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Wang P, Liang Z, Li Z, Li W, Ma Q. Novel biomimetic hybrid plasmonic nanocavity-based ECL strategy for the detection of extracellular vesicles. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 264:116639. [PMID: 39121617 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles detection has emerged as an important clinical liquid biopsy approach for cancer diagnosis. In this work, we developed a novel hybrid plasmonic nanocavity consisting of hexagonal Au nanoplates nanoarray, SnS2/Au nanosheet layer and biomimetic lipid bilayer. Firstly, the hybrid plasmonic nanocavity combined the optical confinement for the ECL regulation and the biological recognition for the detection of extracellular vesicles. Secondly, MXene-derived Ti2N QDs have been prepared as ECL nanoprobe to label extracellular vesicles. Moreover, biomimetic lipid bilayer with specific aptamer was used to identify extracellular vesicles and integrate Ti2N QDs into the nanocavity with membrane fusion strategy. Due to the significant electromagnetic field enhancement at the cavity region, the hybrid plasmonic nanocavity provided strong field confinement to concentrate and redistribute the ECL emission of QDs with a 9.3-fold enhancement. The hybrid plasmonic nanocavity-based ECL sensing system improved the spatial controllability of EVs analysis and the accurate resolution of specific protein. It achieved the sensitive detection of extracellular vesicles in ascites and successfully distinguished the peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilin Wang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Zihui Liang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Zhenrun Li
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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2
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Pham CV, Chowdhury R, Patel S, Jaysawal SK, Hou Y, Xu H, Jia L, Zhang Y, Wang X, Duan W, Xiang D. An aptamer-guided fluorescence polarisation platform for extracellular vesicle liquid biopsy. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12502. [PMID: 39221546 PMCID: PMC11367152 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The translation of discoveries on extracellular vesicle (EV) based cancer biomarkers to personalised precision oncology requires the development of robust, sensitive and specific assays that are amenable to adoption in the clinical laboratory. Whilst a variety of elegant approaches for EV liquid biopsy have been developed, most of them remain as research prototypes due to the requirement of a high level of microfabrication and/or sophisticated instruments. Hence, this study is set to develop a simple DNA aptamer-enabled and fluorescence polarisation-based homogenous assay that eliminates the need to separate unbound detection ligands from the bound species for EV detection. High specificity is achieved by immobilising EVs with one set of antibodies and subsequently detecting them with a DNA aptamer targeting a distinct EV biomarker. This two-pronged strategy ensures the removal of most, if not all, non-EV substances in the input biofluids, including soluble proteins, protein aggregates or non-vesicular particles, prior to quantifying biomarker-positive EVs. A limit of detection of 5.0 × 106 EVs/mL was achieved with a linear quantification range of 5.0 × 108 to 2.0 × 1010 EVs/mL. Facilitated by a multiple parametric analysis strategy, this aptamer-guided fluorescence polarisation assay was capable of distinguishing EVs from three different types of solid cancer cells based on quantitative differences in the levels of the same sets of biomarkers on EVs. Given the simplicity of the method and its ease of implementation in automated clinical biochemistry analysers, this assay could be exploited for future EV-based continuous and real-time monitoring of the emergence of new macro- or micro-metastasis, cancer progression as well as the response to treatment throughout different stages of cancer management in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuong Viet Pham
- School of MedicineDeakin UniversityWaurn PondsVICAustralia
- Molecular Imaging and Theranostics LaboratoryBaker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVICAustralia
| | | | - Shweta Patel
- School of MedicineDeakin UniversityWaurn PondsVICAustralia
| | | | - Yingchu Hou
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular and Cellular Biology College of Life SciencesShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Huo Xu
- College of Materials and Chemical EngineeringMinjiang UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Lee Jia
- College of Materials and Chemical EngineeringMinjiang UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Yu‐mei Zhang
- School of MedicineDeakin UniversityWaurn PondsVICAustralia
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Molecular Imaging and Theranostics LaboratoryBaker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVICAustralia
- Department of Cardiometabolic HealthUniversity of MelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Wei Duan
- School of MedicineDeakin UniversityWaurn PondsVICAustralia
| | - Dongxi Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer InstituteShanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgerythe Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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3
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Min L, Bu F, Meng J, Liu X, Guo Q, Zhao L, Li Z, Li X, Zhu S, Zhang S. Circulating small extracellular vesicle RNA profiling for the detection of T1a stage colorectal cancer and precancerous advanced adenoma. eLife 2024; 12:RP88675. [PMID: 39121006 PMCID: PMC11315448 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
It takes more than 20 years for normal colorectal mucosa to develop into metastatic carcinoma. The long time window provides a golden opportunity for early detection to terminate the malignant progression. Here, we aim to enable liquid biopsy of T1a stage colorectal cancer (CRC) and precancerous advanced adenoma (AA) by profiling circulating small extracellular vesicle (sEV)-derived RNAs. We exhibited a full RNA landscape for the circulating sEVs isolated from 60 participants. A total of 58,333 annotated RNAs were detected from plasma sEVs, among which 1,615 and 888 sEV-RNAs were found differentially expressed in plasma from T1a stage CRC and AA compared to normal controls (NC). Then we further categorized these sEV-RNAs into six modules by a weighted gene coexpression network analysis and constructed a 60-gene t-SNE model consisting of the top 10 RNAs of each module that could well distinguish T1a stage CRC/AA from NC samples. Some sEV-RNAs were also identified as indicators of specific endoscopic and morphological features of different colorectal lesions. The top-ranked biomarkers were further verified by RT-qPCR, proving that these candidate sEV-RNAs successfully identified T1a stage CRC/AA from NC in another cohort of 124 participants. Finally, we adopted different algorithms to improve the performance of RT-qPCR-based models and successfully constructed an optimized classifier with 79.3% specificity and 99.0% sensitivity. In conclusion, circulating sEVs of T1a stage CRC and AA patients have distinct RNA profiles, which successfully enable the detection of both T1a stage CRC and AA via liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Min
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive DiseaseBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Fanqin Bu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive DiseaseBeijingChina
| | - Jingxin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | | | - Qingdong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive DiseaseBeijingChina
| | | | - Zhi Li
- Echo Biotech Co., LtdBeijingChina
| | - Xiangji Li
- Department of Retroperitoneal Tumor Surgery, International Hospital, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shengtao Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive DiseaseBeijingChina
| | - Shutian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive DiseaseBeijingChina
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4
