1
|
Ran J, Guo G, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Li D, Wu S, Cong Y, Wang X, Xie S, Zhao H, Liu H, Ou G, Zhu X, Zhou J, Liu M. KIF11 UFMylation Maintains Photoreceptor Cilium Integrity and Retinal Homeostasis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400569. [PMID: 38666385 PMCID: PMC11220646 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The photoreceptor cilium is vital for maintaining the structure and function of the retina. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the photoreceptor cilium integrity and retinal homeostasis are largely unknown. Herein, it is shown that kinesin family member 11 (KIF11) localizes at the transition zone (connecting cilium) of the photoreceptor and plays a crucial role in orchestrating the cilium integrity. KIF11 depletion causes malformations of both the photoreceptor ciliary axoneme and membranous discs, resulting in photoreceptor degeneration and the accumulation of drusen-like deposits throughout the retina. Mechanistic studies show that the stability of KIF11 is regulated by an interplay between its UFMylation and ubiquitination; UFMylation of KIF11 at lysine 953 inhibits its ubiquitination by synoviolin 1 and thereby prevents its proteasomal degradation. The lysine 953-to-arginine mutant of KIF11 is more stable than wild-type KIF11 and also more effective in reversing the ciliary and retinal defects induced by KIF11 depletion. These findings identify a critical role for KIF11 UFMylation in the maintenance of photoreceptor cilium integrity and retinal homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ran
- Center for Cell Structure and FunctionShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
| | - Guizhi Guo
- Center for Cell Structure and FunctionShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Center for Cell Structure and FunctionShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- Center for Cell Structure and FunctionShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Center for Cell Structure and FunctionShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
| | - Dengwen Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell BiologyState Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Shian Wu
- Department of Genetics and Cell BiologyState Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Yusheng Cong
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang ProvinceInstitute of Aging ResearchSchool of MedicineHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou310036China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of PharmacologyTianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
| | - Songbo Xie
- Center for Cell Structure and FunctionShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
| | - Huijie Zhao
- Center for Cell Structure and FunctionShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Center for Reproductive MedicineCheeloo College of MedicineKey Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of EducationShandong UniversityJinan250014China
| | - Guangshuo Ou
- Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesMinistry of Education Key Laboratory for Protein ScienceSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Xueliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell BiologyCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceShanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Center for Cell Structure and FunctionShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
- Department of Genetics and Cell BiologyState Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Min Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue HomeostasisHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemTianjin300462China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ni H, Li L, Hu D, Yang M, Wang D, Ma H, Bu W, Yang J, Zhu LE, Zhai D, Song T, Yang S, Lu Q, Li D, Ran J, Liu M. Dynamic changes of endothelial and stromal cilia are required for the maintenance of corneal homeostasis. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31215. [PMID: 38308657 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Primary cilia are distributed extensively within the corneal epithelium and endothelium. However, the presence of cilia in the corneal stroma and the dynamic changes and roles of endothelial and stromal cilia in corneal homeostasis remain largely unknown. Here, we present compelling evidence for the presence of primary cilia in the corneal stroma, both in vivo and in vitro. We also demonstrate dynamic changes of both endothelial and stromal cilia during corneal development. In addition, our data show that cryoinjury triggers dramatic cilium formation in the corneal endothelium and stroma. Furthermore, depletion of cilia in mutant mice lacking intraflagellar transport protein 88 compromises the corneal endothelial capacity to establish the effective tissue barrier, leading to an upregulation of α-smooth muscle actin within the corneal stroma in response to cryoinjury. These observations underscore the essential involvement of corneal endothelial and stromal cilia in maintaining corneal homeostasis and provide an innovative strategy for the treatment of corneal injuries and diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Ni
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- College of Life and Geographic Sciences, Kashi University, Kashi, China
| | - Lamei Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Die Hu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mulin Yang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Difei Wang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongbo Ma
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiwen Bu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Yang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Li-E Zhu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Denghui Zhai
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Song
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Song Yang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Quanlong Lu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dengwen Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Ran
