restrict the Auger recombination which is detrimental to radiative emission. Furthermore, the quasi-2D perovskite grains are favorable for increasing binding energies of excitons and biexcitons and so as the related radiative recombination. Consequently, the prepared <n = 8> phase quasi-2D perovskite film renders a threshold of room-temperature stimulated emission as low as 13.7 µJ cm-2 , reduced by 58.6% relative to the amorphous counterpart with larger grains. The findings in this work are expected to facilitate the development of solution-processable perovskite multiexcitonic laser diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Li
- College of Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
- Chemical physics division and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 124, Lund, 22100, Sweden
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Kai Lin
- College of Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Kefan Zhao
- College of Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Yang Huang
- College of Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Ting Ji
- College of Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Linlin Shi
- College of Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Yuying Hao
- College of Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Qihua Xiong
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Kaibo Zheng
- Chemical physics division and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 124, Lund, 22100, Sweden
| | - Tonu Pullerits
- Chemical physics division and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 124, Lund, 22100, Sweden
| | - Yanxia Cui
- College of Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, 030006, China
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8
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Li Y, Hu H, Farag A, Feeney T, Allegro I, Lemmer U, Paetzold UW, Howard IA. Enhancement of Amplified Spontaneous Emission by Electric Field in CsPbBr 3 Perovskites. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:1637-1644. [PMID: 36852434 PMCID: PMC9999453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite gain materials can sustain continuous-wave lasing at room-temperature. A first step toward the unachieved goal of electrically excited lasing would be an improvement in gain when electrical stimulation is added to the optical. However, to date, electrical stimulation supplementing optical has reduced gain performance. We find that amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) in a CsPbBr3 perovskite light-emitting diode (LED) held under invariant subthreshold optical excitation can be turned on/off by the addition/removal of an electric field. A positive bias voltage leads to a factor of 3 reduction in the optical ASE threshold, the cause of which can be attributed to an enhancement of the radiative rate. The slow components (10 s time scale) of the modulation in the photoluminescence and ASE when the voltage is changed suggest that the relocation of mobile ions trigger the increased radiative rate and observed lowering of ASE thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Institute
of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Light
Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology, Engesserstrasse
13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hang Hu
- Institute
of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Light
Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology, Engesserstrasse
13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ahmed Farag
- Institute
of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Light
Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology, Engesserstrasse
13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thomas Feeney
- Institute
of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Light
Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology, Engesserstrasse
13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Isabel Allegro
- Light
Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology, Engesserstrasse
13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Uli Lemmer
- Institute
of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Light
Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology, Engesserstrasse
13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ulrich W. Paetzold
- Institute
of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Light
Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology, Engesserstrasse
13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ian A. Howard
- Institute
of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Light
Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology, Engesserstrasse
13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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9
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Sun Y, Ge L, Dai L, Cho C, Ferrer Orri J, Ji K, Zelewski SJ, Liu Y, Mirabelli AJ, Zhang Y, Huang JY, Wang Y, Gong K, Lai MC, Zhang L, Yang D, Lin J, Tennyson EM, Ducati C, Stranks SD, Cui LS, Greenham NC. Bright and stable perovskite light-emitting diodes in the near-infrared range. Nature 2023; 615:830-835. [PMID: 36922588 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05792-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have attracted broad attention due to their rapidly increasing external quantum efficiencies (EQEs)1-15. However, most high EQEs of perovskite LEDs are reported at low current densities (<1 mA cm-2) and low brightness. Decrease in efficiency and rapid degradation at high brightness inhibit their practical applications. Here, we demonstrate perovskite LEDs with exceptional performance at high brightness, achieved by the introduction of a multifunctional molecule that simultaneously removes non-radiative regions in the perovskite films and suppresses luminescence quenching of perovskites at the interface with charge-transport layers. The resulting LEDs emit near-infrared light at 800 nm, show a peak EQE of 23.8% at 33 mA cm-2 and retain EQEs more than 10% at high current densities of up to 1,000 mA cm-2. In pulsed operation, they retain EQE of 16% at an ultrahigh current density of 4,000 mA cm-2, along with a high radiance of more than 3,200 W s-1 m-2. Notably, an operational half-lifetime of 32 h at an initial radiance of 107 W s-1 m-2 has been achieved, representing the best stability for perovskite LEDs having EQEs exceeding 20% at high brightness levels. The demonstration of efficient and stable perovskite LEDs at high brightness is an important step towards commercialization and opens up new opportunities beyond conventional LED technologies, such as perovskite electrically pumped lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Sun
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lishuang Ge
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, China
| | - Linjie Dai
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Changsoon Cho
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jordi Ferrer Orri
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kangyu Ji
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Szymon J Zelewski
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Semiconductor Materials Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Yun Liu
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alessandro J Mirabelli
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Youcheng Zhang
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jun-Yu Huang
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yusong Wang
- Hefei National Research Centre for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ke Gong
- Hefei National Research Centre for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - May Ching Lai
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lu Zhang
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, China
| | - Jiudong Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, China
| | | | - Caterina Ducati
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lin-Song Cui
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, China.
