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A Bird T, Chen J, Songvilay M, Stock C, T Wharmby M, C Bristowe N, S Senn M. Large dynamic scissoring mode displacements coupled to band gap opening in the cubic phase of the methylammonium lead halide perovskites. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:415402. [PMID: 38914103 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad5b44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Hybrid perovskites are a rapidly growing research area, having reached photovoltaic power conversion efficiencies of over 25%. There is a increasing consensus that the structures of these materials, and hence their electronic structures, cannot be understood purely from the time and space averaged crystal structures observable by conventional methods. We apply a symmetry-motivated analysis method to analyse x-ray pair distribution function data of the cubic phases of the hybrid perovskites MAPbX3(X= I, Br, Cl). We demonstrate that, even in the cubic phase, the local structure of the inorganic components of MAPbX3(X= I, Br, Cl), are dominated by scissoring type deformations of the PbX6octahedra. We find these modes to have a larger amplitude than equivalent distortions in theA-site deficient perovskite ScF3and demonstrate that they show a significant departure from the harmonic approximation. Calculations performed on an inorganic perovskite analogue, FrPbBr3, show that the large amplitudes of the scissoring modes are coupled to a dynamic opening of the electronic band gap. Finally, we use density functional theory calculations to show that the organic MA cations reorientate to accommodate the large amplitude scissoring modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A Bird
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Jungshen Chen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Manila Songvilay
- Institut Néel, CNRS and Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Chris Stock
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - Michael T Wharmby
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicholas C Bristowe
- Centre for Materials Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Mark S Senn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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2
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Caicedo-Dávila S, Cohen A, Motti SG, Isobe M, McCall KM, Grumet M, Kovalenko MV, Yaffe O, Herz LM, Fabini DH, Egger DA. Disentangling the effects of structure and lone-pair electrons in the lattice dynamics of halide perovskites. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4184. [PMID: 38760360 PMCID: PMC11101661 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48581-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Halide perovskites show great optoelectronic performance, but their favorable properties are paired with unusually strong anharmonicity. It was proposed that this combination derives from the ns2 electron configuration of octahedral cations and associated pseudo-Jahn-Teller effect. We show that such cations are not a prerequisite for the strong anharmonicity and low-energy lattice dynamics encountered in these materials. We combine X-ray diffraction, infrared and Raman spectroscopies, and molecular dynamics to contrast the lattice dynamics of CsSrBr3 with those of CsPbBr3, two compounds that are structurally similar but with the former lacking ns2 cations with the propensity to form electron lone pairs. We exploit low-frequency diffusive Raman scattering, nominally symmetry-forbidden in the cubic phase, as a fingerprint of anharmonicity and reveal that low-frequency tilting occurs irrespective of octahedral cation electron configuration. This highlights the role of structure in perovskite lattice dynamics, providing design rules for the emerging class of soft perovskite semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Caicedo-Dávila
- Physics Department, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Adi Cohen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Silvia G Motti
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Masahiko Isobe
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kyle M McCall
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, EMPA - Swiss National Laboratories for Materials and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Manuel Grumet
- Physics Department, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, EMPA - Swiss National Laboratories for Materials and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Omer Yaffe
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Laura M Herz
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- TUM Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Douglas H Fabini
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - David A Egger
- Physics Department, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.