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Gori A, Frigerio R, Gagni P, Burrello J, Panella S, Raimondi A, Bergamaschi G, Lodigiani G, Romano M, Zendrini A, Radeghieri A, Barile L, Cretich M. Addressing Heterogeneity in Direct Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles and Their Analogs by Membrane Sensing Peptides as Pan-Vesicular Affinity Probes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400533. [PMID: 38822532 PMCID: PMC11304302 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), crucial mediators of cell-to-cell communication, hold significant diagnostic potential due to their ability to concentrate protein biomarkers in bodily fluids. However, challenges in isolating EVs from biological specimens hinder their widespread use. The preferred strategy involves direct analysis, integrating isolation and analysis solutions, with immunoaffinity methods currently dominating. Yet, the heterogeneous nature of EVs poses challenges, as proposed markers may not be as universally present as thought, raising concerns about biomarker screening reliability. This issue extends to EV-mimics, where conventional methods may lack applicability. Addressing these challenges, the study reports on Membrane Sensing Peptides (MSP) as pan-vesicular affinity ligands for both EVs and their non-canonical analogs, streamlining capture and phenotyping through Single Molecule Array (SiMoA). MSP ligands enable direct analysis of circulating EVs, eliminating the need for prior isolation. Demonstrating clinical translation, MSP technology detects an EV-associated epitope signature in serum and plasma, distinguishing myocardial infarction from stable angina. Additionally, MSP allow analysis of tetraspanin-lacking Red Blood Cell-derived EVs, overcoming limitations associated with antibody-based methods. Overall, the work underlines the value of MSP as complementary tools to antibodies, advancing EV analysis for clinical diagnostics and beyond, and marking the first-ever peptide-based application in SiMoA technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Gori
- Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheIstituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)Milano20131Italy
| | - Roberto Frigerio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheIstituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)Milano20131Italy
| | - Paola Gagni
- Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheIstituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)Milano20131Italy
| | - Jacopo Burrello
- Cardiovascular TheranosticsIstituto Cardiocentro TicinoEnte Ospedaliero CantonaleVia Tesserete 48BellinzonaCH‐6500Switzerland
| | - Stefano Panella
- Cardiovascular TheranosticsIstituto Cardiocentro TicinoEnte Ospedaliero CantonaleVia Tesserete 48BellinzonaCH‐6500Switzerland
| | - Andrea Raimondi
- Institute for Research in BiomedicineFaculty of Biomedical SciencesUniversità della Svizzera italiana (USI)BellinzonaCH‐6500Switzerland
| | - Greta Bergamaschi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheIstituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)Milano20131Italy
| | - Giulia Lodigiani
- Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheIstituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)Milano20131Italy
| | - Miriam Romano
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaViale Europa 11Brescia25123Italy
- Center for Colloid and Surface ScienceCSGIFlorence50019Italy
| | - Andrea Zendrini
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaViale Europa 11Brescia25123Italy
- Center for Colloid and Surface ScienceCSGIFlorence50019Italy
| | - Annalisa Radeghieri
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaViale Europa 11Brescia25123Italy
- Center for Colloid and Surface ScienceCSGIFlorence50019Italy
| | - Lucio Barile
- Cardiovascular TheranosticsIstituto Cardiocentro TicinoEnte Ospedaliero CantonaleVia Tesserete 48BellinzonaCH‐6500Switzerland
- Euler InstituteFaculty of Biomedical SciencesUniversità della Svizzera ItalianaLugano6900Switzerland
| | - Marina Cretich
- Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheIstituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)Milano20131Italy
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5
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Yang X, Liu L, Feng Y, Guo X, Wu Y, Gao Q, Zhang C, Qi H. Automatic Electrochemiluminescence Method for the Detection of Cancerous Exosomes Incorporating Specific Aptamer-Magnetic Beads and Signal Nanoprobes. Anal Chem 2024; 96:10459-10466. [PMID: 38866706 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes, as an emerging biomarker, have exhibited remarkable promise in early cancer diagnosis. Here, a highly sensitive, selective, and automatic electrochemiluminescence (ECL) method for the detection of cancerous exosomes was developed. Specific aptamer-(EK)4 peptide-tagged magnetic beads (MBs-(EK)4-aptamer) were designed as a magnetic capture probe in which the (EK)4 peptide was used to reduce the steric binding hindrance of cancerous exosomes with a specific aptamer. One new universal ECL signal nanoprobe (CD9 Ab-PEG@SiO2ϵRu(bpy)32+) was designed and synthesized by using microporous SiO2 nanoparticles as the carrier for loading ECL reagent Ru(bpy)32+, polyethylene glycol (PEG) layer, and anticluster of differentiation 9 antibody (CD9 Ab). A "sandwich" biocomplex was formed on the surface of the magnetic capture probe after mixing the capture probe, target exosomes, and ECL signal nanoprobe, and then it was introduced into an automated ECL analyzer for rapid and automatic ECL measurement. It was found that the designed signal nanoprobe shows a 270-fold improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio than that of the ruthenium complex-labeled CD9 antibody signal probe. The relative ECL intensity was proportional to MCF-7 exosomes as a model in the range of 102 to 104 particle/μL, with a detection limit of 11 particle/μL. Furthermore, the ECL method was employed to discriminate cancerous exosomes based on fingerprint responses using the designed multiple magnetic capture probes and the universal ECL signal nanoprobe. This work demonstrates that the utilization of a designed automated ECL tactic using the MBs-(EK)4-aptamer capture probe and the CD9 Ab-PEG@SiO2ϵRu(bpy)32+ signal nanoprobe will provide a unique and robust method for the detection and discrimination of cancerous exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Lining Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Yanlong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Guo
- Changzhi People's Hospital, Changzhi 046000, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Chengxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Honglan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
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6
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Wang Y, Ding S. Extracellular vesicles in cancer cachexia: deciphering pathogenic roles and exploring therapeutic horizons. J Transl Med 2024; 22:506. [PMID: 38802952 PMCID: PMC11129506 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05266-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia (CC) is a debilitating syndrome that affects 50-80% of cancer patients, varying in incidence by cancer type and significantly diminishing their quality of life. This multifactorial syndrome is characterized by muscle and fat loss, systemic inflammation, and metabolic imbalance. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, play a crucial role in the progression of CC. These vesicles, produced by cancer cells and others within the tumor environment, facilitate intercellular communication by transferring proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. A comprehensive review of the literature from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science reveals insights into the formation, release, and uptake of EVs in CC, underscoring their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The review also explores therapeutic strategies targeting EVs, which include modifying their release and content, utilizing them for drug delivery, genetically altering their contents, and inhibiting key cachexia pathways. Understanding the role of EVs in CC opens new avenues for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, potentially mitigating the syndrome's impact on patient survival and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, Nantong, 226001, P.R. China
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, P.R. China
| | - Shengguang Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, Nantong, 226001, P.R. China.
