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Li Z, He Z, Wang L, Meng W, Dai X, Liu G, Liu Y, Zhang X. High-performance hydrogen evolution reaction in quadratic nodal line semimetal Na 2CdSn. iScience 2024; 27:110708. [PMID: 39262793 PMCID: PMC11387805 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Topological nodal line semimetals (TNLSMs), which exhibit one-dimensional (1D) band crossing in their electronic band structure, have been predicted to be potential catalysts in electrocatalytic processes. However, the current studies are limited to the TNLSMs where the dispersion around the nodal line is linear in all directions. Here, the potential application of the quadratic nodal line (QNL) semimetal Na2CdSn in hydrogen evolution reaction is explored. Based on the bulk-boundary correspondence, we find that the topological surface states (TSSs) of the QNL are extended in the entire Brillouin zone. A linear relationship between the density of states of the TSSs and the Gibbs free energy is established in Na2CdSn. Remarkably, the best performance of Na2CdSn can be comparable to that of the noble metal Pt. Therefore, our work not only identifies an innovative type of topological catalyst with a QNL state but also confirms the relationship between TSSs and catalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Zeqing He
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Lirong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Weizhen Meng
- College of Physics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Photophysics Research and Application, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Xuefang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Guodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
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2
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Zhou J, You JY, Zhao YM, Feng YP, Shen L. Van der Waals Electrides. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:2572-2581. [PMID: 39159428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusElectrides make up a fascinating group of materials with unique physical and chemical properties. In these materials, excess electrons do not behave like normal electrons in metals or form any chemical bonds with atoms. Instead, they "float" freely in the gaps within the material's structure, acting like negatively charged particles called anions (see the graph). Recently, there has been a surge of interest in van der Waals (vdW) electrides or electrenes in two dimensions. A typical example is layered lanthanum bromide (LaBr2), which can be taken as [La3+(Br1-)2]+•(e-). Each excess free electron is trapped within a hexagonal pore, forming dense dots of electron density. These anionic electrons are loosely bound, giving vdW electrides some unique properties such as ferromagnetism, superconductivity, topological features, and Dirac plasmons. The high density of the free electron makes electrides very promising for applications in thermionic emission, organic light-emitting diodes, and high-performance catalysts.In this Account, we first discuss the discovery of numerous vdW electrides through high-throughput computational screening of over 67,000 known inorganic crystals in Materials Project. A dozen of them have been newly discovered and have not been reported before. Importantly, they possess completely different structural prototypes and properties of anionic electrons compared to widely studied electrides such as Ca2N. Finding these new vdW electrides expands the variety of electrides that can be made in the experiment and opens up new possibilities for studying their unique properties and applications.Then, based on the screened vdW electrides, we delve into their various emerging properties. For example, we developed a new magnetic mechanism specific to atomic-orbital-free ferromagnetism in electrides. We uncover the dual localized and extended nature of the anionic electrons in such electrides and demonstrate the formation of the local moment by the localized feature and the ferromagnetic interaction by the direct overlapping of their extended states. We further show the effective tuning of the magnetic properties of vdW electrides by engineering their structural, electronic, and compositional properties. Besides, we show that the complex interaction between the multiple quantum orderings in vdW electrides leads to many interesting properties including valley polarization, charge density waves, a topological property, a superconducting property, and a thermoelectrical property.Moreover, we discuss strategies to leverage the unique intrinsic properties of vdW electrides for practical applications. We show that these properties make vdW electrides potential candidates for advanced applications such as spin-orbit torque memory devices, valleytronic devices, K-ion batteries, and thermoelectricity. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future perspectives for research using these emerging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jing-Yang You
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Singapore
| | - Yi-Ming Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Yuan Ping Feng
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Singapore
| | - Lei Shen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Chongqing) Research Institute, Chongqing 401123, China
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Jiang J, Meng W, Jin L, Gao H, Zhang X. Electride pure α-Zr: interstitial electrons induced type-II nodal line. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:305702. [PMID: 38660983 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad3ac2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Electrides have attracted significant attention in the fields of physics, materials science, and chemistry due to their distinctive electron properties characterized by weak nuclear binding. In this study, based on first-principles calculations and symmetry analysis, we report that the pure zirconium with alpha-phase (α-Zr) is expected to be the electrically neutral electride with topological nodal loop. Furthermore, the nodal loop located at thekz= 0 plane exhibits a clear drumhead-like surface state. The energy levels of the topological nodal loop can be regulated by applying uniaxial strain, resulting in the topological nodal loop being closer to the Fermi level. Remarkably, the work function of the electride Zr shows a significant anisotropy along the (001), (100), and (110) directions, particularly with a low work function of 3.14 eV along the (110) surface. Therefore, we predict thatα-Zr provides a promising platform for future research on topological electrides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Jiang
