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Zheng W, Peng W, Qian F, Zhang M, Duan B, Fan Z, Xie Y, Fu X. Vitamin D suppresses CD133+/CD44 + cancer stem cell stemness by inhibiting NF-κB signaling and reducing NLRP3 expression in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2024:10.1007/s00280-024-04660-w. [PMID: 38456956 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-024-04660-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the role of Vitamin D (VD) in regulating the stemness and survival of CD133+/CD44 + breast cancer stem cells, and to explore the role of NLRP3 in this process. METHODS Breast cancer tissues were collected for RXRα and VDR expression analysis. A triple-negative breast cancer cell line was cultured and stem-like cells (CD133 + CD44+) isolated using flow cytometry. These cells were treated with VD, analyzing their stem-like properties, apoptosis and proliferation, as well as P65 nuclear expression and NLRP3 expression. After NLRP3 inflammasome activator treatment, the parameters were reassessed. RXRα and VDR interaction was confirmed using co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP). Finally, a subcutaneous xenograft model of triple-negative breast cancer was treated with VD and subsequently analyzed for stem-like properties, proliferation, apoptosis, and NLRP3 expression levels. RESULTS CD133+/CD44 + stem cells expressed high levels of SOX2 and OCT4. VD treatment resulted in a significant decrease in SOX2 and OCT4 expression, fewer sphere-forming colonies, lower proliferation ability, and more apoptosis. Additionally, VD treatment inhibited NF-κB signaling and reduced NLRP3 expression. The NLRP3 activator BMS-986,299 counteracted the effects of VD in vitro. In vivo, VD inhibited the growth of breast cancer stem cells, reducing both tumor volume and weight, and decreased NLRP3, SOX2, and OCT4 expression within tumor tissues. CONCLUSION Findings elucidate that VD mediates the modulation of stemness in CD133+/CD44 + breast cancer stem cells through the regulation of NLRP3 expression. The research represents novel insights on the implications for the application of VD in cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), 29 Bulan Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518112, PR China.
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), 29 Bulan Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518112, PR China
| | - Fuyong Qian
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), 29 Bulan Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518112, PR China
| | - Mingshuai Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), 29 Bulan Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518112, PR China
| | - Bofeng Duan
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), 29 Bulan Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518112, PR China
| | - Zhifeng Fan
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), 29 Bulan Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518112, PR China
| | - Yi Xie
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), 29 Bulan Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518112, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Fu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), 29 Bulan Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518112, PR China
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Yao X, Xu K, Tao N, Cheng S, Chen H, Zhang D, Yang M, Tan M, Yu H, Chen P, Zhan Z, He S, Li R, Wang C, Wu D, Ren J. ZNF148 inhibits HBV replication by downregulating RXRα transcription. Virol J 2024; 21:35. [PMID: 38297280 PMCID: PMC10832224 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02291-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can result in cirrhosis, hepatocellular cancer, and chronic hepatitis. While antiviral drugs that are now on the market are efficient in controlling HBV infection, finding a functional cure is still quite difficult. Identifying host factors involved in regulating the HBV life cycle will contribute to the development of new antiviral strategies. Zinc finger proteins have a significant function in HBV replication, according to earlier studies. Zinc finger protein 148 (ZNF148), a zinc finger transcription factor, regulates the expression of various genes by specifically binding to GC-rich sequences within promoter regions. The function of ZNF148 in HBV replication was investigated in this study. METHODS HepG2-Na+/taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (HepG2-NTCP) cells and Huh7 cells were used to evaluate the function of ZNF148 in vitro. Northern blotting and real-time PCR were used to quantify the amount of viral RNA. Southern blotting and real-time PCR were used to quantify the amount of viral DNA. Viral protein levels were elevated, according to the Western blot results. Dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to examine the transcriptional activity of viral promoters. ZNF148's impact on HBV in vivo was investigated using an established rcccDNA mouse model. RESULTS ZNF148 overexpression significantly decreased the levels of HBV RNAs and HBV core DNA in HBV-infected HepG2-NTCP cells and Huh7 cells expressing prcccDNA. Silencing ZNF148 exhibited the opposite effects in both cell lines. Furthermore, ZNF148 inhibited the activity of HBV ENII/Cp and the transcriptional activity of cccDNA. Mechanistic studies revealed that ZNF148 attenuated retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRα) expression by binding to the RXRα promoter sequence. RXRα binding site mutation or RXRα overexpression abolished the suppressive effect of ZNF148 on HBV replication. The inhibitory effect of ZNF148 was also observed in the rcccDNA mouse model. CONCLUSIONS ZNF148 inhibited HBV replication by downregulating RXRα transcription. Our findings reveal that ZNF148 may be a new target for anti-HBV strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Yao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chong Yi Building, 1 YiXueYuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Kexin Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chong Yi Building, 1 YiXueYuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Nana Tao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengtao Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chong Yi Building, 1 YiXueYuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Huajian Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Dapeng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chong Yi Building, 1 YiXueYuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Minli Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chong Yi Building, 1 YiXueYuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ming Tan
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chong Yi Building, 1 YiXueYuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Haibo Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chong Yi Building, 1 YiXueYuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Peng Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chong Yi Building, 1 YiXueYuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zongzhu Zhan
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chong Yi Building, 1 YiXueYuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Siyi He
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chong Yi Building, 1 YiXueYuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ranran Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chong Yi Building, 1 YiXueYuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chunduo Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chong Yi Building, 1 YiXueYuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Daiqing Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chong Yi Building, 1 YiXueYuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Jihua Ren
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chong Yi Building, 1 YiXueYuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Ye X, Yang Y, Yao J, Wang M, Liu Y, Xie G, Zeng Z, Zhang XK, Zhou H. Nuclear receptor RXRα binds the precursor of miR-103 to inhibit its maturation. BMC Biol 2023; 21:197. [PMID: 37735649 PMCID: PMC10512521 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01701-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The maturation of microRNAs (miRNAs) successively undergoes Drosha, Dicer, and Argonaute -mediated processing, however, the intricate regulations of the individual miRNA maturation are largely unknown. Retinoid x receptor alpha (RXRα) belongs to nuclear receptors that regulate gene transcription by binding to DNA elements, however, whether RXRα binds to miRNAs to exert physiological functions is not known. RESULTS In this work, we found that RXRα directly binds to the precursor of miR-103 (pre-miR-103a-2) via its DNA-binding domain with a preferred binding sequence of AGGUCA. The binding of RXRα inhibits the processing of miR-103 maturation from pre-miR-103a-2. Mechanistically, RXRα prevents the nuclear export of pre-miR-103a-2 for further processing by inhibiting the association of exportin-5 with pre-miR-103a-2. Pathophysiologically, the negative effect of RXRα on miR-103 maturation correlates to the positive effects of RXRα on the expression of Dicer, a target of miR-103, and on the inhibition of breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our findings unravel an unexpected role of transcription factor RXRα in specific miRNA maturation at post-transcriptional level through pre-miRNA binding, and present a mechanistic insight regarding RXRα role in breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
- High Throughput Drug Screening Platform, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Yun Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Jiayue Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Mo Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Yixin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Guobin Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Zhiping Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
- High Throughput Drug Screening Platform, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Xiao-Kun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
- High Throughput Drug Screening Platform, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China.
- High Throughput Drug Screening Platform, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China.
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Zhao HN, Thomas SP, Zylka MJ, Dorrestein PC, Hu W. Urine Excretion, Organ Distribution, and Placental Transfer of 6PPD and 6PPD-Quinone in Mice and Potential Developmental Toxicity through Nuclear Receptor Pathways. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:13429-13438. [PMID: 37642336 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The rubber antioxidant 6PPD has gained significant attention due to its highly toxic transformation product, 6PPD-quinone (6PPDQ). Despite their detection in urines of pregnant women, the placental transfer and developmental toxicity of 6PPD and 6PPDQ are unknown. Here, we treated C57Bl/6 mice with 4 mg/kg 6PPD or 6PPDQ to investigate their urine excretion and placental transfer. Female and male mice exhibited sex difference in excretion profiles of 6PPD and 6PPDQ. Urine concentrations of 6PPDQ were one order of magnitude lower than those of 6PPD, suggesting lower excretion and higher bioaccumulation of 6PPDQ. In pregnant mice treated with 6PPD or 6PPDQ from embryonic day 11.5 to 15.5, 6PPDQ showed ∼1.5-8 times higher concentrations than 6PPD in placenta, embryo body, and embryo brain, suggesting higher placental transfer of 6PPDQ. Using in vitro dual-luciferase reporter assays, we revealed that 6PPDQ activated the human retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) and retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) at concentrations as low as 0.3 μM, which was ∼10-fold higher than the concentrations detected in human urines. 6PPD activated the RXRα at concentrations as low as 1.2 μM. These results demonstrate the exposure risks of 6PPD and 6PPDQ during pregnancy and emphasize the need for further toxicological and epidemiological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqi Nina Zhao
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Sydney P Thomas
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Mark J Zylka
- University of North Carolina Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Wenxin Hu
- University of North Carolina Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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Ma L, Shao M, Cheng W, Jiang J, Chen X, Tan N, Ling G, Yang Y, Wang Q, Yang R, Li C, Wang Y. Neocryptotanshinone ameliorates insufficient energy production in heart failure by targeting retinoid X receptor alpha. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114868. [PMID: 37201263 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRα) is a nuclear transcription factor that extensively regulates energy metabolism in cardiovascular diseases. Identification of targeted RXRα drugs for heart failure (HF) therapy is urgently needed. Neocryptotanshinone (NCTS) is a component derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, the effect and mechanism of which for treating HF have not been reported. The goal of this study was to explore the pharmacological effects of NCTS on energy metabolism to protect against HF post-acute myocardial infarction (AMI) via RXRα. We established a left anterior descending artery ligation-induced HF post-AMI model in mice and an oxygen-glucose deprivation-reperfusion-induced H9c2 cell model to investigate the cardioprotective effect of NCTS. Component-target binding techniques, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), microscale thermophoresis (MST) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection were applied to explore the potential mechanism by which NCTS targets RXRα. The results showed that NCTS protects the heart against ischaemic damage, evidenced by improvement of cardiac dysfunction and attenuation of cellular hypoxic injury. Importantly, the SPR and MST results showed that NCTS has a high binding affinity for RXRα. Meanwhile, the critical downstream target genes of RXRα/PPARα, which are involved in fatty acid metabolism, including Cd36 and Cpt1a, were upregulated under NCTS treatment. Moreover, NCTS enhanced TFAM levels, promoted mitochondrial biogenesis and increased myocardial adenosine triphosphate levels by activating RXRα. In conclusion, we confirmed that NCTS improves myocardial energy metabolism, including fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis, by regulating the RXRα/PPARα pathway in mice with HF post-AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mingyan Shao
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wenkun Cheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jinchi Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xu Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Nannan Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guanjing Ling
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ye Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ran Yang
- Guang'anmen Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Chun Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Formula, Beijing 100029, China; Key Laboratory of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China.