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bu W, Di J, Zhao J, Liu R, Wu Y, Ran J, Li T. Dynein Light Intermediate Chains Exhibit Different Arginine Methylation Patterns. J Clin Lab Anal 2024; 38:e25030. [PMID: 38525916 PMCID: PMC11033342 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.25030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The motor protein dynein is integral to retrograde transport along microtubules and interacts with numerous cargoes through the recruitment of cargo-specific adaptor proteins. This interaction is mediated by dynein light intermediate chain subunits LIC1 (DYNC1LI1) and LIC2 (DYNC1LI2), which govern the adaptor binding and are present in distinct dynein complexes with overlapping and unique functions. METHODS Using bioinformatics, we analyzed the C-terminal domains (CTDs) of LIC1 and LIC2, revealing similar structural features but diverse post-translational modifications (PTMs). The methylation status of LIC2 and the proteins involved in this modification were examined through immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting analyses. The specific methylation sites on LIC2 were identified through a site-directed mutagenesis analysis, contributing to a deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of the dynein complex. RESULTS We found that LIC2 is specifically methylated at the arginine 397 residue, a reaction that is catalyzed by protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1). CONCLUSIONS The distinct PTMs of the LIC subunits offer a versatile mechanism for dynein to transport diverse cargoes efficiently. Understanding how these PTMs influence the functions of LIC2, and how they differ from LIC1, is crucial for elucidating the role of dynein-related transport pathways in a range of diseases. The discovery of the arginine 397 methylation site on LIC2 enhances our insight into the regulatory PTMs of dynein functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwen Bu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Jie Di
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Junkui Zhao
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Ruming Liu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yue Wu
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinanChina
| | - Jie Ran
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinanChina
| | - Te Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhai D, Li L, Chen C, Wang X, Liu R, Shan Y. INPP5E Regulates the Distribution of Phospholipids on Cilia in RPE1 Cells. J Clin Lab Anal 2024; 38:e25031. [PMID: 38514901 PMCID: PMC11033345 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.25031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary cilia are static microtubule-based structures protruding from the cell surface and present on most vertebrate cells. The appropriate localization of phospholipids is essential for cilia formation and stability. INPP5E is a cilia-localized inositol 5-phosphatase; its deletion alters the phosphoinositide composition in the ciliary membrane, disrupting ciliary function. METHODS The EGFP-2xP4MSidM, PHPLCδ1-EGFP, and SMO-tRFP plasmids were constructed by the Gateway system to establish a stable RPE1 cell line. The INPP5E KO RPE1 cell line was constructed with the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The localization of INPP5E and the distribution of PI(4,5)P2 and PI4P were examined by immunofluorescence microscopy. The fluorescence intensity co-localized with cilia was quantified by ImageJ. RESULTS In RPE1 cells, PI4P is localized at the ciliary membrane, whereas PI(4,5)P2 is localized at the base of cilia. Knocking down or knocking out INPP5E alters this distribution, resulting in the distribution of PI(4,5)P2 along the ciliary membrane and the disappearance of PI4P from the cilia. Meanwhile, PI(4,5)P2 is located in the ciliary membrane labeled by SMO-tRFP. CONCLUSIONS INPP5E regulates the distribution of phosphoinositide on cilia. PI(4,5)P2 localizes at the ciliary membrane labeled with SMO-tRFP, indicating that ciliary pocket membrane contains PI(4,5)P2, and phosphoinositide composition in early membrane structures may differ from that in mature ciliary membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denghui Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Lamei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Ruming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Ying Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu Y, Ma Y. CCL2-CCR2 signaling axis in obesity and metabolic diseases. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31192. [PMID: 38284280 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic diseases, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular ailments, represent formidable global health challenges, bearing considerable implications for both morbidity and mortality rates. It has become increasingly evident that chronic, low-grade inflammation plays a pivotal role in the genesis and advancement of these conditions. The involvement of C-C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and its corresponding receptor, C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), has been extensively documented in numerous inflammatory maladies. Recent evidence indicates that the CCL2/CCR2 pathway extends beyond immune cell recruitment and inflammation, exerting a notable influence on the genesis and progression of metabolic syndrome. The present review seeks to furnish a comprehensive exposition of the CCL2-CCR2 signaling axis within the context of obesity and metabolic disorders, elucidating its molecular mechanisms, functional roles, and therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Center for Cell Structure and Function, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanchun Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Center for Cell Structure and Function, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hong R, Tan Y, Tian X, Huang Z, Wang J, Ni H, Yang J, Bu W, Yang S, Li T, Yu F, Zhong W, Sun T, Wang X, Li D, Liu M, Yang Y, Zhou J. XIAP-mediated degradation of IFT88 disrupts HSC cilia to stimulate HSC activation and liver fibrosis. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:1055-1074. [PMID: 38351372 PMCID: PMC10933415 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00092-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) plays a critical role in liver fibrosis. However, the molecular basis for HSC activation remains poorly understood. Herein, we demonstrate that primary cilia are present on quiescent HSCs but exhibit a significant loss upon HSC activation which correlates with decreased levels of the ciliary protein intraflagellar transport 88 (IFT88). Ift88-knockout mice are more susceptible to chronic carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis. Mechanistic studies show that the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase for IFT88. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), a profibrotic factor, enhances XIAP-mediated ubiquitination of IFT88, promoting its proteasomal degradation. Blocking XIAP-mediated IFT88 degradation ablates TGF-β-induced HSC activation and liver fibrosis. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized role for ciliary homeostasis in regulating HSC activation and identify the XIAP-IFT88 axis as a potential therapeutic target for liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Hong
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanjie Tan
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 250014, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tian
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 250014, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenzhou Huang
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 250014, Jinan, China
| | - Jiaying Wang
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 250014, Jinan, China
| | - Hua Ni
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Yang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiwen Bu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Song Yang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Te Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Fan Yu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Weilong Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, 300052, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Dengwen Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunfan Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, China.
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China.
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 250014, Jinan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li L, Ran J. Regulation of ciliary homeostasis by intraflagellar transport-independent kinesins. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:47. [PMID: 38218748 PMCID: PMC10787775 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06428-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Cilia are highly conserved eukaryotic organelles that protrude from the cell surface and are involved in sensory perception, motility, and signaling. Their proper assembly and function rely on the bidirectional intraflagellar transport (IFT) system, which involves motor proteins, including antegrade kinesins and retrograde dynein. Although the role of IFT-mediated transport in cilia has been extensively studied, recent research has highlighted the contribution of IFT-independent kinesins in ciliary processes. The coordinated activities and interplay between IFT kinesins and IFT-independent kinesins are crucial for maintaining ciliary homeostasis. In this comprehensive review, we aim to delve into the specific contributions and mechanisms of action of the IFT-independent kinesins in cilia. By shedding light on their involvement, we hope to gain a more holistic perspective on ciliogenesis and ciliopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Jie Ran
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jun JH, Kim JS, Palomera LF, Jo DG. Dysregulation of histone deacetylases in ocular diseases. Arch Pharm Res 2024; 47:20-39. [PMID: 38151648 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01482-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Ocular diseases are a growing global concern and have a significant impact on the quality of life. Cataracts, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy are the most prevalent ocular diseases. Their prevalence and the global market size are also increasing. However, the available pharmacotherapy is currently limited. These diseases share common pathophysiological features, including neovascularization, inflammation, and/or neurodegeneration. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a class of enzymes that catalyze the removal of acetyl groups from lysine residues of histone and nonhistone proteins. HDACs are crucial for regulating various cellular processes, such as gene expression, protein stability, localization, and function. They have also been studied in various research fields, including cancer, inflammatory diseases, neurological disorders, and vascular diseases. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between HDACs and ocular diseases, to identify a new strategy for pharmacotherapy. This review article explores the role of HDACs in ocular diseases, specifically focusing on diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and retinopathy of prematurity, as well as optic nerve disorders, such as glaucoma and optic neuropathy. Additionally, we explore the interplay between HDACs and key regulators of fibrosis and angiogenesis, such as TGF-β and VEGF, highlighting the potential of targeting HDAC as novel therapeutic strategies for ocular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyun Jun
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, CKD Research Institute, Chong Kun Dang Pharmaceutical Co., Yongin, 16995, Korea
| | - Jun-Sik Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Leon F Palomera
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea.
