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Chen Q, Bian Z, Yang Y, Cui X, Jeffreys C, Xu X, Li W, Liu Y, Heeney M, Bo Z. Hierarchical Solid-Additive Strategy for Achieving Layer-by-Layer Organic Solar Cells with Over 19 % Efficiency. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202405949. [PMID: 38871648 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition of active layers in organic solar cells (OSCs) offers immense potential for optimizing performance through precise tailoring of each layer. However, achieving high-performance LbL OSCs with distinct solid additives in each layer remains challenging. In this study, we explore a novel approach that strategically incorporates different solid additives into specific layers of LbL devices. To this end, we introduce FeCl3 into the lower donor (D18) layer as a p-type dopant to enhance hole concentration and mobility. Concurrently, we incorporate the wide-band gap conjugated polymer poly(9,9-di-n-octylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) (PFO) into the upper acceptor (L8-BO) layer to improve the morphology and prolong exciton lifetime. Unlike previous studies, our approach combines these two strategies to achieve higher and more balanced electron and hole mobility without affecting device open-circuit voltage, while also suppressing charge recombination. Consequently, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the D18+FeCl3/L8-BO device increases to 18.12 %, while the D18/L8-BO+PFO device attains a PCE of 18.79 %. These values represent substantial improvements over the control device's PCE of 17.59 %. Notably, when both FeCl3 and PFO are incorporated, the D18+FeCl3/L8-BO+PFO device achieves a remarkable PCE of 19.17 %. In summary, our research results demonstrate the effectiveness of the layered solid additive strategy in improving OSC performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ziqing Bian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yujie Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xinyue Cui
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Charles Jeffreys
- KAUST Solar Centre, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 239556900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xinjun Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Wenhua Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuqiang Liu
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Martin Heeney
- KAUST Solar Centre, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 239556900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhishan Bo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
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2
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Lai S, Cui Y, Chen Z, Xia X, Zhu P, Shan S, Hu L, Lu X, Zhu H, Liao X, Chen Y. Impact of Electrostatic Interaction on Vertical Morphology and Energy Loss in Efficient Pseudo-Planar Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313105. [PMID: 38279607 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Although a suitable vertical phase separation (VPS) morphology is essential for improving charge transport efficiency, reducing charge recombination, and ultimately boosting the efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs), there is a lack of theoretical guidance on how to achieve the ideal morphology. Herein, a relationship between the molecular structure and the VPS morphology of pseudo-planar heterojunction (PPHJ) OSCs is established by using molecular surface electrostatic potential (ESP) as a bridge. The morphological evolution mechanism is revealed by studying four binary systems with vary electrostatic potential difference (∆ESP) between donors (Ds) and acceptors (As). The findings manifest that as ∆ESP increases, the active layer is more likely to form a well-mixed phase, while a smaller ∆ESP favors VPS morphology. Interestingly, it is also observed that a larger ∆ESP leads to enhanced miscibility between Ds and As, resulting in higher non-radiative energy losses (ΔE3). Based on these discoveries, a ternary PPHJ device is meticulously designed with an appropriate ∆ESP to obtain better VPS morphology and lower ΔE3, and an impressive efficiency of 19.09% is achieved. This work demonstrates that by optimizing the ΔESP, not only the formation of VPS morphology can be controlled, but also energy losses can be reduced, paving the way to further boost OSC performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiting Lai
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Yongjie Cui
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials & College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation Key Laboratory of Excited State Materials of Zhejiang Province Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Xinxin Xia
- Department of Physics Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Peipei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Shiyu Shan
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Lin Hu
- China-Australia Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing (IAMM), Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Haiming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation Key Laboratory of Excited State Materials of Zhejiang Province Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Xunfan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
