Engineered EGCG-Containing Biomimetic Nanoassemblies as Effective Delivery Platform for Enhanced Cancer Therapy

Self-assembled metal-polyphenolic based multifunctional nanomedicine to improve therapy treatment of pancreatic cancer by inhibition of glutamine metabolism

Cancer poses a significant threat to human health and life. Chemotherapy, immunotherapy and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) are effective treatments for cancer. However, the presence of metabolic reprogramming via glutamine in tumor cells limits their therapeutic effectiveness. Herein, we propose an effective assembly strategy to synthesize a novel metal-polyphenolic based multifunctional nanomedicine (Fe-DBEF) containing Pluronic F127 stable ferric ion crosslinked epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) nanoparticles loaded with GLS1 inhibitor bis-2-(5-phenylacetamino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl) ethyl sulfide (BPTES) and chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (DOX). Our study demonstrates that Fe-DBEF nanomedicine exhibits high efficiency anti-proliferation properties in pancreatic cancer through a combination of in vitro cell experiments, human organoid experiments and KPC animal experiments. Notably, Fe-DBEF nanomedicine can reduce the production of glutathione (GSH) in tumor cells, thereby reducing their resistance to ROS therapy. Additionally, excessive ROS production also aggravates DNA damage caused by DOX, synergistically sensitizing chemotherapy and promoting apoptosis for efficient treatment of pancreatic cancer. Overall, our findings suggest that inhibiting glutamine metabolism to increase the sensitivity of chemotherapy/CDT using metal-polyphenolic based multifunctional nanomedicine provides a promising combination of multiple therapeutic means for treating pancreatic cancer.

Simultaneously Modulating HIF-1α and HIF-2α and Optimizing Macrophage Polarization through the Biomimetic Gene Vector toward the Treatment of Osteoarthritis

In osteoarthritis (OA), articular cartilage is continuously submerged in a hypoxic environment throughout life, and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) play a crucial role in OA progression. Among the various HIF phenotypes, HIF-1α positively contributes to maintaining the stability of the articular cartilage matrix. In contrast, HIF-2α has a detrimental effect, leading to chondrocyte apoptosis and exacerbating inflammation. Notably, there is currently no simultaneous regulation of HIF-1α and HIF-2α for OA treatment. Thus, the biomimetic gene vector (MENP) was developed for co-delivery of siHIF-2α and Mg2+ to the inflamed regions in OA joints, comprising an inner core consisting of siHIF-2α and Mg2+ and an outer M2 macrophage membrane. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that MENP effectively targets inflamed areas, efficiently silences HIF-2α, and facilitates HIF-1α-mediated cartilage restoration through Mg2+. Furthermore, it indirectly promotes the polarization of macrophages toward an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype through its action on inflamed synoviocytes. Overall, MENP is an efficient biomimetic vehicle for alleviating inflammation and promoting cartilage repair, representing an appealing approach for OA treatment.

EGCG alleviates heat-stress-induced fat deposition by targeting HSP70 through activation of AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1α in porcine subcutaneous preadipocytes

Obesity has emerged as a prominent global health concern, with heat stress posing a significant challenge to both human health and animal well-being. Despite a growing interest in environmental determinants of obesity, very few studies have examined the associations between heat stress-related environmental factors and adiposity. Consequently, there exists a clear need to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the obesogenic effects of heat stress and to formulate preventive strategies. This study focused on culturing porcine subcutaneous preadipocytes at 41.5 ℃ to induce heat stress, revealing that this stressor triggered apoptosis and fat deposition. Analysis demonstrated an upregulation in the expression of HSP70, BAX, adipogenesis-related genes (PPARγ, AP2, CEBPα and FAS), the p-AMPK/AMPK ratio and SIRT1, PGC-1α in the heat stress group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Conversely, the expression of lipid lysis-related genes (ATGL, HSL and LPL) and Bcl-2 decreased in the heat stress group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, subsequent activator and/or inhibitor experiments validated that heat stress modulated HSP70 and AMPK signalling pathways to enhance lipogenesis and inhibit lipolysis in porcine subcutaneous preadipocytes. Importantly, this study reveals, for the first time, that EGCG mitigates heat-stress-induced fat deposition by targeting HSP70 through the activation of AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1α in porcine subcutaneous preadipocytes. These findings elucidate the molecular mechanisms contributing to heat stress-induced obesity and provide a foundation for the potential clinical utilisation of EGCG as a preventive measure against both heat stress and obesity.