- Hebei Engineering Laboratory of Photoelectronic Functional Crystals, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizhen Meng
- College of Physics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Photophysics Research and Application, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Hongli Gao
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, No.100, Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Hebei Engineering Laboratory of Photoelectronic Functional Crystals, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People's Republic of China
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4
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Weng G, Laderer W, Alexandrova AN. Understanding the Adiabatic Evolution of Surface States in Tetradymite Topological Insulators under Electrochemical Conditions. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:2732-2739. [PMID: 38436223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Nontrivial surface states in topological materials have emerged as exciting targets for surface chemistry research. In particular, topological insulators have been used as electrodes in electrocatalytic reactions. Herein, we investigate the robustness of the topological surface states and band topology under electrochemical conditions, specifically in the presence of an electric double layer. First-principles band structure calculations are performed on the electrified (111) surfaces of Bi2Te3, Bi2Se3, and Sb2Te3 using an implicit electrolyte model. Our results demonstrate the adiabatic evolution of the surface states upon surface charging. Under oxidizing potentials, the surface states are shifted upward in energy, preserving the Dirac point on the surface and the band inversion in the bulk. Conversely, under reduced potentials, hybridization is observed between the surface and bulk states, suggesting a likely breakdown of topological protection. The position of the Fermi level, which dictates the working states in catalytic reactions, should ideally be confined within the bulk bandgap. This requirement defines a potential window for the effective application of topological electrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorong Weng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - William Laderer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Anastassia N Alexandrova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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5
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Li Z, Liu Y, He Z, Wang L, Dai X, Liu G. Monolayer Cu 2Se: a topological catalysis in CO 2electroreduction. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:165201. [PMID: 38211322 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad1d85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
This investigation provides a comprehensive exploration into the intricate interplay between topological surface states (TSS) and catalytic performance in two-dimensional (2D) materials, with specific emphasis on monolayer Cu2Se. Leveraging the unique characteristics of nodal loop semimetals (NLSMs), we delve into the precise influence of TSS on catalytic activity, particularly in the domain of CO2electrochemical reduction. Our findings illuminate the central role played by these TSS, arising from the underlying NLSM framework, in sculpting catalytic efficiency. The length of these surface states emerges as a critical determinant of surface density of states (DOSs), a fundamental factor governing catalytic behavior. Extension of these surface states correlates with heightened surface DOSs, yielding lower Gibbs free energies and consequently enhancing catalytic performance, particularly in the electrochemical reduction of CO2. Moreover, we underscore the profound importance of preserving symmetries that protect the nodal loop. The disruption of these symmetries is found to result in a significant degradation of catalytic efficacy, underscoring the paramount significance of topological features in facilitating catalytic processes. Therefore, this study not only elucidates the fundamental role of TSS in dictating the catalytic performance of topological 2D materials but also paves the way for harnessing these unique attributes to drive sustainable and highly efficient catalysis across a diverse spectrum of chemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeqing He
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People's Republic of China
| | - Lirong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefang Dai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People's Republic of China
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6
