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Niu Q, Ye S, Zhao L, Qian Y, Liu F. The role of liver cancer stem cells in hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis. Cancer Biol Ther 2024; 25:2321768. [PMID: 38393655 PMCID: PMC10896152 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2024.2321768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastasis accounts for the vast majority of cancer deaths; however, this complex process has yet to be fully explained. To form metastases, cancer cells must undergo a series of steps, known as the "Metastatic cascade", each of which requires a specific functional transformation. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a vital role in tumor metastasis, but their dynamic behavior and regulatory mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Based on the "Metastatic cascade" theory, this review summarizes the effect of liver CSCs on the metastatic biological programs that underlie the dissemination and metastatic growth of cancer cells. Liver CSCs have the capacity to initiate distant organ metastasis via EMT, and the microenvironment transformation that supports the ability of these cells to disseminate, evade immune surveillance, dormancy, and regenerate metastasis. Understanding the heterogeneity and traits of liver CSCs in these processes is critical for developing strategies to prevent and treat metastasis of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Niu
- Liver Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Susu Ye
- Liver Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liu Zhao
- Liver Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanzhi Qian
- School Hospital, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Fengchao Liu
- Liver Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Di Y, Wang Z, Xiao J, Zhang X, Ye L, Wen X, Qin J, Lu L, Wang X, He W. ACSL6-activated IL-18R1-NF-κB promotes IL-18-mediated tumor immune evasion and tumor progression. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadp0719. [PMID: 39292786 PMCID: PMC11409972 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adp0719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of IL-18 signaling regulates tumor immune evasion and progression. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we report that long-chain acyl-CoA synthase 6 (ACSL6) is highly expressed in liver cancer and correlated with poor prognosis. ACSL6 promotes tumor growth, metastasis, and immune evasion mediated by IL-18, independent of its metabolic enzyme activity. Mechanistically, upon IL-18 stimulation, ACSL6 is phosphorylated by ERK2 at S674 and recruits IL-18RAP to interact with IL-18R1, thereby reinforcing the IL-18R1-IL-18RAP heterodimer and triggering NF-κB-dependent gene expression to facilitate tumor development. Furthermore, the up-regulation of CXCL1 and CXCL5 by ACSL6 promotes tumor-associated neutrophil and tumor-associated macrophage recruitment, thereby inhibiting cytotoxic CD8+ T cell infiltration. Ablation or S674A mutation of ACSL6 potentiated anti-PD-1 therapeutic efficacy by increasing the effector activity of intertumoral CD8+ T cells. We revealed that ACSL6 is a potential adaptor that activates IL-18-NF-κB axis-mediated tumor immune evasion and provides valuable insights for developing effective immunotherapy strategies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Di
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Ziyang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Lvlan Ye
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Xiangqiong Wen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Jiale Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China
| | - Xiongjun Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Weiling He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361000, China
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Chen W, Xu H, Guo L, Zheng F, Yao J, Wang L. Role of ACSL4 in modulating farnesoid X receptor expression and M2 macrophage polarization in HBV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e706. [PMID: 39268355 PMCID: PMC11391271 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate relationship between bile acid (BA) metabolism, M2 macrophage polarization, and hepatitis B virus-hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC) necessitates a thorough investigation of ACSL4's (acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4) role. This study combines advanced bioinformatics and experimental methods to elucidate ACSL4's significance in HBV-HCC development. Using bioinformatics, we identified differentially expressed genes in HBV-HCC. STRING and gene set enrichment analysis analyses were employed to pinpoint critical genes and pathways. Immunoinfiltration analysis, along with in vitro and in vivo experiments, assessed M2 macrophage polarization and related factors. ACSL4 emerged as a pivotal gene influencing HBV-HCC. In HBV-HCC liver tissues, ACSL4 exhibited upregulation, along with increased levels of M2 macrophage markers and BA. Silencing ACSL4 led to heightened farnesoid X receptor (FXR) expression, reduced BA levels, and hindered M2 macrophage polarization, thereby improving HBV-HCC conditions. This study underscores ACSL4's significant role in HBV-HCC progression. ACSL4 modulates BA-mediated M2 macrophage polarization and FXR expression, shedding light on potential therapeutic targets and novel insights into HBV-HCC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbiao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology Shenzhen People's Hospital The Second Clinical Medical College Jinan University The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China
| | - Huixuan Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology The Second Clinical Medical College Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital) Shenzhen China
| | - Liliangzi Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology Shenzhen People's Hospital The Second Clinical Medical College Jinan University The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China
| | - Fengping Zheng
- Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center Peking University Shenzhen Hospital Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology Shenzhen People's Hospital The Second Clinical Medical College Jinan University The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology Shenzhen People's Hospital The Second Clinical Medical College Jinan University The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China
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Karri S, Dickinson Q, Jia J, Yang Y, Gan H, Wang Z, Deng Y, Yu C. The role of hexokinases in epigenetic regulation: altered hexokinase expression and chromatin stability in yeast. Epigenetics Chromatin 2024; 17:27. [PMID: 39192292 PMCID: PMC11348520 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-024-00551-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human hexokinase 2 (HK2) plays an important role in regulating Warburg effect, which metabolizes glucose to lactate acid even in the presence of ample oxygen and provides intermediate metabolites to support cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth. HK2 overexpression has been observed in various types of cancers and targeting HK2-driven Warburg effect has been suggested as a potential cancer therapeutic strategy. Given that epigenetic enzymes utilize metabolic intermediates as substrates or co-factors to carry out post-translational modification of histones and nucleic acids modifications in cells, we hypothesized that altering HK2 expression could impact the epigenome and, consequently, chromatin stability in yeast. To test this hypothesis, we established genetic models with different yeast hexokinase 2 (HXK2) expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells and investigated the effect of HXK2-dependent metabolism on parental nucleosome transfer, a key DNA replication-coupled epigenetic inheritance process, and chromatin stability. RESULTS By comparing the growth of mutant yeast cells carrying single deletion of hxk1Δ, hxk2Δ, or double-loss of hxk1Δ hxk2Δ to wild-type cells, we firstly confirmed that HXK2 is the dominant HXK in yeast cell growth. Surprisingly, manipulating HXK2 expression in yeast, whether through overexpression or deletion, had only a marginal impact on parental nucleosome assembly, but a noticeable trend with decrease chromatin instability. However, targeting yeast cells with 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a clinical glycolysis inhibitor that has been proposed as an anti-cancer treatment, significantly increased chromatin instability. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that in yeast cells lacking HXK2, alternative HXKs such as HXK1 or glucokinase 1 (GLK1) play a role in supporting glycolysis at a level that adequately maintains epigenomic stability. While our study demonstrated an increase in epigenetic instability with 2-DG treatment, the observed effect seemed to occur dependent on non-glycolytic function of Hxk2. Thus, additional research is needed to identify the molecular mechanism through which 2-DG influences chromatin stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasu Karri
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
| | - Quinn Dickinson
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
| | - Jing Jia
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
| | - Haiyun Gan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhiquan Wang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Yibin Deng
- Department of Urology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Chuanhe Yu
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, 55912, USA.
