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Lin L, Wu R, Zhuang Y, Zhang Y, Xia L, Wang J, Zhang C, Sa B, Luo Q, Wang L, Lin J, Lin Y, Peng DL, Xie Q. An autotransferable alloy overlayer toward stable sodium metal anodes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 670:215-222. [PMID: 38761574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.05.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Sodium (Na) metal anodes receive significant attention due to their high theoretical specific energy and cost-effectiveness. However, the high reactivity of Na foil anodes and the irregular surfaces have posed challenges to the operability and reliability of Na metals in battery applications. In the absence of inert environmental protection conditions, constructing a uniform, dense, and sodiophilic Na metal anode surface is crucial for homogenizing Na deposition, but remains less-explored. Herein, we fabricated a Tin (Sn) nanoparticle-assembled film conforming to separator pores, which provided ample space for accommodating volumetric expansion during the Na alloying process. Subsequently, a seamless Na-Sn alloy overlayer was formed and transferred onto the Na foil during Na plating through a separator-assisted technique, thereby overcoming conventional operational limitations of metallic Na. As compared to traditional volumetrically expanded cracked ones, the present autotransferable, highly sodiophilic, ion-conductive, and seamless Na-Sn alloy overlayer serves as uniform nucleation sites, thereby reducing nucleation and diffusion barriers and facilitating the compact deposition of metallic Na. Consequently, the autotransferable alloy layer enables a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.9 % at 3.0 mA cm-2 and 3.0 mAh cm-2 in the half cells as well as minimal polarization overpotentials in symmetric cells, both during prolonged cycling 1200 h. Furthermore, the assembled Na||Sn-1.0h-PP||Na3V2(PO4)3@C@CNTs full cell delivers high capacity retention of 97.5 % after 200 cycles at a high cathodic mass loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Lin
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials (Xiamen University), College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Renkang Wu
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials (Xiamen University), College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yanping Zhuang
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials (Xiamen University), College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yinggan Zhang
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials (Xiamen University), College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Li Xia
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials (Xiamen University), College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chengkun Zhang
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials (Xiamen University), College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Baisheng Sa
- Multiscale Computational Materials Facility, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350100, China
| | - Qing Luo
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials (Xiamen University), College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Laisen Wang
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials (Xiamen University), College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jie Lin
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials (Xiamen University), College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yingbin Lin
- Fujian Provincial Solar Energy Conversion and Energy Storage Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Dong-Liang Peng
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials (Xiamen University), College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Qingshui Xie
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials (Xiamen University), College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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2
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Liu P, Miao L, Sun Z, Chen X, Jiao L. Sodiophilic Substrate Induces NaF-Rich Solid Electrolyte Interface for Dendrite-Free Sodium Metal Anode. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2406058. [PMID: 39097944 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202406058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
3D substrate with abundant sodiophilic active sites holds promise for implementing dendrite-free sodium metal anodes and high-performance sodium batteries. However, the heightened electrode/electrolyte side reactions stemming from high specific surface area still hinder electrode structure stability and cycling reversibility, particularly under high current densities. Herein, the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) component is regulated and detrimental side reactions are restrained through the uniform loading of Na-Sn alloy onto a porous 3D nanofiber framework (NaSn-PCNF). The strong interaction between Na-Sn alloy and PF6 - anions facilitates the dissociation of sodium salts and releases more free sodium ions for effective charge transfer. Simultaneously, the modulations of the interfacial electrolyte solvation structure and the construction of a high NaF content SEI layer stabilize the electrode/electrolyte interface. NaSn-PCNF symmetrical battery demonstrates stable cycling for over 600 h with an ultralow overpotential of 24.5 mV under harsh condition of 10 mA cm-2 and 10 mAh cm-2. Moreover, the full cells and pouch cells exhibit accelerated reaction kinetics and splendid capacity retention, providing valuable insights into the development of advanced Na substrates for high-energy sodium metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Licheng Miao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhiqin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xuchun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lifang Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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3