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Chen J, Zhao T, He F, Zhong Y, Wang S, Tang Z, Qiu Y, Wu Z, Fang M. Discovery of bipyridine amide derivatives targeting p RXRα-PLK1 interaction for anticancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 254:115341. [PMID: 37058970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRα) is an important therapeutic target of cancer. Recently, small molecules (e.g.,XS-060 and its derivatives), which can significantly induce RXRα-dependent mitotic arrest by inhibiting pRXRα-PLK1 interaction, have been demonstrated as excellent anticancer agents. To further obtain novel RXR-targeted antimitotic agents with excellent bioactivity and drug-like properties, we herein synthesized two new series of bipyridine amide derivatives with XS-060 as the lead compound. In the reporter gene assay, most synthesized compounds showed antagonistic activity against RXRα. The most active compound, bipyridine amide B9 (BPA-B9), showed better activity than XS-060, with excellent RXRα-binding affinity (KD = 39.29 ± 1.12 nM) and anti-proliferative activity against MDA-MB-231 (IC50 = 16 nM, SI > 3). Besides, a docking study revealed a proper fitting of BPA-B9 into the coactivator binding site of RXRα, rationalizing its potent antagonistic effect on RXRα transactivation. Further, the mechanism studies revealed that the anticancer activity of BPA-B9 was dependent on its cellular RXRα-targeted mechanism, such as inhibiting pRXRα-PLK1 interaction and inducing RXRα-dependent mitotic arrest. Besides, BPA-B9 displayed better pharmacokinetics than the lead XS-060. Further, animal assays indicated BPA-B9 had significant anticancer efficacy in vivo with no considerable side effects. Together, our study reveals a novel RXRα ligand BPA-B9 targeting the pRXRα-PLK1 interaction, with great potential as a promising anticancer drug candidate for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Taige Zhao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Fengming He
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yijing Zhong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Susu Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Ziqing Tang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yingkun Qiu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Meijuan Fang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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7
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Jin Y, Lu Y, Lin L, Liu C, Ma X, Chen X, Zhou Z, Hu Z, Pu J, Chen G, Deng Q, Jiang L, Li Y, Zhao Y, Wang H, Fu J, Li W, Zhu S. Harnessing endogenous transcription factors directly by small molecules for chemically induced pluripotency inception. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2215155120. [PMID: 37192170 PMCID: PMC10214147 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2215155120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemistry-alone approach has recently been applied for incepting pluripotency in somatic cells, representing a breakthrough in biology. However, chemical reprogramming is hampered by low efficiency, and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Particularly, chemical compounds do not have specific DNA-recognition domains or transcription regulatory domains, and then how do small molecules work as a driving force for reinstating pluripotency in somatic cells? Furthermore, how to efficiently clear materials and structures of an old cell to prepare the rebuilding of a new one? Here, we show that small molecule CD3254 activates endogenous existing transcription factor RXRα to significantly promote mouse chemical reprogramming. Mechanistically, CD3254-RXRα axis can directly activate all the 11 RNA exosome component genes (Exosc1-10 and Dis3) at transcriptional level. Unexpectedly, rather than degrading mRNAs as its substrates, RNA exosome mainly modulates the degradation of transposable element (TE)-associated RNAs, particularly MMVL30, which is identified as a new barrier for cell-fate determination. In turn, MMVL30-mediated inflammation (IFN-γ and TNF-α pathways) is reduced, contributing to the promotion of successful reprogramming. Collectively, our study provides conceptual advances for translating environmental cues into pluripotency inception, particularly, identifies that CD3254-RXRα-RNA exosome axis can promote chemical reprogramming, and suggests modulation of TE-mediated inflammation via CD3254-inducible RNA exosome as important opportunities for controlling cell fates and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Life Sciences Institute and School of Medicine, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Yunkun Lu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Life Sciences Institute and School of Medicine, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Lianyu Lin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Life Sciences Institute and School of Medicine, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
| | - Xiaojie Ma
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Life Sciences Institute and School of Medicine, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Xi Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Life Sciences Institute and School of Medicine, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Ziyu Zhou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Life Sciences Institute and School of Medicine, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Zhensheng Hu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Life Sciences Institute and School of Medicine, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Jiaqi Pu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Life Sciences Institute and School of Medicine, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310052, China
| | - Guo Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Life Sciences Institute and School of Medicine, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Qian Deng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Life Sciences Institute and School of Medicine, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Liling Jiang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Life Sciences Institute and School of Medicine, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Yuhan Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Life Sciences Institute and School of Medicine, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Yulong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Hangzhou Women’s Hospital, Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310008, China
| | - Junfen Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310052, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
| | - Saiyong Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Life Sciences Institute and School of Medicine, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
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8
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Zhang HF, Liu HM, Xiang JY, Zhou XC, Wang D, Chen RY, Tan WL, Liang LQ, Liu LL, Shi MJ, Zhang F, Xiao Y, Zhou YX, Zhang T, Tang L, Guo B, Wang YY. Alpha lipoamide inhibits diabetic kidney fibrosis via improving mitochondrial function and regulating RXRα expression and activation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:1051-1065. [PMID: 36347997 PMCID: PMC10104876 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown mitochondrial dysfunction in various acute kidney injuries and chronic kidney diseases. Lipoic acid exerts potent effects on oxidant stress and modulation of mitochondrial function in damaged organ. In this study we investigated whether alpha lipoamide (ALM), a derivative of lipoic acid, exerted a renal protective effect in a type 2 diabetes mellitus mouse model. 9-week-old db/db mice were treated with ALM (50 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.g) for 8 weeks. We showed that ALM administration did not affect blood glucose levels in db/db mice, but restored renal function and significantly improved fibrosis of kidneys. We demonstrated that ALM administration significantly ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction and tubulointerstitial fibrotic lesions, along with increased expression of CDX2 and CFTR and decreased expression of β-catenin and Snail in kidneys of db/db mice. Similar protective effects were observed in rat renal tubular epithelial cell line NRK-52E cultured in high-glucose medium following treatment with ALM (200 μM). The protective mechanisms of ALM in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) were further explored: Autodock Vina software predicted that ALM could activate RXRα protein by forming stable hydrogen bonds. PROMO Database predicted that RXRα could bind the promoter sequences of CDX2 gene. Knockdown of RXRα expression in NRK-52E cells under normal glucose condition suppressed CDX2 expression and promoted phenotypic changes in renal tubular epithelial cells. However, RXRα overexpression increased CDX2 expression which in turn inhibited high glucose-mediated renal tubular epithelial cell injury. Therefore, we reveal the protective effect of ALM on DKD and its possible potential targets: ALM ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction and regulates the CDX2/CFTR/β-catenin signaling axis through upregulation and activation of RXRα. Schematic figure illustrating that ALM alleviates diabetic kidney disease by improving mitochondrial function and upregulation and activation of RXRα, which in turn upregulated CDX2 to exert an inhibitory effect on β-catenin activation and nuclear translocation. RTEC renal tubular epithelial cell. ROS Reactive oxygen species. RXRα Retinoid X receptor-α. Mfn1 Mitofusin 1. Drp1 dynamic-related protein 1. MDA malondialdehyde. 4-HNE 4-hydroxynonenal. T-SOD Total-superoxide dismutase. CDX2 Caudal-type homeobox transcription factor 2. CFTR Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. EMT epithelial mesenchymal transition. α-SMA Alpha-smooth muscle actin. ECM extracellular matrix. DKD diabetic kidney disease. Schematic figure was drawn by Figdraw ( www.figdraw.com ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Hui-Ming Liu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jia-Yi Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xing-Cheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Rong-Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Wan-Lin Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Lu-Qun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Ling-Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Ming-Jun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yu-Xia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Lei Tang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Bing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wang
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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Sadeghi H, Hashemnia V, Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad E, Ghasemi MR, Mirfakhraie R. Correlated downregulation of VDR and CYP3A4 in colorectal cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:1385-91. [PMID: 36469261 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08141-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evidence obtained from experimental studies suggests the tumor-suppressive effects of vitamin D by controlling the differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis in cancerous cells. Furthermore, the deregulation of genes involved in vitamin D metabolism has been reported in several types of cancer. METHODS In the present study, we investigated the expression level of vitamin D metabolic pathway genes, including VDR, CYP3A4, RXRα, and GC, in colorectal cancer (CRC) samples compared with the adjacent tissues by using quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS The results indicated significant downregulation of CYP3A4 and VDR genes in CRC tissues compared with the adjacent control tissues (p < 0.01). RXRA and GC expression levels did not show any significant alteration among the studied samples. Moreover, a positive correlation was observed between the expression level of CYP3A4 and VDR genes (p < 0.0001). ROC curve analysis also revealed the potential diagnostic power of CYP3A4 and VDR genes in CRC samples. CONCLUSION Reduction in the expression of both CYP3A4 and VDR plays an important role in CRC due to the possible impairment in vitamin D metabolism. Further studies concerning the relationship between the expression of these genes and colorectal cancer pathogenesis and treatment are recommended.
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Chen X, Liu T, Wang Q, Wang H, Xue S, Jiang Q, Li J, Li C, Wang W, Wang Y. Synergistic Effects of Ginsenoside Rb3 and Ferruginol in Ischemia-Induced Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36555577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research shows that ginsenoside Rb3 (G-Rb3) exhibit significant protective effects on cardiomyocytes and is considered a promising treatment for myocardial infraction (MI). However, how to improve its oral bioavailability and reduce its dosage remains to be studied. Previous studies suggest that Ferruginol (FGL) may have synergistic effects with G-Rb3. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be explored. In this study, left anterior descending branch (LAD) coronary artery ligation or oxygen-glucose deprivation-reperfusion (OGD/R) were used to establish MI models in vivo and in vitro. Subsequently, the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of G-Rb3-FGL were explored by in vitro studies. The results showed that the G-Rb3-FGL co-treatment improved heart functions better than the G-Rb3 treatment alone in MI mice models. Meanwhile, the G-Rb3-FGL co-treatment can upregulate fatty acids oxidation (FAO) and suppress oxidative stress in the heart tissues of MI mice. In vitro studies demonstrated that the synergistic effect of G-Rb3-FGL on FAO, oxidation and inflammation was abolished by RXRα inhibitor HX531 in the H9C2 cell model. In summary, we revealed that G-Rb3 and FGL have a synergistic effect against MI. They protected cardiomyocytes by promoting FAO, inhibiting oxidative stress, and suppressing inflammation through the RXRα-Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Yan J, Feng Y, Fang X, Cui X, Xia X, Li F, Luo W, Liang J, Feng J, Yu K. Anti-liver fibrosis effects of the total flavonoids of litchi semen on CCl 4-induced liver fibrosis in rats associated with the upregulation of retinol metabolism. Pharm Biol 2022; 60:1264-1277. [PMID: 35787093 PMCID: PMC9262366 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2086584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The litchi semen are traditional medications for treating liver fibrosis (LF) in China. The mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the anti-liver fibrotic mechanism of the total flavonoids of litchi semen (TFL). MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced LF were treated with TFL (50 and 100 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. The anti-liver fibrotic effects of TFL were evaluated and the underlying mechanisms were investigated via histopathological analysis, proteomic analysis and molecular biology technology. RESULTS Significant anti-LF effects were observed in the high-TFL-dose group (TFL-H, p < 0.05). Five hundred and eighty-five and 95 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in the LF rat model (M group) and TFL-H group, respectively. The DEPs were significantly enriched in the retinol metabolism pathway (p < 0.0001). The content of 9-cis-retinoic acid (0.93 ± 0.13 vs. 0.66 ± 0.10, p < 0.05, vs. the M group) increased significantly in the TFL-H group. The upregulation of RXRα (0.50 ± 0.05 vs. 0.27 ± 0.13 protein, p < 0.05), ALDH2 (1.24 ± 0.09 vs. 1.04 ± 0.08 protein, p < 0.05), MMP3 (0.89 ± 0.02 vs. 0.61 ± 0.12 protein, p < 0.05), Aldh1a7 (0.20 ± 0.03 vs. 0.03 ± 0.00 mRNA, p < 0.05) and Aox3 (0.72 ± 0.14 vs. 0.05 ± 0.01 mRNA, p < 0.05) after TFL treatment was verified. CONCLUSIONS TFL exhibited good anti-liver fibrotic effects, which may be related to the upregulation of the retinol metabolism pathway. TFL may be promising anti-LF agents with potential clinical application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiongyi Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- School of Health, Wuzhou Vocational College, Wuzhou, China
| | - Yinyi Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Xuewan Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaojuan Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Xing Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Fang Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Weisheng Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jianqin Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jianfang Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Kai Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Vernia S, Lee A, Kennedy NJ, Han MS, Isasa M, Cavanagh-Kyros J, Roy A, Syed A, Chaudhry S, Edwards YJK, Gygi SP, Gao G, Davis RJ. Phosphorylation of RXRα mediates the effect of JNK to suppress hepatic FGF21 expression and promote metabolic syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2210434119. [PMID: 36282921 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2210434119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cJun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway in the liver promotes systemic changes in metabolism by regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα)-dependent expression of the hepatokine fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). Hepatocyte-specific gene ablation studies demonstrated that the Mapk9 gene (encoding JNK2) plays a key mechanistic role. Mutually exclusive inclusion of exons 7a and 7b yields expression of the isoforms JNK2α and JNK2β. Here we demonstrate that Fgf21 gene expression and metabolic regulation are primarily regulated by the JNK2α isoform. To identify relevant substrates of JNK2α, we performed a quantitative phosphoproteomic study of livers isolated from control mice, mice with JNK deficiency in hepatocytes, and mice that express only JNK2α or JNK2β in hepatocytes. We identified the JNK substrate retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) as a protein that exhibited JNK2α-promoted phosphorylation in vivo. RXRα functions as a heterodimeric partner of PPARα and may therefore mediate the effects of JNK2α signaling on Fgf21 expression. To test this hypothesis, we established mice with hepatocyte-specific expression of wild-type or mutated RXRα proteins. We found that the RXRα phosphorylation site Ser260 was required for suppression of Fgf21 gene expression. Collectively, these data establish a JNK-mediated signaling pathway that regulates hepatic Fgf21 expression.