Investigation of folate-modified EGCG-loaded thermosensitive nanospheres inducing immunogenic cell death and damage-associated molecular patterns in hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND

The systemic treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma is currently facing a bottleneck. EGCG, the primary active compound in green tea, exhibits anti-tumor effects through various pathways. However, there is a lack of study on EGCG-induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) in hepatocellular carcinoma.

METHODS

In a previous study, we successfully synthesized folate-modified thermosensitive nano-materials, encapsulated EGCG within nanoparticles using a hydration method, and established the EGCG nano-drug delivery system. The viability of HepG2 cells post-EGCG treatment was assessed via the MTT and EdU assays. Cell migration and invasion were evaluated through wound healing experiments, Transwell assays, and Annexin V-FITC/PI assay for apoptosis detection. Additionally, the expression levels of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) were determined using immunofluorescence, ATP measurement, RT-qPCR, and Western Blot.

RESULTS

The drug sensitivity test revealed an IC50 value of 96.94 μg/mL for EGCG in HepG2 cells after 48 h. EGCG at a low concentration (50 μg/mL) significantly impeded the migration and invasion of HepG2 cells, showing a clear dose-dependent response. Moreover, medium to high EGCG concentrations induced cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner and upregulated DAMPs expression. Immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated a notable increase in CRT expression following low-concentration EGCG treatment. As EGCG concentration increased, cell viability decreased, leading to CRT exposure on the cell membrane. EGCG also notably elevated ATP levels. RT-qPCR and Western Blot analyses indicated elevated expression levels of HGMB1, HSP70, and HSP90 following EGCG intervention.

CONCLUSION

EGCG not only hinders the proliferation, migration, and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and induces apoptosis, but also holds significant clinical promise in the treatment of malignant tumors by promoting ICD and DAMPs secretion.

EGCG-vanadium nanomedicine with neutral pH Fenton reaction activity inhibits heat shock proteins for enhanced photothermal/chemodynamic therapy

A burgeoning interest has recently focused on the development of nanomedicine to integrate noninvasive photothermal therapy (PTT) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) for synergistic tumor treatments, owing to PTT's amplification effect on CDT. However, challenges emerge as hyperthermia often induces an unwarranted overexpression of cytoprotective heat shock proteins (HSPs), thereby curtailing PTT efficacy. Additionally, the nearly neutral tumor intracellular pH (pHi ≈ 7.2) that handicaps the Fenton reaction poses a leading limitation to CDT. Addressing these hurdles, we introduce EVP, a nanomedicine developed through the straightforward assembly of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), vanadium sulfate (VOSO4), and Pluronic F-127 (PF127). EVP comprehensively downregulates overexpressed HSPs (HSP 60, 70, 90) through the collaborative action of EGCG and vanadyl (VO2+). Moreover, the tumor intracellular pH-processed Fenton-like reaction by VO2+ ensures highly efficient hydroxyl radicals (OH) production in cytosols, overcoming the stringent acidity requirement for CDT. Additionally, the hyperthermia induced by PTT augments OH production, further enhancing CDT efficacy. In vitro and in vivo experiments validate EVP's excellent biocompatibility and potent tumor inhibition, highlighting its substantial potential in tumor therapy.

Whey Protein Sodium-Caseinate as a Deliverable Vector for EGCG: In Vitro Optimization of Its Bioaccessibility, Bioavailability, and Bioactivity Mode of Actions

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the principal catechin in green tea, exhibits diverse therapeutic properties. However, its clinical efficacy is hindered by poor stability and low bioavailability. This study investigated solid particle-in-oil-in-water (S/O/W) emulsions stabilized by whey protein isolate (WPI) and sodium caseinate (NaCas) as carriers to enhance the bioavailability and intestinal absorption of EGCG. Molecular docking revealed binding interactions between EGCG and these macromolecules. The WPI- and NaCas-stabilized emulsions exhibited high encapsulation efficiencies (>80%) and significantly enhanced the bioaccessibility of EGCG by 64% compared to free EGCG after simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Notably, the NaCas emulsion facilitated higher intestinal permeability of EGCG across Caco-2 monolayers, attributed to the strong intermolecular interactions between caseins and EGCG. Furthermore, the emulsions protected Caco-2 cells against oxidative stress by suppressing intracellular reactive oxygen species generation. These findings demonstrate the potential of WPI- and NaCas-stabilized emulsions as effective delivery systems to improve the bioavailability, stability, and bioactivity of polyphenols like EGCG, enabling their applications in functional foods and nutraceuticals.

