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Wang G, Wang J, Cui Y, Chen Z, Wang W, Yu Y, Zhang T, Ma L, Xiao Y, Qiao J, Xu Y, Hao XT, Hou J. Achieving High Fill Factor in Organic Photovoltaic Cells by Tuning Molecular Electrostatic Potential Fluctuation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401066. [PMID: 38450828 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
In the field of organic photovoltaics (OPVs), significant progress has been made in tailoring molecular structures to enhance the open-circuit voltage and the short-circuit current density. However, there remains a crucial gap in the development of coordinated material design strategies focused on improving the fill factor (FF). Here, we introduce a molecular design strategy that incorporates electrostatic potential fluctuation to design organic photovoltaic materials. By reducing the fluctuation amplitude of IT-4F, we synthesized a new acceptor named ITOC6-4F. When using PBQx-TF as a donor, the ITOC6-4F-based cell shows a markedly low recombination rate constant of 0.66×10-14 cm3 s-1 and demonstrates an outstanding FF of 0.816, both of which are new records for binary OPV cells. Also, we find that a small fluctuation amplitude could decrease the energetic disorder of OPV cells, reducing energy loss. Finally, the ITOC6-4F-based cell creates the highest efficiency of 16.0 % among medium-gap OPV cells. Our work holds a vital implication for guiding the design of high-performance OPV materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wenxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lijiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiawei Qiao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Ye Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Trina Solar, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Xiao-Tao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Ji J, Wu Z, Xie J, Wang W, Qian H, Liang Z. Dual Polymerized Y-Acceptors of Distinct-Dimensionality Create Neuron-Like Interpenetrating Hierarchical Network towards Efficient and Stable All-Polymer Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313237. [PMID: 38214364 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
All-polymer solar cells have garnered particular attention thanks to their superior thermal, photo, and mechanical stabilities for large-scale manufacturing, yet the performance enhancement remains largely restrained by inherent morphological challenges of the bulk-heterojunction active layer. Herein, a 3D Y-branched polymerized small-molecule acceptor named PYBF, characteristic of high molecular weight and glass transition temperature, is designed and synthesized by precisely linking C3h-symmetric benzotrifuran with Y6 acceptors. In comparison to the benchmark thiophene-bridged linear PYIT acceptor, an optical blue-shift absorption is observed for PYBF yet a slightly higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.7% (vs 15.14%) is obtained when paired with polymer donor PM6, which benefit from the more crystalline and face-on-oriented PYBF domains. However, the star-like bulky structure of PYBF results in the nucleation-growth dominant phase-separation in polymeric blends, which generates stumpy droplet-like acceptor fibrils and impairs the continuity of acceptor phases. This issue is however surprisingly resolved by incorporating a small amount of PYIT, which leads to the formation of the more interconnective neuron-like dual-acceptor domains by long-chain entanglements of linear acceptors and alleviates bimolecular recombination. Thus, the champion device realizes a respectable PCE of up to ≈17% and importantly exhibits thermal and storage stabilities superior to the linear counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Ji
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jiaqi Xie
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Weiyi Wang
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hui Qian
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ziqi Liang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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Qiu D, Zhang H, Tian C, Zhang J, Zhu L, Wei Z, Lu K. Central Core Substitutions and Film-Formation Process Optimization Enable Approaching 19% Efficiency All-Polymer Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2307398. [PMID: 37801215 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular interactions and film-formation processes greatly impact the blend film morphology and device performances of all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs). Molecular structure, such as the central cores of polymer acceptors, would significantly influence this process. Herein, the central core substitutions of polymer acceptors are adjusted and three quinoxaline (Qx)-fused-core-based materials, PQx1, PQx2, and PQx3 are synthesized. The molecular aggregation ability and intermolecular interaction are systematically regulated, which subsequently influence the film-formation process and determine the resulting blend film morphology. As a result, PQx3, with favorable aggregation ability and moderate interaction with polymer donor PM6, achieves efficient all-PSCs with a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.60%, which could be further improved to 18.06% after carefully optimizing device annealing and interface layer. This impressive PCE is one of the highest values for binary all-PSCs based on the classical polymer donor PM6. PYF-T-o is also involved in promoting light utilization, and the resulting ternary device shows an impressive PCE of 18.82%. In addition, PM6:PQx3-based devices exhibit high film-thickness tolerance, superior stability, and considerable potential for large-scale devices (16.23% in 1 cm2 device). These results highlight the importance of structure optimization of polymer acceptors and film-formation process control for obtaining efficient and stable all-PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingding Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chenyang Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lingyun Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kun Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Peng J, Wang K, Li M, Peng Z, Liu H, Huang M, Zhao B. A-A Strategy Enables Desirable Performance of All-Polymer Solar Cells Fabricated with Nonhalogenated Solvents. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:48255-48263. [PMID: 37792498 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Most polymer acceptors have been designed by applying a D (electron-rich unit)-A (electron-deficient unit) strategy, which are principally processed with halogenated solvents to fabricate all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs). Two novel polymer acceptors, containing an A-A type backbone, were designed and synthesized, which can be readily dissolved in o-xylene. The polymer PY-FBTA, comprising a Y6 derivative as the first A unit and a benzotriazole derivative as the second A unit, shows smaller dihedral angles in the backbone, stronger molecular interactions, higher LUMO level, more complementary absorption spectrum, and better morphology with PM6 than the polymer PY-DPP comprising a diketopyrrolopyrrole derivative as the second A unit. Accordingly, the PM6:PY-FBTA all-PSC achieves a higher PCE of 13.95% than the all-PSC based on PM6:PY-DPP (9.51%) for thoroughly improved Jsc (22.34 mA cm-2), Voc (0.963 V), and FF (64.84%) values, which are fabricated with o-xylene as the solvent. This work demonstrates that the A-A structure is a desirable strategy for designing polymer acceptors for efficient all-PSCs prepared with nonhalogenated solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxun Peng