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Wang J, Li Z, Zhang Y, Lu M, Wang X, Xie Q, Li Q, Qu B. Lithiation: A Pathway to Strengthen Sodiophilic Metal Interlayer of 3D Metallic Skeleton for High-Performance Sodium Metal Anodes. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:8853-8860. [PMID: 39167725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c02065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Constructing a three-dimensional (3D) skeleton with a sodiophilic-modified layer (SML) has been proven to be an effective strategy to alleviate excessive volumetric deformation and continuous dendrite growth for sodium (Na) metal anodes. However, the weak binding force and violent reaction between the SML and the 3D skeleton lead to numerous cracks/defects and even pulverization of the SML during repeated Na plating/stripping. Herein, a lithiation pathway is presented to construct a sodiophilic Li-Sn alloy layer onto a 3D copper mesh to strengthen the SML for stable Na metal anodes. The lithiation 3D skeleton exhibits superior sodiophilicity, higher charge-transfer efficiency, and lower ion-diffusion barrier, contributing to the homogenization of ion-electronic flux and Na deposition. Simultaneously, the dense Li-Sn alloy is more stable than the monometal Sn-layer, which effectively prevents damage to the SML and enhances the stability of the SML. As a result, the asymmetrical cell exhibits great performance with a negligible nucleation overpotential and a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.4%. Moreover, the full cell assembled with Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode delivers superior capacity retention of 91.3% after 1000 cycles at a current of 3C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Miao Lu
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xinghui Wang
- College of Physics and Information Engineering, Institute of Micro-Nano Devices and Solar Cells, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Qingshui Xie
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Baihua Qu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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4
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Lv J, Wang Q, OuYang M, Cao Y. Highly Performing Sodium Metal Batteries Reinforced by a Self-Regulated Dual-Layered Solid Electrolyte Interphase via a Metal-Organic Framework. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39042853 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c09387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Sodium-metal batteries, heralded for high energy density and cost-effectiveness, are compromised by an unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and dendrite formation, which hinder practical applications. Herein, a zirconium-based metal-organic framework nanostructure coating (ZMOF-NSC) was constructed in a low-loss, flexible manner. Comprehensive studies show that ZMOF-NSC, with its periodically ordered nanochannels and organized pore structures, enhances ion transport and decreases the Na+ migration energy barrier, thus ensuring uniform ion flux and achieving uniform spherical deposition. Additionally, ZMOF-NSC facilitates partial desolvation, catalyzing the formation of an inorganic-rich, dual-layered SEI that effectively protects the anode and suppresses dendrite formation. Consequently, the ZMOF-NSC@Na symmetric battery exhibits an impressive lifespan of over 2500 h, demonstrating extended operational longevity. The Na3V2(PO4)3∥ZMOF-NSC@Na batteries demonstrate exceptional cycling stability with 81% capacity retention after 2000 cycles at 10 C, maintaining stability over 3000 cycles at 20 C. Moreover, the NVP∥ZMOF-NSC@Na battery achieves an energy density of 370 Wh kg-1 and a power density of 10,484 W kg-1, indicating superior durability and performance. This significant finding highlights the significant potential of structured MOFs to induce a dual-layered SEI, advancing the commercialization of durable, dendrite-free sodium metal batteries. The precise design of self-assembled pore structures and surface active sites in MOFs demonstrates significant potential in advancing the commercialization of durable, dendrite-free electrodes of metal-based rechargeable batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaze Lv
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qiannan Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Mingwei OuYang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yan Cao
