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Madhusoodanan V, Bitran J, Towe M, Ritch C. Financial and Business Literacy Among Urology Residents: Is this a Problem and How Can We Better Prepare Residents for their Careers? Curr Urol Rep 2024; 25:207-214. [PMID: 38904922 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-024-01216-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Although financial wellness is a predictor of physician burnout, we are yet to optimize financial education or wellness of Urology trainees. We assessed existing studies, compared them to those of other specialties, and discussed resources and methods to address this deficiency. RECENT FINDINGS Urology residents tend to be less fiscally savvy (carry significant debt, and lack retirement savings or disability insurance), and 90% of trainees and young Urologists do not feel comfortable with the business of practice, including skills like coding and billing, contract negotiation, and self-value assessment. Financial and business literacy are deficiencies of Urology training, as in other specialties. Eventually, the goal should be universal adoption of a formal curriculum that is graded in nature. In the interim, we need to propose and endorse adoption of a formal curriculum, and we should support trainees by promoting a space for easily accessible and transparent information regarding best practices in personal finance and the business of healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Madhusoodanan
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 3313, USA.
| | - Joshua Bitran
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 3313, USA
| | - Maxwell Towe
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 3313, USA
| | - Chad Ritch
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 3313, USA
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Fischer NM, Handelsman R, Schointuch M, Vitez S, Szczupak A, Sanfilippo J. An Assessment of Business of Medicine Knowledge in Obstetrics and Gynecology Fellows: A Pilot Study. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2024; 37:383-388. [PMID: 38301796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2024.01.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To identify knowledge gaps in business education among obstetrics and gynecology fellows METHODS: An online anonymous survey was distributed to obstetrics and gynecology subspecialty fellows, including pediatric and adolescent gynecology, minimally invasive gynecologic surgery, and reproductive endocrinology and infertility fellows. RESULTS Of the 483 fellows who received the questionnaire, 159 completed the surveys, resulting in a response rate of 32.9%. A total of 80 reproductive endocrinology and infertility fellows (50.3%), 47 minimally invasive gynecologic surgery fellows (29.6%), and 32 pediatric and adolescent gynecology (20.1%) fellows completed the survey. Over half reported debt from either undergraduate or medical school (52.2%). Over half (58.5%) reported 0 hours of finance education in their residency or fellowship training. In general, fellows reported relatively higher levels of confidence in nonmedical aspects of business, such as purchasing a home (63.9%), life and disability insurance (57.2%), and making financial plans for the future (57.9%). Conversely, a large portion of fellows reported feeling "not at all confident" in business topics related to the field of medicine, including contract negotiation (24.7%), non-competes (27.1%), relative value units system-based pay (32.0%), general office practice management (58.2%), legal aspects of business (71.8%), accounting and billing (54.4%), and marketing (55.7%). CONCLUSION Our survey demonstrates an unmet demand among obstetrics and gynecology fellows to learn topics related to the business of medicine. Knowledge of these topics is critical for those pursuing private practice or academic medicine. Future initiatives should evaluate other subspecialties and prioritize creating a standardized education tool to better prepare trainees entering medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Mercado Fischer
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Roy Handelsman
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Monica Schointuch
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sally Vitez
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alexandra Szczupak
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph Sanfilippo
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Dehmoobad Sharifabadi A, Bellini J, Alabousi A, Monteiro S, Mensinkai A, Al-Arnawoot B. Investigating Canadian Radiology Residents' Personal Financial Literacy: A Nation-Wide Assessment. Can Assoc Radiol J 2024:8465371241255231. [PMID: 38804509 DOI: 10.1177/08465371241255231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Canadian resident physicians carry large debt to finance their education, which impacts their wellness and their future decision making. The objective of this observational study is to assess the financial literacy of Canadian radiology residents through testing their financial knowledge and examining their current financial status. Methods: A survey was designed to assess the financial literacy and current financial status of radiology residents, which was distributed to Canadian radiology residents via Google Forms. Descriptive analyses on preliminary data and the association between level of training and financial quiz scores were obtained. Results: 104 valid responses from 16 universities were received. The majority (53%) of residents indicated that their debt was greater than $150 000. Residents on average scored 71% on the financial quiz and the scores were not associated with training level (P = .71). The majority (89%) of residents indicated a strong interest in a formal financial literacy curriculum, with 80% preferring a physician-led curriculum. Conclusion: Overall, residents face a high debt burden. Current resident physicians value a formal financial literacy curriculum as a part of their residency program despite existing financial knowledge. Most importantly, residents feel that a curriculum created with involvement of other physicians would be optimal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Bellini