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7
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Deng J, Liu C, Sun J. DNA-Based Nanomaterials for Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2303092. [PMID: 38016069 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived nanovesicles comprising a myriad of molecular cargo such as proteins and nucleic acids, playing essential roles in intercellular communication and physiological and pathological processes. EVs have received substantial attention as noninvasive biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. Owing to their ability to recognize protein and nucleic acid targets, DNA-based nanomaterials with excellent programmability and modifiability provide a promising tool for the sensitive and accurate detection of molecular cargo carried by EVs. In this perspective, recent advancements in EV analysis using a variety of DNA-based nanomaterials are summarized, which can be broadly classified into three categories: linear DNA probes, DNA nanostructures, and hybrid DNA nanomaterials. The design, construction, advantages, and disadvantages of different types of DNA nanomaterials, as well as their performance for detecting EVs are reviewed. The challenges and opportunities in the field of EV analysis by DNA nanomaterials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqi Deng
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiashu Sun
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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8
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You Q, Liang F, Wu G, Cao F, Liu J, He Z, Wang C, Zhu L, Chen X, Yang Y. The Landscape of Biomimetic Nanovesicles in Brain Diseases. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2306583. [PMID: 37713652 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Brain diseases, such as brain tumors, neurodegenerative diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and brain injuries, are caused by various pathophysiological changes, which pose a serious health threat. Brain disorders are often difficult to treat due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Biomimetic nanovesicles (BNVs), including endogenous extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from various cells and artificial nanovesicles, possess the ability to penetrate the BBB and thus can be utilized for drug delivery to the brain. BNVs, especially endogenous EVs, are widely distributed in body fluids and usually carry various disease-related signal molecules such as proteins, RNA, and DNA, and may also be analyzed to understand the etiology and pathogenesis of brain diseases. This review covers the exhaustive classification and characterization of BNVs and pathophysiological roles involved in various brain diseases, and emphatically focuses on nanotechnology-integrated BNVs for brain disease theranostics, including various diagnosis strategies and precise therapeutic regulations (e.g., immunity regulation, disordered protein clearance, anti-neuroinflammation, neuroregeneration, angiogenesis, and the gut-brain axis regulation). The remaining challenges and future perspectives regarding the nanotechnology-integrated BNVs for the diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases are also discussed and outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing You
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Fuming Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Friendship Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Gege Wu
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Fangfang Cao
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Jingyi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhaohui He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Friendship Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Yanlian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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9
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Zhou Q, Wang J, Zhang Z, Wuethrich A, Lobb RJ, Trau M. Tracking the EMT-like phenotype switching during targeted therapy in melanoma by analyzing extracellular vesicle phenotypes. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 244:115819. [PMID: 37952322 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma continues to be a leading cause of mortality among skin cancers. Despite advancements in targeted therapy, patients frequently develop resistance, leading to disease progression within a year. This resistance may result from the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like phenotype switching of melanoma cells. Tracking EMT-related phenotypic changes on extracellular vesicles (EVs) has potential to inform early about response to targeted therapy and melanoma progression. However, the knowledge on protein biomarkers carried by melanoma EVs involved in the EMT-like process remains unexplored. Herein, we present a biosensor integrating surface-enhanced Raman scattering and alternating current electrohydrodynamics-induced nanomixing enhancement, for sensitive detection of EMT-associated biomarkers on EV surfaces during targeted therapy. This biosensor successfully tracks the EMT-like phenotype switching in melanoma cell lines treated with mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor (MAPKi). Longitudinal monitoring of patients who receive MAPKi therapy and develop resistance, our biosensor shows its ability to identify the EMT-like phenotype switching on circulating EVs. This ability potentially can be leveraged to predict the development of resistance to targeted therapy, allowing for timely intervention and personalized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhou
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jing Wang
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia; Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China.
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Alain Wuethrich
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Richard J Lobb
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Matt Trau
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia; School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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10
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Yang X, Zhang Z, Wu Y, Wang H, Yun Y, Sun Y, Xie H, Bogdanov B, Senyushkin P, Chi J, Lian Z, Wu D, Su M, Song Y. Printed Divisional Optical Biochip for Multiplex Visualizable Exosome Analysis at Point-of-Care. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2304935. [PMID: 37589665 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Rapid detection of various exosomes is of great significance in early diagnosis and postoperative monitoring of cancers. Here, a divisional optical biochip is reported for multiplex exosome analysis via combining the self-assembly of nanochains and precise surface patterning. Arising from resonance-induced near-field enhancement, the nanochains show distinct color changes after capturing target exosomes for direct visual detection. Then, a series of divisional nanochain-based biochips conjugated with several specific antibodies are fabricated through designed hydrophilic and hydrophobic patterns. Because of the significant wettability difference, one sample droplet is precisely self-splitting into several microdroplets enabling simultaneous identification of multiple target exosomes in 30 min with a sensitivity of 6 × 107 particles mL-1 , which is about two orders lower than enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Apart from the trace amount detection, excellent semiquantitative capability is demonstrated to distinguish clinical exosomes from glioblastoma patients and healthy people. This method is simple, versatile, and highly efficient that can be extended as a diagnostic tool for many diseases, promoting the development of liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zeying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuanbin Wu
- Department of Emergency, the Seventh Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, P. R. China
| | - Huadong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yun
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yali Sun
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Hongfei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bogdan Bogdanov
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Pavel Senyushkin
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Jimei Chi
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zewei Lian
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Meng Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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11
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Chang K, Fang Y, He P, Zhu C, Liu X, Zheng D, Chen D, Liu C. Employing the Anchor DSPE-PEG as a Redox Probe for Ratiometric Electrochemical Detection of Surface Proteins on Extracellular Vesicles with Aptamers. Anal Chem 2023; 95:16194-16200. [PMID: 37889159 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative analysis of surface proteins on extracellular vesicles (EVs) has been considered to be a crucial approach for reflecting the status of diseases. Due to the diverse composition of surface proteins on EVs and the interference from nonvesicular proteins, accurately detecting the expression of surface proteins on EVs remains a challenging task. While membrane affinity molecules have been widely employed as EVs capture probes to address this issue, their inherent biochemical properties have not been effectively harnessed. In this paper, we found that the electrochemical redox activity of the DSPE-PEG molecule was diminished upon its insertion into the membrane of EVs. This observation establishes the DSPE-PEG molecule modified on the Au electrode surface as a capture and a redox probe for the electrochemical detection of EVs. By utilizing methylene blue-labeled aptamers, the targeted surface proteins of EVs can be detected by recording the ratio of the oxidation peak current of methylene blue and DSPE-PEG. Without complicated signal amplification, the detection limit for EVs is calculated to be 8.11 × 102 particles/mL. Using this platform, we directly analyzed the expression of CD63 and HER2 proteins on the surface of EVs in human clinical plasma samples, demonstrating its significant potential in distinguishing breast cancer patients from healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Chang
- The Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Information Analysis and Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yi Fang
- The Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Information Analysis and Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ping He
- The Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Information Analysis and Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chunnan Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Information Analysis and Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Information Analysis and Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Dongyun Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Information Analysis and Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Dongjuan Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chao Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Information Analysis and Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
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12
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Hinestrosa JP, Sears RC, Dhani H, Lewis JM, Schroeder G, Balcer HI, Keith D, Sheppard BC, Kurzrock R, Billings PR. Development of a blood-based extracellular vesicle classifier for detection of early-stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2023; 3:146. [PMID: 37857666 PMCID: PMC10587093 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-023-00351-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has an overall 5-year survival rate of just 12.5% and thus is among the leading causes of cancer deaths. When detected at early stages, PDAC survival rates improve substantially. Testing high-risk patients can increase early-stage cancer detection; however, currently available liquid biopsy approaches lack high sensitivity and may not be easily accessible. METHODS Extracellular vesicles (EVs) were isolated from blood plasma that was collected from a training set of 650 patients (105 PDAC stages I and II, 545 controls). EV proteins were analyzed using a machine learning approach to determine which were the most informative to develop a classifier for early-stage PDAC. The classifier was tested on a validation cohort of 113 patients (30 PDAC stages I and II, 83 controls). RESULTS The training set demonstrates an AUC of 0.971 (95% CI = 0.953-0.986) with 93.3% sensitivity (95% CI: 86.9-96.7) at 91.0% specificity (95% CI: 88.3-93.1). The trained classifier is validated using an independent cohort (30 stage I and II cases, 83 controls) and achieves a sensitivity of 90.0% and a specificity of 92.8%. CONCLUSIONS Liquid biopsy using EVs may provide unique or complementary information that improves early PDAC and other cancer detection. EV protein determinations herein demonstrate that the AC Electrokinetics (ACE) method of EV enrichment provides early-stage detection of cancer distinct from normal or pancreatitis controls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosalie C Sears
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Cancer, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Dove Keith
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Cancer, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Brett C Sheppard
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Cancer, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Razelle Kurzrock
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Worldwide Innovative Network for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Chevilly-Larue, France
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13
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Niu R, Chen X, Sun Z, Wang L, Wang Z, Zhang C, Ding D, Yang J, Wang Y, Luo Y. A smart TESTER for reliable discrimination of cancer-derived small extracellular vesicles. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1276:341636. [PMID: 37573115 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-derived small extracellular vesicles (csEVs) are crucial liquid biopsy indicators that reflect the presence and progression of many malignancies. However, reliable discrimination of csEVs remains a great challenge owing to the interference from normal sEVs (nsEVs) and low abundance in the early stages of cancer. In this work, we developed a Two-Elements Selectively Triggered csEVs Recognization (TESTER) strategy for selective identification of csEVs from the complex clinical body fluid samples. This method was based on the MNAzyme-controlled synchronous recognition to EpCAM and CD63 proteins on the membrane of csEVs. Efficient recognition to csEVs via EpCAM aptamer and CD63 aptamer prompted the release of Partzyme A and Partzyme B probes to induce a MNAzyme structure formation, resulting in the cyclic cleavage of substrate chain to produce cascade fluorescence signal amplification. The detection threshold of the developed TESTER approach for csEVs in complicated biological samples was 72 particles μL-1, accomplishing the highly sensitive and selective quantification of csEVs. At the same time, we successfully constructed a new platform for bimolecular simultaneous recognition, which provides a good idea for the construction of bimolecular-activated detection switch in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyan Niu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China; Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China; Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Zixin Sun
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Liu Wang
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Zining Wang
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China; Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Dan Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China
| | - Jichun Yang
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China.