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Yang G, Zhang D, Wang R, Wu M, Yu J. Flexible Broadband Organic Photodetectors with Ternary Planar-Mixed Heterojunction Semiconductors and Solution-Processed Polymeric Electrode. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38659248 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Flexible organic photodetectors (OPDs) hold immense promise in health monitoring sensors, flexible imaging sensors, and portable optical communication. Nevertheless, the actualization of high-performance flexible electronics has been hindered by rigid electrodes such as metals or metal oxides. In this work, we constructed a flexible broadband organic photodetector using a solution-processed polymeric electrode, which exhibits flexibility surpassing that of conventional indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. Additionally, we employed a planar-mixed heterojunction (PMHJ) through a sequential deposition method and introduced PC71BM as the third constituent into the PM6/Y6 binary active layer, resulting in enhanced photodetection performance and a broadend spectral range. The optimized OPDs demonstrated remarkable detectivity (D*) exceeding 1012 Jones in brodband from 300 to 900 nm, with a champion D* of 6.31 × 1012 Jones at 790 nm. Furthermore, after undergoing 500 cycles of bending, the D* retained approximately 78% of its original performance, highlighting the outstanding mechanical stability. This work presents a promising pathway toward the development of flexible broadband OPDs using a straightforward method, offering enhanced compatibility in diverse application scenarios and propelling the frontier of flexible optoelectronic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genjie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Dayong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengge Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Junsheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
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4
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Kang J, Kim SY, Zong K. Facile Synthesis of Dithienobenzothiadiazoles and D18-Cl Polymer via Na 2S-Mediated Rapid Thiophene-Annulations for Organic Solar Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400055. [PMID: 38504635 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
We present a novel synthetic route for the rapid construction of dithieno[3',2':3,4;2'',3'':5,6]benzo[1,2-c][1,2,5]thiadiazoles via Na2S-promoted thiophene annulation. This method facilitated the synthesis of D18-Cl polymer, known for its efficacy as a polymer donor in bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells. Starting from commercially available 4,7-dihalo-5,6-difluorobenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole, various 4,7-dialkynylated compounds were obtained through Sonogashira reaction conditions. Subsequent Na2S-promoted thiophene annulations yielded DTBT and its derivatives in excellent yields within 10 minutes. DTBT was then utilized as a precursor for the concise synthesis of D18-Cl, benefiting from reduced synthetic steps, mild reaction conditions, decreased complexity, and high overall yields. In another route, a space group-bridged DTBT was directly constructed via Na2S-promoted thiophene annulations and converted into D18-Cl through a couple of steps. This developed protocol offers a straightforward and reliable synthetic tool, conducive to reducing complexities in the production of DTBT-based organic electronic materials, thereby advancing the potential commercialization of organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmo Kang
- Department of Chemical Education, Institute of Fusion Science, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Yeong Kim
- Department of Chemical Education, Institute of Fusion Science, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyukwan Zong
- Department of Chemical Education, Institute of Fusion Science, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
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5
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Jin J, Wang Q, Shen W, Belfiore LA, Tang J. High-Efficiency Ternary Polymer Solar Cells with a Gradient-Blended Structure Fabricated by Sequential Deposition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38501443 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Acquiring the ideal blend morphology of the active layer to optimize charge separation and collection is a constant goal of polymer solar cells (PSCs). In this paper, the ternary strategy and the sequential deposition process were combined to make sufficient use of the solar spectrum, optimize the energy-level structure, regulate the vertical phase separation morphology, and ultimately enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of the PSCs. Specifically, the donor and acceptor illustrated a gradient-blended distribution in the sequential deposition-processed films, thus resulting in facilitated carrier characteristics in the gradient-blended devices. Consequently, the PSCs based on D18-Cl/Y6:ZY-4Cl have achieved a device efficiency of over 18% with the synergetic improvement of open-circuit voltage (VOC), short-circuit current density (JSC), and fill factor (FF). Therefore, this work reveals a facile approach to fabricating PSCs with improved performance and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghao Jin
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Science & Technology Cooperation on Hybrid Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Science & Technology Cooperation on Hybrid Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wenfei Shen
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Science & Technology Cooperation on Hybrid Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Laurence A Belfiore
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Science & Technology Cooperation on Hybrid Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jianguo Tang
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Science & Technology Cooperation on Hybrid Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
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6