- Department of Radiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Sandra Monteiro
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Arun Mensinkai
- Department of Radiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Lin CC, Semelsberger S, Saeed AA, Weiss J, Navarro RA, Gianakos AL. Perception of Debt During Resident Education-A Systematic Review. Perm J 2023; 27:99-109. [PMID: 37350090 PMCID: PMC10502380 DOI: 10.7812/tpp/23.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Debt is a common issue among medical residents in the United States. This review attempts 1) to evaluate the level of debt among residents, 2) to assess perceptions toward debt among residents, 3) to determine debt-management options pursued, and 4) to gauge whether levels of debt affect resident career choices. A systematic literature search of articles published between January 2012 and January 2022 in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases was performed. The combination of search terms of (financial literacy OR debt) AND (residency OR graduate medical education) were utilized. Primary outcome measures assessed were the levels of debt and perceptions toward the debt. Secondary outcome measures were debt-management options pursued and whether debt affected career choices for residents. Twenty-one studies evaluating a total of 15,585 residents were included in this systematic review. Levels of debt greater than $200,000 were not uncommon across residents and debt burdens are increasing. Greater levels of debt are associated with increased stress and anxiety. Residents reported multiple debt-management options pursued, including loan forbearance, moonlighting, income-based repayment models, military financial support, and loan forgiveness programs. Those with increased levels of debt were less likely to pursue subspecialty training and academic employment positions. The findings conclude that residents carry a substantial amount of debt, and it is a common source of stress and anxiety. Although there are many different avenues that are pursued for debt repayment, levels of debt appear to affect decisions to pursue subspecialty training and to pursue academic positions. Strategies or programs aimed at reducing the debt burden felt by residents could be of great value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles C Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ali Al Saeed
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer Weiss
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ronald A Navarro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arianna L Gianakos
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yale Medicine, Orthopaedics, and Rehabilitation, New Haven, CT, USA
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Wesslund HM, Payne JS, Baxter JD, Westmark DM, Bartels K, Bailey KL, Krutsinger DC. Personal Financial Wellness Curricula for Medical Trainees: A Systematic Review. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2023; 98:636-643. [PMID: 36608351 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000005136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Education debt, poor financial literacy, and a late start to retirement savings can cause financial stress among physicians. This systematic review identifies methods for curriculum development, methods for curriculum delivery, and outcome measures to evaluate the effectiveness of personal financial wellness curricula for medical students, residents, and fellows. METHOD The authors searched the Embase, MEDLINE (via EBSCO), Scopus, Education Resources Information Center (via EBSCO), and Cochrane Library databases and MedEdPORTAL (via PubMed) on July 28, 2022. Studies must have reported the outcome of at least 1 postcourse assessment to be included. RESULTS Of the 1,996 unique citations identified, 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. Three curricula (23.1%) were designed for medical students, 8 (61.5%) for residents, 1 (7.7%) for internal medicine fellows, and 1 (7.7%) for obstetrics-gynecology residents and fellows. The most frequently discussed personal finance topics included student loans, investment options, disability insurance, life insurance, retirement savings, budgeting, debt management, and general personal finance. A median (interquartile range) of 3.5 (1.4-7.0) hours was spent on personal finance topics. Eleven curricula (85.6%) relied on physicians to deliver the content. Four studies (30.8%) reported precourse and postcourse financial literacy evaluations, each showing improved financial literacy after the course. Four studies (30.8%) assessed actual or planned financial behavior changes, each credited with encouraging or assisting with financial behavioral changes. One study (7.7%) assessed participants' well-being using the Expanded Well-Being Index, which showed an improvement after the course. CONCLUSIONS Given the impact educational debt and other financial stressors can have on the wellness of medical trainees, institutions should consider investments in teaching financial literacy. Future studies should report more concrete outcome measures, including financial behavior change and validated measures of wellness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Wesslund