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Su Y, Li Z, Li Q, Guo X, Zhang H, Li Y, Meng Z, Huang S, Hu Z. Oncofetal TRIM71 drives liver cancer carcinogenesis through remodeling CEBPA-mediated serine/glycine metabolism. Theranostics 2024; 14:4948-4966. [PMID: 39267787 PMCID: PMC11388079 DOI: 10.7150/thno.99633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Tumor cells remodel transcriptome to construct an ecosystem with stemness features, which maintains tumor growth and highly malignant characteristics. However, the core regulatory factors involved in this process still need to be further discovered. Methods: Single cell RNA-sequncing (scRNA-seq) and bulk RNA-sequencing profiles derived from fetal liver, normal liver, liver tumors, and their adjacent samples were collected to analyze the ecosystem of liver cancer. Mouse models were established to identify molecular functions of oncofetal-related oncogenes using hydrodynamic tail vein injection. Results: We found that liver cancer rebuilt oncofetal ecosystem to maintain malignant features. Interestingly, we identified a group of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that were highly overexpressed with oncofetal features. Among them, TRIM71 was specifically expressed in liver cancers and was associated with poor outcomes. TRIM71 drove the carcinogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and knockdown of TRIM71 significantly abolished liver cancer cell proliferation. Mechanistically, TRIM71 formed a protein complex with IGF2BP1, bound to and stabilized the mRNA of CEBPA in an m6A-dependent manner, enhance the serine/glycine metabolic pathway, and ultimately promoted liver cancer progression. Furthermore, we identified that all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) combined with e1A binding protein p300 (EP300) inhibitor A-485 repressed TRIM71, attenuated glycine/serine metabolism, and inhibited liver cancer cell proliferation with high TRIM71 levels. Conclusions: We demonstrated the oncofetal status in liver cancer and highlighted the crucial role of TRIM71 and provided potential therapeutic strategies and liver cancer-specific biomarker for liver cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Su
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziteng Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Guo
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hena Zhang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Meng
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenglin Huang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixiang Hu
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Zhao X, Zhu X, Tao H, Zou H, Cao J, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Zhu Y, Li Q, Li M. Liquidambaric acid inhibits the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by targeting PPARα-RXRα to down-regulate fatty acid metabolism. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 490:117042. [PMID: 39067772 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.117042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignant tumor of the liver. As the global obesity rate rises, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the most rapidly increasing cause of HCC. Consequently, the regulation of lipid metabolism has become a crucial target for the prevention and treatment of HCC. Liquidambaric acid (LDA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound derived from various plants, exhibits diverse biological activities. We found that LDA could inhibit HCC cell proliferation by arresting cell cycle and prompting apoptosis. Additionally, LDA can augment the therapeutic efficacy of Regorafenib in HCC in vitro and vivo. Our study utilized transcriptome analysis, luciferase reporter assays, and co-immunocoprecipitation experiments to elucidate the anti-HCC mechanism of LDA. We discovered that LDA disrupts the formation of the PPARα-RXRα heterodimer, leading to the down-regulation of the ACSL4 gene and subsequently impacting the fatty acid metabolism of HCC cells, ultimately inhibiting HCC proliferation. Our research contributes to the identification of novel therapeutic agents and targets for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyun Zhao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, Sichuan, China; Cancer Institute of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinping Zhu
- Cancer Institute of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Honglei Tao
- Anesthesiology Department, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongling Zou
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, Sichuan, China; Cancer Institute of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jili Cao
- Cancer Institute of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Cancer Institute of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang, China; Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310059, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ziru Zhang
- Cancer Institute of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang, China; Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310059, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhu
- Cancer Institute of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qun Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, Sichuan, China.
| | - Mingqian Li
- Cancer Institute of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang, China; Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310059, Zhejiang, China.