| | - Yongzhong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China.
| | - Yang Luo
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China; Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China; College of Life Science and Laboratory Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650050, PR China.
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14
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Cao M, Diao N, Cai X, Chen X, Xiao Y, Guo C, Chen D, Zhang X. Plant exosome nanovesicles (PENs): green delivery platforms. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:3879-3894. [PMID: 37671650 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01030a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural plants have been attracting increasing attention in biomedical research due to their numerous benefits. Plant exosome-derived vesicles, some of the plant's components, are small nanoscale vesicles secreted by plant cells. These vesicles are rich in bioactive substances and play significant roles in intercellular communication, information transfer, and maintaining homeostasis in organisms. They also hold promise for treating diseases, and their vesicular structures make them suitable carriers for drug delivery, with large-scale production feasible. Therefore, this paper aims to provide an overview of nanovesicles from different plant sources and their extraction methods. We also outline the biological activities of nanovesicles, including their anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and anti-tumor properties, and systematically introduce their applications in drug delivery. These applications include transdermal delivery, targeted drug delivery, gene delivery, and their potential use in the modern food industry. This review provides new ideas and methods for future research on plant exosomes, including their empowerment by artificial intelligence and gene editing, as well as their potential application in the biomedicine, food, and agriculture industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P. R. China.
| | - Ningning Diao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaolu Cai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xing Chen
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Yi Xiao
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Chunjing Guo
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, 5# Yushan 10 Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China.
| | - Daquan Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P. R. China.
| | - Xingcai Zhang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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15
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Du S, Guan Y, Xie A, Yan Z, Gao S, Li W, Rao L, Chen X, Chen T. Extracellular vesicles: a rising star for therapeutics and drug delivery. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:231. [PMID: 37475025 PMCID: PMC10360328 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01973-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, natural, cell-derived vesicles that contain the same nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids as their source cells. Thus, they can serve as natural carriers for therapeutic agents and drugs, and have many advantages over conventional nanocarriers, including their low immunogenicity, good biocompatibility, natural blood-brain barrier penetration, and capacity for gene delivery. This review first introduces the classification of EVs and then discusses several currently popular methods for isolating and purifying EVs, EVs-mediated drug delivery, and the functionalization of EVs as carriers. Thereby, it provides new avenues for the development of EVs-based therapeutic strategies in different fields of medicine. Finally, it highlights some challenges and future perspectives with regard to the clinical application of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Du
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Yucheng Guan
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Aihua Xie
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Zhao Yan
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Sijia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Room 6007, N22, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China
| | - Weirong Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Lang Rao
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China.
| | - Xiaojia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Room 6007, N22, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China.
| | - Tongkai Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
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16
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Tang J, Jia X, Li Q, Cui Z, Liang A, Ke B, Yang D, Yao C. A DNA-based hydrogel for exosome separation and biomedical applications. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2303822120. [PMID: 37399419 PMCID: PMC10334772 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2303822120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes (EXOs) have been proven as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and agents for therapeutics. Great challenge remains in the separation of EXOs with high-purity and low-damage from complex biological media, which is critical for the downstream applications. Herein, we report a DNA-based hydrogel to realize the specific and nondestructive separation of EXOs from complex biological media. The separated EXOs were directly utilized in the detection of human breast cancer in clinical samples, as well as applied in the therapeutics of myocardial infarction in rat models. The materials chemistry basis of this strategy involved the synthesis of ultralong DNA chains via an enzymatic amplification, and the formation of DNA hydrogels through complementary base-pairing. These ultralong DNA chains that contained polyvalent aptamers were able to recognize and bind with the receptors on EXOs, and the specific and efficient binding ensured the selective separation of EXOs from media into the further formed networked DNA hydrogel. Based on this DNA hydrogel, rationally designed optical modules were introduced for the detection of exosomal pathogenic microRNA, which achieved the classification of breast cancer patients versus healthy donors with 100% precision. Furthermore, the DNA hydrogel that contained mesenchymal stem cell-derived EXOs was proved with significant therapeutic efficacy in repairing infarcted myocardium of rat models. We envision that this DNA hydrogel-based bioseparation system is promising as a powerful biotechnology, which will promote the development of extracellular vesicles in nanobiomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianpu Tang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin300350, P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Jia
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin300350, P. R. China
| | - Qian Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin300350, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Cui
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin300350, P. R. China
| | - Aiqi Liang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin300350, P. R. China
| | - Bin Ke
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin300060, P. R. China
| | - Dayong Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin300350, P. R. China
| | - Chi Yao
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin300350, P. R. China
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17
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Hu X, Cheng S, Luo X, Xian Y, Zhang C. Polymerase-Driven Logic Signal Amplification for the Detection of Small Extracellular Vesicle Surface Proteins and the Identification of Breast Cancer. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37366594 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from tumors contain a vast amount of cellular information and are regarded as a potential diagnostic biomarker for noninvasive cancer diagnosis. Nevertheless, it remains challenging to accurately measure sEVs from clinical samples due to the low abundance of these vesicles as well as their phenotypic heterogeneity. Herein, a polymerase-driven logic signal amplification system (PLSAS) was developed for the high-sensitivity detection of sEV surface proteins and breast cancer (BC) identification. Aptamers were introduced to serve as sensing modules to specifically recognize target proteins. By changing the input DNA sequences, two polymerase-driven primer exchange reaction systems were rationally designed for DNA logic computing. This allows for autonomous targeting of a limited number of targets using "OR" and "AND" logic, leading to a significant increase in fluorescence signals and enabling the specific and ultrasensitive detection of sEV surface proteins. In this work, we investigated surface proteins of mucin 1 (MUC1) and the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) as model proteins. When MUC1 or EpCAM proteins were used as single signal input in the "OR" DNA logic system, the detection limit of sEVs was 24 or 58 particles/μL, respectively. And MUC1 and EpCAM proteins of sEVs can be simultaneously detected in the AND logic method, which can significantly reduce the effect of phenotypic heterogeneity of sEVs to distinguish the source of sEVs derived from various mammary cell lines, such as MCF-7, MDA MB 231, SKBR3, and MCF-10A. The approach has achieved high discrimination in serologically tested positive BC samples (AUC 98.1%) and holds significant potential in advancing the early diagnosis and prognostic assessments of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Hu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shasha Cheng
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xianzhu Luo
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yuezhong Xian
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Cuiling Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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18
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Diehl JN, Ray A, Collins LB, Peterson A, Alexander KC, Boutros JG, Ikonomidis JS, Akerman AW. A standardized method for plasma extracellular vesicle isolation and size distribution analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284875. [PMID: 37115777 PMCID: PMC10146456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The following protocol describes our workflow for isolation and quantification of plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs). It requires limited sample volume so that the scientific value of specimens is maximized. These steps include isolation of vesicles by automated size exclusion chromatography and quantification by tunable resistive pulse sensing. This workflow optimizes reproducibility by minimizing variations in processing, handling, and storage of EVs. EVs have significant diagnostic and therapeutic potential, but clinical application is limited by disparate methods of data collection. This standardized protocol is scalable and ensures efficient recovery of physiologically intact EVs that may be used in a variety of downstream biochemical and functional analyses. Simultaneous measurement quantifies EV concentration and size distribution absolutely. Absolute quantification corrects for variations in EV number and size, offering a novel method of standardization in downstream applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Nathaniel Diehl
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Amelia Ray
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lauren B. Collins
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Andrew Peterson
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kyle C. Alexander
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jacob G. Boutros
- Campbell University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lillington, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - John S. Ikonomidis
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Adam W. Akerman
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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19