- H.M. Wesslund is a medical student, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Jeremy S Payne
- J.S. Payne is a resident, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Jared D Baxter
- J.D. Baxter is a resident, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Danielle M Westmark
- D.M. Westmark is assistant professor, Leon S. McGoogan Health Sciences Library, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Karsten Bartels
- K. Bartels is professor of medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Kristina L Bailey
- K.L. Bailey is associate professor, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Dustin C Krutsinger
- D.C. Krutsinger is assistant professor, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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Esposito AC, Coppersmith NA, White EM, Papageorge MV, DiSiena M, Hess D, LaFemina J, Larkin AC, Miner TJ, Nepomnayshy D, Palesty J, Rosenkranz KM, Seymour NE, Trevisani G, Whiting J, Oliveira KD, Longo WE, Yoo PS. Update on the Financial Well-Being of Surgical Residents in New England. J Am Coll Surg 2023; 236:953-960. [PMID: 36622076 DOI: 10.1097/xcs.0000000000000544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor personal financial health has been linked to key components of health including burnout, substance abuse, and worsening personal relationships. Understanding the state of resident financial health is key to improving their overall well-being. STUDY DESIGN A secondary analysis of a survey of New England general surgery residents was performed to understand their financial well-being. Questions from the National Financial Capability Study were used to compare to an age-matched and regionally matched cohort. RESULTS Overall, 44% (250 of 570) of surveyed residents responded. Residents more frequently reported spending less than their income each year compared to the control cohort (54% vs 34%, p < 0.01). However, 17% (39 of 234) of residents reported spending more than their income each year. A total of 65% of residents (152 of 234), found it "not at all difficult" to pay monthly bills vs 17% (76 of 445) of the control cohort (p < 0.01). However, 32% (75 of 234) of residents reported it was "somewhat" or "very" difficult to pay monthly bills. Residents more frequently reported they "certainly" or "probably" could "come up with" $2,000 in a month compared to the control cohort (85% vs 62% p < 0.01), but 16% (37 of 234) of residents reported they could not. In this survey, 21% (50 of 234) of residents reported having a personal life insurance policy, 25% (59 of 234) had disability insurance, 6% (15 of 234) had a will, and 27% (63 of 234) had >$300,000 worth of student loans. CONCLUSIONS Surgical residents have better financial well-being than an age-matched and regionally matched cohort, but there is still a large proportion who suffer from financial difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Esposito
- From the Yale School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, New Haven, CT (Esposito, Coppersmith, White, Papageorge, Oliveira, Longo, Yoo)
| | - Nathan A Coppersmith
- From the Yale School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, New Haven, CT (Esposito, Coppersmith, White, Papageorge, Oliveira, Longo, Yoo)
| | - Erin M White
- From the Yale School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, New Haven, CT (Esposito, Coppersmith, White, Papageorge, Oliveira, Longo, Yoo)
| | - Marianna V Papageorge
- From the Yale School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, New Haven, CT (Esposito, Coppersmith, White, Papageorge, Oliveira, Longo, Yoo)
| | - Michael DiSiena
- Berkshire Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Pittsfield, MA (DiSiena)
| | - Donald Hess
- Boston Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Boston, MA (Hess)
| | - Jennifer LaFemina
- the University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Department of Surgery, Worcester, MA (LaFemina, Larkin)
| | - Anne C Larkin
- the University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Department of Surgery, Worcester, MA (LaFemina, Larkin)
| | - Thomas J Miner
- Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Department of Surgery, Providence, RI (Miner)
| | - Dmitry Nepomnayshy
- Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Burlington, MA (Nepomnayshy)
| | - John Palesty
- Saint Mary's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Waterbury, CT (Palesty)
| | - Kari M Rosenkranz
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Lebanon, NH (Rosenkranz)
| | - Neal E Seymour
- Baystate Health, Department of Surgery, Springfield, MA (Seymour)
| | - Gino Trevisani
- the University of Vermont Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Burlington, VT (Trevisani)
| | - James Whiting
- Maine Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Portland, ME (Whiting)
| | - Kristin D Oliveira
- From the Yale School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, New Haven, CT (Esposito, Coppersmith, White, Papageorge, Oliveira, Longo, Yoo)
| | - Walter E Longo
- From the Yale School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, New Haven, CT (Esposito, Coppersmith, White, Papageorge, Oliveira, Longo, Yoo)
| | - Peter S Yoo