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Yuan L, Jiang H, Jia Y, Liao Y, Shao C, Zhou Y, Li J, Liao Y, Huang H, Pan Y, Wen W, Zhao X, Chen L, Jing X, Pan C, Wang W, Yao S, Zhang C. Fatty Acid Oxidation Supports Lymph Node Metastasis of Cervical Cancer via Acetyl-CoA-Mediated Stemness. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308422. [PMID: 38520724 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells supports the energy and metabolic demands during tumor metastasis. However, the metabolic alterations underlying lymph node metastasis (LNM) of cervical cancer (CCa) have not been well recognized. In the present study, it is found that lymphatic metastatic CCa cells have reduced dependency on glucose and glycolysis but increased fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Inhibition of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A (CPT1A) significantly compromises palmitate-induced cell stemness. Mechanistically, FAO-derived acetyl-CoA enhances H3K27 acetylation (H3K27Ac) modification level in the promoter of stemness genes, increasing stemness and nodal metastasis in the lipid-rich nodal environment. Genetic and pharmacological loss of CPT1A function markedly suppresses the metastatic colonization of CCa cells in tumor-draining lymph nodes. Together, these findings propose an effective method of cancer therapy by targeting FAO in patients with CCa and lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hongye Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yan Jia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuandong Liao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Caixia Shao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yijia Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yan Liao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuwen Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Weijia Wen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xueyuan Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Linna Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xu Jing
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17165, Sweden
| | - Chaoyun Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shuzhong Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China
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8
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Lu R, Hong J, Fu T, Zhu Y, Tong R, Ai D, Wang S, Huang Q, Chen C, Zhang Z, Zhang R, Guo H, Li B. Loss of OVOL2 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Promotes Fatty Acid Oxidation Fueling Stemness Characteristics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308945. [PMID: 38627980 PMCID: PMC11199980 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, has a poor prognosis and lacks effective treatment strategies. Here, the study discovered that TNBC shows a decreased expression of epithelial transcription factor ovo-like 2 (OVOL2). The loss of OVOL2 promotes fatty acid oxidation (FAO), providing additional energy and NADPH to sustain stemness characteristics, including sphere-forming capacity and tumor initiation. Mechanistically, OVOL2 not only suppressed STAT3 phosphorylation by directly inhibiting JAK transcription but also recruited histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) to STAT3, thereby reducing the transcriptional activation of downstream genes carnitine palmitoyltransferase1 (CPT1A and CPT1B). PyVT-Ovol2 knockout mice develop a higher number of primary breast tumors with accelerated growth and increased lung-metastases. Furthermore, treatment with FAO inhibitors effectively reduces stemness characteristics of tumor cells, breast tumor initiation, and metastasis, especially in OVOL2-deficient breast tumors. The findings suggest that targeting JAK/STAT3 pathway and FAO is a promising therapeutic strategy for OVOL2-deficient TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruipeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress BiologySchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361104China
| | - Jingjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress BiologySchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361104China
| | - Tong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress BiologySchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361104China
| | - Yu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress BiologySchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361104China
| | - Ruiqi Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress BiologySchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361104China
| | - Di Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress BiologySchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361104China
| | - Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress BiologySchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361104China
| | - Qingsong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress BiologySchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361104China
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Academy of Biomedical EngineeringKunming Medical UniversityKunming650500China
- The Third Affiliated HospitalKunming Medical UniversityKunming650118China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- Department of Breast SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamen361009China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Xiamen Cell Therapy Research CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversitySchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamen361003China
| | - Huiling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress BiologySchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361104China
| | - Boan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress BiologySchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361104China
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9
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Chen XJ, Bai YT, Xie JR, Zhou G. Lipid droplets' functional protein caveolin-2 is associated with lipid metabolism-related molecule FABP5 and EMT marker E-cadherin in oral epithelial dysplasia. J Clin Pathol 2024; 77:330-337. [PMID: 36854623 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2022-208673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To explore the accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs) and its relationship with lipid metabolism, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the carcinogenesis processes in the oral cavity. METHODS LDs were stained by oil red O. Forty-eight oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC), 78 oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and 25 normal tissue sections were included to explore the LDs surface protein caveolin-2 and perilipin-3, lipid metabolism-related molecule FABP5 and EMT biomarker E-cadherin expression by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS The accumulation of LDs was observed in OPMDs and OSCCs compared with normal tissues (p<0.05). In general, an increasing trend of caveolin-2, perilipin-3 and FABP5 expression was detected from the normal to OPMDs to OSCC groups (p<0.05). Additionally, caveolin-2, perilipin-3 and FABP5 expression were positively correlated with epithelial dysplasia in OPMDs, whereas E-cadherin positivity was negatively correlated with histopathological grade in both OPMDs and OSCC, respectively. A negative correlation of caveolin-2 (p<0.01, r =-0.1739), and FABP5 (p<0.01, r =-0.1880) with E-cadherin expression was detected. The caveolin-2 (p<0.0001, r=0.2641) and perilipin-3 (p<0.05, r=0.1408) staining was positively correlated with FABP5. Increased caveolin-2 expression was related to local recurrence and worse disease-free survival (p<0.05). CONCLUSION In the oral epithelial carcinogenesis process, LDs begin to accumulate early in the precancerous stage. LDs may be the regulator of FABP5-associated lipid metabolism and may closely related to the process of EMT; caveolin-2 could be the main functional protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jie Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Ting Bai
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji-Rong Xie
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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10