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials & Application Technology of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials & Application Technology of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Mengjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials & Application Technology of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Zeyan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials & Application Technology of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Hailu Liu
- Hunan Chemical Vocational Technology College, Zhuzhou 412000, China
| | - Meihua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials & Application Technology of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials & Application Technology of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
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Liang H, Bi X, Chen H, He T, Lin Y, Zhang Y, Ma K, Feng W, Ma Z, Long G, Li C, Kan B, Zhang H, Rakitin OA, Wan X, Yao Z, Chen Y. A rare case of brominated small molecule acceptors for high-efficiency organic solar cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4707. [PMID: 37543678 PMCID: PMC10404295 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40423-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Given that bromine possesses similar properties but extra merits of easily synthesizing and polarizing comparing to homomorphic fluorine and chlorine, it is quite surprising very rare high-performance brominated small molecule acceptors have been reported. This may be caused by undesirable film morphologies stemming from relatively larger steric hindrance and excessive crystallinity of bromides. To maximize the advantages of bromides while circumventing weaknesses, three acceptors (CH20, CH21 and CH22) are constructed with stepwise brominating on central units rather than conventional end groups, thus enhancing intermolecular packing, crystallinity and dielectric constant of them without damaging the favorable intermolecular packing through end groups. Consequently, PM6:CH22-based binary organic solar cells render the highest efficiency of 19.06% for brominated acceptors, more excitingly, a record-breaking efficiency of 15.70% when further thickening active layers to ~500 nm. By exhibiting such a rare high-performance brominated acceptor, our work highlights the great potential for achieving record-breaking organic solar cells through delicately brominating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazhe Liang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Xingqi Bi
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongbin Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Tengfei He
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunxin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Kangqiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Wanying Feng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Zaifei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China
| | - Guankui Long
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Kan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Oleg A Rakitin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Xiangjian Wan
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaoyang Yao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China.
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Liu Z, Li Q, Fu L, Wang J, Ma J, Zhang C, Wang R. Excited-State Dynamics in All-Polymer Blends with Polymerized Small-Molecule Acceptors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301931. [PMID: 37271886 PMCID: PMC10427414 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymerizing small-molecular acceptors (SMAs) is a promising route to construct high performance polymer acceptors of all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs). After SMA polymerization, the microstructure of molecular packing is largely modified, which is essential in regulating the excited-state dynamics during the photon-to-current conversion. Nevertheless, the relationship between the molecular packing and excited-state dynamics in polymerized SMAs (PSMAs) remains poorly understood. Herein, the excited-state dynamics and molecular packing are investigated in the corresponding PSMA and SMA utilizing a combination of experimental and theoretical methods. This study finds that the charge separation from intra-moiety delocalized states (i-DEs) is much faster in blends with PSMAs, but the loosed π-π molecular packing suppresses the excitation conversion from the local excitation (LE) to the i-DE, leading to additional radiative losses from LEs. Moreover, the increased aggregations of PSMA in the blends decrease donor: acceptor interfaces, which reduces triplet losses from the bimolecular charge recombination. These findings suggest that excited-state dynamics may be manipulated by the molecular packing in blends with PSMAs to further optimize the performance of all-PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine ChemicalsMinistry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyXinjiang UniversityUrumqi830046China
- National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresSchool of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210093China
| | - Qian Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresSchool of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210093China
| | - Lulu Fu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan250000China
| | - Jide Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine ChemicalsMinistry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyXinjiang UniversityUrumqi830046China
| | - Jing Ma
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational ChemistryKey Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOESchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing210093China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresSchool of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210093China
- Institute of Materials EngineeringNanjing UniversityNantongJiangsu226019China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of PhysicsNanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, and Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics (NUAA)MIITNanjing211106China
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