- From the Yale School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, New Haven, CT (Esposito, Coppersmith, White, Papageorge, Oliveira, Longo, Yoo)
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Gianakos AL, Semelsberger SD, Saeed AA, Lin C, Weiss J, Navarro R. The Case for Needed Financial Literacy Curriculum During Resident Education. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2023; 80:597-612. [PMID: 36641345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Personal physician finance is an overlooked source of stress that negatively impacts resident wellbeing with formal financial education often left out of medical training. This study attempts to (1) evaluate the perceptions of financial literacy, (2) determine the level of financial education incorporated across residency programs, and (3) evaluate the resources that residents utilize to obtain information about managing their personal finances. DESIGN A systematic literature search of articles published between January 2012 to January 2022, in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases was performed during February 2022]. The combination of search terms included: (financial literacy OR debt) AND (residency OR graduate medical education). The primary outcome measures included the perception of financial literacy during residency and the type of financial education incorporated during residency. Secondary outcomes included resources utilized to obtain financial education. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-three studies evaluating a total of 5146 residents were included in this systematic review. RESULTS The 42% to 79% of residents responded in surveys that they had "below average" understanding of finance, investing, and savings and that they felt unprepared to handle future financial decisions. 79% to 95% of respondents agreed that personal finance should be taught during residency training. The included studies also demonstrate that residents seek education through personal research, through a family member, or through attending outside financial planning seminars or courses. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that the majority of residents feel underprepared when making financial decisions and that formal financial education should be incorporated during their residency training. Educating residents can help mitigate financial stress which can improve physician well-being, reduce attrition, and result in better patient care. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna L Gianakos
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yale Medicine, Orthopaedics, and Rehabilitation, New Haven, Connecticut.
| | | | - Ali Al Saeed
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie, Pennsylvania
| | - Charles Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Jennifer Weiss
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ronald Navarro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente, Los Angeles, California
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Orr CJ, Turner AL, Ritter VS, Gutierrez-Wu J, Leslie LK. Pursuing a Career in Pediatrics: Intersection of Educational Debt and Race/Ethnicity. J Pediatr 2023; 252:162-170. [PMID: 35973445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the associations among pediatric trainees' self-reported race/ethnicity, educational debt, and other factors for pursuing a pediatrics career. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study using data from the American Board of Pediatrics In-training Examination Post-examination Survey years 2018-2020 of categorical pediatric interns. Independent variable of interest was race/ethnicity. Classifications used were White, Hispanic/Latinx, Black/African American, Asian, and other/multiracial. The primary dependent variable was educational debt; secondary dependent variables included the importance of personal, professional, and financial factors in selecting a pediatric career. Means with 95% CIs were computed to summarize scores regarding a factor's importance. Chi-square tests of homogeneity and one-way ANOVA F tests were used to compare proportions and means of dependent variables across levels of self-reported race/ethnicity. RESULTS A total of 11 150 (91.5%) completed the survey. Of the final analytical sample (7 943), approximately 6.3% self-identified as Black/African American, 8.2% as Hispanic/Latinx, 22% as Asian, and 55% as White; 44% reported >$200 000 of debt. Overall, 33% of those identifying as Black/African American had >$300 000 in educational debt. The highest ranked career factor was interest in a specific disease/patient population. The importance of educational debt in career choices was highest among those identifying as Black/African American, followed by Asians and Hispanic/Latinx. Among all races/ethnicities, the importance of mentorship decreased with higher educational debt. CONCLUSION Among individuals pursuing pediatrics, the intersection of race/ethnicity and debt may influence trainees' pursuit of pediatric careers. Educational debt negatively impacts the importance of mentorship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin J Orr
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
| | | | - Victor S Ritter
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jennifer Gutierrez-Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Laurel K Leslie
- American Board of Pediatrics, Chapel Hill, NC; Tufts School of Medicine, Boston, MA