Nanoparticles in tumor microenvironment remodeling and cancer immunotherapy

Cancer immunotherapy and vaccine development have significantly improved the fight against cancers. Despite these advancements, challenges remain, particularly in the clinical delivery of immunomodulatory compounds. The tumor microenvironment (TME), comprising macrophages, fibroblasts, and immune cells, plays a crucial role in immune response modulation. Nanoparticles, engineered to reshape the TME, have shown promising results in enhancing immunotherapy by facilitating targeted delivery and immune modulation. These nanoparticles can suppress fibroblast activation, promote M1 macrophage polarization, aid dendritic cell maturation, and encourage T cell infiltration. Biomimetic nanoparticles further enhance immunotherapy by increasing the internalization of immunomodulatory agents in immune cells such as dendritic cells. Moreover, exosomes, whether naturally secreted by cells in the body or bioengineered, have been explored to regulate the TME and immune-related cells to affect cancer immunotherapy. Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers, activated by pH, redox, and light conditions, exhibit the potential to accelerate immunotherapy. The co-application of nanoparticles with immune checkpoint inhibitors is an emerging strategy to boost anti-tumor immunity. With their ability to induce long-term immunity, nanoarchitectures are promising structures in vaccine development. This review underscores the critical role of nanoparticles in overcoming current challenges and driving the advancement of cancer immunotherapy and TME modification.

Exploiting Nanotechnology for Drug Delivery: Advancing the Anti-Cancer Effects of Autophagy-Modulating Compounds in Traditional Chinese Medicine

Background

Cancer continues to be a prominent issue in the field of medicine, as demonstrated by recent studies emphasizing the significant role of autophagy in the development of cancer. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) provides a variety of anti-tumor agents capable of regulating autophagy. However, the clinical application of autophagy-modulating compounds derived from TCM is impeded by their restricted water solubility and bioavailability. To overcome this challenge, the utilization of nanotechnology has been suggested as a potential solution. Nonetheless, the current body of literature on nanoparticles delivering TCM-derived autophagy-modulating anti-tumor compounds for cancer treatment is limited, lacking comprehensive summaries and detailed descriptions.

Methods

Up to November 2023, a comprehensive research study was conducted to gather relevant data using a variety of databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer Link, Web of Science, and CNKI. The keywords utilized in this investigation included "autophagy", "nanoparticles", "traditional Chinese medicine" and "anticancer".

Results

This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the potential of nanotechnology in overcoming delivery challenges and enhancing the anti-cancer properties of autophagy-modulating compounds in TCM. The evaluation is based on a synthesis of different classes of autophagy-modulating compounds in TCM, their mechanisms of action in cancer treatment, and their potential benefits as reported in various scholarly sources. The findings indicate that nanotechnology shows potential in enhancing the availability of autophagy-modulating agents in TCM, thereby opening up a plethora of potential therapeutic avenues.

Conclusion

Nanotechnology has the potential to enhance the anti-tumor efficacy of autophagy-modulating compounds in traditional TCM, through regulation of autophagy.