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Liao M, Yao D, Wu L, Luo C, Wang Z, Zhang J, Liu B. Targeting the Warburg effect: A revisited perspective from molecular mechanisms to traditional and innovative therapeutic strategies in cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:953-1008. [PMID: 38487001 PMCID: PMC10935242 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer reprogramming is an important facilitator of cancer development and survival, with tumor cells exhibiting a preference for aerobic glycolysis beyond oxidative phosphorylation, even under sufficient oxygen supply condition. This metabolic alteration, known as the Warburg effect, serves as a significant indicator of malignant tumor transformation. The Warburg effect primarily impacts cancer occurrence by influencing the aerobic glycolysis pathway in cancer cells. Key enzymes involved in this process include glucose transporters (GLUTs), HKs, PFKs, LDHs, and PKM2. Moreover, the expression of transcriptional regulatory factors and proteins, such as FOXM1, p53, NF-κB, HIF1α, and c-Myc, can also influence cancer progression. Furthermore, lncRNAs, miRNAs, and circular RNAs play a vital role in directly regulating the Warburg effect. Additionally, gene mutations, tumor microenvironment remodeling, and immune system interactions are closely associated with the Warburg effect. Notably, the development of drugs targeting the Warburg effect has exhibited promising potential in tumor treatment. This comprehensive review presents novel directions and approaches for the early diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients by conducting in-depth research and summarizing the bright prospects of targeting the Warburg effect in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minru Liao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dahong Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Lifeng Wu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chaodan Luo
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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11
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Karri S, Dickinson Q, Jia J, Gan H, Wang Z, Deng Y, Yu C. The Role of Hexokinases in Epigenetic Regulation: Altered Hexokinase Expression and Chromatin Stability in Yeast. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3899124. [PMID: 38352584 PMCID: PMC10862943 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3899124/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Background . Human hexokinase 2 ( HK2 ) plays an important role in regulating Warburg effect, which metabolizes glucose to lactate acid even in the presence of ample oxygen and provides intermediate metabolites to support cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth. HK2 overexpression has been observed in various types of cancers and targeting HK2 -driven Warburg effect has been suggested as a potential cancer therapeutic strategy. Given that epigenetic enzymes utilize metabolic intermediates as substrates or co-factors to carry out post-translational modification of DNA and histones in cells, we hypothesized that altering HK2 expression-mediated cellular glycolysis rates could impact the epigenome and, consequently, genome stability in yeast. To test this hypothesis, we established genetic models with different yeast hexokinase 2 ( HXK2) expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells and investigated the effect of HXK2 -dependent metabolism on parental nucleosome transfer, a key DNA replication-coupled epigenetic inheritance process, and chromatin stability. Results . By comparing the growth of mutant yeast cells carrying single deletion of hxk1Δ , hxk2Δ , or double-loss of hxk1Δ hxk2Δ to wild-type cells, we demonstrated that HXK2 is the dominant HXK in yeast cell growth. Surprisingly, manipulating HXK2 expression in yeast, whether through overexpression or deletion, had only a marginal impact on parental nucleosome assembly, but a noticeable trend with decrease chromatin instability. However, targeting yeast cells with 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a HK2 inhibitor that has been proposed as an anti-cancer treatment, significantly increased chromatin instability. Conclusion . Our findings suggest that in yeast cells lacking HXK2 , alternative HXK s such as HXK1 or glucokinase 1 ( GLK1 ) play a role in supporting glycolysis at a level that adequately maintain epigenomic stability. While our study demonstrated an increase in epigenetic instability with 2-DG treatment, the observed effect seemed to occur independently of Hxk2-mediated glycolysis inhibition. Thus, additional research is needed to identify the molecular mechanism through which 2-DG influences chromatin stability.
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12
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Song Y, Li X, Wu H, Xu Y, Jin D, Ping S, Jia J, Han C. RNF183 Promotes Colon Cancer Cell Stemness through Fatty Acid Oxidation. Nutr Cancer 2024; 76:215-225. [PMID: 38044546 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2023.2286700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Colon cancer (COAD) is a prevalent gastrointestinal tumor, composed of a few cancer stem cells (CSCs). High expression of RNF183 drives colorectal cancer metastasis, but its role in COAD cell stemness is still unclear. Bioinformatics analyzed expression and enriched pathway of RNF183 in COAD tissue. IHC analyzed RNF183 protein expression in tumor tissue. CD133 + CD44+ CSCs were sorted by flow cytometry, and RNF183 expression in COAD cells or CSCs was detected by qPCR, western blot and immunofluorescence. CCK-8 assay assessed cell viability, and sphere formation assay tested cell sphere-forming ability. Western blot measured protein expression of stem cell markers. qPCR assayed expression of fatty acid oxidation genes. The ability of fatty acid oxidation was analyzed by detecting fatty acid metabolism. RNF183 was highly expressed in COAD and CD133 + CD44+ CSCs, and was enriched in fatty acid metabolism pathway. RNF183 expression was positively correlated with enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation. RNF183 could promote COAD stemness and fatty acid oxidation. Rescue experiments showed that Orlistat (a fatty acid oxidation inhibitor) reversed stimulative impact of RNF183 overexpression on COAD stemness. RNF183 promoted COAD stemness by affecting fatty acid oxidation, which may be a new therapeutic target for inhibiting COAD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingming Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- The First Clinical College, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Huiping Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Elderly Nursing Home YingKang, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanjun Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Dayi Jin
- The First Clinical College, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Shimin Ping
- Department of Medical Oncology, Elderly Nursing Home YingKang, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Junling Jia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Elderly Nursing Home YingKang, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Chao Han
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
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Lin J, Zhang P, Liu W, Liu G, Zhang J, Yan M, Duan Y, Yang N. A positive feedback loop between ZEB2 and ACSL4 regulates lipid metabolism to promote breast cancer metastasis. eLife 2023; 12:RP87510. [PMID: 38078907 PMCID: PMC10712958 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism plays a critical role in cancer metastasis. However, the mechanisms through which metastatic genes regulate lipid metabolism remain unclear. Here, we describe a new oncogenic-metabolic feedback loop between the epithelial-mesenchymal transition transcription factor ZEB2 and the key lipid enzyme ACSL4 (long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4), resulting in enhanced cellular lipid storage and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) to drive breast cancer metastasis. Functionally, depletion of ZEB2 or ACSL4 significantly reduced lipid droplets (LDs) abundance and cell migration. ACSL4 overexpression rescued the invasive capabilities of the ZEB2 knockdown cells, suggesting that ACSL4 is crucial for ZEB2-mediated metastasis. Mechanistically, ZEB2-activated ACSL4 expression by directly binding to the ACSL4 promoter. ACSL4 binds to and stabilizes ZEB2 by reducing ZEB2 ubiquitination. Notably, ACSL4 not only promotes the intracellular lipogenesis and LDs accumulation but also enhances FAO and adenosine triphosphate production by upregulating the FAO rate-limiting enzyme CPT1A (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 isoform A). Finally, we demonstrated that ACSL4 knockdown significantly reduced metastatic lung nodes in vivo. In conclusion, we reveal a novel positive regulatory loop between ZEB2 and ACSL4, which promotes LDs storage to meet the energy needs of breast cancer metastasis, and identify the ZEB2-ACSL4 signaling axis as an attractive therapeutic target for overcoming breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Pingping Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Guorong Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Min Yan