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Igu JA, Zakaria S, Bar-Or YD. Systematic review of personal finance training for physicians and a proposed curriculum. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e064733. [PMID: 36572491 PMCID: PMC9806052 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many physicians complete medical school and graduate medical education (GME) burdened by high debt and financial illiteracy. This places them at increased risk for ill-informed financial decisions, which can result in increased stress and anxiety and a lower quality of life. Furthermore, financial concerns impact physicians' specialty selections and may partly explain the scarcity of primary care practitioners. In response, medical wellness programmes have increasingly sought to offer personal finance education, but there is little guidance on optimal curricula. Our objective is to systematically review the existing literature examining physician financial literacy curricula and to recommend a standardised personal finance curriculum. METHODS This review used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 checklist to report the results of literature searches in PubMed, ERIC, MedEdPortal, EBSCO, JSTOR and Google Scholar. Three researchers used predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria to select articles, including a focus on financial concepts applicable in the USA. Selected articles published between 2000 and 2022 were assessed using the BEME strength of findings tool, and further assessed using modified Côté-Turgeon and Kirkpatrick model qualitative analyses tools. FINDINGS 49 articles met all inclusion criteria. Ten specifically described personal finance literacy curricula for medical students or GME trainees, with varied criteria for selecting instructors, topics and outcomes. All studies reported that audiences were ill prepared for making financial decisions but strongly desired financial literacy education. Qualitative analysis revealed Strength of Findings summary scores ranging from 2 to 4, while applicable Kirkpatrick Model scores were all 3 or greater. Based on these findings, a 14-module personal finance curriculum is proposed by the researchers, along with learning objectives. INTERPRETATION Although medical students and GME trainees value financial literacy, few publications report the impact of actual curricula. These efforts vary in depth, breadth and measured impact. Future research should focus on development of valid testing instruments specifically for physicians, content standardisation, selection of credible instructors and delivery formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Akachukwu Igu
- Carey Business School, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - S Zakaria
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuval D Bar-Or
- Carey Business School, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Garrett CC, Doonan RL, Pyle C, Azimov MB. Student loan debt and financial education: a qualitative analysis of resident perceptions and implications for resident well-being. MEDICAL EDUCATION ONLINE 2022; 27:2075303. [PMID: 35583298 PMCID: PMC9122352 DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2022.2075303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High educational debt is prevalent among resident physicians and correlates with adverse well-being outcomes, including symptoms of stress and burnout. Residents also report low financial literacy levels, affecting financial well-being. Understanding resident viewpoints toward financial well-being initiatives is crucial to develop targeted resident financial well-being programs. This study aims to examine residents' experiences financing their medical education and how these experiences influence well-being and attitudes toward financial education in residency. We recruited residents from a Southern California health system with residency programs in Family Medicine, Internal Medicine, General Surgery, Orthopaedic Surgery, and Psychiatry. We contacted residents by email and text message to participate in semi-structured interviews. We conducted interviews from October 2020 to March 2021 and analyzed 59 resident interviews using reflexive thematic analysis. Among residents, 76% (45/59) had ≥ $200,000 in student loans. Residents perceived mounting medical education debt as unfairly burdensome for trainees engaged in socially beneficial work, leaving residents feeling undervalued - a feeling heightened by the stressors of the COVID-19 pandemic - and hampering well-being. Compartmentalizing debt attenuated financial stressors but often made financial education seem less pressing. A subset of residents described how financial planning restored some agency and enhanced well-being, noting that protected didactic time for financial education was crucial. Resident interviews provide practical guidance regarding designing financial education sessions. Desired education included managing debt, retirement planning, and the business of medicine. How residents framed educational debt and their degree of financial literacy impacted their well-being and sense of agency. Residents proposed that residency programs can aid in stress mitigation by providing residents with skills to help manage debt and plan for retirement. To reduce clinician indebtedness, this approach needs to occur in tandem with systemic changes to financing medical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameryn C. Garrett
- Graduate Medical Education, Community Memorial Health System, Ventura, California, USA
| | - Ronda L. Doonan
- Graduate Medical Education, Community Memorial Health System, Ventura, California, USA
| | - Casey Pyle
- Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Program, Community Memorial Health System, Ventura, California, USA
| | - Michelle B. Azimov