| | - Neil C Greenham
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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10
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Antrack T, Kroll M, Sudzius M, Cho C, Imbrasas P, Albaladejo‐Siguan M, Benduhn J, Merten L, Hinderhofer A, Schreiber F, Reineke S, Vaynzof Y, Leo K. Optical Properties of Perovskite-Organic Multiple Quantum Wells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200379. [PMID: 35780500 PMCID: PMC9403629 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive study of the optical properties of CsPbBr3 perovskite multiple quantum wells (MQW) with organic barrier layers is presented. Quantum confinement is observed by a blue-shift in absorption and emission spectra with decreasing well width and agrees well with simulations of the confinement energies. A large increase of emission intensity with thinner layers is observed, with a photoluminescence quantum yield up to 32 times higher than that of bulk layers. Amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) measurements show very low thresholds down to 7.3 µJ cm-2 for a perovskite thickness of 8.7 nm, significantly lower than previously observed for CsPbBr3 thin-films. With their increased photoluminescence efficiency and low ASE thresholds, MQW structures with CsPbBr3 are excellent candidates for high-efficiency perovskite-based LEDs and lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Antrack
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied PhysicsTechnische Universität DresdenNöthnitzer Str. 6101187DresdenGermany
| | - Martin Kroll
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied PhysicsTechnische Universität DresdenNöthnitzer Str. 6101187DresdenGermany
| | - Markas Sudzius
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied PhysicsTechnische Universität DresdenNöthnitzer Str. 6101187DresdenGermany
| | - Changsoon Cho
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied PhysicsTechnische Universität DresdenNöthnitzer Str. 6101187DresdenGermany
| | - Paulius Imbrasas
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied PhysicsTechnische Universität DresdenNöthnitzer Str. 6101187DresdenGermany
| | - Miguel Albaladejo‐Siguan
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied PhysicsTechnische Universität DresdenNöthnitzer Str. 6101187DresdenGermany
| | - Johannes Benduhn
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied PhysicsTechnische Universität DresdenNöthnitzer Str. 6101187DresdenGermany
| | - Lena Merten
- Institut für Angewandte PhysikUniversität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1072076TübingenGermany
| | - Alexander Hinderhofer
- Institut für Angewandte PhysikUniversität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1072076TübingenGermany
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institut für Angewandte PhysikUniversität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1072076TübingenGermany
| | - Sebastian Reineke
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied PhysicsTechnische Universität DresdenNöthnitzer Str. 6101187DresdenGermany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied PhysicsTechnische Universität DresdenNöthnitzer Str. 6101187DresdenGermany
| | - Karl Leo
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied PhysicsTechnische Universität DresdenNöthnitzer Str. 6101187DresdenGermany
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11
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Li GH, Zhou BL, Hou Z, Wei YF, Wen R, Ji T, Wei Y, Hao YY, Cui YX. Transfer Printing of Perovskite Whispering Gallery Mode Laser Cavities by Thermal Release Tape. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2022; 17:8. [PMID: 34989892 PMCID: PMC8738810 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-021-03646-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The outstanding optoelectrical properties and high-quality factor of whispering gallery mode perovskite nanocavities make it attractive for applications in small lasers. However, efforts to make lasers with better performance have been hampered by the lack of efficient methods for the synthesis and transfer of perovskite nanocavities on desired substrate at quality required for applications. Here, we report transfer printing of perovskite nanocavities grown by chemical vapor deposition from mica substrate onto SiO2 substrate. Transferred perovskite nanocavity has an RMS roughness of ~ 1.2 nm and no thermal degradation in thermal release process. We further use femtosecond laser to excite a transferred perovskite nanocavity and measures its quality factor as high as 2580 and a lasing threshold of 27.89 μJ/cm2 which is almost unchanged as compared with pristine perovskite nanocavities. This method represents a significant step toward the realization of perovskite nanolasers with smaller sizes and better heat management as well as application in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hui Li
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China.