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Liu J, Zhang Y, Liu X, Wen L, Wan L, Song C, Xin J, Liang Q. Solution Sequential Deposition Pseudo-Planar Heterojunction: An Efficient Strategy for State-of-Art Organic Solar Cells. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2301803. [PMID: 38386309 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) are considered as a promising new generation of clean energy. Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structure has been widely employed in the active layer of efficient OSCs. However, precise regulation of morphology in BHJ is still challenging due to the competitive coupling between crystallization and phase separation. Recently, a novel pseudo-planar heterojunction (PPHJ) structure, prepared through solution sequential deposition, has attracted much attention. It is an easy-to-prepare structure in which the phase separation structures, interfaces, and molecular packing can be separately controlled. Employing PPHJ structure, the properties of OSCs, such as power conversion efficiency, stability, transparency, flexibility, and so on, are usually better than its BHJ counterpart. Hence, a comprehensive understanding of the film-forming process, morphology control, and device performance of PPHJ structure should be considered. In terms of the representative works about PPHJ, this review first introduces the fabrication process of active layers based on PPHJ structure. Second, the widely applied morphology control methods in PPHJ structure are summarized. Then, the influences of PPHJ structure on device performance and other property are reviewed, which largely expand its application. Finally, a brief prospect and development tendency of PPHJ devices are discussed with the consideration of their challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangang Liu
- School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P.R. China
| | - Yutong Zhang
- School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P.R. China
| | - Xingpeng Liu
- School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P.R. China
| | - Liangquan Wen
- School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P.R. China
| | - Longjing Wan
- School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P.R. China
| | - Chunpeng Song
- School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P.R. China
| | - Jingming Xin
- School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P.R. China
| | - Qiuju Liang
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P.R. China
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7
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Gan Z, Wang L, Cai J, Guo C, Chen C, Li D, Fu Y, Zhou B, Sun Y, Liu C, Zhou J, Liu D, Li W, Wang T. Electrostatic force promoted intermolecular stacking of polymer donors toward 19.4% efficiency binary organic solar cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6297. [PMID: 37813902 PMCID: PMC10562425 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42071-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Conjugated polymers are generally featured with low structural order due to their aromatic and irregular structural units, which limits their light absorption and charge mobility in organic solar cells. In this work, we report a conjugated molecule INMB-F that can act as a molecular bridge via electrostatic force to enhance the intermolecular stacking of BDT-based polymer donors toward efficient and stable organic solar cells. Molecular dynamics simulations and synchrotron X-ray measurements reveal that the electronegative INMB-F adsorb on the electropositive main chain of polymer donors to increase the donor-donor interactions, leading to enhanced structural order with shortened π-π stacking distance and consequently enhanced charge transport ability. Casting the non-fullerene acceptor layer on top of the INMB-F modified donor layer to fabricate solar cells via layer-by-layer deposition evidences significant power conversion efficiency boosts in a range of photovoltaic systems. A power conversion efficiency of 19.4% (certified 18.96%) is realized in PM6/L8-BO binary devices, which is one of the highest reported efficiencies of this material system. The enhanced structural order of polymer donors by INMB-F also leads to a six-fold enhancement of the operational stability of PM6/L8-BO organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirui Gan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinlong Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanhang Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Donghui Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiwei Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bojun Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuandong Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenhao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China.
- School of Materials and Microelectronics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China.
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8
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Wu G, Xu X, Liao C, Yu L, Li R, Peng Q. Improving Cooperative Interactions Between Halogenated Aromatic Additives and Aromatic Side Chain Acceptors for Realizing 19.22% Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302127. [PMID: 37116119 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Processing additive plays an important role in the standard operation procedures for fabricating top performing polymer solar cells (PSCs) through efficient interactions with key photovoltaic materials. However, improving interaction study of acceptor materials to high performance halogenated aromatic additives such as diiodobenzene (DIB) is a widely neglected route for molecular engineering toward more efficient device performances. In this work, two novel Y-type acceptor molecules of BTP-TT and BTP-TTS with different aromatic side chains on the outer positions are designed and synthesized. The resulting aromatic side chains significantly enhanced the interactions between the acceptor molecules and DIB through an arene/halogenated arene interaction, which improved the crystallinity of the acceptor molecules and induced a polymorph with better photovoltaic performances. Thus, high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 18.04% and 19.22% are achieved in binary and ternary blend devices using BTP-TTS as acceptor and DIB as additive. Aromatic side chain engineering for improving additive interactions is proved to be an effective strategy for achieving much higher performance photovoltaic materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Chentong Liao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Liyang Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Ruipeng Li
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Lab, Suffolk, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Qiang Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
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9