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Yuyou Duan
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine, South China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Na Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
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14
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Gao J, Zhang Z, Dong X, Zhao J, Peng Z, Zhang L, Xu Z, Xu L, Wang X, Guo X. Traumatic acid inhibits ACSL4 associated lipid accumulation in adipocytes to attenuate high-fat diet-induced obesity. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23278. [PMID: 37902573 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301166r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major health concern that lacks effective intervention strategies. Traumatic acid (TA) is a potent wound-healing agent in plants, considered an antioxidant food ingredient. This study demonstrated that TA treatment significantly reduced lipid accumulation in human adipocytes and prevented high-fat diet induced obesity in zebrafish. Transcriptome sequencing revealed TA-activated fatty acid (FA) degradation and FA metabolism signaling pathways. Moreover, western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that TA inhibited the expression of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase-4 (ACSL4). Overexpression of ACSL4 resulted in the reversal of TA beneficiary effects, indicating that the attenuated lipid accumulation of TA was regulated by ACSL4 expression. Limited proteolysis-mass spectrometry and microscale thermophoresis were then used to confirm hexokinase 2 (HK2) as a direct molecular target of TA. Thus, we demonstrated the molecular basis of TA in regulating lipid accumulation and gave the first evidence that TA may function through the HK2-ACSL4 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Gao
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of General Practice, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongxiao Zhang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohua Dong
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhou Peng
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongqing Xu
- Department of General Practice, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liling Xu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingyun Wang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xirong Guo
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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15
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Ding K, Liu C, Li L, Yang M, Jiang N, Luo S, Sun L. Acyl-CoA synthase ACSL4: an essential target in ferroptosis and fatty acid metabolism. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:2521-2537. [PMID: 37442770 PMCID: PMC10617883 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Long-chain acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) synthase 4 (ACSL4) is an enzyme that esterifies CoA into specific polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid and adrenic acid. Based on accumulated evidence, the ACSL4-catalyzed biosynthesis of arachidonoyl-CoA contributes to the execution of ferroptosis by triggering phospholipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis is a type of programmed cell death caused by iron-dependent peroxidation of lipids; ACSL4 and glutathione peroxidase 4 positively and negatively regulate ferroptosis, respectively. In addition, ACSL4 is an essential regulator of fatty acid (FA) metabolism. ACSL4 remodels the phospholipid composition of cell membranes, regulates steroidogenesis, and balances eicosanoid biosynthesis. In addition, ACSL4-mediated metabolic reprogramming and antitumor immunity have attracted much attention in cancer biology. Because it facilitates the cross-talk between ferroptosis and FA metabolism, ACSL4 is also a research hotspot in metabolic diseases and ischemia/reperfusion injuries. In this review, we focus on the structure, biological function, and unique role of ASCL4 in various human diseases. Finally, we propose that ACSL4 might be a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyue Ding
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Chongbin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Na Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Shilu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
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16
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Jiang C, Zhu Y, Chen H, Lin J, Xie R, Li W, Xue J, Chen L, Chen X, Xu S. Targeting c-Jun inhibits fatty acid oxidation to overcome tamoxifen resistance in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:653. [PMID: 37803002 PMCID: PMC10558541 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06181-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Tamoxifen-based endocrine therapy remains a major adjuvant therapy for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer (BC). However, many patients develop tamoxifen resistance, which results in recurrence and poor prognosis. Herein, we show that fatty acid oxidation (FAO) was activated in tamoxifen-resistant (TamR) ER-positive BC cells by performing bioinformatic and functional studies. We also reveal that CPT1A, the rate-limiting enzyme of FAO, was significantly overexpressed and that its enzymatic activity was enhanced in TamR cells. Mechanistically, the transcription factor c-Jun was activated by JNK kinase-mediated phosphorylation. Activated c-Jun bound to the TRE motif in the CPT1A promoter to drive CPT1A transcription and recruited CBP/P300 to chromatin, catalysing histone H3K27 acetylation to increase chromatin accessibility, which ensured more effective transcription of CPT1A and an increase in the FAO rate, eliminating the cytotoxic effects of tamoxifen in ER-positive BC cells. Pharmacologically, inhibiting CPT1A enzymatic activity with the CPT1 inhibitor etomoxir or blocking c-Jun phosphorylation with a JNK inhibitor restored the tamoxifen sensitivity of TamR cells. Clinically, high levels of phosphorylated c-Jun and CPT1A were observed in ER-positive BC tissues in patients with recurrence after tamoxifen therapy and were associated with poor survival. These results indicate that the assessment and targeting of the JNK/c-Jun-CPT1A-FAO axis will provide promising insights for clinical management, increased tamoxifen responses and improved outcomes for ER-positive BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cen Jiang
- Central Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 350001, Fuzhou, China
| | - Youzhi Zhu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 350005, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 350212, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huaying Chen
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 350005, Fuzhou, China
| | - Junyu Lin
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 350005, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ruiwang Xie
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 350005, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 350005, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiajie Xue
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 350005, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 350212, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 350005, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 350212, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiangjin Chen
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 350005, Fuzhou, China.
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 350212, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Sunwang Xu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 350005, Fuzhou, China.
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 350212, Fuzhou, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, Fuzhou, China.