Microfluidics-enabled fluorinated assembly of EGCG-ligands-siTOX nanoparticles for synergetic tumor cells and exhausted t cells regulation in cancer immunotherapy

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-derived evolution offers a versatile means of developing novel immunotherapies that targets programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)/programmed death-1 (PD-1) axis. However, one major challenge is T cell exhaustion, which contributes to low response rates in "cold" tumors. Herein, we introduce a fluorinated assembly system of LFNPs/siTOX complexes consisting of fluorinated EGCG (FEGCG), fluorinated aminolauric acid (LA), and fluorinated polyethylene glycol (PEG) to efficiently deliver small interfering RNA anti-TOX (thymus high mobility group box protein, TOX) for synergistic tumor cells and exhausted T cells regulation. Using a microfluidic approach, a library of LFNPs/siTOX complexes were prepared by altering the placement of the hydrophobe (LA), the surface PEGylation density, and the siTOX ratio. Among the different formulations tested, the lead formulation, LFNPs3-3/siTOX complexes, demonstrated enhanced siRNA complexation, sensitive drug release, improved stability and delivery efficacy, and acceptable biosafety. Upon administration by the intravenous injection, this formulation was able to evoke a robust immune response by inhibiting PD-L1 expression and mitigating T cell exhaustion. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the fluorinated assembly and concomitant optimization of the EGCG-based delivery system. Furthermore, it offers a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy, highlighting its potential in improving response rates in ''cold'' tumors.

Red blood cell-derived materials for cancer therapy: Construction, distribution, and applications

Cancer has become an increasingly important public health issue owing to its high morbidity and mortality rates. Although traditional treatment methods are relatively effective, they have limitations such as highly toxic side effects, easy drug resistance, and high individual variability. Meanwhile, emerging therapies remain limited, and their actual anti-tumor effects need to be improved. Nanotechnology has received considerable attention for its development and application. In particular, artificial nanocarriers have emerged as a crucial approach for tumor therapy. However, certain deficiencies persist, including immunogenicity, permeability, targeting, and biocompatibility. The application of erythrocyte-derived materials will help overcome the above problems and enhance therapeutic effects. Erythrocyte-derived materials can be acquired via the application of physical and chemical techniques from natural erythrocyte membranes, or through the integration of these membranes with synthetic inner core materials using cell membrane biomimetic technology. Their natural properties such as biocompatibility and long circulation time make them an ideal choice for drug delivery or nanoparticle biocoating. Thus, red blood cell-derived materials are widely used in the field of biomedicine. However, further studies are required to evaluate their efficacy, in vivo metabolism, preparation, design, and clinical translation. Based on the latest research reports, this review summarizes the biology, synthesis, characteristics, and distribution of red blood cell-derived materials. Furthermore, we provide a reference for further research and clinical transformation by comprehensively discussing the applications and technical challenges faced by red blood cell-derived materials in the treatment of malignant tumors.

The roles of epigallocatechin gallate in the tumor microenvironment, metabolic reprogramming, and immunotherapy

Cancer, a disease that modern medicine has not fully understood and conquered, with its high incidence and mortality, deprives countless patients of health and even life. According to global cancer statistics, there were an estimated 19.3 million new cancer cases and nearly 10 million cancer deaths in 2020, with the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates of 201.0 and 100.7 per 100,000, respectively. Although remarkable advancements have been made in therapeutic strategies recently, the overall prognosis of cancer patients remains not optimistic. Consequently, there are still many severe challenges to be faced and difficult problems to be solved in cancer therapy today. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a natural polyphenol extracted from tea leaves, has received much attention for its antitumor effects. Accumulating investigations have confirmed that EGCG can inhibit tumorigenesis and progression by triggering apoptosis, suppressing proliferation, invasion, and migration, altering tumor epigenetic modification, and overcoming chemotherapy resistance. Nevertheless, its regulatory roles and biomolecular mechanisms in the immune microenvironment, metabolic microenvironment, and immunotherapy remain obscure. In this article, we summarized the most recent updates about the effects of EGCG on tumor microenvironment (TME), metabolic reprogramming, and anti-cancer immunotherapy. The results demonstrated EGCG can promote the anti-cancer immune response of cytotoxic lymphocytes and dendritic cells (DCs), attenuate the immunosuppression of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs), and inhibit the tumor-promoting functions of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), and various stromal cells including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), endothelial cells (ECs), stellate cells, and mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). Additionally, EGCG can suppress multiple metabolic reprogramming pathways, including glucose uptake, aerobic glycolysis, glutamine metabolism, fatty acid anabolism, and nucleotide synthesis. Finally, EGCG, as an immunomodulator and immune checkpoint blockade, can enhance immunotherapeutic efficacy and may be a promising candidate for antitumor immunotherapy. In conclusion, EGCG plays versatile regulatory roles in TME and metabolic reprogramming, which provides novel insights and combined therapeutic strategies for cancer immunotherapy.