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Zhu Q, Xu H, Huang L, Luo J, Li H, Yang R, Liu X, Liu F. Identification and detection of plasma extracellular vesicles-derived biomarkers for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma diagnosis. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 225:115088. [PMID: 36739741 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a malignant tumor with two-thirds of patients having a local recurrence or distant metastasis. To date, diagnostic biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity are lacking. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown their potential values as disease biomarkers as they carry specific proteins and RNAs derived from cancer cells. In this study, we investigate ESCC precision diagnostics from the insights of circulating EVs, and integrate the ultrafast EV isolation approach (EXODUS) and ELISA for fast detection and screening of ESCC patients. First, we isolate and characterize the high-purity plasma EVs with EXODUS and identify 401 proteins and 372 proteins from ESCC patient and healthy individuals, respectively. Further looking into the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) of ESCC patients and enriched KEGG pathways, we discover EV-CD14 as a potential diagnostic biomarker for ESCC, which has been further validated as a significantly differentially expressed protein by Western Blot and immunogold labelling TEM. For fast screening and detection of ESCC towards clinical applications, we apply ELISA method to diagnose ESCC from 60 clinical samples based on circulating EV-CD14, which shows a high AUC value up to 96.0% for detection of ESCC in a test set (30 samples), and displays a high accuracy rate up to 90% for prediction of ESCC in a screening test (30 samples). Our results suggest that the circulating EV-CD14 may highly be related to the initiation and progression of ESCC, providing a novel method for the diagnosis and prognosis of ESCC towards clinical translations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfu Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Hao Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Liu Huang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Jiaxin Luo
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Hengrui Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Rui Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai, China
| | - Fei Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
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20
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Agnoletto C, Pignochino Y, Caruso C, Garofalo C. Exosome-Based Liquid Biopsy Approaches in Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Review of the Literature, Prospectives, and Hopes for Clinical Application. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065159. [PMID: 36982236 PMCID: PMC10048895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The knowledge of exosome impact on sarcoma development and progression has been implemented in preclinical studies thanks to technological advances in exosome isolation. Moreover, the clinical relevance of liquid biopsy is well established in early diagnosis, prognosis prediction, tumor burden assessment, therapeutic responsiveness, and recurrence monitoring of tumors. In this review, we aimed to comprehensively summarize the existing literature pointing out the clinical relevance of detecting exosomes in liquid biopsy from sarcoma patients. Presently, the clinical utility of liquid biopsy based on exosomes in patients affected by sarcoma is under debate. The present manuscript collects evidence on the clinical impact of exosome detection in circulation of sarcoma patients. The majority of these data are not conclusive and the relevance of liquid biopsy-based approaches in some types of sarcoma is still insufficient. Nevertheless, the utility of circulating exosomes in precision medicine clearly emerged and further validation in larger and homogeneous cohorts of sarcoma patients is clearly needed, requiring collaborative projects between clinicians and translational researchers for these rare cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ymera Pignochino
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Torino, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Instute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Caruso
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Cecilia Garofalo
- Advanced Translational Research Laboratory, Immunology and Molecular Oncology Diagnostic Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35127 Padua, Italy
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21
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Peptide-anchored biomimetic interface for electrochemical detection of cardiomyocyte-derived extracellular vesicles. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:1305-1311. [PMID: 36370201 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04419-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a promising class of biomarkers that can advance the diagnosis of many kinds of cardiovascular diseases. Herein, we develop a new electrochemical method for the feasible detection of cardiomyocyte-derived EVs in biological fluids. The core design of the method is the fabrication of a peptide-anchored biomimetic interface consisting of a lipid bilayer and peptide probes. On the one hand, the lipid bilayer provides excellent antifouling ability to the electrode interface and facilitates the anchoring of peptide probes. On the other hand, the peptide probes equip the electrode interface with excellent binding capability and affinity to CD172a, a specific marker of cardiomyocyte-derived EVs, thus enabling the efficient and selective detection of target EVs. Taking EVs derived from the heart myoblast cells H9C2 as the model target, the method displays a wide linear detection range from 1 × 103 to 1 × 108 particles/mL with a desirable detection limit of 132 particles/mL. Furthermore, the method shows good performance in biological fluids such as serum, and thus may have great potential for practical use in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases.
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22
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Feng Y, Liu M, Li X, Li M, Xing X, Liu L. Nanomechanical Signatures of Extracellular Vesicles from Hematologic Cancer Patients Unraveled by Atomic Force Microscopy for Liquid Biopsy. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:1591-1599. [PMID: 36723485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) as the carriers for intercellular communications to regulate life activities. Particularly, it is increasingly apparent that mechanical forces play an essential role in biological systems. The nanomechanical properties of EVs and their dynamics in cancer development are still not fully understood. Herein, with the use of atomic force microscopy (AFM), the nanomechanical signatures of EVs from the liquid biopsies of hematologic cancer patients were unraveled. Single native EVs were probed by AFM under aqueous conditions. The elastic and viscous properties of EVs were measured and visualized to correlate EV mechanics with EV geometry. Experimental results remarkably reveal the significant differences in EV mechanics among multiple myeloma patients, lymphoma patients, and healthy volunteers. The study unveils the unique nanomechanical signatures of EVs in hematologic cancers, which will benefit the studies of liquid biopsies for cancer diagnosis and prognosis with translational significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110169, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Meichen Liu
- Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110042, People's Republic of China
- Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang 110042, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110042, People's Republic of China
- Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang 110042, People's Republic of China
| | - Mi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110169, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Xing
- Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110042, People's Republic of China
- Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang 110042, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110169, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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23
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Liu JL, Kang DL, Mi P, Xu CZ, Zhu L, Wei BM. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Promising Nanomedicine for Cutaneous Wound Treatment. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:531-541. [PMID: 36607315 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A skin wound represents a rupture caused by external damage or the existence of underlying pathological conditions. Sometimes, skin wound healing processes may place a heavy burden on patients, families, and society. Wound healing processes mainly consist of several continuous, dynamic, but overlapping stages, namely, the coagulation stage, inflammation stage, proliferation stage, and remodeling stage. Bacterial infection, excessive inflammation, impaired angiogenesis, and scar formation constitute the four significant factors impeding the recovery efficacy of skin wounds. This encourages scientists to develop multifunctional nanomedicines to meet challenging needs. As we know, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely explored for wound repair owing to their unique capability for self-renewal and multipotency. However, problems including immune concerns and legal restrictions should be properly resolved before MSC-based therapeutics are safely and widely used in clinics. Besides, maintaining the high viability/proliferation capability of MSCs during administration processes and therapy procedures is also one of the biggest technical bottlenecks. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived nanovesicles, that not only possess the basic characteristics and functions of their corresponding maternal cells but also contain several outstanding advantages including abundant sources, excellent biocompatibility, and convenient administration routes. Furthermore, the membrane surface and cavity are easy to flexibly modify to meet versatile application needs. Recently, MSC-derived EVs have emerged as promising therapeutics for skin wound repair. However, current reviews are too broad and rarely focused on the specific roles of EVs in the different stages of wound recovery. Therefore, it is quite necessary to demonstrate the significance of stem cell-derived EVs in promoting wound healing from several specific aspects. Here, this review primarily tries to provide critical comments on current advances in EVs derived from MSCs for wound repair, particularly elaborating on their impressive roles in effectively eliminating infections, inhibiting inflammation, promoting angiogenesis, and reducing scar formation. Last but not least, current limitations and future prospects of EVs derived from MSCs in the areas of wound repair are also objectively analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Lin Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Changqing Garden, Wuhan, 430023 Hubei, China
| | - De-Lai Kang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Changqing Garden, Wuhan, 430023 Hubei, China
| | - Peng Mi
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Changqing Garden, Wuhan, 430023 Hubei, China
| | - Cheng-Zhi Xu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Changqing Garden, Wuhan, 430023 Hubei, China
| | - Lian Zhu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Changqing Garden, Wuhan, 430023 Hubei, China
| | - Ben-Mei Wei
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Changqing Garden, Wuhan, 430023 Hubei, China
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24