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Shi D, Lv X, Yang Y, Zhang X, Tao Z, Xu C, Rui X. NaBi x/NaV yO z Hybrid Interfacial Layer Enables Stable and Dendrite-Free Sodium Anodes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402206. [PMID: 38881367 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The challenges of sodium metal anodes, including formation of an unstable solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) and uncontrolled growth of sodium dendrites during charge-discharge cycles, impact the stability and safety of sodium metal batteries. Motivated by the promising commercialization potential of sodium metal batteries, it becomes imperative to systematically explore innovative protective interlayers specifically tailored for sodium metal anodes. In this work, a NaBix/NaVyOz hybrid and porous interfacial layer on sodium anode is successfully fabricated via pretreating sodium with bismuth vanadate. The hybrid interlayer effectively combines the advantages of sodium vanadates and alloys, raising a synergistic effect in facilitating sodium deposition kinetics and inhibiting the growth of sodium dendrites. As a result, the modified sodium electrodes (BVO-Na) can stably cycle for 2000 h at 0.5 mA cm-2 with a fixed capacity of 1 mAh cm-2, and the BVO-Na||Na3V2(PO4)3 full cell sustains a high capacity of 94 mAh g-1 after 600 cycles at 5 C. This work demonstrates that constructing an artificial hybrid interlayer is a practical solution to obtain high performance anodes in sodium metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daowushuang Shi
- School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiang Lv
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xianghua Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Zetian Tao
- School of Resources, Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Chen Xu
- School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xianhong Rui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Zhao L, Tao Y, Zhang Y, Lei Y, Lai WH, Chou S, Liu HK, Dou SX, Wang YX. A Critical Review on Room-Temperature Sodium-Sulfur Batteries: From Research Advances to Practical Perspectives. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2402337. [PMID: 38458611 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Room-temperature sodium-sulfur (RT-Na/S) batteries are promising alternatives for next-generation energy storage systems with high energy density and high power density. However, some notorious issues are hampering the practical application of RT-Na/S batteries. Besides, the working mechanism of RT-Na/S batteries under practical conditions such as high sulfur loading, lean electrolyte, and low capacity ratio between the negative and positive electrode (N/P ratio), is of essential importance for practical applications, yet the significance of these parameters has long been disregarded. Herein, it is comprehensively reviewed recent advances on Na metal anode, S cathode, electrolyte, and separator engineering for RT-Na/S batteries. The discrepancies between laboratory research and practical conditions are elaborately discussed, endeavors toward practical applications are highlighted, and suggestions for the practical values of the crucial parameters are rationally proposed. Furthermore, an empirical equation to estimate the actual energy density of RT-Na/S pouch cells under practical conditions is rationally proposed for the first time, making it possible to evaluate the gravimetric energy density of the cells under practical conditions. This review aims to reemphasize the vital importance of the crucial parameters for RT-Na/S batteries to bridge the gaps between laboratory research and practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Zhao
- Institute of Energy Materials Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
- Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Ying Tao
- Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Yiyang Zhang
- Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Yaojie Lei
- Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Wei-Hong Lai
- Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Shulei Chou
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Hua-Kun Liu
- Institute of Energy Materials Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Shi-Xue Dou
- Institute of Energy Materials Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Yun-Xiao Wang
- Institute of Energy Materials Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
- Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
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Damircheli R, Hoang B, Castagna Ferrari V, Lin CF. Fluorinated Artificial Solid-Electrolyte-Interphase Layer for Long-Life Sodium Metal Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:54915-54922. [PMID: 37971318 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Sodium metal batteries have garnered significant attention due to their high theoretical specific capacity, cost effectiveness, and abundant availability. However, the propensity for dendritic sodium formation, stemming from the highly reactive nature of the sodium metal surface, poses safety concerns, and the uncontrollable formation of the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) leads to large cell impedance and battery failures. In this study, we present a novel approach where we have successfully developed a stable fluorinated artificial SEI layer on the sodium metal surface by employing various weight percentages of tin fluoride in a dimethyl carbonate solution, utilizing a convenient, cost-effective, and single-step method. The resulting fluoride-rich protective layer effectively stabilized the Na metal surfaces and significantly enhanced cycling stability. The engineered artificial SEI layer demonstrated an enhanced lifetime of Na metal symmetric cells of over 3.5 times, over 700 h at the current density of 0.25 mA/cm2, in cycling performance compared to the untreated sodium, which is attributed to the suppression of dendrite formation and the reduction of undesired SEI formation during high-current cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Damircheli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia 20064, United States