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Zuri S, Shapiro A, Kronik L, Lifshitz E. Uncovering Multiple Intrinsic Chiral Phases in (PEA) 2PbI 4 Halide Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:4901-4907. [PMID: 37200134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskites offer a unique platform for investigating the ground state of materials possessing significant anharmonicity. In contrast to three-dimensional perovskites, their 2D counterparts offer substantially fewer degrees of freedom, resulting in multiple well-defined crystal structures. In this work, we thoroughly investigate the anharmonic ground state of the benchmark (PEA)2PbI4 compound, using complementary information from low-temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence spectroscopy, supported by density functional theory calculations. We extrapolate four crystallographic configurations from low-temperature XRD. These configurations imply that the ground state has an intrinsic disorder stemming from two coexisting chiral sublattices, each with a bioriented organic spacer molecule. We further show evidence that these chiral structures form unevenly populated ground states, portraying uneven anharmonicity, where the state population may be tuned by surface effects. Our results uncover a disordered ground state that may induce intrinsic grain boundaries, which cannot be ignored in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahar Zuri
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Helen Diller Quantum Information Center and the Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Arthur Shapiro
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Helen Diller Quantum Information Center and the Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Leeor Kronik
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth 76100, Israel
| | - Efrat Lifshitz
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Helen Diller Quantum Information Center and the Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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4
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Reuveni G, Diskin-Posner Y, Gehrmann C, Godse S, Gkikas GG, Buchine I, Aharon S, Korobko R, Stoumpos CC, Egger DA, Yaffe O. Static and Dynamic Disorder in Formamidinium Lead Bromide Single Crystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:1288-1293. [PMID: 36722023 PMCID: PMC9923750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We show that formamidinium-based crystals are distinct from methylammonium-based halide perovskite crystals because their inorganic sublattice exhibits intrinsic local static disorder that coexists with a well-defined average crystal structure. Our study combines terahertz-range Raman scattering with single-crystal X-ray diffraction and first-principles calculations to probe the evolution of inorganic sublattice dynamics with temperature in the range of 10-300 K. The temperature evolution of the Raman spectra shows that low-temperature, local static disorder strongly affects the crystal structural dynamics and phase transitions at higher temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Reuveni
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot76100, Israel
| | - Yael Diskin-Posner
- Chemical
Research Support, Weizmann Institute of
Science, Rehovot76100, Israel
| | - Christian Gehrmann
- Department
of Physics, Technical University of Munich, 85748Garching, Germany
| | - Shravan Godse
- Department
of Physics, Technical University of Munich, 85748Garching, Germany
| | - Giannis G. Gkikas
- Department
of Materials Science and Technology, University
of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, GR70013, Greece
| | - Isaac Buchine
- Department
of Chemistry and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan5290002, Israel
| | - Sigalit Aharon
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot76100, Israel
| | - Roman Korobko
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot76100, Israel
| | - Constantinos C. Stoumpos
- Department
of Materials Science and Technology, University
of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, GR70013, Greece
| | - David A. Egger
- Department
of Physics, Technical University of Munich, 85748Garching, Germany
| | - Omer Yaffe
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot76100, Israel
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5
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Zhu X, Caicedo-Dávila S, Gehrmann C, Egger DA. Probing the Disorder Inside the Cubic Unit Cell of Halide Perovskites from First-Principles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:22973-22981. [PMID: 35446538 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Strong deviations in the finite temperature atomic structure of halide perovskites from their average geometry can have profound impacts on optoelectronic and other device-relevant properties. Detailed mechanistic understandings of these structural fluctuations and their consequences remain, however, limited by the experimental and theoretical challenges involved in characterizing strongly anharmonic vibrational characteristics and their impact on other properties. We overcome some of these challenges by a theoretical characterization of the vibrational interactions that occur among the atoms in the prototypical cubic CsPbBr3. Our investigation based on first-principles molecular dynamics calculations finds that the motions of neighboring Cs-Br atoms interlock, which appears as the most likely Cs-Br distance being significantly shorter than what is inferred from an ideal cubic structure. This form of dynamic Cs-Br coupling coincides with very shallow dynamic potential wells for Br motions that occur across a locally and dynamically disordered energy landscape. We reveal an interesting dynamic coupling mechanism among the atoms within the nominal unit cell of cubic CsPbBr3 and quantify the important local structural fluctuations on an atomic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhou Zhu
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Sebastián Caicedo-Dávila
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christian Gehrmann
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - David A Egger
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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6
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Zhan J, Yang J, Xie X, Prezhdo OV, Li W. Interplay of structural fluctuations and charge carrier dynamics is key for high performance of hybrid lead halide perovskites. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi01482c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Interplay of organic cation rotation and inorganic lattice fluctuation maintains the high performance of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jack Yang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Xiaoyin Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, China
| | - Oleg V. Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Wei Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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