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Wang JJ, Sun N, Lee YT, Kim M, Vagner T, Rohena-Rivera K, Wang Z, Chen Z, Zhang RY, Lee J, Zhang C, Tang H, Widjaja J, Zhang TX, Qi D, Teng PC, Jan YJ, Hou KC, Hamann C, Sandler HM, Daskivich TJ, Luthringer DJ, Bhowmick NA, Pei R, You S, Di Vizio D, Tseng HR, Chen JF, Zhu Y, Posadas EM. Prostate cancer extracellular vesicle digital scoring assay - a rapid noninvasive approach for quantification of disease-relevant mRNAs. NANO TODAY 2023; 48:101746. [PMID: 36711067 PMCID: PMC9879227 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2022.101746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing outcomes in prostate cancer (PCa) requires precision in characterization of disease status. This effort was directed at developing a PCa extracellular vesicle (EV) Digital Scoring Assay (DSA) for detecting metastasis and monitoring progression of PCa. PCa EV DSA is comprised of an EV purification device (i.e., EV Click Chip) and reverse-transcription droplet digital PCR that quantifies 11 PCa-relevant mRNA in purified PCa-derived EVs. A Met score was computed for each plasma sample based on the expression of the 11-gene panel using the weighted Z score method. Under optimized conditions, the EV Click Chips outperformed the ultracentrifugation or precipitation method of purifying PCa-derived EVs from artificial plasma samples. Using PCa EV DSA, the Met score distinguished metastatic (n = 20) from localized PCa (n = 20) with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.88 (95% CI:0.78-0.98). Furthermore, longitudinal analysis of three PCa patients showed the dynamics of the Met scores reflected clinical behavior even when disease was undetectable by imaging. Overall, a sensitive PCa EV DSA was developed to identify metastatic PCa and reveal dynamic disease states noninvasively. This assay may complement current imaging tools and blood-based tests for timely detection of metastatic progression that can improve care for PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine J. Wang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine,
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los
Angeles, CA, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for
Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of
California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Na Sun
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for
Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of
California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of
Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Yi-Te Lee
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for
Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of
California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Minhyung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical
Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tatyana Vagner
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los
Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Zhili Wang
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of
Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Zijing Chen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine,
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Y. Zhang
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for
Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of
California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Junseok Lee
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for
Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of
California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ceng Zhang
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for
Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of
California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hubert Tang
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for
Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of
California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Josephine Widjaja
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for
Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of
California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany X. Zhang
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for
Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of
California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dongping Qi
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for
Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of
California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pai-Chi Teng
- Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los
Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yu Jen Jan
- Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los
Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kuan-Chu Hou
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for
Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of
California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Candace Hamann
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine,
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Howard M. Sandler
- Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los
Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical
Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Timothy J. Daskivich
- Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los
Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai
Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel J. Luthringer
- Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los
Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Neil A. Bhowmick
- Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los
Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical
Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los
Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Renjun Pei
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of
Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Sungyong You
- Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los
Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical
Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los
Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dolores Di Vizio
- Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los
Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical
Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los
Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hsian-Rong Tseng
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for
Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of
California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School
of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jie-Fu Chen
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yazhen Zhu
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for
Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of
California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School
of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Edwin M. Posadas
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine,
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los
Angeles, CA, USA
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25
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Progress of Endogenous and Exogenous Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy and Diagnostics. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020259. [PMID: 36833186 PMCID: PMC9957423 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The focus of this brief review is to describe the application of nanoparticles, including endogenous nanoparticles (e.g., extracellular vesicles, EVs, and virus capsids) and exogenous nanoparticles (e.g., organic and inorganic materials) in cancer therapy and diagnostics. In this review, we mainly focused on EVs, where a recent study demonstrated that EVs secreted from cancer cells are associated with malignant alterations in cancer. EVs are expected to be used for cancer diagnostics by analyzing their informative cargo. Exogenous nanoparticles are also used in cancer diagnostics as imaging probes because they can be easily functionalized. Nanoparticles are promising targets for drug delivery system (DDS) development and have recently been actively studied. In this review, we introduce nanoparticles as a powerful tool in the field of cancer therapy and diagnostics and discuss issues and future prospects.
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26
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Tian T, Qiao S, Tannous BA. Nanotechnology-Inspired Extracellular Vesicles Theranostics for Diagnosis and Therapy of Central Nervous System Diseases. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:182-199. [PMID: 35929960 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Shuttling various bioactive substances across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) bidirectionally, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been opening new frontiers for the diagnosis and therapy of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. However, clinical translation of EV-based theranostics remains challenging due to difficulties in effective EV engineering for superior imaging/therapeutic potential, ultrasensitive EV detection for small sample volume, as well as scale-up and standardized EV production. In the past decade, continuous advancement in nanotechnology provided extensive concepts and strategies for EV engineering and analysis, which inspired the application of EVs for CNS diseases. Here we will review the existing types of EV-nanomaterial hybrid systems with improved diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy for CNS diseases. A summary of recent progress in the incorporation of nanomaterials and nanostructures in EV production, separation, and analysis will also be provided. Moreover, the convergence between nanotechnology and microfluidics for integrated EV engineering and liquid biopsy of CNS diseases will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- Department of Neurobiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Unit, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Shuya Qiao
- Department of Neurobiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Bakhos A Tannous
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Unit, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, United States
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27
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Song S, Zhu L, Wang C, Yang Y. In vitro diagnostic technologies for the detection of extracellular vesicles: current status and future directions. VIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20220011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Haidian Beijing China
- Sino‐Danish Center for Education and Research Sino‐Danish College Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Ling Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Haidian Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Chen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Haidian Beijing China
- Sino‐Danish Center for Education and Research Sino‐Danish College Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yanlian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Haidian Beijing China
- Sino‐Danish Center for Education and Research Sino‐Danish College Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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28
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Kwon Y, Park J. Methods to analyze extracellular vesicles at single particle level. MICRO AND NANO SYSTEMS LETTERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s40486-022-00156-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized vesicles derived from cells that transport biomaterials between cells through biofluids. Due to their biological role and components, they are considered as potential drug carriers and for diagnostic applications. Today's advanced nanotechnology enables single-particle-level analysis that was difficult in the past due to its small size below the diffraction limit. Single EV analysis reveals the heterogeneity of EVs, which could not be discovered by various ensemble analysis methods. Understanding the characteristics of single EVs enables more advanced pathological and biological researches. This review focuses on the advanced techniques employed for EV analysis at the single particle level and describes the principles of each technique.