| | - Binh Hoang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia 20064, United States
| | - Victoria Castagna Ferrari
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Chuan-Fu Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia 20064, United States
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Zhuang R, Zhang X, Qu C, Xu X, Yang J, Ye Q, Liu Z, Kaskel S, Xu F, Wang H. Fluorinated porous frameworks enable robust anode-less sodium metal batteries. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh8060. [PMID: 37774016 PMCID: PMC11090372 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh8060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Sodium metal batteries hold great promise for energy-dense and low-cost energy storage technology but are severely impeded by catastrophic dendrite issue. State-of-the-art strategies including sodiophilic seeding/hosting interphase design manifest great success on dendrite suppression, while neglecting unavoidable interphase-depleted Na+ before plating, which poses excessive Na use, sacrificed output voltage and ultimately reduced energy density. We here demonstrate that elaborate-designed fluorinated porous framework could simultaneously realize superior sodiophilicity yet negligible interphase-consumed Na+ for dendrite-free and durable Na batteries. As elucidated by physicochemical and theoretical characterizations, well-defined fluorinated edges on porous channels are responsible for both high affinities ensuring uniform deposition and low reactivity rendering superior Na+ utilization for plating. Accordingly, synergistic performance enhancement is achieved with stable 400 cycles and superior plateau to sloping capacity ratio in anode-free batteries. Proof-of-concept pouch cells deliver an energy density of 325 Watt-hours per kilogram and robust 300 cycles under anode-less condition, opening an avenue with great extendibility for the practical deployment of metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi’an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Xiuhai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi’an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Changzhen Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi’an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaosa Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi’an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Jiaying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi’an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Qian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi’an 710072, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi’an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Stefan Kaskel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi’an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Hongqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi’an 710072, P. R. China
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9
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Jung Y, Lee S, Kim D, Park J, Kang SJ, Kim Y, Park JS, Lee WG. Reversible Na Plating/Stripping with High Areal Capacity Using an Electroconductive Liquid Electrolyte System. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:43656-43666. [PMID: 37672801 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Anode-free sodium-metal batteries (AFSMBs) are promising candidates for maximizing energy density and minimizing cost and safety hazards in the absence of metallic sodium during cell assembly. The practical implementation of AFSMBs is hindered by the low cycling stability of Na-metal plating and stripping, particularly under high areal capacities, due to unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer formation with electrolyte decomposition and inactive dead Na formation. Here, we proposed an electroconductive electrolyte system consisting of liquid electrolytes that accept electrons at a certain energy level and form electronically conductive and solid electrolytes that prevent internal short circuit through low electronic conductivity. The electron acceptability and high electronic conductivity of the liquid electrolyte can suppress the irreversible electron transfer with electrolyte decomposition and reutilize the inactive dead metal, respectively. The functions of the system were demonstrated using a sodium biphenyl liquid electrolyte-NASICON solid electrolyte in a seawater battery (SWB) system, which features an infinite sodium source. The anode-free SWB cells achieved a high Coulombic efficiency of ≥99.9% for over 60 cycles at a high areal capacity of ∼24 mAh/cm2. This study provides insight into the Na plating/stripping properties in anode-free systems and proposes a significant strategy for improving the reversibility of metal anodes for various battery systems with solid electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjae Jung
- School of Energy & Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyoung Lee
- School of Energy & Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Dowan Kim
- School of Energy & Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyun Park
- School of Energy & Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Ju Kang
- School of Energy & Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsik Kim
- School of Energy & Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- R&D Center, 4TOONE Corporation, UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Sun Park
- R&D Center, 4TOONE Corporation, UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Wang-Geun Lee