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Chen Y, Xie T, Chen Z, Cui Z, Wen C, Sa B. Predicted superconductivity in one-dimensional A 3Hf 2B 3-type electrides. RSC Adv 2023; 13:34400-34409. [PMID: 38024995 PMCID: PMC10667593 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07383a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inorganic electrides are considered potential superconductors due to the unique properties of their anionic electrons. However, most electrides require external high-pressure conditions to exhibit considerable superconducting transition temperatures (Tc). Therefore, searching for superconducting electrides under low or moderate external pressures is of significant research interest and importance. In this work, a series of A3Hf2B3-type compounds (A = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba; B = Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) were constructed and systematically studied based on density functional theory calculations. According to the analysis of the electronic structures and phonon dispersion spectrums, stable one-dimensional electrides Ca3Hf2Ge3, Ca3Hf2Sn3, and Sr3Hf2Pb3, were screened out. Interestingly, the superconductivity of these electrides were predicted from electron phonon coupling calculations. It is highlighted that Sr3Hf2Pb3 showed the highest Tc, reaching 4.02 K, while the Tc values of Ca3Hf2Ge3 and Ca3Hf2Sn3 were 1.16 K and 1.04 K, respectively. Moreover, the Tc value of Ca3Hf2Ge3 can be increased to 1.96 K under 20 GPa due to the effect of phonon softening. This work enriches the types of superconducting electrides and has important guiding significance for the research on constructing electrides and related superconducting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Chen
- Multiscale Computational Materials Facility & Materials Genome Institute, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Teng Xie
- Multiscale Computational Materials Facility & Materials Genome Institute, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Ziqiang Chen
- Multiscale Computational Materials Facility & Materials Genome Institute, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Zhou Cui
- Multiscale Computational Materials Facility & Materials Genome Institute, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Cuilian Wen
- Multiscale Computational Materials Facility & Materials Genome Institute, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Baisheng Sa
- Multiscale Computational Materials Facility & Materials Genome Institute, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
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7
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Wang L, Zhao M, Wang J, Liu Y, Liu G, Wang X, Zhang G, Zhang X. High-Performance Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Catalysts in Two-Dimensional Nodal Line Semimetals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37879048 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The discipline of topological quantum catalysts (TQCs) is developing due to the emergence of exotic quantum materials and their corresponding catalysts. Although a series of 3D TQCs with different topological signatures are proposed, the emergence of 2D TQCs in 2D topological semimetals is still rarely touched by others. As a typical example, we proposed that the 2D nodal line semimetal Cu2Si monolayer is a superior TQC for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Using first-principles calculations, we find that the Cu2Si monolayer exhibits two Γ-centered nodal lines (L1 and L2) in the kz = 0 plane. The Gibbs free energy (ΔGH*) of Cu2Si is as low as 0.195 eV, comparable to that of Pt, and better than other conventional catalysts. Moreover, it is found that changing the position of nodal lines (relative to the Fermi level) under different electron/hole conditions can effectively affect the catalytic activity of HER. Besides Cu2Si, the emergence of high HER performance in other 2D nodal line semimetals, Ti3C2, Cr2S3, ScCl, and CuSe, is also theoretically determined. These results highlight the critical role of nodal lines in studying electrocatalytic mechanisms for TQCs and benefit the seeking of high-performance HER catalysts without noble metals on a 2D scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Min Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Guodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Xiaotian Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Institute of High-Performance Computing, 138632 Singapore
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
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8
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Zhao M, Meng W, Wang L, He Z, Jin L, Liu Y, Dai X, Zhang X, Li H, Liu G. Drumhead surface states promoted hydrogen evolution reactions in type-II nodal-line topological catalyst Mg 3Bi 2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:26566-26574. [PMID: 37753587 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02721j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
An excellent catalyst generally meets three indicators: high electron mobility, high surface density of states and low Gibbs free energy (ΔG) [H. Luo et al. Nat. Rev. Phys., 2022, 4, 611-624]. Recent studies have confirmed that topological materials exhibit more advantages than conventional precious metals with regard to the above-mentioned indicators. Herein, based on DFT calculations and symmetry analysis, we discovered for the first time that the topological surface states of Mg3Bi2 with a Kagome lattice promote hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs). In particular, there exists a snake-like type-II nodal loop (NL), located on kz = 0 plane in Mg3Bi2. Besides, the NL forms a topologically protected drumhead surface state on the (001) surface. It was found that the ΔG (0.176 eV) value of the (001) surface is comparable to that of the precious metal Pt. Then, through hole doping and strain regulation, it was found that the catalytic activity of Mg3Bi2 is closely related to the drumhead surface state formed by NL. With the above-mentioned results, this study not only provides a promising candidate material for hydrogen electrolysis, but also deepens our understanding of the dominant factors of NL semimetals for the catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China.
| | - Weizhen Meng
- College of Physics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Photo physics Research and Application, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
| | - Lirong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China.
| | - Zeqing He
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China.
| | - Lei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China.
| | - Xuefang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China.