- Graduate Medical Education, Community Memorial Health System, Ventura, California, USA
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He B, Tanya SM, Costello F, Kherani F, Shamie N, Zhu D. Navigating Personal and Professional Development Through Social Media in Ophthalmology. Clin Ophthalmol 2022; 16:2263-2274. [PMID: 35859671 PMCID: PMC9289453 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s368674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although social media use among physicians skyrocketed during the COVID-19 pandemic, its role for networking, mentorship, and support among ophthalmologists remains unknown. The objective of this study was to elucidate how ophthalmologists use social media for navigating challenges related to personal and professional development. Methods This was a cross-sectional survey study conducted during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. A 40-item questionnaire investigating the usage of social media was developed and distributed to active social media users in ophthalmology including trainees and practitioners from November 2020 to December 2020 via social media channels. Quantitative responses were analyzed using descriptive and basic statistics, while a thematic analysis was conducted to examine the qualitative responses. Results One hundred and forty-nine respondents (67% women) completed the survey, with 56% of participants between the ages of 25–35 years old. Women were more likely to report experiencing workplace discrimination (p < 0.005) and work-life imbalance (p < 0.05) compared to men, and social media was found to be useful in addressing those challenges in addition to parenting and mentorship (p < 0.005 and p < 0.001, respectively). Compared to their older counterparts, younger ophthalmologists (<45 years old) cited more challenges with practice management (p < 0.005) and turned to social media for corresponding guidance (p < 0.05). Compared to late career ophthalmologists, trainees were more likely to report difficulties with career development (p < 0.05), practice management (p < 0.0001), and financial planning (p < 0.05), and found social media beneficial for learning financial literacy (p < 0.05). A qualitative analysis of the free-response texts found both positive and negative viewpoints of social media use in ophthalmology. Conclusion Social media is an invaluable tool for enhancing professional and personal growth for ophthalmologists, particularly for women, trainees, and younger surgeons through education and community-building. Future directions include exploring how social media can be used to improve mentorship, outreach, and training in ophthalmology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie He
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Correspondence: Bonnie He, Dalhousie University Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, Email
| | - Stuti M Tanya
- Department of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Fiona Costello
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Femida Kherani
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Maloney-Shamie Vision Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Neda Shamie
- Maloney-Shamie Vision Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dagny Zhu
- NVISION Eye Centers, Rowland Heights, Los Angeles County, California, USA
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12
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McMichael B, Lee Iv A, Fallon B, Matusko N, Sandhu G. Racial and socioeconomic inequity in the financial stress of medical school. MEDEDPUBLISH 2022; 12:3. [PMID: 36168540 PMCID: PMC9370082 DOI: 10.12688/mep.17544.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The authors analyzed the distribution of medical student debt and identified demographic features that placed students at high risk for increased debt and financial stress. Methods: From April to May 2019, a cross-sectional, anonymous, web-based survey was administered to first-year (M1) to fourth-year (M4) medical students at the University of Michigan to assess financial literacy, debt burden, financial stress, and demographic factors. A total of 216 of 680 (32%) students completed the survey. Respondents voluntarily answered 15 multiple-choice questions on personal finance and 30 questions on their demographics, current financial situation, and debt burden. To quantify debt burden, students estimated anticipated education-related debt in one of four categories: no debt, $1-99,999; $100,000-$199,999; and $200,000 or more. A chi-square test was used to identify associations between categorical variables and logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for debt and worry. Results: Fifty-four respondents (25%) reported $0 in education related debt, while 44 (16%) had $200,000 or more. Race (p=0.006), first-generation college student status (p=0.004), first-generation medical student status (p<0.001), household income (p<0.001), and parental education (p=0.008) were associated with higher levels of debt. Students who were underrepresented in medicine (URiM) had higher odds of higher debt compared to Arab and Asian students (p=0.02). URiM students (p=0.02), first-generation college students (p=0.009), and parental education (p=0.01) were associated with increased financial stress. Additionally, female students had higher odds of increased financial stress (OR=1.85, p=0.045) on logistic regression. Conclusions: URiM and socioeconomically disadvantaged students feel the burden of the high cost of medical school disproportionately more, suggesting that our current systems are not adequately supporting these students. Reducing this burden may serve to further promote diversity in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan McMichael