- School of Energy & Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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10
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Li S, Zhu H, Liu Y, Wu Q, Cheng S, Xie J. Space-Confined Guest Synthesis to Fabricate Sn-Monodispersed N-Doped Mesoporous Host toward Anode-Free Na Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2301967. [PMID: 37167932 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Severe issues including volume change and dendrite growth on sodium metal anodes hinder the pursuit of applicable high-energy-density sodium metal batteries. Herein, an in situ reaction approach is developed that takes metal-organic frameworks as nano-reactor and pore-former to produce a mesoporous host comprised of nitrogen-doped carbon fibers embedded with monodispersed Sn clusters (SnNCNFs). The hybrid host shows outstanding sodiophilicity that enables rapid Na infusion and ultralow Na nucleation overpotential of 2 mV. Its porous structure holds a high Na content and guides uniform Na deposition. Such host provides favorable Na plating/stripping with an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.96% over 2000 cycles (at 3 mA cm-2 and 3 mA h cm-2 ). The Na-infused SnNCNF anode delivers extreme Na utilization of 86% in symmetric cells (at 10 mA cm-2 and 10 mA h cm-2 ), outstanding rate capability and cycle life in Na-SnNCNF||Na3 V2 (PO4 )3 full cells (at 1 A g-1 for over 1000 cycles with capacity retention of 92.1%). Furthermore, high-energy/power-density anode-less and anode-free Na cells are achieved. This work presents an effective heteroatom-doping approach for fabricating multifunctional porous carbon materials and developing high-performance metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Haolin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Shijie Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jia Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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11
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Liu X, Zheng X, Dai Y, Li B, Wen J, Zhao T, Luo W. Suppression of Interphase Dissolution Via Solvent Molecule Tuning for Sodium Metal Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2304256. [PMID: 37501280 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Solvent molecule tuning is used to alter the redox potentials of solvents or ion-solvent binding energy for high-voltage or low-temperature electrolytes. Herein, an electrolyte design strategy that effectively suppresses solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) dissolution and passivates highly-reactive metallic Na anode via solvent molecule tuning is proposed. With rationally lengthened phosphate backbones with ─CH2 ─ units, the low-solvation tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TOP) molecule effectively weakens the solvation ability of carbonate-based electrolytes, reduces the free solvent ratio, and enables an anion-enriched primary Na+ ion solvation sheath. The decreased free solvent and compact lower-solubility interphase established in this electrolyte prevent electrodes from continuous SEI dissolution and parasitic reactions at both room temperature (RT) and high temperature (HT). As a result, the Na/Na3 V2 (PO4 )3 cell with the new electrolyte achieves impressive cycling stability of 95.7% capacity retention after 1800 cycles at 25 °C and 62.1% capacity retention after 700 cycles at 60 °C. Moreover, the TOP molecule not only maintains the nonflammable feature of phosphate but also attains higher thermal stability, which endows the electrolyte with high safety and thermal stability. This design concept for electrolytes offers a promising path to long-cycling and high-safety sodium metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Liu
- Institute of New Energy for Vehicles, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Xueying Zheng
- Institute of New Energy for Vehicles, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Yiming Dai
- Institute of New Energy for Vehicles, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Bin Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Jiayun Wen
- Institute of New Energy for Vehicles, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Institute of New Energy for Vehicles, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Institute of New Energy for Vehicles, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
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12
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Wang J, Gao Y, Liu D, Zou G, Li L, Fernandez C, Zhang Q, Peng Q. A Sodiophilic Amyloid Fibril Modified Separator for Dendrite-Free Sodium-Metal Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2304942. [PMID: 37436944 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Sodium (Na) batteries are being considered as prospective candidates for the next generation of secondary batteries in contrast to lithium-based batteries, due to their high raw-material abundance, low cost, and sustainability. However, the unfavorable growth of Na-metal deposition and severe interfacial reactions have prevented their large-scale applications. Here, a vacuum filtration strategy, through amyloid-fibril-modified glass-fiber separators, is proposed to address these issues. The modified symmetric cell can be cycled for 1800 h, surpassing the performance of previously reported Na-based electrodes under an ester-based electrolyte. Moreover, the Na/Na3 V2 (PO4 )3 full cell with a sodiophilic amyloid-fibril-modified separator exhibits a capacity retention of 87.13% even after 1000 cycles. Both the experimental and the theoretical results show that the sodiophilic amyloid fibril homogenizes the electric field and Na-ion concentration, fundamentally inhibiting dendrite formation. Simultaneously, the glutamine amino acids in the amyloid fibril have the highest adsorption energy for Na, resulting in the formation of a stable Na3 N- and NaNx Oy -rich solid-electrolyte-interface film on the anode during cycling. This work provides not only a possible pathway to solve the dendrite problem in metal batteries using environmentally friendly biomacromolecular materials, but also a new direction for expanding biomaterial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, P. R. China