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China.
| | - Hongshi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China.
| | - Guodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China.
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9
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Li C, Li M, Li Y, He T, Liu Y, Zhang X, Dai X, Liu G. Two-dimensional half-metallicity and fully spin-polarized topological fermions in monolayer EuOBr. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2023; 35:264002. [PMID: 36990099 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/acc8b2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) half-metal and topological states have been the current research focus in condensed matter physics. Herein, we report a novel 2D material named EuOBr monolayer, which can simultaneously show 2D half-metal and topological fermions. This material shows a metallic state in the spin-up channel but a large insulating gap of 4.38 eV in the spin-down channel. In the conducting spin channel, the EuOBr monolayer shows the coexistence of Weyl points and nodal-lines near the Fermi level. These nodal-lines are classified by type-I, hybrid, closed, and open nodal-lines. The symmetry analysis suggests these nodal-lines are protected by the mirror symmetry, which cannot be broken even spin-orbit coupling is included because the ground magnetization direction in the material is out-of-plane [001]. The topological fermions in the EuOBr monolayer are fully spin-polarized, which can be meaningful for future applications in topological spintronic nano-devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yefeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingli He
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People's Republic of China
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10
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Wei X, Jin L, Zhang X, Liu Y, Dai X, Liu G. A two-dimensional tunable double Weyl fermion in BL-α borophene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:7338-7343. [PMID: 36825463 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05559g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials with nontrivial band crossings, namely linear or double Weyl points, have been attracting tremendous attention. However, it remains a challenge to find existing 2D materials that host such nontrivial states. Here, based on first-principles calculations and symmetry analysis, we discover that the recently synthesized BL-α borophene is a metal with a tunable double Weyl point. Remarkably, both bands forming the double Weyl point have upward band bending. In addition, it shows an anisotropic band dispersion when away from the double Weyl point. To characterize its anisotropy, we define a quantity G, which could be changed from 1 to infinity when going from the energy of the double Weyl point to the Fermi level. Furthermore, the outer band of the double Weyl point is sensitive to biaxial strain, and could be changed from upward bending to downward bending. During this process, it has a critical case, in which the outer-band becomes flat. The changes in outer-band induce a variation in the density of states around the double Weyl point, thus giving rise to changes in its macroscopic physical properties. Applying a uniaxial strain enables the double Weyl point to transform into a pair of Weyl points by breaking the threefold rotation of BL-α borophene. When breaking the inversion symmetry and in-plane twofold rotation symmetry by a vertical symmetry, the double Weyl point still persisted; meanwhile, an additional pair of linear Weyl points appears on the high-symmetry path, giving rise to a Weyl complex case. Overall, our work thus provides an existing 2D material, BL-α borophene, to study the nontrivial band crossings in 2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China. .,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China.
| | - Lei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China. .,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China.
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China. .,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China.
| | - Xuefang Dai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China.
| | - Guodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China. .,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China.
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11
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Zhang X, Meng W, Liu Y, Dai X, Liu G, Kou L. Magnetic Electrides: High-Throughput Material Screening, Intriguing Properties, and Applications. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5523-5535. [PMID: 36823736 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Electrides are a unique class of electron-rich materials where excess electrons are localized in interstitial lattice sites as anions, leading to a range of unique properties and applications. While hundreds of electrides have been discovered in recent years, magnetic electrides have received limited attention, with few investigations into their fundamental physics and practical applications. In this work, 51 magnetic electrides (12 antiferromagnetic, 13 ferromagnetic, and 26 interstitial-magnetic) were identified using high-throughput computational screening methods and the latest Materials Project database. Based on their compositions, these magnetic electrides can be classified as magnetic semiconductors, metals, or half-metals, each with unique topological states and excellent catalytic performance for N2 fixation due to their low work functions and excess electrons. The novel properties of magnetic electrides suggest potential applications in spintronics, topological electronics, electron emission, and as high-performance catalysts. This work marks the beginning of a new era in the identification, investigation, and practical applications of magnetic electrides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Weizhen Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Xuefang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Guodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Liangzhi Kou
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Garden Point Campus, Brisbane 4001, Queensland, Australia
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