Cell-Based Micro/Nano-Robots for Biomedical Applications: A Review

Micro/nano-robots are powerful tools for biomedical applications and are applied in disease diagnosis, tumor imaging, drug delivery, and targeted therapy. Among the various types of micro-robots, cell-based micro-robots exhibit unique properties because of their different cell sources. In combination with various actuation methods, particularly externally propelled methods, cell-based microrobots have enormous potential for biomedical applications. This review introduces recent progress and applications of cell-based micro/nano-robots. Different actuation methods for micro/nano-robots are summarized, and cell-based micro-robots with different cell templates are introduced. Furthermore, the review focuses on the combination of cell-based micro/nano-robots with precise control using different external fields. Potential challenges, further prospects, and clinical translations are also discussed.

Synergetic regulation of cancer cells and exhausted T cells to fight cold tumors with a fluorinated EGCG-based nanocomplex

Immune therapy that targets PD-L1 (programmed cell death-ligand 1) is attractive to augment immune response by breaking the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 axis. However, T cell exhaustion associated with insufficient T cells infiltration may diminish the efficacy of cancer therapy. Here, we report a novel delivery system of FEGCG/FPEI@siTOX composed of fluorinated EGCG (FEGCG) and fluorinated polyethyleneimine (FPEI) for delivery of small interfering RNA anti-TOX (thymus high mobility group box protein, TOX) to treat tumor and metastasis. In this way, the reduction in PD-L1 expression by FEGCG can promote T-cell function, while inhibition of TOX expression with siTOX can alleviate T-cell exhaustion. FPEI are designed to deliver siRNA with high efficiency and low toxicity compared to classical PEI. Integrating FEGCG, FPEI and siTOX into such a novel system resulted in excellent anti-tumor and antimetastatic effects. It is a promising delivery system and potential strategy for the treatment of "cold" tumors.

Co-delivery of EGCG and melittin with self-assembled fluoro-nanoparticles for enhanced cancer therapy

PURPOSE

Melittin (MPI) is a potential anticancer peptide due to its abilities of antitumor and immunomodulatory functions. Epigallocatechin-3-Ogallate (EGCG), a major extract of green tea, has shown great affinity for various types of biological molecules, especially for peptide/protein drugs. The aim of this study is to prepare a fluoro- nanoparticle (NP) formed by self-assembly of fluorinated EGCG (FEGCG) and MPI, and evaluate the effect of fluorine modification on MPI delivery and their synergistic antitumor effect.

METHODS

Characterization of FEGCG@MPI NPs was determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Biology functions of FEGCG@MPI NPs were detected by hemolysis effect, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, cellular uptake with confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. The protein expression levels of Bcl-2/Bax, IRF, STATT-1, P-STAT-1, and PD-L1 were determined via western blotting. A transwell assay and wound healing assay were used to detect the cell migration and invasion. The antitumor efficacy of FEGCG@MPI NPs was demonstrated in a subcutaneous tumor model.

RESULTS

Fluoro-nanoparticles could be formed by self-assembly of FEGCG and MPI, and fluorine modification on EGCG could ameliorate the side effect and delivery of MPI. The promoted therapeutics of FEGCG@MPI NPs could be achieved by regulating PD-L1 and apoptosis signaling, which might involve pathways of IRF, STAT-1/pSTAT-1, PD-L1, Bcl-2, and Bax in vitro. Moreover, FEGCG@MPI NPs could significantly inhibit the growth of tumor in vivo.

CONCLUSIONS

FEGCG@MPI NPs may offer a potential platform and promising strategy in cancer therapy.

Nanoparticles loaded with pharmacologically active plant-derived natural products: Biomedical applications and toxicity

Pharmacologically active natural products have played a significant role in the history of drug development. They have acted as sources of therapeutic drugs for various diseases such as cancer and infectious diseases. However, most natural products suffer from poor water solubility and low bioavailability, limiting their clinical applications. The rapid development of nanotechnology has opened up new directions for applying natural products and numerous studies have explored the biomedical applications of nanomaterials loaded with natural products. This review covers the recent research on applying plant-derived natural products (PDNPs) nanomaterials, including nanomedicines loaded with flavonoids, non-flavonoid polyphenols, alkaloids, and quinones, especially their use in treating various diseases. Furthermore, some drugs derived from natural products can be toxic to the body, so the toxicity of them is discussed. This comprehensive review includes fundamental discoveries and exploratory advances in natural product-loaded nanomaterials that may be helpful for future clinical development.