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Yang T, Liang N, Zhang J, Bai Y, Li Y, Zhao Z, Chen L, Yang M, Huang Q, Hu P, Wang Q, Zhang H. OCTN2 enhances PGC-1α-mediated fatty acid oxidation and OXPHOS to support stemness in hepatocellular carcinoma. Metabolism 2023; 147:155628. [PMID: 37315888 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells plays a vital role in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 (OCTN2), a sodium-ion dependent carnitine transporter and a sodium-ion independent tetraethylammonium (TEA) transporter, has been reported to contribute tumor malignancies and metabolic dysregulation in renal and esophageal carcinoma. However, the role of lipid metabolism deregulation mediated by OCTN2 in HCC cells has not been clarified. METHODS Bioinformatics analyses and immunohistochemistry assay were employed to identify OCTN2 expression in HCC tissues. The correlation between OCTN2 expression and prognosis was elucidated through K-M survival analysis. The expression and function of OCTN2 were examined via the assays of western blotting, sphere formation, cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The mechanism of OCTN2-mediated HCC malignancies was investigated through RNA-seq and metabolomic analyses. Furthermore, xenograft tumor models based on HCC cells with different OCTN2 expression levels were conducted to analyze the tumorigenic and targetable role of OCTN2 in vivo. RESULTS We found that gradually focused OCTN2 was significantly upregulated in HCC and tightly associated with poor prognosis. Additionally, OCTN2 upregulation promoted HCC cells proliferation and migration in vitro and augmented the growth and metastasis of HCC. Moreover, OCTN2 promoted the cancer stem-like properties of HCC by increasing fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation. Mechanistically, PGC-1α signaling participated in the HCC cancer stem-like properties mediated by OCTN2 overexpression, which is confirmed by in vitro and in vivo analyses. Furthermore, OCTN2 upregulation may be transcriptionally activated by YY1 in HCC. Particularly, treatment with mildronate, an inhibitor of OCTN2, showed a therapeutic influence on HCC in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that OCTN2 plays a critical metabolic role in HCC cancer stemness maintenance and HCC progression, providing evidence for OCTN2 as a promising target for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of Pain Treatment, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Ning Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The 75th Group Army Hospital, Dali 671000, China; Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yaxing Bai
- Department of Dermatology, XiJing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Yuedan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Zifeng Zhao
- Department of Pain Treatment, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Liusheng Chen
- Clinical Research Center, The 75th Group Army Hospital, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The 75th Group Army Hospital, Dali 671000, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Clinical Research Center, The 75th Group Army Hospital, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China
| | - Pan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the 920 Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese PLA, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
| | - Hongxin Zhang
- Department of Pain Treatment, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China; Department of Intervention Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China.
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18
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Song J, Li H, Liu Y, Li X, Shi Q, Lei Q, Hu W, Huang S, Chen Z, He X. Aldolase A Accelerates Cancer Progression by Modulating mRNA Translation and Protein Biosynthesis via Noncanonical Mechanisms. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302425. [PMID: 37431681 PMCID: PMC10502857 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Aldolase A (ALDOA), a crucial glycolytic enzyme, is often aberrantly expressed in various types of cancer. Although ALDOA has been reported to play additional roles beyond its conventional enzymatic role, its nonmetabolic function and underlying mechanism in cancer progression remain elusive. Here, it is shown that ALDOA promotes liver cancer growth and metastasis by accelerating mRNA translation independent of its catalytic activity. Mechanistically, ALDOA interacted with insulin- like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) to facilitate its binding to m6 A-modified eIF4G mRNA, thereby increasing eIF4G protein levels and subsequently enhancing overall protein biosynthesis in cells. Importantly, administration of GalNAc-conjugated siRNA targeting ALDOA effectively slows the tumor growth of orthotopic xenografts. Collectively, these findings uncover a previously unappreciated nonmetabolic function of ALDOA in modulating mRNA translation and highlight the potential of specifically targeting ALDOA as a prospective therapeutic strategy in liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjiao Song
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Hongquan Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Xinrong Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Qili Shi
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Qun‐Ying Lei
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Weiguo Hu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Shenglin Huang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Zhiao Chen
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in ShanghaiFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Xianghuo He
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in ShanghaiFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
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19
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Chen F, Kang R, Liu J, Tang D. The ACSL4 Network Regulates Cell Death and Autophagy in Diseases. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:864. [PMID: 37372148 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism, cell death, and autophagy are interconnected processes in cells. Dysregulation of lipid metabolism can lead to cell death, such as via ferroptosis and apoptosis, while lipids also play a crucial role in the regulation of autophagosome formation. An increased autophagic response not only promotes cell survival but also causes cell death depending on the context, especially when selectively degrading antioxidant proteins or organelles that promote ferroptosis. ACSL4 is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of long-chain acyl-CoA molecules, which are important intermediates in the biosynthesis of various types of lipids. ACSL4 is found in many tissues and is particularly abundant in the brain, liver, and adipose tissue. Dysregulation of ACSL4 is linked to a variety of diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular disease, acute kidney injury, and metabolic disorders (such as obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease). In this review, we introduce the structure, function, and regulation of ACSL4; discuss its role in apoptosis, ferroptosis, and autophagy; summarize its pathological function; and explore the potential implications of targeting ACSL4 in the treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangquan Chen
- DAMP Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jiao Liu
- DAMP Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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20