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Zhang L, Yan J, Liu J, Meng C, Liu F, Xia C. Panaxytriol upregulates CYP3A4 expression based on the interaction of PXR, CAR, HSP90α, and RXRα. Phytomedicine 2022; 101:154097. [PMID: 35417848 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) is one of the most important drug-metabolizing enzymes in the human body, mainly existing in the liver, small intestine, and kidney. Panaxytriol is one of the key active components in red ginseng and Shenmai injection. Our previous study demonstrated that panaxytriol regulates CYP3A4 expression mainly by activating pregnancy X receptor (PXR). At a high concentration of panaxytriol (80 μM), the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) is also involved in the upregulation of CYP3A4. PURPOSE This study investigated how the cofactors heat shock protein 90 alpha (HSP90α) and retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRα) interact with PXR and CAR to participate in the regulation of CYP3A4 by panaxytriol from the perspective of the PXR and CAR interaction. METHODS The mRNA and protein expressions of PXR, CAR, CYP3A4, RXRα, and HSP90α in HepG2 cells and Huh-7 cells were detected by quantitative PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. The binding levels of PXR and CAR to RXRα and HSP90α were determined by co-immunoprecipitation analysis. The nuclear translocation of PXR and RXRα into HepG2 cells and human (hCAR)-silenced HepG2 cells were measured by immunofluorescence. RESULTS In HepG2 cells and Huh-7 cells, panaxytriol (10-80 μM) upregulated CYP3A4 expression in a concentration-dependent manner by decreasing PXR binding to HSP90α and increasing PXR binding to RXRα. When hCAR was silenced, panaxytriol further enhanced CYP3A4 expression by strengthening PXR binding to RXRα, but it had no significant effect on the binding level of PXR and HSP90α. Additionally, at the high concentration of 80 μM panaxytriol, CAR binding to HSP90α was weakened while binding to RXRα was enhanced. CONCLUSION Panaxytriol can upregulate CYP3A4 expression by promoting PXR dissociation from HSP90α and enhancing PXR binding to RXRα in HepG2 cells and Huh-7 cells. At high concentrations of panaxytriol, CAR also participates in the induction of CYP3A4 through a similar mechanism. However, in general, CAR antagonizes PXR binding to RXRα, thereby attenuating the upregulation of CYP3A4 by panaxytriol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingming Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Bayi Road 461, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Jingdi Yan
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Bayi Road 461, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Jianming Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Bayi Road 461, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Chao Meng
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Bayi Road 461, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Fanglan Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Bayi Road 461, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Chunhua Xia
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Bayi Road 461, Nanchang 330006, PR China.
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Yagai T, Yan T, Luo Y, Takahashi S, Aibara D, Kim D, Brocker CN, Levi M, Motohashi H, Gonzalez FJ. Feedback repression of PPARα signaling by Let-7 microRNA. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109506. [PMID: 34380035 PMCID: PMC8424520 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) controls hepatic lipid homeostasis and is the target of lipid-lowering fibrate drugs. PPARα activation represses expression of let-7 microRNA (miRNA), but the function of let-7 in PPARα signaling and lipid metabolism is unknown. In the current study, a hepatocyte-specific let-7b/c2 knockout (let7b/c2ΔHep) mouse line is generated, and these mice are found to exhibit pronounced resistance to diet-induced obesity and fatty liver. Let-7 inhibition by hepatocyte-specific let-7 sponge expression shows similar phenotypes as let7b/c2ΔHep mice. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis reveals that hepatic PPARα signaling is repressed in let7b/c2ΔHep mice. Protein expression of the obligate PPARα heterodimer partner retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) is reduced in the livers of let7b/c2ΔHep mice. Ring finger protein 8 (Rnf8), which is a direct target of let-7, is elevated in let7b/c2ΔHep mouse liver and identified as a E3 ubiquitin ligase for RXRα. This study highlights a let-7-RNF8-RXRα regulatory axis that modulates hepatic lipid catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Yagai
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tingting Yan
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yuhong Luo
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shogo Takahashi
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Daisuke Aibara
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Donghwan Kim
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chad N Brocker
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Moshe Levi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Hozumi Motohashi
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Feng H, Yin Y, Zheng R, Kang J. Rosiglitazone ameliorated airway inflammation induced by cigarette smoke via inhibiting the M1 macrophage polarization by activating PPARγ and RXRα. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 97:107809. [PMID: 34182323 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rosiglitazone, an exogenous ligand of PPARγ, plays an important anti-inflammatory role during the inflammation caused by cigarette smoke (CS). CS exposure induces pulmonary inflammation via activating macrophage polarization. However, the effects of rosiglitazone on macrophage polarization induced by CS are unclear. METHODS 36 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control, CS and ROSI. In the CS group, rats were passively exposed to cigarette smoke for consecutive 3 months. In the ROSI group, rats were treated with rosiglitazone (3 mg/kg/day, ip) during CS exposure period. Alveolar macrophages of rats were isolated and cultured with CSE. The slices of lung tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The histomorphology was observed to evaluate emphysema and the pulmonary function was detected. Cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were examined and the expression of cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β was detected by ELISA and qPCR. The alveolar macrophage polarization was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry assay in vivo and by qPCR in vitro. The protein level of PPARγ and RXRα was measured by Western blot. RESULTS CS exposure induced significant emphysema, diminished FEV0.2/FVC, elevated PEF, and higher level of total cells, neutrophils and cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) in BALF compared with control group, whereas rosiglitazone partly ameliorated above disorders. CS exposure activated M1 and M2 macrophage polarization in vivo and in vitro, whereas rosiglitazone inhibited CS induced M1 macrophage polarization and decreased the ratio of M1/M2. The effects of rosiglitazone on macrophage polarization were partly blocked after AMs treated with the antagonists of PPARγ and RXRα, and were synergistically enhanced by the agonist of RXRα. CS exposure decreased the expression of PPARγ and RXRα in lung tissues and AMs, and rosiglitazone partly reversed CS-mediated suppression of PPARγ and RXRα. CONCLUSION Rosiglitazone ameliorated the emphysema and inflammation in lung tissues induced by CS exposure via inhibiting the M1 macrophage polarization through activating PPARγ and RXRα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoshen Feng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yan Yin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China.
| | - Rui Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
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Kilu W, Merk D, Steinhilber D, Proschak E, Heering J. Heterodimer formation with retinoic acid receptor RXRα modulates coactivator recruitment by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PPARγ. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100814. [PMID: 34081964 PMCID: PMC8258697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) activate transcription of target genes in response to binding of ligands to their ligand-binding domains (LBDs). Typically, in vitro assays use either gene expression or the recruitment of coactivators to the isolated LBD of the NR of interest to measure NR activation. However, this approach ignores that NRs function as homo- as well as heterodimers and that the LBD harbors the main dimerization interface. Cofactor recruitment is thereby interconnected with oligomerization status as well as ligand occupation of the partnering LBD through allosteric cross talk. Here we present a modular set of homogeneous time-resolved FRET-based assays through which we investigated the activation of PPARγ in response to ligands and the formation of heterodimers with its obligatory partner RXRα. We introduced mutations into the RXRα LBD that prevent coactivator binding but do not interfere with LBD dimerization or ligand binding. This enabled us to specifically detect PPARγ coactivator recruitment to PPARγ:RXRα heterodimers. We found that the RXRα agonist SR11237 destabilized the RXRα homodimer but promoted formation of the PPARγ:RXRα heterodimer, while being inactive on PPARγ itself. Of interest, incorporation of PPARγ into the heterodimer resulted in a substantial gain in affinity for coactivator CBP-1, even in the absence of ligands. Consequently, SR11237 indirectly promoted coactivator binding to PPARγ by shifting the oligomerization preference of RXRα toward PPARγ:RXRα heterodimer formation. These results emphasize that investigation of ligand-dependent NR activation should take NR dimerization into account. We envision these assays as the necessary assay tool kit for investigating NRs that partner with RXRα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Kilu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Merk
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Assay development and screening, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Assay development and screening, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jan Heering
- Assay development and screening, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt, Germany.
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17
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Tobón-Cornejo S, Vargas-Castillo A, Leyva-Martínez A, Ortíz V, Noriega LG, Velázquez-Villegas LA, Aleman G, Furosawa-Carballeda J, Torres N, Tovar AR. PPARα/ RXRα downregulates amino acid catabolism in the liver via interaction with HNF4α promoting its proteasomal degradation. Metabolism 2021; 116:154705. [PMID: 33422545 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The preservation of body proteins is essential to guarantee their functions in organisms. Therefore, the utilization of amino acids as energy substrates is regulated by a precise fine-tuned mechanism. Recent evidence suggests that the transcription factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α) are involved in this regulatory mechanism. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine how these transcription factors interact to regulate the expression of amino acid catabolism genes. In vivo studies using PPARα-knockout mice (Pparα-null) fed different amounts of dietary protein showed that in the absence of PPARα, there was a significant increase in HNF4α abundance in the liver, which corresponded with an increase in amino acid catabolizing enzyme (AACE) expression and the generation of increased amounts of postprandial urea. Moreover, this effect was proportional to the increase in dietary protein consumed. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that HNF4α can bind to the promoter of AACE serine dehydratase (SDS), an effect that was potentiated by dietary protein in the Pparα-null mice. The mechanistic studies revealed that the presence of retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRα) is essential to repress HNF4α activity in the presence of PPARα, and this interaction accelerates HNF4α degradation via the proteasome pathway. These results showed that PPARα can downregulate liver amino acid catabolism in the presence of RXRα by inhibiting HNF4α activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Tobón-Cornejo
- Department of Physiology of Nutrition, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México CDMX, Mexico
| | - Ariana Vargas-Castillo
- Department of Physiology of Nutrition, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México CDMX, Mexico
| | - Alekxa Leyva-Martínez
- Department of Physiology of Nutrition, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México CDMX, Mexico
| | - Victor Ortíz
- Department of Physiology of Nutrition, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México CDMX, Mexico
| | - Lilia G Noriega
- Department of Physiology of Nutrition, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México CDMX, Mexico
| | - Laura A Velázquez-Villegas
- Department of Physiology of Nutrition, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México CDMX, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Aleman
- Department of Physiology of Nutrition, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México CDMX, Mexico
| | - Janette Furosawa-Carballeda
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México CDMX, Mexico
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Department of Physiology of Nutrition, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México CDMX, Mexico
| | - Armando R Tovar
- Department of Physiology of Nutrition, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México CDMX, Mexico.