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Anderson Lee Iv
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Brian Fallon
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Niki Matusko
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Gurjit Sandhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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13
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Barrett JR, Leonard LD, Kovar A, McCarthy DP, Harms B, Tevis S. Medically Smart, Fiscally Illiterate: Lack of Financial Education Leads to Poor Retirement Savings Strategies in Surgical Trainees. Am Surg 2022:31348221096579. [PMID: 35506914 DOI: 10.1177/00031348221096579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Resident physicians are uniquely at high financial risk given their long training programs, lack of financial education, and documented poor financial literacy. Budgeting for retirement savings is an important metric for financial literacy. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with residents from two distinct surgery programs to assess their current financial status and their knowledge of and attitudes toward retirement savings strategies. Qualitative analysis was performed and the themes identified were examined in the context of previously reported quantitative survey data. RESULTS As previously reported, 105 residents at Site 1 completed a comprehensive financial survey 56% of respondents reported having no retirement savings. On additional analysis, only 26% residents surveyed reported optimal savings habits defined as contributing $5000/year to a retirement account starting their first year of training. 23 residents from both sites and representing all post-graduate-year (PGY) levels then participated in the focused, semi-structured interviews. Site 2 residents were less likely to be female (P = .02) and carried a significantly larger debt burden (p < .01) but were otherwise comparable to residents from Site 1. On qualitative analysis three consistent themes emerged: (1) Resident understanding of strategies for retirement savings is poor; (2) Lack of knowledge is the primary barrier; (3) Surgical residents desire financial education. CONCLUSIONS Surgery residents have a large debt burden, minimal retirement savings and an overall lack of understanding of savings strategies. Well-designed, early, and accessible educational interventions may improve the "financial vital signs" of surgical trainees and establish habits for long-term financial success.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Barrett
- Department of Surgery, 5232University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Laura D Leonard
- Department of Surgery, 129263University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alexandra Kovar
- Department of Surgery, 129263University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Bruce Harms
- Department of Surgery, 5232University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sarah Tevis
- Department of Surgery, 129263University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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14
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McMichael B, Lee IV A, Fallon B, Matusko N, Sandhu G. Racial and socioeconomic inequalities in the financial stress of medical school. MEDEDPUBLISH 2022. [DOI: 10.12688/mep.17544.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The authors analyzed the distribution of medical student debt and identified demographic features that placed students at high risk for increased debt and financial stress. Methods: From April to May 2019, a cross-sectional, anonymous, web-based survey was administered to first-year (M1) to fourth-year (M4) medical students at the University of Michigan to assess financial literacy, debt burden, financial stress, and demographic factors. A total of 216 of 680 (32%) students completed the survey. Respondents voluntarily answered 15 multiple-choice questions on personal finance and 30 questions on their demographics, current financial situation, and debt burden. To quantify debt burden, students estimated anticipated education-related debt in one of four categories: no debt, $1–99,999; $100,000–$199,999; and $200,000 or more. A chi-square test was used to identify associations between categorical variables and logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for debt and worry. Results: Fifty-four respondents (25%) reported $0 in education related debt, while 44 (16%) had $200,000 or more. Race (p=0.006), first-generation college student status (p=0.004), first-generation medical student status (p<0.001), household income (p<0.001), and parental education (p=0.008) were associated with higher levels of debt. Students who were underrepresented in medicine (URiM) had higher odds of higher debt compared to Arab and Asian students (p=0.02). URiM students (p=0.02), first-generation college students (p=0.009), and parental education (p=0.01) were associated with increased financial stress. Additionally, female students had higher odds of increased financial stress (OR=1.85, p=0.045) on logistic regression. Conclusions: URiM and socioeconomically disadvantaged students feel the burden of the high cost of medical school disproportionately more, suggesting that our current systems are not adequately supporting these students. Reducing this burden may serve to further promote diversity in medicine.