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García-Dorival I, Cuesta-Geijo MÁ, Galindo I, Del Puerto A, Barrado-Gil L, Urquiza J, Alonso C. Elucidation of the Cellular Interactome of African Swine Fever Virus Fusion Proteins and Identification of Potential Therapeutic Targets. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051098. [PMID: 37243184 DOI: 10.3390/v15051098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) encodes more than 150 proteins, most of them of unknown function. We used a high-throughput proteomic analysis to elucidate the interactome of four ASFV proteins, which potentially mediate a critical step of the infection cycle, the fusion and endosomal exit of the virions. Using affinity purification and mass spectrometry, we were able to identify potential interacting partners for those ASFV proteins P34, E199L, MGF360-15R and E248R. Representative molecular pathways for these proteins were intracellular and Golgi vesicle transport, endoplasmic reticulum organization, lipid biosynthesis, and cholesterol metabolism. Rab geranyl geranylation emerged as a significant hit, and also Rab proteins, which are crucial regulators of the endocytic pathway and interactors of both p34 and E199L. Rab proteins co-ordinate a tight regulation of the endocytic pathway that is necessary for ASFV infection. Moreover, several interactors were proteins involved in the molecular exchange at ER membrane contacts. These ASFV fusion proteins shared interacting partners, suggesting potential common functions. Membrane trafficking and lipid metabolism were important categories, as we found significant interactions with several enzymes of the lipid metabolism. These targets were confirmed using specific inhibitors with antiviral effect in cell lines and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel García-Dorival
- Departmento de Biotecnología, INIA-CSIC, Centro Nacional Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Ctra. de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Cuesta-Geijo
- Departmento de Biotecnología, INIA-CSIC, Centro Nacional Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Ctra. de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Galindo
- Departmento de Biotecnología, INIA-CSIC, Centro Nacional Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Ctra. de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Del Puerto
- Departmento de Biotecnología, INIA-CSIC, Centro Nacional Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Ctra. de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Barrado-Gil
- Departmento de Biotecnología, INIA-CSIC, Centro Nacional Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Ctra. de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Urquiza
- Departmento de Biotecnología, INIA-CSIC, Centro Nacional Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Ctra. de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Covadonga Alonso
- Departmento de Biotecnología, INIA-CSIC, Centro Nacional Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Ctra. de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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21
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Kouroumalis E, Tsomidis I, Voumvouraki A. Pathogenesis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Interplay of Apoptosis and Autophagy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1166. [PMID: 37189787 PMCID: PMC10135776 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a multifactorial process that has not yet been fully investigated. Autophagy and apoptosis are two important cellular pathways that are critical for cell survival or death. The balance between apoptosis and autophagy regulates liver cell turnover and maintains intracellular homeostasis. However, the balance is often dysregulated in many cancers, including HCC. Autophagy and apoptosis pathways may be either independent or parallel or one may influence the other. Autophagy may either inhibit or promote apoptosis, thus regulating the fate of the liver cancer cells. In this review, a concise overview of the pathogenesis of HCC is presented, with emphasis on new developments, including the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress, the implication of microRNAs and the role of gut microbiota. The characteristics of HCC associated with a specific liver disease are also described and a brief description of autophagy and apoptosis is provided. The role of autophagy and apoptosis in the initiation, progress and metastatic potential is reviewed and the experimental evidence indicating an interplay between the two is extensively analyzed. The role of ferroptosis, a recently described specific pathway of regulated cell death, is presented. Finally, the potential therapeutic implications of autophagy and apoptosis in drug resistance are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Kouroumalis
- Department of Gastroenterology, PAGNI University Hospital, University of Crete School of Medicine, 71500 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Crete Medical School, 71500 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tsomidis
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Crete Medical School, 71500 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, 54621 Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece
| | - Argyro Voumvouraki
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, 54621 Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece
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22
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Xu YC, Pantopoulos K, Zheng H, Zito E, Zhao T, Tan XY, Wei XL, Song YF, Luo Z. Phosphorus Overload Promotes Hepatic Lipolysis by Suppressing GSK3β-Dependent Phosphorylation of PPARα at Ser84 and Thr265 in a Freshwater Teleost. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:2351-2361. [PMID: 36728683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Excessive phosphorus (Pi) contributes to eutrophication in an aquatic environment, which threatens human and fish health. However, the mechanisms by which Pi overload influences aquatic animals remain largely unexplored. In the present study, Pi supplementation increased the Pi content, inhibited lipid accumulation and lipogenesis, and stimulated lipolysis in the liver. Pi supplementation increased the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 β (GSK3β) at serine 9 (S9) but inhibited the phosphorylation of GSK3α at tyrosine 279 (Y279), GSK3β at tyrosine 216 (Y216), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) at serine 84 (S84) and threonine 265 (T265). Pi supplementation also upregulated PPARα protein expression and stimulated its transcriptional activity, thereby inducing lipolysis. Pi suppressed GSK3β activity and prevented GSK3β, but not GSK3α, from interacting with PPARα, which in turn alleviated PPARα phosphorylation. GSK3β-induced phosphorylation of PPARα was dependent on GSK3β S9 dephosphorylation rather than Y216 phosphorylation. Mechanistically, underphosphorylation of PPARα mediated Pi-induced lipid degradation through transcriptionally activating adipose triglyceride lipase (atgl) and very long-chain-specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (acadvl). Collectively, our findings uncovered a new mechanism by which Pi facilitates lipolysis via the GSK3β-PPARα pathway and highlighted the importance of S84 and T265 phosphorylation in PPARα action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chuang Xu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kostas Pantopoulos
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Hua Zheng
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ester Zito
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Tao Zhao
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Tan
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Wei
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yu-Feng Song
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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23
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Zhang Y, Li W, Bian Y, Li Y, Cong L. Multifaceted roles of aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in hepatocellular carcinoma. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14797. [PMID: 36748090 PMCID: PMC9899054 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is a common malignancy with high morbidity and mortality rates. Changes in liver metabolism are key factors in the development of primary hepatic carcinoma, and mitochondrial dysfunction is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumours. Accordingly, the study of the metabolic mechanism of mitochondria in primary hepatic carcinomas has gained increasing attention. A growing body of research suggests that defects in mitochondrial respiration are not generally responsible for aerobic glycolysis, nor are they typically selected during tumour evolution. Conversely, the dysfunction of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) may promote the proliferation, metastasis, and invasion of primary hepatic carcinoma. This review presents the current paradigm of the roles of aerobic glycolysis and OXPHOS in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Mitochondrial OXPHOS and cytoplasmic glycolysis cooperate to maintain the energy balance in HCC cells. Our study provides evidence for the targeting of mitochondrial metabolism as a potential therapy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenhuan Li