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Song J, Li Y, Zhao C, Zhou Q, Zhang J. Interaction of BDE-47 with nuclear receptors (NRs) based on the cytotoxicity: In vitro investigation and molecular interaction. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 208:111390. [PMID: 33049448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are endocrine-disrupting chemicals that possess neuroendocrine and reproductive toxicity to humans and disturb thyroid hormone homeostasis, neurobehavior, and development. The most predominant congener of PBDEs in humans and other organisms is 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47); however, the molecular mechanisms underlying its cytotoxicity remain largely unknown. Here, we evaluated the toxic effect and underlying mechanism of nuclear receptors (NRs) induced by BDE-47 in SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cells. The CCK-8 cell viability assay showed that the proliferation of human SK-N-SH cells exposed to BDE-47 was significantly inhibited in time- and dose-dependent manners, and flow cytometry showed that cell cycle was arrested at the S phase after BDE-47 exposure. Moreover, compared with the control group, the expression of retinoic acid receptor alpha (RXRα), pregnane X receptor (PXR), thyroid hormone receptors (TRs), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) at the mRNA and protein levels was significantly increased, as determined by quantitative PCR and western blot analysis, demonstrating that BDE-47 activated the NRs in vitro. Moreover, BDE-47 could bind to all four NRs in the affinity order of PPARγ > PXR > TRβ > RXRα under molecular dynamics. Because RXR is the promiscuous dimerization partner for a large number of NRs, ZDock was used to calculate its interaction with other three NRs. Taking the number of hydrogen bonds and ZDock scores into account, the rank of docking ability between RXRα and the NRs was PXR > TRβ > PPARγ. Further analysis of the interaction between BDE-47 and dimerized-NRs, the affinity order was RXRα > TRβ > PXR > PPARγ via Glide. The results of this study demonstrated that BDE-47 interfered the cross-talk among NRs, especially the promiscuous RXRα, which might be critical for the harmonized re-adjustment of cytotoxicity and biological regulation. Our findings provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying toxic effects and intermolecular interaction induced by BDE-47.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Song
- POPs Lab, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yunxiu Li
- POPs Lab, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chunyan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qunfang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- POPs Lab, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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19
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Xie G, Zhou Y, Tu X, Ye X, Xu L, Xiao Z, Wang Q, Wang X, Du M, Chen Z, Chi X, Zhang X, Xia J, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Li Z, Xie C, Sheng L, Zeng Z, Zhou H, Yin Z, Su Y, Xu Y, Zhang XK. Centrosomal Localization of RXRα Promotes PLK1 Activation and Mitotic Progression and Constitutes a Tumor Vulnerability. Dev Cell 2020; 55:707-722.e9. [PMID: 33321102 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRα), a nuclear receptor of transcription factor, controls various physiological and pathological pathways including cellular growth, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Here, we report that RXRα is phosphorylated at its N-terminal A/B domain by cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) at the onset of mitosis, triggering its translocation to the centrosome, where phosphorylated-RXRα (p-RXRα) interacts with polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) through its N-terminal A/B domain by a unique mechanism. The interaction promotes PLK1 activation, centrosome maturation, and mitotic progression. Levels of p-RXRα are abnormally elevated in cancer cell lines, during carcinogenesis in animals, and in clinical tumor tissues. An RXRα ligand XS060, which specifically inhibits p-RXRα/PLK1 interaction but not RXRα heterodimerization, promotes mitotic arrest and catastrophe in a tumor-specific manner. These findings unravel a transcription-independent action of RXRα at the centrosome during mitosis and identify p-RXRα as a tumor-specific vulnerability for developing mitotic drugs with improved therapeutic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobin Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Yuqi Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China; NucMito Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Xiamen 361101, Fujian, China
| | - Xuhuang Tu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaohong Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Lin Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Zhijian Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Qiqiang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Mingxuan Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Ziwen Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China; NucMito Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Xiamen 361101, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoqin Chi
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Ji Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Yunxia Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Zongxi Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Chengrong Xie
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, Fujian, China
| | - Luoyan Sheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Zhiping Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Zhenyu Yin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, Fujian, China
| | - Ying Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China; NucMito Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Xiamen 361101, Fujian, China
| | - Yang Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Xiao-Kun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China.
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Xiaodi L, Ming Y, Hongfei X, Yanjie Z, Ruoyi G, Ma X, Wei S, Guoying H. DNA methylation at CpG island shore and RXRα regulate NR2F2 in heart tissues of tetralogy of Fallot patients. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:1209-15. [PMID: 32819587 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.06.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 2 (NR2F2) gene encodes a ligand-inducible transcription factor involved in angiogenesis and heart development. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism of epigenetic regulation of NR2F2 in tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) development. In the present study, immunohistochemical staining showed that NR2F2 protein expression was significantly higher in the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) tissues of TOF cases compared with controls. The methylation status of the CpG island shore (CGIS) of the NR2F2 gene was decreased in TOF cases, and the CpG site 3 in the CGIS region of NR2F2 promoter was a differential methylation site. Furthermore, the methylation level of the CpG site 3 and the NR2F2 protein expression were significantly negatively correlated in TOF patients. In vitro functional analysis revealed that RXRα could upregulate the NR2F2 gene by directly binding to the CGIS in the NR2F2 promoter, while hypomethylation of the NR2F2 promoter via treatment with 5-azacytidine influenced the affinity of RXRα to its binding sites, as shown by ChIP-qPCR. These findings suggest that promoter hypomethylation activates NR2F2 by enhancing RXRα binding to NR2F2 CGIS in the development of TOF.
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Li J, Liu FW, Wu DB, Chen EQ, Chen XJ, Chen SC, Liu C, Zhao LS, Tang H, Zhou TY. TRAIL inhibits HBV replication and expression by down-regulating liver-enriched transcription factors. Arab J Gastroenterol 2020; 21:169-173. [PMID: 32732169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS To investigate the role of low-concentration TRAIL on HBV replication and expression. MATERIAL AND METHODS MTT assay was performed to determine the minimum concentrations of TRAIL protein in HepG2 cell apoptosis. HepG2 cells were transfected by HBV replication plasmid pHBV4.1. After the treatment with low concentration of TRAIL, the culture supernatant was collected to detect HBsAg and HBeAg by ELISA. Proteins were extracted from the resulted cells, followed by total RNA and HBV DNA intermediate replication. Southern Blot and Northern Blot were carried out to detect HBV RNA and HBV DNA replication intermediates, respectively. RT-PCR and Western Blot were carried out to detect gene and protein expressions for HNF4α, PPARα, and RXRα, respectively. RESULTS 50 ng/ml of TRAIL protein led to significant decline on the secretions of HBsAg and HBeAg. Expression levels of HBV RNA and HBV DNA replication intermediates were significantly decreased too. In addition, gene and protein expressions of HNF4α, PPARα and RXRα also dropped, especially for PPARα whose expressions significantly decreased. CONCLUSION TRAIL could inhibit HBV replication and expression by downregulating the expressions of liver-enriched transcription factors HNF4α, PPARα, and RXRα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041 China; Department of Infectious Diseases, People's Hospital of Pidu District, Chengdu 611700, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Fan-Wei Liu
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041 China
| | - Dong-Bo Wu
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041 China
| | - En-Qiang Chen
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041 China
| | - Xiang-Jun Chen
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041 China
| | - Shou-Chun Chen
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041 China
| | - Cong Liu
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041 China
| | - Lian-Shan Zhao
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041 China
| | - Hong Tang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041 China
| | - Tao-You Zhou
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041 China.