Metal ions and nanometallic materials in antitumor immunity: Function, application, and perspective

The slightest change in the extra/intracellular concentration of metal ions results in amplified effects by signaling cascades that regulate both cell fate within the tumor microenvironment and immune status, which influences the network of antitumor immunity through various pathways. Based on the fact that metal ions influence the fate of cancer cells and participate in both innate and adaptive immunity, they are widely applied in antitumor therapy as immune modulators. Moreover, nanomedicine possesses the advantage of precise delivery and responsive release, which can perfectly remedy the drawbacks of metal ions, such as low target selectivity and systematic toxicity, thus providing an ideal platform for metal ion application in cancer treatment. Emerging evidence has shown that immunotherapy applied with nanometallic materials may significantly enhance therapeutic efficacy. Here, we focus on the physiopathology of metal ions in tumorigenesis and discuss several breakthroughs regarding the use of nanometallic materials in antitumor immunotherapeutics. These findings demonstrate the prominence of metal ion-based nanomedicine in cancer therapy and prophylaxis, providing many new ideas for basic immunity research and clinical application. Consequently, we provide innovative insights into the comprehensive understanding of the application of metal ions combined with nanomedicine in cancer immunotherapy in the past few years.

Nano-Based Drug Delivery of Polyphenolic Compounds for Cancer Treatment: Progress, Opportunities, and Challenges

Polyphenols and their derivates, a kind of natural product distributed in herb plants, vegetables, and fruits, are the most abundant antioxidants in the human diet and have been found to display cancer-preventative effects in several epidemiological studies. The scientific community has also validated the anti-cancer bioactivities and low toxicities of polyphenolic compounds, including flavones, tannins, phenolic acids, and anthocyanins, through in vitro and in vivo studies. However, the low stability, weak targeting ability, poor solubility, and low bioavailability of pure polyphenolic agents have significantly impaired their treatment efficacy. Nowadays, nano-based technology has been applied to surmount these restrictions and maximize the treatment efficacy of polyphenols. In this review, we summarize the advantages and related mechanisms of polyphenols in cancer treatment. Moreover, aiming at the poor solubility and low bioavailability of pure polyphenols in vivo, the advantages of nano-based delivery systems and recent research developments are highlighted. Herein, particular emphasis is mainly placed on the most widely used nanomaterials in the delivery of natural products, including liposomes, micelles, and nanogels. Finally, we present an overview and the challenges of future implementations of nano-based delivery systems of polyphenolic compounds in the cancer therapeutic field.

Self-Assembled Integrative Nutrient Carrier Platform Containing Green Tea Catechin for Short Bowel Syndrome Treatment

Extensive resection of the small intestine leads to the development of short bowel syndrome (SBS), which reduces the effective absorptive surface area of the intestine and predisposes patients to emaciation, malnutrition, and other severe symptoms. Herein, green tea catechin (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and ferrous ions (Fe²⁺ ) are utilized to construct a nutrient carrier platform that self-assembles with nutrients to form phenolic-based nutrient complexes (PNCs). PNCs effectively prolong the residence and absorption time of nutrients in the intestine. Further this platform is applied to integrate full nutrient formula, an enteral nutrition (EN) preparation containing a range of full nutrient components. In an SBS rat model, the prepared phenolic-based integrative nutrient complexes (PINCs) enhance nutritional status, improve anemia and immune function, as well as facilitate the growth of remaining intestinal villi and crypts, and maintain the integrity of the intestinal barrier. In addition, PINCs enable the modulation of gut microbial dysbiosis, enrich the abundance of beneficial bacteria, and have no toxic effects after the long-term ingestion. These results provide a proof of principle for the use of polyphenol-based nanocomplexes as EN preparation, offering a feasible strategy for both nutritional support and therapeutic perspectives for SBS treatment.