| | - Bo-Lin Zhou
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Zhen Hou
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Yan-Fu Wei
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Rong Wen
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Ting Ji
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Yi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion, and Electron Beams (Ministry of Education), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yu-Ying Hao
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Yan-Xia Cui
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China.
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12
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Cho C, Jang YW, Lee S, Vaynzof Y, Choi M, Noh JH, Leo K. Effects of photon recycling and scattering in high-performance perovskite solar cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj1363. [PMID: 34936442 PMCID: PMC8694589 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj1363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Efficient external radiation is essential for solar cells to achieve high power conversion efficiency (PCE). The classical limit of 1/2n2 (n, refractive index) for electroluminescence quantum efficiency (ELQE) has recently been approached by perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Photon recycling (PR) and light scattering can provide an opportunity to surpass this limit. We investigate the role of PR and scattering in practical device operation using a radiative PSC with an ELQE (13.7% at 1 sun) that significantly surpasses the classical limit (7.4%). We experimentally analyze the contributions of PR and scattering to this strong radiation. A novel optical model reveals an increase of 39 mV in the voltage of our PSC. This analysis can provide design principles for future PSCs to approach the Shockley-Queisser efficiency limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsoon Cho
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Corresponding author. (C.C.); (J.H.N.); (K.L.)
| | - Yeoun-Woo Jang
- Global Frontier Center for Multiscale Energy Systems, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Lee
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mansoo Choi
- Global Frontier Center for Multiscale Energy Systems, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hong Noh
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST Green School), Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. (C.C.); (J.H.N.); (K.L.)
| | - Karl Leo
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Corresponding author. (C.C.); (J.H.N.); (K.L.)
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13
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Zhao L, Roh K, Kacmoli S, Al Kurdi K, Liu X, Barlow S, Marder SR, Gmachl C, Rand BP. Nanosecond-Pulsed Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes at High Current Density. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2104867. [PMID: 34477263 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
While metal-halide perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) hold the potential for a new generation of display and lighting technology, their slow operation speed and response time limit their application scope. Here, high-speed PeLEDs driven by nanosecond electrical pulses with a rise time of 1.2 ns are reported with a maximum radiance of approximately 480 kW sr-1 m-2 at 8.3 kA cm-2 , and an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 1% at approximately 10 kA cm-2 , through improved device configuration designs and material considerations. Enabled by the fast operation of PeLEDs, the temporal response provides access to transient charge carrier dynamics under electrical excitation, revealing several new electroluminescence quenching pathways. Finally, integrated distributed feedback (DFB) gratings are explored, which facilitate more directional light emission with a maximum radiance of approximately 1200 kW sr-1 m-2 at 8.5 kA cm-2 , a more than two-fold enhancement to forward radiation output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianfeng Zhao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Kwangdong Roh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Sara Kacmoli
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Khaled Al Kurdi
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Organic Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Stephen Barlow
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Organic Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - Seth R Marder
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Organic Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - Claire Gmachl
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Barry P Rand
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
- Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
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