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Luo Y, Liang C, Liu Y, Liu X, Xu Y. RXRα and MRTF-A have a synergistic effect in the retinoic acid-induced neural-like differentiation of adult bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:1373-1381. [PMID: 32125053 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have multilineage differentiation potential and can transform into neuron cells under an appropriate environment. Retinoic acid (RA) facilitates the neuronal differentiation of MSCs. We found that RXRα, a RA receptor, was significantly upregulated in RA-induced process. Here, we show that RXRα collaborated with myocardin-related transcription factor-A (MRTF-A) to strongly promote the RA-induced process as evidenced by the increase in NF-H expression and NF-H promoter transcription activity. Our studies reveal that RXRα and MRTF-A exhibit protein interactions and synergistically inhibit the MSCs apoptosis by enhancing the P21 expression. Furthermore, RXRα and MRTF-A can activate P21 transcription by affecting the formation of the MRTF-A/RXRα/RARE complex. These findings reveal the important roles of RXRα and MRTF-A signaling in RA-induced neural-like differentiation of MSCs and describe a new mechanism underlying the synergistic interaction of RXRα and MRTF-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Luo
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Hubei Minzu University, No. 39 Xueyuan Road, Enshi, Hubei, 445000, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, No. 2 Huangjiahu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Hubei Minzu University, No. 39 Xueyuan Road, Enshi, Hubei, 445000, China
| | - Xiaopeng Liu
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Hubei Minzu University, No. 39 Xueyuan Road, Enshi, Hubei, 445000, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, No. 2 Huangjiahu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
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Yang X, Cai W, Sun X, Bi Y, Zeng C, Zhao X, Zhou Q, Xu T, Xie Q, Sun P, Zhou X. Defined host factors support HBV infection in non-hepatic 293T cells. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:2507-2518. [PMID: 31930674 PMCID: PMC7028854 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a human hepatotropic virus. However, HBV infection also occurs at extrahepatic sites, but the relevant host factors required for HBV infection in non-hepatic cells are only partially understood. In this article, a non-hepatic cell culture model is constructed by exogenous expression of four host genes (NTCP, HNF4α, RXRα and PPARα) in human non-hepatic 293T cells. This cell culture model supports HBV entry, transcription and replication, as evidenced by the detection of HBV pgRNA, HBV cccDNA, HBsAg, HBeAg, HBcAg and HBVDNA. Our results suggest that the above cellular factors may play a key role in HBV infection of non-hepatic cells. This model will facilitate the identification of host genes that support extrahepatic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Yang
- Stem Cell Research CenterShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- The Center for Reproductive MedicineShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular ImmunopathologyShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- Medical Research CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Weiwen Cai
- Stem Cell Research CenterShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- The Center for Reproductive MedicineShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular ImmunopathologyShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Xiaoyue Sun
- Stem Cell Research CenterShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- The Center for Reproductive MedicineShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular ImmunopathologyShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Yanwei Bi
- Stem Cell Research CenterShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- The Center for Reproductive MedicineShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular ImmunopathologyShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Chui Zeng
- Stem Cell Research CenterShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- The Center for Reproductive MedicineShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular ImmunopathologyShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - XiaoYu Zhao
- Stem Cell Research CenterShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- The Center for Reproductive MedicineShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular ImmunopathologyShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Qi Zhou
- Stem Cell Research CenterShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- The Center for Reproductive MedicineShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular ImmunopathologyShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Tian Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular ImmunopathologyShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Qingdong Xie
- Stem Cell Research CenterShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- The Center for Reproductive MedicineShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular ImmunopathologyShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Pingnan Sun
- Stem Cell Research CenterShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- The Center for Reproductive MedicineShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular ImmunopathologyShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Xiaoling Zhou
- Stem Cell Research CenterShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- The Center for Reproductive MedicineShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular ImmunopathologyShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
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Qiu D, Zhou M, Chen J, Wang G, Lin T, Huang Y, Yu F, Ding R, Sun C, Tian W, Chen H. Hyperelodiones A-C, monoterpenoid polyprenylated acylphoroglucinols from Hypericum elodeoides, induce cancer cells apoptosis by targeting RXRα. Phytochemistry 2020; 170:112216. [PMID: 31841782 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hyperelodiones A-C, three undescribed monoterpenoid polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols possessing 6/6/6 fused tricyclic core, were isolated from Hypericum elodeoides Choisy. Their gross structures were elucidated by HRESIMS and NMR data. The absolute configurations of hyperelodiones A-C were assigned by their calculated and compared electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra combined with their common biosynthetic origin. A fluorescence quenching assay suggested that hyperelodiones A-C could bind to RXRα-LBD, whereas hyperelodione C showed the strongest interaction with a KD of 12.81 μΜ. In addition, hyperelodiones A-C dose-dependently inhibited RXRα transactivation and the growth of HeLa and MCF-7 cells. Among them, hyperelodione C showed the most potent inhibitory activities and dose-dependent PARP cleavage. Molecular docking results suggested that hyperelodione C showed a different interaction mode compared with hyperelodione A and hyperelodione B. Thus, hyperelodione C can be considered as a promising lead compound for cancer therapy, which can bind to RXRα-LBD and induce HeLa and MCF-7 cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daren Qiu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Junjie Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Ting Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yujie Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Furong Yu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Rong Ding
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Cuiling Sun
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wenjing Tian
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Haifeng Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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25
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Jiang H, Li R, Zhang Z, Chang C, Liu Y, Liu Z, He Q, Wang Q. Retinoid X receptor α ( RXRα)-mediated erythroid-2-related factor-2 (NRF2) inactivation contributes to N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)-induced oxidative stress in HL-7702 and HuH6 cells. J Appl Toxicol 2019; 40:470-482. [PMID: 31875996 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) is a colorless industrial solvent that is frequently used for chemical reactions. Epidemiologic studies and clinical case reports have consistently indicated that the main toxic effect after exposure to DMF is hepatotoxicity. Previous studies have suggested that oxidative stress is the pivotal molecular event of DMF-mediated hepatotoxicity; however, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we found that DMF (0-150 mM) exposure induced an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and inhibited the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 (NRF2) in a dose-dependent manner. Subsequently, our research revealed that the elevated ROS levels and the decline in NRF2-mediated anti-oxidative response in HL-7702 and HuH6 cells might be due to the DMF-induced accumulation of retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) protein. Further investigation demonstrated that phosphorylation of the RXRα protein, which is mediated by the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), leads to the inhibition of RXRα protein degradation and in turn the accumulation of RXRα after DMF exposure. These findings provide information that improves our understanding of the role of RXRα in DMF-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruobi Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chong Chang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziqi Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianmei He
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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26
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Trümper V, von Knethen A, Preuß A, Ermilov E, Hackbarth S, Kuchler L, Gunne S, Schäfer A, Bornhütter T, Vereb G, Ujlaky-Nagy L, Brüne B, Röder B, Schindler M, Parnham MJ, Knape T. Flow cytometry-based FRET identifies binding intensities in PPARγ1 protein-protein interactions in living cells. Theranostics 2019; 9:5444-5463. [PMID: 31534496 PMCID: PMC6735382 DOI: 10.7150/thno.29367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PPARγ is a pharmacological target in inflammatory and metabolic diseases. Upon agonistic treatment or following antagonism, binding of co-factors is altered, which consequently affects PPARγ-dependent transactivation as well as its DNA-independent properties. Therefore, establishing techniques to characterize these interactions is an important issue in living cells. Methods: Using the FRET pair Clover/mRuby2, we set up a flow cytometry-based FRET assay by analyzing PPARγ1 binding to its heterodimerization partner RXRα. Analyses of PPARγ-reporter and co-localization studies by laser-scanning microscopy validated this system. Refining the system, we created a new readout to distinguish strong from weak interactions, focusing on PPARγ-binding to the co-repressor N-CoR2. Results: We observed high FRET in cells expressing Clover-PPARγ1 and mRuby2-RXRα, but no FRET when cells express a mRuby2-RXRα deletion mutant, lacking the PPARγ interaction domain. Focusing on the co-repressor N-CoR2, we identified in HEK293T cells the new splice variant N-CoR2-ΔID1-exon. Overexpressing this isoform tagged with mRuby2, revealed no binding to Clover-PPARγ1, nor in murine J774A.1 macrophages. In HEK293T cells, binding was even lower in comparison to N-CoR2 constructs in which domains established to mediate interaction with PPARγ binding are deleted. These data suggest a possible role of N-CoR2-ΔID1-exon as a dominant negative variant. Because binding to N-CoR2-mRuby2 was not altered following activation or antagonism of Clover-PPARγ1, we determined the effect of pharmacological treatment on FRET intensity. Therefore, we calculated flow cytometry-based FRET efficiencies based on our flow cytometry data. As with PPARγ antagonism, PPARγ agonist treatment did not prevent binding of N-CoR2. Conclusion: Our system allows the close determination of protein-protein interactions with a special focus on binding intensity, allowing this system to characterize the role of protein domains as well as the effect of pharmacological agents on protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Trümper
- Institute of Biochemistry I - Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Andreas von Knethen
- Institute of Biochemistry I - Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Annegret Preuß
- Department of Physics, Humboldt University Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eugeny Ermilov
- Department of Physics, Humboldt University Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffen Hackbarth
- Department of Physics, Humboldt University Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Kuchler
- Institute of Biochemistry I - Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Sandra Gunne
- Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Anne Schäfer
- Institute of Biochemistry I - Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Tobias Bornhütter
- Department of Physics, Humboldt University Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - György Vereb
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Lázló Ujlaky-Nagy
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I - Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Beate Röder
- Department of Physics, Humboldt University Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Schindler
- Institute of Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Karls University Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 6, 72076 Tübingen
| | - Michael J. Parnham
- Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Tilo Knape
- Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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Liu X, Tian W, Wang G, Xu Q, Zhou M, Gao S, Qiu D, Jiang X, Sun C, Ding R, Lin T, Chen H. Stigmastane-type steroids with unique conjugated Δ 7,9(11) diene and highly oxygenated side chains from the twigs of Vernonia amygdalina. Phytochemistry 2019; 158:67-76. [PMID: 30476898 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Veramyosides A-J, eleven undescribed stigmastane-type steroids, including one aglycone and ten glycosides, along with three known homologues were isolated from the twigs of Vernonia amygdalina Delile (compositae). All compounds featured a stigmastane-type steroid skeleton with a unique conjugated Δ7,9(11) diene segment and highly oxygenated side chains with a γ-lactone or an α, β-unsaturated five-membered lactone ring. The structures of veramyosides A-J and their absolute configurations were unambiguously elucidated by HR-ESI-MS, extensive NMR spectroscopy, in situ dimolybdenum CD methods, modified Mosher's method, quantum chemical calculation of their ECD curves, and CD comparison methods on basis of their biogenetic pathway. In addition, all isolates were investigated for their effects on RXRα transcription, and their effects on the NF-κB signaling pathway were also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhong Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Wenjing Tian
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Qiannan Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Shuo Gao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Daren Qiu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Cuiling Sun
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Rong Ding
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Ting Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China.
| | - Haifeng Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China.
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Wang X, Chong S, Lin H, Yan Z, Huang F, Zeng Z, Zhang X, Su Y. Discovery of atorvastatin as a tetramer stabilizer of nuclear receptor RXRα through structure-based virtual screening. Bioorg Chem 2019; 85:413-419. [PMID: 30665035 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRα), a central member of the nuclear receptor superfamily and a key regulator of many signal transduction pathways, has been an attractive drug target. We previously discovered that an N-terminally truncated form of RXRα can be induced by specific ligands to form homotetramers, which, as a result of conformational selection, forms the basis for inhibiting the nongenomic activation of RXRα. Here, we report the identification and characterization of atorvastatin as a new RXRα tetramer stabilizer by using structure-based virtual screening and demonstrate that virtual library screening can be used to aid in identifying RXRα ligands that can induce its tetramerization. In this study, docking was applied to screen the FDA-approved small molecule drugs in the DrugBank 4.0 collection. Two compounds were selected and purchased for testing. We showed that the selected atorvastatin could bind to RXRα to promote RXRα-LBD tetramerization. We also showed that atorvastatin possessed RXRα-dependent apoptotic effects. In addition, we used a chemical approach to aid in the studies of the binding mode of atorvastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Fujian 361002, China
| | - Shuyi Chong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Fujian 361002, China
| | - Huiyun Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Fujian 361002, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Fujian 361002, China
| | - Fengyu Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Fujian 361002, China
| | - Zhiping Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Fujian 361002, China
| | - Xiaokun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Fujian 361002, China; Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Ying Su
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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29
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Tinkov AA, Ajsuvakova OP, Skalnaya MG, Skalny AV, Aschner M, Suliburska J, Aaseth J. Organotins in obesity and associated metabolic disturbances. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 191:49-59. [PMID: 30458368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to review the mechanisms of organotin-induced adipogenesis, obesity, and associated metabolic disturbances. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) activation is considered as the key mechanism of organotin-induced adipogenesis. Particularly, organotin exposure results in increased adipogenesis both in cell and animal models. Moreover, transgenerational inheritance of organotin-induced obese phenotype was demonstrated in vivo. At the same time, the existing data demonstrate that organotin compounds (OTCs) induces aberrant expression of PPARγ-targeted genes, resulting in altered of adipokine, glucose transporter, proinflammatory cytokines levels, and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. The latter is generally characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Other mechanisms involved in organotin-induced obesity may include estrogen receptor and corticosteroid signaling, altered DNA methylation, and gut dysfunction. In addition to cellular effects, organotin exposure may also affect neural circuits of appetite regulation, being characterized by neuropeptide Y (NPY) up-regulation in parallel with of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), Agouti-related protein (AgRP), and cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) down-regulation in the arcuate nucleus. These changes result in increased orexigenic and reduced anorexigenic signaling, leading to increased food intake. The existing data demonstrate that organotins are potent adipogenic agents, however, no epidemiologic studies have been performed to reveal the association between organotin exposure and obesity and the existing indirect human data are contradictory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Tinkov
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia; Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia; Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia.