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Zhu C, Chung S, Zhao J, Sun Y, Zhao B, Zhao Z, Kim S, Cho K, Kan Z. Vertical Phase Regulation with 1,3,5-Tribromobenzene Leads to 18.5% Efficiency Binary Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303150. [PMID: 37424039 PMCID: PMC10502666 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The sequential deposition method assists the vertical phase distribution in the photoactive layer of organic solar cells, enhancing power conversion efficiencies. With this film coating approach, the morphology of both layers can be fine-tuned with high boiling solvent additives, as frequently applied in one-step casting films. However, introducing liquid additives can compromise the morphological stability of the devices due to the solvent residuals. Herein, 1,3,5-tribromobenzene (TBB) with high volatility and low cost, is used as a solid additive in the acceptor solution and combined thermal annealing to regulate the vertical phase in organic solar cells composed of D18-Cl/L8-BO. Compared to the control cells, the devices treated with TBB and those that underwent additional thermal processing exhibit increased exciton generation rate, charge carrier mobility, charge carrier lifetime, and reduced bimolecular charge recombination. As a result, the TBB-treated organic solar cells achieve a champion power conversion efficiency of 18.5% (18.1% averaged), one of the highest efficiencies in binary organic solar cells with open circuit voltage exceeding 900 mV. This study ascribes the advanced device performance to the gradient-distributed donor-acceptor concentrations in the vertical direction. The findings provide guidelines for optimizing the morphology of the sequentially deposited top layer to achieve high-performance organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofeng Zhu
- Center on Nanoenergy ResearchGuangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Blue Energy and Systems IntegrationCarbon Peak and Neutrality Science and Technology Development InstituteSchool of Physical Science & TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning530004China
| | - Sein Chung
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology77 Cheongam‐ro, Nam‐guPohang‐si37673South Korea
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Center on Nanoenergy ResearchGuangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Blue Energy and Systems IntegrationCarbon Peak and Neutrality Science and Technology Development InstituteSchool of Physical Science & TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning530004China
| | - Yuqing Sun
- Center on Nanoenergy ResearchGuangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Blue Energy and Systems IntegrationCarbon Peak and Neutrality Science and Technology Development InstituteSchool of Physical Science & TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning530004China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Center on Nanoenergy ResearchGuangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Blue Energy and Systems IntegrationCarbon Peak and Neutrality Science and Technology Development InstituteSchool of Physical Science & TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning530004China
| | - Zhenmin Zhao
- Center on Nanoenergy ResearchGuangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Blue Energy and Systems IntegrationCarbon Peak and Neutrality Science and Technology Development InstituteSchool of Physical Science & TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning530004China
| | - Seunghyun Kim
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology77 Cheongam‐ro, Nam‐guPohang‐si37673South Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology77 Cheongam‐ro, Nam‐guPohang‐si37673South Korea
| | - Zhipeng Kan
- Center on Nanoenergy ResearchGuangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Blue Energy and Systems IntegrationCarbon Peak and Neutrality Science and Technology Development InstituteSchool of Physical Science & TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning530004China
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life‐cycle Safety for Composite StructuresNanning530004China
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10
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Yu X, Lin H, He Z, Du X, Chen Z, Yang G, Zheng C, Tao S. Efficient Near-Infrared Organic Photodetectors with Spectral Response up to 1600 nm for Accurate Alcohol Concentration Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:16918-16929. [PMID: 36947683 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of near-infrared organic photodetectors (NIR-OPDs) in 1000-1700 nm is essential for medical monitoring, food quality inspection, machine vision, and biomedical imaging. However, when solving the high dark current density (JD) in bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) NIR-OPDs based on narrow-bandgap systems, it is often accompanied by photocurrent loss, which is a great challenge in achieving high-performance NIR-OPDs. Here, an ideal hybrid pseudo-PHJ (planar-heterojunction)/BHJ structure is proposed to overcome this challenge, which is introducing the N2200 layer between the cathode and BHJ. The introduction of the N2200 raises the external charge injection barrier and reduces the trap density, thus achieving significant suppression of JD (6.22 × 10-7 A cm-2 at -0.2 V bias, about 2 orders of magnitude lower compared to the BHJ NIR-OPDs). Meanwhile, the hybrid structure combines the advantages of PHJ and BHJ, thus maintaining a high photocurrent, resulting in responsivity and detectivity of 18.71 mA W-1 and 4.19 × 1010 Jones, respectively, at 1400 nm at -0.2 V bias, which is superior to the performance of BHJ NIR-OPDs. And the hybrid structured NIR-OPDs are proven to rapidly quantify the alcohol content of mixtures to within 2% accuracy, which exhibits great potential for application in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Hui Lin
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Zeyu He
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Du
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Chen
- Shanghai Synchrotron Facility (SSRF), Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, P. R. China