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29
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Jiang Q, Xiao Y, Hong AN, Gao Z, Shen Y, Fan Q, Feng P, Zhong W. Bimetallic Metal-Organic Framework Fe/Co-MIL-88(NH 2) Exhibiting High Peroxidase-like Activity and Its Application in Detection of Extracellular Vesicles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:41800-41808. [PMID: 36083615 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have many attractive features, including tunable composition, rigid structure, controllable pore size, and large specific surface area, and thus are highly applicable in molecular analysis. Depending on the MOF structure, a high number of unsaturated metal sites can be exposed to catalyze chemical reactions. In the present work, we report that using both Co(II) and Fe(III) to prepare the MIL-88(NH2) MOF, we can produce the bimetallic MOF that can catalyze the conversion of 3,3',5,5″-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to a color product through a reaction with H2O2 at a higher reaction rate than the monometallic Fe-MIL-88(NH2). The Michaelis constants (Km) of the catalytic reaction for TMB and H2O2 are 3-5 times smaller, and the catalytic constants (kcat) are 5-10 times higher than those of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP), supporting ultrahigh peroxidase-like activity. These values are also much more superior to those of the HRP-mimicking MOFs reported previously. Interestingly, the bimetallic MOF can be coupled with glucose oxidase (GOx) to trigger the cascade enzymatic reaction for highly sensitive detection of extracellular vesicles (EVs), a family of important biomarkers. Through conjugation to the aptamer that recognizes the marker protein on EV surface, the MOF can help isolate the EVs from biological matrices, which are subsequently labeled by GOx via antibody recognition. The cascade enzymatic reaction between MOF and GOx enables the detection of EVs at a concentration as low as 7.8 × 104 particles/mL. The assay can be applied to monitor EV secretion by cultured cells and also can successfully detect the different EV quantities in the sera samples collected from cancer patients and healthy controls. Overall, we prove that the bimetallic Fe/Co-MIL-88(NH2) MOF, with its high peroxidase activity and high biocompatibility, is a valuable tool deployable in clinical assays to facilitate disease diagnosis and prognosis.
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Li M, Fang F, Sun M, Zhang Y, Hu M, Zhang J. Extracellular vesicles as bioactive nanotherapeutics: An emerging paradigm for regenerative medicine. Theranostics 2022; 12:4879-4903. [PMID: 35836815 PMCID: PMC9274746 DOI: 10.7150/thno.72812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, extracellular vesicles (EVs), as bioactive cell-secreted nanoparticles which are involved in various physiological and pathological processes including cell proliferation, immune regulation, angiogenesis and tissue repair, have emerged as one of the most attractive nanotherapeutics for regenerative medicine. Herein we provide a systematic review of the latest progress of EVs for regenerative applications. Firstly, we will briefly introduce the biogenesis, function and isolation technology of EVs. Then, the underlying therapeutic mechanisms of the native unmodified EVs and engineering strategies of the modified EVs as regenerative entities will be discussed. Subsequently, the main focus will be placed on the tissue repair and regeneration applications of EVs on various organs including brain, heart, bone and cartilage, liver and kidney, as well as skin. More importantly, current clinical trials of EVs for regenerative medicine will also be briefly highlighted. Finally, the future challenges and insightful perspectives of the currently developed EV-based nanotherapeutics in biomedicine will be discussed. In short, the bioactive EV-based nanotherapeutics have opened new horizons for biologists, chemists, nanoscientists, pharmacists, as well as clinicians, making possible powerful tools and therapies for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Meng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yinfeng Zhang
- International Medical Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, P. R. China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, 510630, P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
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Chen H, Bian F, Guo J, Zhao Y. Aptamer-Functionalized Barcodes in Herringbone Microfluidics for Multiple Detection of Exosomes. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200236. [PMID: 35466594 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-derived exosomes are vital for clinical dynamic and accurate tumor diagnosis, thus developing sensitive and multiple exosomes detection technology has attracted remarkable attention of scientists. Here, a novel herringbone microfluidic device with aptamer-functionalized barcodes integration for specific capture and multiple detection of tumor-derived exosomes is presented. The barcodes with core-shell constructions are obtained by partially replicating the periodically ordered hexagonal close-packaged colloidal crystal beads. As their inverse opal hydrogel shell possesses rich interconnected pores, the barcodes could provide abundant surface area for functionalization of DNA aptamers to realize specific recognition of target exosomes. Besides, the encoded structure colors of the barcodes can be maintained stably during the detection events as their hardish cores are with sufficient mechanical strength. It is demonstrated that by embedding these barcodes in herringbone groove microfluidic device with designed patterns, the specific capture efficiency and synergetic detection of multiple tumor-derived exosomes in peripheral blood can be significantly improved due to enhanced resistance of turbulent flow. These features make the aptamer-functionalized barcodes and herringbone microfluidics integrated platform promising for exosomes extraction and dynamic tumor diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxu Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325001, China
| | - Feika Bian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325001, China
| | - Jiahui Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325001, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325001, China
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Aptamers as Recognition Elements for Electrochemical Detection of Exosomes. Chem Res Chin Univ 2022; 38:879-885. [PMID: 35578711 PMCID: PMC9094132 DOI: 10.1007/s40242-022-2088-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Exosome analysis is emerging as an attractive noninvasive approach for disease diagnosis and treatment monitoring in the field of liquid biopsy. Aptamer is considered as a promising molecular probe for exosomes detection because of the high binding affinity, remarkable specificity, and low cost. Recently, many approaches have been developed to further improve the performance of electrochemical aptamer based(E-AB) sensors with a lower limit of detection. In this review, we focus on the development of using aptamer as a specific recognition element for exosomes detection in electrochemical sensors. We first introduce recent advances in evolving aptamers against exosomes. Then, we review methods of immobilization aptamers on electrode surfaces, followed by a summary of the main strategies of signal amplification. Finally, we present the insights of the challenges and future directions of E-AB sensors for exosomes analysis.