| | - Olga P Ajsuvakova
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia; Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
| | | | - Anatoly V Skalny
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia; Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia; Trace Element Institute for UNESCO, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Jan Aaseth
- Innlandet Hospital Trust, Kongsvinger, Norway; Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
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30
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Chen L, Wu L, Zhu L, Zhao Y. Overview of the structure-based non-genomic effects of the nuclear receptor RXRα. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2018; 23:36. [PMID: 30093910 PMCID: PMC6080560 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-018-0103-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptor RXRα (retinoid X receptor-α) is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of multiple genes. Its non-genomic function is largely related to its structure, polymeric forms and modification. Previous research revealed that some non-genomic activity of RXRα occurs via formation of heterodimers with Nur77. RXRα-Nur77 heterodimers translocate from the nucleus to the mitochondria in response to certain apoptotic stimuli and this activity correlates with cell apoptosis. More recent studies revealed a significant role for truncated RXRα (tRXRα), which interacts with the p85α subunit of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, leading to enhanced activation of AKT and promoting cell growth in vitro and in animals. We recently reported on a series of NSAID sulindac analogs that can bind to tRXRα through a unique binding mechanism. We also identified one analog, K-80003, which can inhibit cancer cell growth by inducing tRXRα to form a tetramer, thus disrupting p85α-tRXRα interaction. This review analyzes the non-genomic effects of RXRα in normal and tumor cells, and discusses the functional differences based on RXRα protein structure (structure source: the RCSB Protein Data Bank).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Chen
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108 China
| | - Lingjuan Wu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108 China
| | - Linyan Zhu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108 China
| | - Yiyi Zhao
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108 China
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Jiang P, Xu C, Chen L, Chen A, Wu X, Zhou M, Haq IU, Mariyam Z, Feng Q. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibited cancer stem cell-like properties by targeting hsa-mir-485-5p/ RXRα in lung cancer. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:8623-8635. [PMID: 30058740 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) appears to be a significant threat to public health worldwide. MicroRNAs have been identified as significant regulators for the development of NSCLC. Previous reports have suggested that hsa-mir-485-5p is dysregulated in various cancers. RXRα, as a kind of nuclear receptor, is an effective target of cancer treatment. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are recognized as the main cause for tumor metastasis, recurrence, and chemotherapy resistance. However, the mechanism by which hsa-mir-485-5p and RXRα modulate CSCs in NSCLC remains unknown. Here, we found that hsa-mir-485-5p was decreased in serum samples from patients with NSCLC and NSCLC cells. Meanwhile, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), an effective anticancer compound extracted from green tea, can enhance hsa-mir-485-5p expression. Hsa-mir-485-5p mimics markedly inhibited NSCLC cell growth and induced cell apoptosis. However, inhibition of hsa-mir-485-5p significantly enriched CSC-like traits. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis predicted the binding correlation between hsa-mir-485-5p and RXRα, which was confirmed by a dual-luciferase reporter assay. We observed that RXRα was increased in NSCLC and EGCG could inhibit RXRα levels dose dependently. In addition, RXRα upregulation or activation expanded the CSC-like properties of NSCLC cells, whereas RXRα inhibition or inactivation could exert a reverse phenomenon. Consistently, in vivo experiments also validated that EGCG could repress the CSC-like characteristics by modulating the hsa-mir-485-5p/RXRα axis. Our findings may reveal a novel molecular mechanism for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuyue Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijun Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aochang Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyue Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ijaz Ul Haq
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zahula Mariyam
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Feng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Ceccarelli V, Valentini V, Ronchetti S, Cannarile L, Billi M, Riccardi C, Ottini L, Talesa VN, Grignani F, Vecchini A. Eicosapentaenoic acid induces DNA demethylation in carcinoma cells through a TET1-dependent mechanism. FASEB J 2018; 32:fj201800245R. [PMID: 29757674 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800245r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In cancer cells, global genomic hypomethylation is found together with localized hypermethylation of CpG islands within the promoters and regulatory regions of silenced tumor suppressor genes. Demethylating agents may reverse hypermethylation, thus promoting gene re-expression. Unfortunately, demethylating strategies are not efficient in solid tumor cells. DNA demethylation is mediated by ten-eleven translocation enzymes (TETs). They sequentially convert 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), which is associated with active transcription; 5-formylcytosine; and finally, 5-carboxylcytosine. Although α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid, the major n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, have anti-cancer effects, their action, as DNA-demethylating agents, has never been investigated in solid tumor cells. Here, we report that EPA demethylates DNA in hepatocarcinoma cells. EPA rapidly increases 5hmC on DNA, inducing p21Waf1/Cip1 gene expression, which slows cancer cell-cycle progression. We show that the underlying molecular mechanism involves TET1. EPA simultaneously binds peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and retinoid X receptor α (RXRα), thus promoting their heterodimer and inducing a PPARγ-TET1 interaction. They generate a TET1-PPARγ-RXRα protein complex, which binds to a hypermethylated CpG island on the p21 gene, where TET1 converts 5mC to 5hmC. In an apparent shuttling motion, PPARγ and RXRα leave the DNA, whereas TET1 associates stably. Overall, EPA directly regulates DNA methylation levels, permitting TET1 to exert its anti-tumoral function.-Ceccarelli, V., Valentini, V., Ronchetti, S., Cannarile, L., Billi, M., Riccardi, C., Ottini, L., Talesa, V. N., Grignani, F., Vecchini, A., Eicosapentaenoic acid induces DNA demethylation in carcinoma cells through a TET1-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Monia Billi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carlo Riccardi
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Laura Ottini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy; and
| | | | - Francesco Grignani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alba Vecchini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Song M, Sun Y, Tian J, He W, Xu G, Jing Z, Li W. Silencing Retinoid X Receptor Alpha Expression Enhances Early-Stage Hepatitis B Virus Infection In Cell Cultures. J Virol 2018; 92:e01771-17. [PMID: 29437960 PMCID: PMC5874418 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01771-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple steps of the life cycle of hepatitis B virus (HBV) are known to be coupled to hepatic metabolism. However, the details of involvement of the hepatic metabolic milieu in HBV infection remain incompletely understood. Hepatic lipid metabolism is controlled by a complicated transcription factor network centered on retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRα). Here, we report that RXRα negatively regulates HBV infection at an early stage in cell cultures. The RXR-specific agonist bexarotene inhibits HBV in HepG2 cells expressing the sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) (HepG2-NTCP), HepaRG cells, and primary Tupaia hepatocytes (PTHs); reducing RXRα expression significantly enhanced HBV infection in the cells. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of HepG2-NTCP cells with a disrupted RXRα gene revealed that reduced gene expression in arachidonic acid (AA)/eicosanoid biosynthesis pathways, including the AA synthases phospholipase A2 group IIA (PLA2G2A), is associated with increased HBV infection. Moreover, exogenous treatment of AA inhibits HBV infection in HepG2-NTCP cells. These data demonstrate that RXRα is an important cellular factor in modulating HBV infection and implicate the participation of AA/eicosanoid biosynthesis pathways in the regulation of HBV infection.IMPORTANCE Understanding how HBV infection is connected with hepatic lipid metabolism may provide new insights into virus infection and its pathogenesis. By a series of genetic studies in combination with transcriptome analysis and pharmacological assays, we here investigated the role of cellular retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRα), a crucial transcription factor for controlling hepatic lipid metabolism, in de novo HBV infection in cell cultures. We found that silencing of RXRα resulted in elevated HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) formation and viral antigen production, while activation of RXRα reduced HBV infection efficiency. Our results also showed that silencing phospholipase A2 group IIA (PLA2G2A), a key enzyme of arachidonic acid (AA) synthases, enhanced HBV infection efficiency in HepG2-NTCP cells and that exogenous AA treatment reduced de novo HBV infection in the cells. These findings unveil RXRα as an important cellular factor in modulating HBV infection and may point to a new strategy for host-targeted therapies against HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Song
- Graduate Program, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yinyan Sun
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Tian
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate Program, School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui He
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangwei Xu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyi Jing
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Graduate Program, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
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Ren HY, Guo YH, Yang LM, Dai TJ, Lin MZ, Yu L, Zhu QG, Meng JR. Expression and clinical significance of retinoid X receptor α in esophageal carcinoma. Ann Diagn Pathol 2018; 34:110-5. [PMID: 29661715 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Esophageal carcinoma (EC) is one of the most aggressive type cancers and dysregulation of retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) involves various tumors. However, the relationship of RXRα with the clinicopathological factors of EC, particularly prognostic characteristics, remains unclear. This present study was to evaluate the effect of RXRα expression in the development of EC. METHODS The mRNA and protein expression level of RXRα in EC and normal esophageal tissues using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot, respectively. The subcellular localization was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. The clinicopathological parameters were included age, sex, tumor size, differentiation, TNM stages and lymph node metastasis. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox's regression analyses were performed to evaluate the prognosis of 60 patients with EC. RESULTS RXRα was elevated in EC tissues comparing with normal esophageal tissues at both mRNA and protein levels. The overexpression level of RXRα was closely associated to the tumor differentiation, TNM stage and lymph node metastasis of patients with EC. In addition, EC patients with RXRα high expression had significantly lower disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Multivariate analysis showed RXRα expression as an independent predictor for the DFS and OS rate of patients with EC. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that overexpression of RXRα was correlated with unfavorable prognosis, suggesting that RXRα may serve as a potential targeted therapeutic marker in the treatment of EC.
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Morris J, Moseley VR, Cabang AB, Coleman K, Wei W, Garrett-Mayer E, Wargovich MJ. Reduction in promotor methylation utilizing EGCG (epigallocatechin-3-gallate) restores RXRα expression in human colon cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:35313-26. [PMID: 27167203 PMCID: PMC5085231 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Silencing of regulatory genes through hypermethylation of CpG islands is an important mechanism in tumorigenesis. In colon cancer, RXRα, an important dimerization partner with other nuclear transcription factors, is silenced through this mechanism. We previously found that colon tumors in ApcMin/+ mice had diminished levels of RXRα protein and expression levels of this gene were restored by treatment with a green tea intervention, due to reduced promoter methylation of RXRα. We hypothesized that CIMP+ cell lines, which epigenetically silence key regulatory genes would also evidence silencing of RXRα and EGCG treatment would restore its expression. We indeed found EGCG to restore RXRα activity levels in the human cell lines, in a dose dependent manner and reduced RXRα promoter methylation. EGCG induced methylation changes in several other colon cancer related genes but did not cause a decrease in global methylation. Numerous epidemiological reports have shown the benefits of green tea consumption in reducing colon cancer risk but to date no studies have shown that the risk reduction may be related to the epigenetic restoration by tea polyphenols. Our results show that EGCG modulates the reversal of gene silencing involved in colon carcinogenesis providing a possible avenue for colon cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Morris
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Vondina R Moseley
- Department of Cell & Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - April B Cabang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Katie Coleman
- Department of Cell & Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Public Health Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Elizabeth Garrett-Mayer
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Michael J Wargovich
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Chávez-Lizárraga D, Zárate-Segura P, Beltrán-Montoya J, Canchola-Sotelo C, Vadillo-Ortega F, Chavira-Suárez E. DNA Methylation Variability in a Single Locus of the RXRα Promoter from Umbilical Vein Blood at Term Pregnancy. Biochem Genet 2018; 56:210-24. [PMID: 29305749 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-017-9838-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation status of RXRα gene promoter has been correlated with maternal diet during early pregnancy, and associated with offspring's adiposity and bone mineral content. In adult life, increased methylation of RXRα promoter region is associated with myocardium pathologies. Early growth response proteins (EGR) are zinc finger transcription factors associated with several cellular pathways such as inflammation, apoptosis, and cardiopathies. DNA-binding sequences of EGR proteins have been reported in the RXRα gene promoter using chromatin immunoprecipitation methods. Here, we used correlations between the maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (p-BMI), gestational weight gain (GWG), and birth weight (BW) as indirect indicators of the maternal nutritional status as modifier of DNA methylation in the offspring. DNA methylation status from newborns' umbilical vein blood in full-term pregnancy was evaluated in a short sequence (116 pb) of the RXRα gene promoter that contains the elements of response sequence for EGR proteins. Fifty-three bisulfite-modified DNA samples were assessed through methyl-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM) analysis. To validate the results, we directly sequenced MS-HRM samples to confirm the presence of CpG-methylated positions. In addition, the RXRα protein levels in extracts of umbilical vein blood were evaluated by western blot. We found differential methylation in a specific locus of the RXRα promoter surrounding the EGR-binding sequence; however, no correlation was found with the level of RXRα protein expression. Variability in the methylation status of the RXRα promoter near the EGR transcription factor binding site in newborn cord blood provides controversial epigenetic insights into RXRα regulation via EGR proteins.