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Korea.
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hong R, Tian X, Ma H, Ni H, Yang J, Bu W, Li T, Yang S, Li D, Liu M, Tan Y. Primary cilium-mediated signaling cascade suppresses age-related biliary fibrosis. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:2600-2611. [PMID: 37683035 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The primary cilium is increasingly recognized as a crucial player in the physiology of biliary epithelial cells (BECs). However, the precise role of primary cilia in the development of age-related biliary fibrosis remains unclear. Herein, using cilium-deficient mice, we demonstrate that disruption of ciliary homeostasis in BECs in aged mice leads to significant bile duct proliferation, augmented biliary fibrosis, and heightened indicators of liver injury. Our RNA-sequencing data revealed a dysregulation in genes associated with various biological processes such as bile secretion, fatty acid metabolism, and inflammation. Loss of primary cilia also significantly enhanced signaling pathways driving the development of biliary fibrosis. Our findings collectively suggest that loss of primary cilia in the BECs of aged mice initiates a cascade of signaling events that contribute to biliary fibrosis, highlighting the primary cilium as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of fibrosing cholangiopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tian
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongbo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiwen Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Te Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Song Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dengwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanjie Tan
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang J, Liu Y, Yin H, Xie S, Zhang L, Dong X, Ni H, Bu W, Ma H, Liu P, Zhu H, Guo R, Sun L, Wu Y, Qin J, Sun B, Li D, Luo HR, Liu M, Xuan C, Zhou J. HDAC6 deacetylates IDH1 to promote the homeostasis of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56009. [PMID: 37642636 PMCID: PMC10561360 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202256009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are cells mainly present in the bone marrow and capable of forming mature blood cells. However, the epigenetic mechanisms governing the homeostasis of HSPCs remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate an important role for histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) in regulating this process. Our data show that the percentage of HSPCs in Hdac6 knockout mice is lower than in wild-type mice due to decreased HSPC proliferation. HDAC6 interacts with isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and deacetylates IDH1 at lysine 233. The deacetylation of IDH1 inhibits its catalytic activity and thereby decreases the 5-hydroxymethylcytosine level of ten-eleven translocation 2 (TET2) target genes, changing gene expression patterns to promote the proliferation of HSPCs. These findings uncover a role for HDAC6 and IDH1 in regulating the homeostasis of HSPCs and may have implications for the treatment of hematological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Hanxiao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Songbo Xie
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of ShandongShandong Normal UniversityJinanChina
| | - Linlin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Xifeng Dong
- Department of HematologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Hua Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Weiwen Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Hongbo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjinChina
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjinChina
| | - Rongxia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjinChina
| | - Lei Sun
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of ShandongShandong Normal UniversityJinanChina
| | - Yue Wu
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of ShandongShandong Normal UniversityJinanChina
| | - Juan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Baofa Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Dengwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Hongbo R Luo
- Department of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolChildren's Hospital Boston, Dana‐Farber/Harvard Cancer CenterBostonMAUSA
| | - Min Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue HomeostasisHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemTianjinChina
| | - Chenghao Xuan
- The Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of ShandongShandong Normal UniversityJinanChina
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang J, Feng S, Zhang Q, Qin H, Xu C, Fu X, Yan L, Zhao Y, Yao K. Roles of Histone Acetyltransferases and Deacetylases in the Retinal Development and Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:2330-2354. [PMID: 36637745 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03213-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The critical role of epigenetic modification of histones in maintaining the normal function of the nervous system has attracted increasing attention. Among these modifications, the level of histone acetylation, modulated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), is essential in regulating gene expression. In recent years, the research progress on the function of HDACs in retinal development and disease has advanced remarkably, while that regarding HATs remains to be investigated. Here, we overview the roles of HATs and HDACs in regulating the development of diverse retinal cells, including retinal progenitor cells, photoreceptor cells, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, and Müller glial cells. The effects of HATs and HDACs on the progression of various retinal diseases are also discussed with the highlight of the proof-of-concept research regarding the application of available HDAC inhibitors in treating retinal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.,College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Shuyu Feng