| | - Gang Yang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Caijun Zheng
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Silu Tao
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
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11
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Ma X, Xu W, Liu Z, Jeong SY, Xu C, Zhang J, Woo HY, Zhou Z, Zhang F. Over 18.1% Efficiency of Layer-by-Layer Polymer Solar Cells by Enhancing Exciton Utilization near the ITO Electrode. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:7247-7254. [PMID: 36701588 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, layer-by-layer (LbL) polymer solar cells (PSCs) are constructed without/with the incorporation of a dissociation strengthening layer (DSL) on the basis of the wide-bandgap donor D18-Cl, as well as the narrow-bandgap nonfullerene acceptor Y6. The efficiency of LbL PSCs is enhanced from 17.62 to 18.15% through introducing a DSL, originating from the enhanced dissociation of D18-Cl excitons near the ITO electrode. Meanwhile, the interfacial energy between D18-Cl and Y6 layers is decreased by incorporating a DSL, which should facilitate molecular interdiffusion for more adequate exciton dissociation in LbL active layers. This work offers a simple and resultful way for realizing power conversion efficiency (PCE) improvement of LbL PSCs with maximized exciton utilization in LbL active layers. The universality of the DSL incorporation strategy on performance improvement can be further confirmed with a boosted PCE from 17.39 to 18.03% or from 17.13 to 17.61% for D18-Cl/L8-BO- or D18-Cl/N3-based LbL PSCs by incorporating a DSL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Ma
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, 100044Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, 100044Beijing, China
| | - Zhongyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, 100044Beijing, China
| | - Sang Young Jeong
- Organic Optoelectronic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, 02841Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, 100044Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, 1st Jinji Road, 541004Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Young Woo
- Organic Optoelectronic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, 02841Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhengji Zhou
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Fujun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, 100044Beijing, China
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12
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Malhotra P, Verduzco JC, Biswas S, Sharma GD. Active Discovery of Donor:Acceptor Combinations For Efficient Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:54895-54906. [PMID: 36459438 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The structural flexibility of organic semiconductors offers vast a search space, and many potential candidates (donor and acceptor) for organic solar cells (OSCs) are yet to be discovered. Machine learning is extensively used for material discovery but performs poorly on extrapolation tasks with small training data sets. Active learning techniques can guide experimentalists to extrapolate and find the most promising D:A combination in a significantly small number of experiments. This study uses an active learning technique with a predictive random forest model to iteratively find the most optimal D:A combinations in the search space using various acquisition functions. Active learning results with five different acquisition functions (MM, MEI, MLI, MU, and UCB) are compared. Results reveal that acquisition functions that combine exploitation and exploration (MEI, MLI, and UCB) perform far better than purely exploiting (MM) and purely exploring (MU) acquisition functions. Interestingly, the proposed model can overcome the bottleneck of extrapolating small training data sets and find most promising D:A combinations in relatively fewer experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Malhotra
- Department of Physics, The LNM Institute of Information Technology, Jamdoli, Jaipur302031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Juan C Verduzco
- School of Materials Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Subhayan Biswas
- Department of Physics, The LNM Institute of Information Technology, Jamdoli, Jaipur302031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ganesh D Sharma
- Department of Physics, The LNM Institute of Information Technology, Jamdoli, Jaipur302031, Rajasthan, India
- Department of Electronics Engineering and Communication, The LNM Institute of Information Technology, Jamdoli, Jaipur302031, Rajasthan, India
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13
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Li S, Xiao Z, Li JJ, Hu ZY, Yang Y, Kan B, Guo DS, Wan X, Yao Z, Li C, Chen Y. Calixarenes enabling well-adjusted organic-inorganic interface for inverted organic solar cells with 18.25% efficiency and multifold improved photostability under max power point tracking. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1390-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Wei Y, Chen Z, Lu G, Yu N, Li C, Gao J, Gu X, Hao X, Lu G, Tang Z, Zhang J, Wei Z, Zhang X, Huang H. Binary Organic Solar Cells Breaking 19% via Manipulating the Vertical Component Distribution. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2204718. [PMID: 35747988 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The variation of the vertical component distribution can significantly influence the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells (OSCs), mainly due to its impact on exciton dissociation and charge-carrier transport and recombination. Herein, binary devices are fabricated via sequential deposition (SD) of D18 and L8-BO materials in a two-step process. Upon independently regulating the spin-coating speeds of each layer deposition, the optimal SD device shows a record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.05% for binary single-junction OSCs, much higher than that of the corresponding blend casting (BC) device (18.14%). Impressively, this strategy presents excellent universality in boosting the photovoltaic performance of SD devices, exemplified by several nonfullerene acceptor systems. The mechanism studies reveal that the SD device with preferred vertical components distribution possesses high crystallinity, efficient exciton splitting, low energy loss, and balanced charge transport, resulting in all-around enhancement of photovoltaic performances. This work provides a valuable approach for high-efficiency OSCs, shedding light on understanding the relationship between photovoltaic performance and vertical component distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wei