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Wang L, Zheng Y, Gao X, Liu Y, You X. Retinoid X receptor ligand regulates RXRα/Nur77-dependent apoptosis via modulating its nuclear export and mitochondrial targeting. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2017; 10:10770-10780. [PMID: 31966420 PMCID: PMC6965856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder disease in elderly. It is characterized by the formation of amyloid plaques and nerve cells apoptosis in the brain. This study focuses on the association between nerve cells apoptosis and nuclear receptors within AD. Thus, we detected the changes of the expression and subcellular localization of RXRα/Nur77 and the apoptotic rate of neuroblastoma cells, SH-SY5Y cells and nerve cells in C57BL/6 mouse hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease pathologic condition, and investigated the effect of RXRα exporting inhibition caused by 9-cis-RA on the apoptosis of neurons. We demonstrated that Aβ peptide and H2O2 treatment could result in the translocation of RXRα and Nur77 from the nucleus to the mitochondria, and the ligand of RXR, 9-cis-RA, treatment can block the above phenomenon. More importantly, 9-cis-RA treatment could reduce the apoptotic rate of neurons caused by H2O2 or Aβ stimulation via enhancing the expression level of Bcl-2 protein. Therefore, our studies revealed a critical role of RXRα/Nur77 in 9-cis-RA-mediated anti-apoptosis in nerve cells and provided novel information for better management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics/Center for Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Yansong Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University350005 Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Gao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics/Center for Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Yingchun Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics/Center for Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoqing You
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics/Center for Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou 350122, Fujian, China
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38
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Xu L, Zeng Z, Zhang W, Ren G, Ling X, Huang F, Xie P, Su Y, Zhang XK, Zhou H. RXRα ligand Z-10 induces PML-RARα cleavage and APL cell apoptosis through disrupting PML-RARα/RXRα complex in a cAMP-independent manner. Oncotarget 2017; 8:12311-12322. [PMID: 28129653 PMCID: PMC5355346 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The major oncogenic driver of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is the fusion protein PML-RARα originated from the chromosomal translocation t(15;17). All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide cure most patients by directly targeting PML-RARα. However, major issues including the resistance of ATRA and arsenic therapy still remain in APL clinical management. Here we showed that compound Z-10, a nitro-ligand of retinoid X receptor α (RXRα), strongly promoted the cAMP-independent apoptosis of both ATRA- sensitive and resistant NB4 cells via the induction of caspase-mediated PML-RARα degradation. RXRα was vital for the stability of both PML-RARα and RARα likely through the interactions. The binding of Z-10 to RXRα dramatically inhibited the interaction of RXRα with PML-RARα but not with RARα, leading to Z-10's selective induction of PML-RARα but not RARα degradation. Z-36 and Z-38, two derivatives of Z-10, had improved potency of inducing PML-RARα reduction and NB4 cell apoptosis. Hence, RXRα ligand Z-10 and its derivatives could target both ATRA- sensitive and resistant APL cells through their distinct acting mechanism, and are potential drug leads for APL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhiping Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Gaoang Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaobin Ling
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Fengyu Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Peizhen Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ying Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Xiao-Kun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Hu Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Liang J, Tang J, Shi H, Li H, Zhen T, Duan J, Kang L, Zhang F, Dong Y, Han A. miR-27a-3p targeting RXRα promotes colorectal cancer progression by activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:82991-83008. [PMID: 29137318 PMCID: PMC5669944 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate how miR-27a-3p modulates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to promote colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. Our results showed that the expression of miR-27a-3p was up-regulated in CRC and closely associated with histological differentiation, clinical stage, distant metastasis and CRC patients' survival. miR-27a-3p mimic suppressed apoptosis and promoted proliferation, migration, invasion of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. Whereas miR-27a-3p inhibitor promoted apoptosis and suppressed proliferation, migration, invasion of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, RXRα was the target gene of miR-27a-3p in CRC. miR-27a-3p expression negatively correlated with RXRα expression in CRC tissues. The underlining mechanism study showed that miR-27a-3p/RXRα/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in CRC progression. In conclusion, our findings first demonstrate that miR-27a-3p is a prognostic and/or potential therapeutic biomarker for CRC patients and RXRα as miR-27a-3p targeting gene plays an important role in activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway during CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Liang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianming Tang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Shi
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Zhen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Duan
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Kang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fenfen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Dong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anjia Han
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Dash AK, Yende AS, Tyagi RK. Novel Application of Red Fluorescent Protein (DsRed-Express) for the Study of Functional Dynamics of Nuclear Receptors. J Fluoresc 2017; 27:1225-1231. [PMID: 28470379 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-017-2109-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Arrivals of fluorescent proteins have revolutionized the way we do research in the areas of molecular cell biology. In the present study, we have successfully exploited the multimer-forming property of Red Fluorescent Protein (RFP) in living cells to preferentially shift the unliganded nuclear receptors from the nuclear to the cytoplasmic compartment. Subsequently, these cytoplasmic-shifted unliganded receptors could be induced to translocate into the nucleus by their ligands. Though the multimerization of RFP as a protein-tag is viewed as a disadvantage, we have exploited and projected this property towards novel applications in validating the clinical drugs, herbal compounds, metabolic disruptors etc. Such cytoplasmic shifted transcription factors can offer a unique opportunity to study receptor-ligand interactions and functional dynamics by analyzing ligand-mediated receptor translocation from cytoplasmic compartment to the nucleus of living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Dash
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ashutosh S Yende
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Rakesh K Tyagi
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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41
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Fu Y, Zhen J, Lu Z. Synergetic Neuroprotective Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid and Aspirin in SH-Y5Y by Inhibiting miR-21 and Activating RXRα and PPARα. DNA Cell Biol 2017; 36:482-489. [PMID: 28346830 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2017.3643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a serious neurodegenerative disorder that lacks effective therapeutic methods. In this research, expressions of PPARα, RXRα, and miR-21 were evaluated in PD patients and normal controls. To investigate the effects of miR-21, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and aspirin (ASA) on PD, as well as the relationships between them, SH-Y5Y cells were treated with DHA, ASA, or both for 24 h. The assay showed that levels of miR-21 were increased and levels of PPARα were decreased in PD patients compared with normal controls. miR-21 was negatively correlated with PPARα in PD patients. DHA and ASA could activate RXRα and PPARα, respectively. Additionally, DHA upregulated PPARα expression by inhibiting miR-21 in SH-Y5Y cells. A combination of DHA and ASA efficiently enhanced heterodimer formations of PPARα and RXRα and increased the expression of neurotrophic factors PSD-95, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), while inhibiting NFκB and COX2. These findings suggest that a combination of DHA and ASA could significantly improve the expression of PSD-95, BDNF, and GDNF by promoting heterodimerization of PPARα and RXRα, thus supplying a new therapeutic method for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwang Fu
- 1 Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University , Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Zhen
- 2 Department of Neurology, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital , Hohhot, China
| | - Zuneng Lu
- 1 Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University , Wuhan, China
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Courtaut F, Derangère V, Chevriaux A, Ladoire S, Cotte AK, Arnould L, Boidot R, Rialland M, Ghiringhelli F, Rébé C. Liver X receptor ligand cytotoxicity in colon cancer cells and not in normal colon epithelial cells depends on LXRβ subcellular localization. Oncotarget 2015; 6:26651-62. [PMID: 26450852 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that Liver X Receptors (LXRs) have some anticancer properties. We recently demonstrated that LXR ligands induce colon cancer cell pyroptosis through an LXRβ-dependent pathway. In the present study, we showed that human colon cancer cell lines presented differential cytoplasmic localizations of LXRβ. This localization correlated with caspase-1 activation and cell death induction under treatment with LXR ligand. The association of LXRβ with the truncated form of RXRα (t-RXRα) was responsible for the sequestration of LXRβ in the cytoplasm in colon cancer cells. Moreover t-RXRα was not expressed in normal colon epithelial cells. These cells presented a predominantly nuclear localization of LXRβ and were resistant to LXR ligand cytotoxicity. Our results showed that predominant cytoplasmic localization of LXRβ, which occurs in colon cancer cells but not in normal colon epithelial cells, allowed LXR ligand-induced pyroptosis. This study strengthens the hypothesis that LXRβ could be a promising target in cancer therapy.
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Luo J, Qu J, Yang R, Ge MX, Mei Y, Zhou BT, Qu Q. Phytochemicals Mediate the Expression and Activity of OCTN2 as Activators of the PPARγ/ RXRα Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:189. [PMID: 27445823 PMCID: PMC4925669 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many phytochemicals exert activities as agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). This study aims to investigate whether phytochemicals are agonists of the PPARγ/RXRα pathway and modulate the target gene OCTN2. In this study, a luciferase reporter gene system was used to screen novel OCTN2 activators from 39 phytochemicals. Kaempferol, curcumin, and puerarin were found to show the significant PPRE-mediated luciferase activities (>150%) at 20 μM and showed a dose-dependent manner. Phytochemicals also elevated the mRNA and protein expression of OCTN2 in a dose-dependent fashion in colorectal cancer SW480 cells. These induction effects were gradually inhibited by PPARγ antagonist GW9662 in the luciferase reporter gene system and in SW480 cells. Moreover, the results of cell viability assay imply that three phytochemicals probably induce OCTN2 expression leading to the enhanced uptake of its substrate, oxaliplatin, thereby making cells more sensitive to oxaliplatin. The molecular docking study showed the possible binding sites of phytochemicals in PPARγ protein, and all of the docked phytochemicals fitted the same active pocket in PPARγ as troglitazone. All three phytochemicals exhibited hydrogen bonds between their polar moieties and the amino acid residues. Thus, we identified three phytochemicals as PPARγ ligands, which potentiated the expression and activity of OCTN2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha, China
| | - Jian Qu
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital and Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University Changsha, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha, China
| | - Meng-Xue Ge
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha, China
| | - Yin Mei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha, China
| | - Bo-Ting Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha, China
| | - Qiang Qu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha, China
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Ren HY, Huang GL, Liu WM, Zhang W, Liu Y, Su GQ, Shen DY. IL-1β induced RXRα overexpression through activation of NF-κB signaling in gastric carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 78:329-334. [PMID: 26898458 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal expression of Retinoid X Receptor α (RXRα) seems to be a frequent incident in a variety of cancers. However, the expression pattern and the mechanisms in gastric carcinoma (GC) remain unclear. METHODS In GC tissues and cell lines, the expression levels of RXRα mRNA and protein were detected by Q-PCR and Western blot, respectively; the localization of RXRα was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) or immunocytochemistry (ICC). The effect of IL-1β on RXRα expression and localization was detected by Western blot and ICC. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway was assessed via Western blot. RESULTS RXRα expression was markedly elevated at both mRNA and protein levels in GC tissues and cell lines (all P<0.05). The abnormal overexpression of RXRα was predominantly visualized in cytoplasm. IL-1β significantly induced cytoplasmic expression of RXRα in a time-dependent manner. Co-incubation with IL-1β enhanced phospho-IKKα (p-IKKα) expression and this effect could be inhibited by the specific inhibitor for NF-κB (all P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS IL-1β upregulated RXRα through activation of NF-κB signaling and these suggested a possible clinic significance of retinoid receptor expression in the diagnosis and treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yue Ren
- Biobank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen 361003, Fujian, China
| | - Gui-Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Wen-Ming Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Xiamen Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Biobank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen 361003, Fujian, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Su
- Biobank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen 361003, Fujian, China
| | - Dong-Yan Shen
- Biobank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen 361003, Fujian, China.