| | - Yan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, P. R. China
| | - Di Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, P. R. China
| | - Guodong Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, P. R. China
| | - Lanjie Li
- Chengde Iron and Steel Group Co., Ltd, HBIS Group Co., LTD, Chengde, Hebei, 067102, China
| | - Carlos Fernandez
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB107GJ, UK
| | - Qingrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, P. R. China
| | - Qiuming Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, P. R. China
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13
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Xia X, Xu S, Tang F, Yao Y, Wang L, Liu L, He S, Yang Y, Sun W, Xu C, Feng Y, Pan H, Rui X, Yu Y. A Multifunctional Interphase Layer Enabling Superior Sodium-Metal Batteries under Ambient Temperature and -40 °C. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209511. [PMID: 36576022 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The sodium (Na)-metal anode with high theoretical capacity and low cost is promising for construction of high-energy-density metal batteries. However, the unsatisfactory interface between Na and the liquid electrolyte induces tardy ion transfer kinetics and dendritic Na growth, especially at ultralow temperature (-40 °C). Herein, an artificial heterogeneous interphase consisting of disodium selenide (Na2 Se) and metal vanadium (V) is produced on the surface of Na (Na@Na2 Se/V) via an in situ spontaneous chemical reaction. Such interphase layer possesses high sodiophilicity, excellent ionic conductivity, and high Young's modulus, which can promote Na-ion adsorption and transport, realizing homogenous Na deposition without dendrites. The symmetric Na@Na2 Se/V cell exhibits outstanding cycling life span of over 1790 h (0.5 mA cm-2 /1 mAh cm-2 ) in carbonate-based electrolyte. More remarkably, ab initio molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the artificial Na2 Se/V hybrid interphase can accelerate the desolvation of solvated Na+ at -40 °C. The Na@Na2 Se/V electrode thus exhibits exceptional electrochemical performance in symmetric cell (over 1500 h at 0.5 mA cm-2 /0.5 mAh cm-2 ) and full cell (over 700 cycles at 0.5 C) at -40 °C. This work provides an avenue to design artificial heterogeneous interphase layers for superior high-energy-density metal batteries at ambient and ultralow temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianming Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shitan Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Fang Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yu Yao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Lin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shengnan He
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Yaxiong Yang
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Wenping Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Chen Xu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yuezhan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China
| | - Hongge Pan
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xianhong Rui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yan Yu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
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14
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Cui J, Jin B, Xu A, Li J, Shao M. Single-Atom Metallophilic Sites for Liquid NaK Alloy Confinement toward Stable Alkali-Metal Anodes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206479. [PMID: 36646523 PMCID: PMC10015853 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Room temperature liquid NaK alloy is a promising candidate for high performance metal batteries, due to its dendrite-free property and high energy density. However, its practical application is hindered by the high surface tension of liquid NaK, which causes difficulties in maintaining a stable contact with a current collector. Here, the authors demonstrate the extraordinary stable confinement of NaK alloy at room temperature by constructing a super-wetting substrate, which is based on highly dispersed cobalt-single-atom carbon nanoarrays. The developed liquid anode electrode prevented successfully the leakage of NaK alloy even in harsh stress (>5 MPa) or sharp shock conditions. The symmetric cells achieved ultra-long reversible plating/stripping cycling life in both Na-ion (>1010 hrs) and K-ion electrolytes (>4000 hrs) at 10 mA cm-2 /10 mAh cm-2 . Upon fitting with Na3 V2 (PO4 )3 , the NaK assembled full battery provided high energy density (332.6 kWh kg-1 ) and power density (11.05 kW kg-1 ) with excellent stability after >21600 cycles, which is the best value reported so far. The prepared pouch cell was able to drive a four-axis aircraft, demonstrating a great prospect in practical application. This work offers a new approach in the preparation of advanced dendrite-free liquid metal anodes with promising applications in electrochemical energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of South ChinaHengyang421001China