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physic, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Guanyu Lu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Na Yu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Congqi Li
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physic, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jinhua Gao
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physic, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaobin Gu
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physic, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaotao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Guanghao Lu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physic, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physic, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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15
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Upreti T, Tormann C, Kemerink M. Can Organic Solar Cells Beat the Near-Equilibrium Thermodynamic Limit? J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:6514-6519. [PMID: 35822430 PMCID: PMC9310094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite an impressive increase over the past decade, experimentally determined power conversion efficiencies of organic photovoltaic cells still fall considerably below the theoretical upper bound for near-equilibrium solar cells. Even in otherwise optimized devices, a prominent yet incompletely understood loss channel is the thermalization of photogenerated charge carriers in the density of states that is broadened by energetic disorder. Here, we demonstrate by extensive numerical modeling how this loss channel can be mitigated in carefully designed morphologies. Specifically, we show how funnel-shaped donor- and acceptor-rich domains in the phase-separated morphology that are characteristic of organic bulk heterojunction solar cells can promote directed transport of positive and negative charge carriers toward the anode and cathode, respectively. We demonstrate that in optimized funnel morphologies this kinetic, nonequilibrium effect, which is boosted by the slow thermalization of photogenerated charges, allows one to surpass the near-equilibrium limit for the same material in the absence of gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Upreti
- Complex
Materials and Devices, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology
(IFM), Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
- Centre
for Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Constantin Tormann
- Centre
for Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martijn Kemerink
- Complex
Materials and Devices, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology
(IFM), Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
- Centre
for Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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16
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Effect of Polymer Chain Regularity on the Photovoltaic Performance of Organic Solar Cells. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2796-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Li X, Zhu R, He Z, Du X, Lin H, Zheng C, Yang G, Chen Z, Tao S. Additive-Induced Vertical Component Distribution Enables High-Performance Sequentially Cast Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:25842-25850. [PMID: 35635178 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of the active layer morphology to form a vertical component distribution structure is an effective way of improving the efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs). In this paper, a layer-by-layer (LbL) spin-coating method was adopted combined with an additive strategy to achieve the purpose of precisely adjusting the morphology, and finally, high-performance OSCs based on a D18-Cl/Y6 system were achieved. After adding n-octane in D18-Cl, D18-Cl+/Y6 devices realized a PCE of 17.70%, while with the incorporation of 1-fluoronaphthalene (FN) in Y6, D18-Cl/Y6+ devices obtained a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.39%, both higher than the control devices (16.66%). The former resulted in a more orderly arrangement of D18-Cl, forming a suitable phase separation morphology, and the latter improved the crystallization of Y6, which facilitated carrier transport. Furthermore, the dual-additive-treated D18-Cl+/Y6+ bilayer devices with n-octane doping in the donor and FN in the acceptor had a more desirable vertical morphology, exhibiting an excellent PCE of 18.16% with an improved JSC of 27.17 mA cm-2 and FF of 76.88%, one of the highest efficiencies for LbL OSCs. The results demonstrated that combining the LbL spin-coating method with the additive strategy is a valid way to achieve hierarchical morphology control and enhance device performance, which is of great significance for the fabrication and development of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Li
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Ruobi Zhu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Zeyu He
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Du
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Hui Lin
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Caijun Zheng
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Gang Yang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Chen
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, P. R. China
| | - Silu Tao
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
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