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.,College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.,College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Huan Qin
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.,College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Chunxiu Xu
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.,College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Xuefei Fu
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.,College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Lin Yan
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.,College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yaqin Zhao
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.,College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Kai Yao
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China. .,College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China. .,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wu Y, Zhou J, Yang Y. Peripheral and central control of obesity by primary cilia. J Genet Genomics 2023; 50:295-304. [PMID: 36632916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia are hair-like structures that protrude from the cell surface. They are capable of sensing external cues and conveying a vast array of signals into cells to regulate a variety of physiological activities. Mutations in cilium-associated genes are linked to a group of diseases with overlapping clinical manifestations, collectively known as ciliopathies. A significant proportion of human ciliopathy cases are accompanied by metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Nevertheless, the mechanisms through which dysfunction of primary cilia contributes to obesity are complex. In this article, we present an overview of primary cilia and highlight obesity-related ciliopathies. We also discuss the potential role of primary cilia in peripheral organs, with a focus on adipose tissues. In addition, we emphasize the significance of primary cilia in the central regulation of obesity, especially the involvement of ciliary signaling in the hypothalamic control of feeding behavior. This article therefore proposes a framework of both peripheral and central regulation of obesity by primary cilia, which may benefit further exploration of the ciliary role in metabolic regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Yunfan Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Khetmalis YM, Shree B, Kumar BVS, Schweipert M, Debarnot C, Ashna F, Sankaranarayanan M, Trinath J, Sharma V, Meyer-Almes FJ, Sekhar KVGC. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Tetrahydroisoquinoline Based Hydroxamate Derivatives as HDAC 6 Inhibitors For Cancer Therapy. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.134952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
14
|
Ge R, Cao M, Chen M, Liu M, Xie S. Cytoskeletal networks in primary cilia: Current knowledge and perspectives. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3975-3983. [PMID: 36000703 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Primary cilia, microtubule-based protrusions present on the surface of most mammalian cells, function as sensory organelles that monitor extracellular signals and transduce them into intracellular biochemical responses. There is renewed research interest in primary cilia due to their essential roles in development, tissue homeostasis, and human diseases. Primary cilia dysfunction causes a large spectrum of human diseases, collectively known as ciliopathies. Despite significant advances in our understanding of primary cilia, there are still no effective agents for treating ciliopathies. Primary ciliogenesis is a highly ordered process involving membrane trafficking, basal body maturation, vesicle docking and fusion, transition zone assembly, and axoneme extension, in which actin and microtubule networks play critical and multiple roles. Actin and microtubule network architecture, isotropy, and dynamics are tightly controlled by cytoskeleton-associated proteins, a growing number of which are now recognized as responsible for cilium formation and maintenance. Here we summarize the roles of actin and microtubules and their associated proteins in primary ciliogenesis and maintenance. In doing so, we highlight that targeting cytoskeleton-associated proteins may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ciliopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Ge
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Minghui Cao
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Miao Chen
- Department of Bioscience, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Songbo Xie
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.,Department of Bioscience, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| |
Collapse
|