| | - Bowen Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Annan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Jiale Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Mingfei Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
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15
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Adeoye HA, Dent M, Watts JF, Tennison S, Lekakou C. Solubility and dissolution kinetics of sulfur and sulfides in electrolyte solvents for lithium-sulfur and sodium-sulfur batteries. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:064702. [PMID: 36792496 DOI: 10.1063/5.0132068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we monitor the dissolution of sulfur and sulfides in electrolyte solvents for lithium-sulfur (Li-S) and sodium-sulfur (Na-S) batteries. The first aim of this research is to assemble a comprehensive set of data on solubilities and dissolution kinetics that may be used in the simulation of battery cycling. The investigation also offers important insights to address key bottlenecks in the development and commercialization of metal-sulfur batteries, including the incomplete dissolution of sulfur in discharge and insoluble low-order sulfides in charge, the probability of shuttling of soluble polysulfides, and the pausing of the redox reactions in precipitated low order sulfides depending on their degree of solid state. The tested materials include sulfur, lithium sulfides Li2Sx, x = 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8, and sodium sulfides Na2Sx, x = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8, dissolved in two alternative electrolyte solvents: DOL:DME 1:1 v/v and TEGDME. The determined properties of the solute dissolution in the solvent include saturation concentration, mass transfer coefficient, and diffusion coefficient of the solvent in the solid solute. In general, the DOL:DME system offers high solubility in Li-S batteries and TEGDME offers the highest solubility in Na-S batteries. Low solubility sulfides are Li2S2 and Li2S for the Li-S batteries, and Na2S3, Na2S2, and Na2S for the Na-S batteries. However, it is noted that Na2S3 dissolves fast in TEGDME and also TEGDME diffuses fast into Na2S3, offering the possibility of a swollen Na2S3 structure in which Na+ ions might diffuse and continue the redox reactions in a semisolid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakeem A Adeoye
- Centre of Engineering Materials, School of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Dent
- Centre of Engineering Materials, School of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - John F Watts
- Centre of Engineering Materials, School of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Tennison
- Centre of Engineering Materials, School of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Constantina Lekakou
- Centre of Engineering Materials, School of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
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16
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Lu H, Jin Q, Jiang X, Dang ZM, Zhang D, Jin Y. Vertical Crystal Plane Matching between AgZn 3 (002) and Zn (002) Achieving a Dendrite-Free Zinc Anode. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200131. [PMID: 35277923 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metallic zinc anodes in zinc-ion batteries suffer from problematic Zn dendrite chemistry. Previous works have shown that preferred-orientation crystal planes can help dendrite-free metal anodes. This work reports a nanothickness (≈570 nm) AgZn3 coating to regulate the Zn growth. First, AgZn3 @Zn anode avoids the problem, in Ag@Zn anode, that the rate of electrochemical Ag-Zn alloying is slower than that of Zn dendrites growth. Batteries life increased from 112 h (pure Zn) and 932 h (Ag@Zn) to 1360 h (AgZn3 @Zn) at 2 mA cm-2 and 1 mAh cm-2 . Then, plasma sputtering can remove nonconductive ZnO and improve Zn-ion affinity, which brings a longer life for AuZn3 @Zn (423 h), CuZn3 @Zn (385 h), and AgZn3 @Zn (1150 h) than pure Zn (93 h) at 1 mAh cm-2 . More importantly, AgZn3 (002) has a high matching with the Zn (002), which can guide ordered Zn epitaxial deposition, thereby achieving dense and dendrite-free Zn growth. This work clearly captures the fascinating structure of the densely stacked Zn layers on the AgZn3 layer. This strategy not only improves the performance of zinc-ion batteries greatly but will also help one understand the matching mechanism of the (002) vertical crystal plane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Lu
- Research Center of Grid Energy Storage and Battery Application, School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Qianzheng Jin
- Research Center of Grid Energy Storage and Battery Application, School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Research Center of Grid Energy Storage and Battery Application, School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Zhi-Min Dang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Research Center of Grid Energy Storage and Battery Application, School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yang Jin
- Research Center of Grid Energy Storage and Battery Application, School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
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