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Bian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Cong
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China,Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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24
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Liu X, Fang X, Lu L, Liu G. Prognostic significance and immune landscape of a fatty acid metabolism-related gene signature in colon adenocarcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:996625. [PMID: 36568396 PMCID: PMC9780302 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.996625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fatty acid metabolism (FAM), as a hallmark of caner, plays important roles in tumor initiation and carcinogenesis. However, the significance of fatty acid metabolism-related genes in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) are largely unknown. Methods: RNA sequencing data and clinical information were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were utilized to construct a fatty acid metabolism-related gene signature. Kaplan-Meier survival and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were used to verify the performance of this signature. GEO datasets were applied to validate the signature. Maftools package was utilized to analyze the mutation profiles of this signature. Correlation between the risk signature and stemness scores was compared by RNA stemness score (RNAss). Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and gene set variation analysis (GSVA) were performed to explore the potential functions and signaling pathways. Immune landscape of the signature was explored by analyzing different immune cells infiltration, immune functions and microsatellite instability. A nomogram was constructed by combining the risk signature and multiple clinical factors. Expression levels and prognostic values of the risk genes were revealed in the cancer genome atlas and GEO databases. Moreover, the expression the risk genes were measured in cell lines using real time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Results: Eight fatty acid metabolism-related genes (CD36, ENO3, MORC2, PTGR1, SUCLG2, ELOVL3, ELOVL6 and CPT2) were used to construct a risk signature. This signature demonstrated better prognostic value than other clinicopathological parameters, with AUC value was 0.734 according to the cancer genome atlas database. There was negative correlation between the riskscore and RNA stemness score. The patients in the high-risk group demonstrated higher infiltration of M0 macrophages, and less infiltration of activated CD4 memory T cells and Eosinophils. There were more MSI patients in the high-risk group than those in the low-risk group (38% vs. 30%). The risk scores of patients in the MSI group were slightly higher than those in the microsatellite stability group. Gene ontology, kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes and gene set variation analysis enrichment analyses showed that several metabolism-related functions and signaling pathways were enriched. A nomogram showed good predictive capability of the signature. Moreover, qRT-PCR revealed upregulated expression of ENO3, MORC2, SUCLG2 and ELOVL6, and downregulated expression of CPT2 in all examined colon adenocarcinoma cell lines. Conclusion: This study provided novel insights into a fatty acid metabolism-related signature in the prognosis an immune landscape of colon adenocarcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lin Lu
- *Correspondence: Guolong Liu, ; Lin Lu,
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25
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ACSL3 and ACSL4, Distinct Roles in Ferroptosis and Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235896. [PMID: 36497375 PMCID: PMC9739553 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The long-chain fatty acyl CoA synthetase (ACSLs) family of enzymes contributes significantly to lipid metabolism and produces acyl-coenzyme A by catalyzing fatty acid oxidation. The dysregulation of ACSL3 and ACSL4, which belong to the five isoforms of ACSLs, plays a key role in cancer initiation, development, metastasis, and tumor immunity and may provide several possible therapeutic strategies. Moreover, ACSL3 and ACSL4 are crucial for ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic cell death triggered by the accumulation of membrane lipid peroxides due to iron overload. Here, we present a summary of the current knowledge on ACSL3 and ACSL4 and their functions in various cancers. Research on the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of ferroptosis is critical to developing targeted therapies for cancer.
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26
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Ten Years of CRISPRing Cancers In Vitro. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235746. [PMID: 36497228 PMCID: PMC9738354 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell lines have always constituted a good investigation tool for cancer research, allowing scientists to understand the basic mechanisms underlying the complex network of phenomena peculiar to the transforming path from a healthy to cancerous cell. The introduction of CRISPR in everyday laboratory activity and its relative affordability greatly expanded the bench lab weaponry in the daily attempt to better understand tumor biology with the final aim to mitigate cancer's impact in our lives. In this review, we aim to report how this genome editing technique affected in the in vitro modeling of different aspects of tumor biology, its several declinations, and analyze the advantages and drawbacks of each of them.
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27
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Deng S, Chen B, Huo J, Liu X. Therapeutic potential of NR4A1 in cancer: Focus on metabolism. Front Oncol 2022; 12:972984. [PMID: 36052242 PMCID: PMC9424640 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.972984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a vital hallmark of cancer, and it provides the necessary energy and biological materials to support the continuous proliferation and survival of tumor cells. NR4A1 is belonging to nuclear subfamily 4 (NR4A) receptors. NR4A1 plays diverse roles in many tumors, including melanoma, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, and hepatocellular cancer, to regulate cell growth, apoptosis, metastasis. Recent reports shown that NR4A1 exhibits unique metabolic regulating effects in cancers. This receptor was first found to mediate glycolysis via key enzymes glucose transporters (GLUTs), hexokinase 2 (HK2), fructose phosphate kinase (PFK), and pyruvate kinase (PK). Then its functions extended to fatty acid synthesis by modulating CD36, fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), glutamine by Myc, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and hypoxia-inducible factors alpha (HIF-1α), respectively. In addition, NR4A1 is involving in amino acid metabolism and tumor immunity by metabolic processes. More and more NR4A1 ligands are found to participate in tumor metabolic reprogramming, suggesting that regulating NR4A1 by novel ligands is a promising approach to alter metabolism signaling pathways in cancer therapy. Basic on this, this review highlighted the diverse metabolic roles of NR4A1 in cancers, which provides vital references for the clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Deng
- Third School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Materials Science and Devices Institute, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiege Huo
- Third School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Liu, ; Jiege Huo,
| | - Xin Liu
- Third School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Liu, ; Jiege Huo,
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