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Sun N, Tran BV, Peng Z, Wang J, Zhang C, Yang P, Zhang TX, Widjaja J, Zhang RY, Xia W, Keir A, She J, Yu H, Shyue J, Zhu H, Agopian VG, Pei R, Tomlinson JS, Toretsky JA, Jonas SJ, Federman N, Lu S, Tseng H, Zhu Y. Coupling Lipid Labeling and Click Chemistry Enables Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles for Noninvasive Detection of Oncogenic Gene Alterations. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105853. [PMID: 35486030 PMCID: PMC9108594 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Well-preserved molecular cargo in circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) offers an ideal material for detecting oncogenic gene alterations in cancer patients, providing a noninvasive diagnostic solution for detection of disease status and monitoring treatment response. Therefore, technologies that conveniently isolate EVs with sufficient efficiency are desperately needed. Here, a lipid labeling and click chemistry-based EV capture platform ("Click Beads"), which is ideal for EV message ribonucleic acid (mRNA) assays due to its efficient, convenient, and rapid purification of EVs, enabling downstream molecular quantification using reverse transcription digital polymerase chain reaction (RT-dPCR) is described and demonstrated. Ewing sarcoma protein (EWS) gene rearrangements and kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) gene mutation status are detected and quantified using EVs isolated by Click Beads and matched with those identified in biopsy specimens from Ewing sarcoma or pancreatic cancer patients. Moreover, the quantification of gene alterations can be used for monitoring treatment responses and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Sun
- California NanoSystems InstituteCrump Institute for Molecular ImagingDepartment of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Key Laboratory for Nano‐Bio InterfaceSuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Benjamin V. Tran
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Zishan Peng
- Department of PathologyZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of PathologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Ceng Zhang
- California NanoSystems InstituteCrump Institute for Molecular ImagingDepartment of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Peng Yang
- California NanoSystems InstituteCrump Institute for Molecular ImagingDepartment of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Tiffany X. Zhang
- California NanoSystems InstituteCrump Institute for Molecular ImagingDepartment of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Josephine Widjaja
- California NanoSystems InstituteCrump Institute for Molecular ImagingDepartment of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Ryan Y. Zhang
- California NanoSystems InstituteCrump Institute for Molecular ImagingDepartment of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Wenxi Xia
- California NanoSystems InstituteCrump Institute for Molecular ImagingDepartment of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Alexandra Keir
- Department of PediatricsDavid Geffen School of MedicineEli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Researchand Children's Discovery and Innovation InstituteUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Jia‐Wei She
- Smart Organic Materials LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryAcademia SinicaNankangTaipei115Taiwan
| | - Hsiao‐hua Yu
- Smart Organic Materials LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryAcademia SinicaNankangTaipei115Taiwan
| | - Jing‐Jong Shyue
- Research Center for Applied SciencesAcademia SinicaNankangTaipei115Taiwan
| | - Hongguang Zhu
- Department of PathologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Vatche G. Agopian
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Renjun Pei
- Key Laboratory for Nano‐Bio InterfaceSuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - James S. Tomlinson
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Jeffrey A Toretsky
- Departments of Oncology and PediatricsGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDC20057USA
| | - Steven J. Jonas
- Department of PediatricsDavid Geffen School of MedicineEli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Researchand Children's Discovery and Innovation InstituteUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- California NanoSystems InstituteDepartments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Noah Federman
- Department of PediatricsDavid Geffen School of MedicineEli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Researchand Children's Discovery and Innovation InstituteUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Shaohua Lu
- Department of PathologyZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Hsian‐Rong Tseng
- California NanoSystems InstituteCrump Institute for Molecular ImagingDepartment of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Yazhen Zhu
- California NanoSystems InstituteCrump Institute for Molecular ImagingDepartment of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
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Early-stage multi-cancer detection using an extracellular vesicle protein-based blood test. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2022; 2:29. [PMID: 35603292 PMCID: PMC9053211 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-022-00088-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Detecting cancer at early stages significantly increases patient survival rates. Because lethal solid tumors often produce few symptoms before progressing to advanced, metastatic disease, diagnosis frequently occurs when surgical resection is no longer curative. One promising approach to detect early-stage, curable cancers uses biomarkers present in circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs). To explore the feasibility of this approach, we developed an EV-based blood biomarker classifier from EV protein profiles to detect stages I and II pancreatic, ovarian, and bladder cancer. Methods Utilizing an alternating current electrokinetics (ACE) platform to purify EVs from plasma, we use multi-marker EV-protein measurements to develop a machine learning algorithm that can discriminate cancer cases from controls. The ACE isolation method requires small sample volumes, and the streamlined process permits integration into high-throughput workflows. Results In this case-control pilot study, comparison of 139 pathologically confirmed stage I and II cancer cases representing pancreatic, ovarian, or bladder patients against 184 control subjects yields an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.92 to 0.97), with sensitivity of 71.2% (95% CI: 63.2 to 78.1) at 99.5% (97.0 to 99.9) specificity. Sensitivity is similar at both early stages [stage I: 70.5% (60.2 to 79.0) and stage II: 72.5% (59.1 to 82.9)]. Detection of stage I cancer reaches 95.5% in pancreatic, 74.4% in ovarian (73.1% in Stage IA) and 43.8% in bladder cancer. Conclusions This work demonstrates that an EV-based, multi-cancer test has potential clinical value for early cancer detection and warrants future expanded studies involving prospective cohorts with multi-year follow-up. Finding cancer early can make treatment easier and improve odds of survival. However, many tumors go unnoticed until they have grown large enough to cause symptoms. While scans can detect tumors earlier, routine full-body imaging is impractical for population screening. New cancer detection methods being explored are based on observations that tumors release tiny particles called extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the bloodstream, containing proteins from the tumor. Here, we used a method to purify EVs from patients’ blood followed by a method to detect tumor proteins in the EVs. Our method quickly and accurately detected early-stage pancreatic, ovarian, or bladder cancer. With further testing, this method may provide a useful screening tool for clinicians to detect cancers at an earlier stage. Hinestrosa et al. describe the early-stage detection of cancer using biomarkers present in circulating extracellular vesicles purified via an alternating current electrokinetics platform. They show, in a case-control study, that 95.7% of pancreatic, 75.0% of ovarian and 43.8% of bladder stage I and II cancers can be detected.
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Wang T, Xing Y, Cheng Z, Yu F. Analysis of Single Extracellular Vesicles for Biomedical Applications with Especial Emphasis on Cancer Investigations. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Xu K, Jin Y, Li Y, Huang Y, Zhao R. Recent Progress of Exosome Isolation and Peptide Recognition-Guided Strategies for Exosome Research. Front Chem 2022; 10:844124. [PMID: 35281563 PMCID: PMC8908031 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.844124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are membrane extracellular vesicles secreted by almost all kinds of cells, which are rich in proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. As a medium of intercellular communication, exosomes play important roles in biological processes and are closely related to the occurrence, and development of many diseases. The isolation of exosomes and downstream analyses can provide important information to the accurate diagnosis and treatment of diseases. However, exosomes are various in a size range from 30 to 200 nm and exist in complex bio-systems, which provide significant challenges for the isolation and enrichment of exosomes. Different methods have been developed to isolate exosomes, such as the “gold-standard” ultracentrifugation, size-exclusion chromatography, and polymer precipitation. In order to improve the selectivity of isolation, affinity capture strategies based on molecular recognition are becoming attractive. In this review, we introduced the main strategies for exosome isolation and enrichment, and compared their strengths and limitations. Furthermore, combined with the excellent performance of targeted peptides, we summarized the application of peptide recognition in exosome isolation and engineering modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yulong Jin, ; Rui Zhao,
| | - Yongming Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yulong Jin, ; Rui Zhao,
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Jiang C, Fu Y, Liu G, Shu B, Davis J, Tofaris GK. Multiplexed Profiling of Extracellular Vesicles for Biomarker Development. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2021; 14:3. [PMID: 34855021 PMCID: PMC8638654 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00753-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membranous particles that play a crucial role in molecular trafficking, intercellular transport and the egress of unwanted proteins. They have been implicated in many diseases including cancer and neurodegeneration. EVs are detected in all bodily fluids, and their protein and nucleic acid content offers a means of assessing the status of the cells from which they originated. As such, they provide opportunities in biomarker discovery for diagnosis, prognosis or the stratification of diseases as well as an objective monitoring of therapies. The simultaneous assaying of multiple EV-derived markers will be required for an impactful practical application, and multiplexing platforms have evolved with the potential to achieve this. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the currently available multiplexing platforms for EV analysis, with a primary focus on miniaturized and integrated devices that offer potential step changes in analytical power, throughput and consistency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Jiang
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, New Biochemistry Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, New Biochemistry Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Guozhen Liu
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Shu
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510091, People's Republic of China
| | - Jason Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
| | - George K Tofaris
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, New Biochemistry Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, New Biochemistry Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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