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Yang Q, Zheng P, Ma Z, Li T, Jiang S, Qin JG. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of the retinoid X receptor (RXR) gene in golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus fed Artemia nauplii with different enrichments. Fish Physiol Biochem 2015; 41:1449-1461. [PMID: 26159320 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The retinoid X receptors (RXRs) are involved in the skeletal development and other biological process such as blood vessel formation and metabolism. Partial sequences of RXRα and β genes were obtained, and their expressions were quantified on golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus at 28 days post hatching (DPH) to explore the molecular response to nutritional manipulation in fish larvae. As live food, Artemia nauplii were separately enriched with Nannochloropsis and Algamac 3080 and non-enriched Artemia nauplii (control) for fish feeding. The expressions of RXRs were detected in the embryos and fish larvae at early stages, suggesting that the skeletal development in golden pompano initiated before yolk re-sorption completion. Fish fed non-enriched Artemia nauplii ended up with higher jaw malformation. The highest specific growth rate was obtained when fish were fed with the Artemia nauplii enriched with Algamac 3080, and the lowest growth rate was observed when fish were fed with unenriched Artemia nauplii. The highest survival was obtained when fish were fed with non-enriched or Nannochloropsis-enriched Artemia nauplii. This study indicates that the use of enriched formula for Artemia nauplii can significantly affect the expression levels of RXRs and jaw malformation of golden pompano larvae, but there is no clear correlation between RXRs expressions and malformation rates when fish are subjected to nutrient challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Yang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Panlong Zheng
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenhua Ma
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Tao Li
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shigui Jiang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian G Qin
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
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Liu Y, Chen H, Wang J, Zhou W, Sun R, Xia M. Association of serum retinoic acid with hepatic steatosis and liver injury in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 102:130-7. [PMID: 25948673 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.105155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoic acid (RA), an active metabolite of vitamin A (retinol), has been implicated in the regulation of lipid metabolism and hepatic steatosis in animal models. However, the relation between RA and liver histology in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is unknown. OBJECTIVE This study aimed at examining the association of RA with NAFLD and NASH in Chinese subjects. DESIGN Serum RA concentration was determined by ELISA in 41 control subjects, 45 patients with NAFLD, and 38 patients with NASH. The associations of RA with adiposity, serum glucose, lipid profiles, and markers of liver damage were studied. Moreover, both mRNA and protein levels of retinoic X receptor α (RXRα) in the liver were analyzed in subjects with different degrees of hepatic steatosis. RESULTS Serum RA concentrations in patients with NAFLD (1.42 ± 0.47 ng/mL) and NASH (1.14 ± 0.26 ng/mL) were significantly lower than those in control subjects (2.70 ± 0.52 ng/mL) (P < 0.01). Furthermore, serum RA concentrations were significantly different between subjects with normal glucose tolerance and those with type 2 diabetes in control [2.87 ± 0.52 (n = 28) vs. 2.32 ± 0.44 ng/mL (n = 13)], NAFLD [1.61 ± 0.37 (n = 29) vs. 1.28 ± 0.41 ng/mL (n = 16)], and NASH [1.35 ± 0.34 (n = 24) vs. 1.07 ± 0.29 ng/mL (n = 14)] groups. In human liver tissue, RXRα mRNA expression was inversely correlated with the exacerbation of hepatic steatosis. Both serum RA concentrations and RXRα mRNA levels were inversely correlated with intrahepatic triglyceride content (r = -0.700, P < 0.001, and r = -0.611, P = 0.002, respectively). Compared with grade 0 severity, the concentration of RXRα protein was lower in more severe grades in patients with NAFLD. CONCLUSION These results show that circulating RA concentrations were lower in subjects with NAFLD and were associated with hepatic lipid metabolism and insulin resistance. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01940263.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruifang Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Choi JS, Choi SS, Kim ES, Seo YK, Seo JK, Kim EK, Suh PG, Choi JH. Flightless-1, a novel transcriptional modulator of PPARγ through competing with RXRα. Cell Signal 2014; 27:614-20. [PMID: 25479590 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a member of the nuclear receptor family and plays key roles in glucose and lipid metabolism. Its transcriptional control of target genes is mediated by ligand-dependent recruitment of coactivators. In this study, we demonstrate that a novel transcriptional modulator of PPARγ, Flightless-I (FLII) binds directly to and suppresses the transcriptional activity of PPARγ. The LXXLL motif within the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain of FLII interacts directly with the DNA-binding domain of PPARγ. Interestingly, in the presence of PPARγ ligands, such as rosiglitazone and SR1664, this interaction was abolished in vitro. When FLII was overexpressed, both the transcriptional activity of PPARγ and adipogenesis were suppressed significantly, whereas specific knockdown of FLII reversed these effects. Furthermore, DNA occupancy of PPARγ on its target gene promoters was enhanced by FLII knockdown, and the interaction between PPARγ and retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) was blocked by FLII. Together, these findings strongly suggest that FLII functions in PPARγ activation as a molecular switch to repress transcriptional activity by interrupting formation of the PPARγ/RXRα complex, and FLII may serve as a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of adiposity-related metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sil Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Sil Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kyo Seo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Kon Seo
- UNIST Central Research Facilities, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Kyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Hyun Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea.
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Wang AG, Song YN, Chen J, Li HL, Dong JY, Cui HP, Yao L, Li XF, Gao WT, Qiu ZW, Wang FJ, Wang JY. Activation of RAS/ERK alone is insufficient to inhibit RXRα function and deplete retinoic acid in hepatocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 452:801-7. [PMID: 25218146 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Activation of RAS/ERK signaling pathway, depletion of retinoid, and phosphorylation of retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRα) are frequent events found in liver tumors and thought to play important roles in hepatic tumorigenesis. However, the relationships among them still remained to be elucidated. By exploring the transgenic mouse model of hepatic tumorigenesis induced by liver-specific expression of H-ras12V oncogene, the activation of RAS/ERK, the mRNA expression levels of retinoid metabolism-related genes, the contents of retinoid metabolites, and phosphorylation of RXRα were determined. RAS/ERK signaling pathway was gradually and significantly activated in hepatic tumor adjacent normal liver tissues (P) and hepatic tumor tissues (T) of H-ras12V transgenic mice compared with normal liver tissues (Wt) of wild type mice. On the contrary, the mRNA expression levels of retinoid metabolism-related genes were significantly reduced in P and T compared with Wt. Interestingly, the retinoid metabolites 9-cis-retinoic acid (9cRA) and all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA), the well known ligands for nuclear transcription factor RXR and retinoic acid receptor (RAR), were significantly decreased only in T compared with Wt and P, although the oxidized polar metabolite of atRA, 4-keto-all-trans-retinoic-acid (4-keto-RA) was significantly decreased in both P and T compared with Wt. To our surprise, the functions of RXRα were significantly blocked only in T compared with Wt and P. Namely, the total protein levels of RXRα were significantly reduced and the phosphorylation levels of RXRα were significantly increased only in T compared with Wt and P. Treatment of H-ras12V transgenic mice at 5-week-old or 5-month-old with atRA had no effect on the prevention of tumorigenesis or cure of developed nodules in liver. These events imply that the depletion of 9cRA and atRA and the inhibition of RXRα function in hepatic tumors involve more complex mechanisms besides the activation of RAS/ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Guo Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, PR China.
| | - Ya-Nan Song
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, PR China
| | - Jun Chen
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, PR China
| | - Hui-Ling Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, PR China
| | - Jian-Yi Dong
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, PR China
| | - Hai-Peng Cui
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, PR China
| | - Liang Yao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, PR China
| | - Xue-Feng Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, PR China
| | - Wen-Ting Gao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, PR China
| | - Ze-Wen Qiu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, PR China
| | - Fu-Jin Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, PR China
| | - Jing-Yu Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, PR China.
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Wu J, Wang H, Tang X. Rexinoid inhibits Nrf2-mediated transcription through retinoid X receptor alpha. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 452:554-9. [PMID: 25172665 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.08.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
NF-E2 P45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor that controls genes encoding cytoprotective and detoxifying enzymes through antioxidant response elements (AREs) in their regulatory regions. We reported recently that retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRα) inhibits Nrf2 function by direct interaction with the Neh7 domain of Nrf2 in a ligand-independent manner. Here, we provide evidence that an RXRα-specific ligand, bexarotene, dose-dependently inhibits the mRNA expression of ARE-driven genes. Knock-down of RXRα by siRNA abolished the inhibitory effect of bexarotene. Conversely, the over-expression of RXRα enhanced the inhibition by bexarotene, indicating that the effect is mediated by RXRα. The inhibition by bexarotene was also found in the non-small-cell lung cancer cell line A549, which carries a dysfunctional somatic mutation of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), suggesting that KEAP1 is not involved. Our results demonstrate that rexinoid is able to inhibit the transcriptional activity of Nrf2, and that RXRα can repress the cytoprotection pathway in a ligand-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaguo Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Xiuwen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
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Pramfalk C, Eriksson M, Parini P. Role of TG-interacting factor (Tgif) in lipid metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1851:9-12. [PMID: 25088698 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
TG interacting factors (Tgifs) 1 and 2 are members of the TALE (three-amino-acid loop extension) superfamily of homeodomain proteins. These two proteins bind to the same DNA sequence and share a conserved C-terminal repression domain. Mutations in TGIF1 have been linked to holoprosencephaly, which is a human genetic disease that affects craniofacial development. As these proteins can interact with the ligand binding domain of retinoid X receptor α, a common heterodimeric partner of several nuclear receptors [e.g., liver X receptors (LXRs) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs)], Tgif1 and Tgif2 might repress other transcriptional pathways activated by lipids. In line with this, Tgif1 interacts with LXRα and Tgif1 null mice have increased expression of the two Lxrα target genes apolipoproteins (Apo) c2 and a4. Also, we have recently identified Tgif1 to function as a transcriptional repressor of the cholesterol esterifying enzyme acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 2 (gene name SOAT2). As no studies yet have shown involvement of Tgif2 in the lipid metabolism, this review will focus on the role of Tgif1 in lipid and cholesterol metabolism. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Linking transcription to physiology in lipodomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Pramfalk
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Centre for Nutrition and Toxicology, NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Sweden; Molecular Nutrition Unit, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Centre for Nutrition and Toxicology, NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Mats Eriksson
- Molecular Nutrition Unit, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Centre for Nutrition and Toxicology, NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Sweden; Metabolism Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, S-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paolo Parini
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Centre for Nutrition and Toxicology, NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Sweden; Molecular Nutrition Unit, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Centre for Nutrition and Toxicology, NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Sweden.
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