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15
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Cawyer CR, Blanchard C, Kim KH. Financial Literacy and Physician Wellness: Can a Financial Curriculum Improve an Obstetrician/Gynecologist Resident and Fellow's Well-Being? AJP Rep 2022; 12:e64-e68. [PMID: 35141038 PMCID: PMC8816634 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1742268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a financial literacy curriculum on resident and fellow's sense of well-being and financial stress. Study Design This single institution pilot study prospectively enrolled obstetrician/gynecologist (OB/GYN) medical trainees (residents and fellows) to take part in a five-part personal financial literacy curriculum during the 2019 to 2020 academic year. Topics covered included the following: financial education and its relationship to personal well-being, overview of financial terms and principles, budgeting, debt planning, and investing and giving. Primary outcomes were the improvement in well-being as measured by the Expanded Well-Being Index (E-WBI) and financial stress as measured by the Financial Stress Scale-College Version (FSS-CV) survey. Results Of the 35 residents and fellows who participated in the study, 21 (60%) completed the postintervention survey. After course completion, there was significant improvement in the individual's E-WBI ( p < 0.05) and no significant improvement in their FSS-CV ( p = 0.06). After completing the course, trainees agreed that financial literacy improved their sense of well-being ( p = 0.018). Conclusion Cultivating financial literacy is associated with an improvement in the sense of well-being in residents and fellows and should be considered for inclusion in other graduate medical education (GME) programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase R Cawyer
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Center for Women's Reproductive Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Christina Blanchard
- Statistician I, Center for Women's Reproductive Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kenneth H Kim
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, Center for Women's Reproductive Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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16
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Huebinger RM, Hussain R, Tupchong K, Walia S, Fairbrother H, Rogg J. Survey-based Evaluation of Resident and Attending Financial Literacy. West J Emerg Med 2021; 22:1369-1373. [PMID: 34787564 PMCID: PMC8597697 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2021.8.53016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physician finances are linked to wellness and burnout. However, few physicians receive financial management education. We sought to determine the financial literacy and educational need of attending and resident physician at an academic emergency medicine (EM) residency. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional, survey study at an academic EM residency. We devised a 49-question survey with four major domains: demographics (16 questions); Likert-scale questions evaluating value placed on personal finances (3 questions); Likert-scale questions evaluating perceived financial literacy (11 questions); and a financial literacy test based on previously developed and widely used financial literacy questions (19 questions). We administered the survey to EM attendings and residents. We analyzed the data using descriptive statistics and compared attending and resident test question responses. RESULTS A total of 44 residents and 24 attendings responded to the survey. Few (9.0% of residents, 12.5% of attendings) reported prior formal financial education. However, most respondents (70.5% of residents and 79.2% of attendings) participated in financial self-learning. On a five-point Likert scale (not at all important: very important), respondents felt that financial independence (4.7 ± 0.8) and their finances (4.7±0.8) were important for their well-being. Additionally, they valued being prepared for retirement (4.7±0.9). Regarding perceived financial literacy (very uncomfortable: very comfortable), respondents had the lowest comfort level with investing in the stock market (2.7±1.5), applying for a mortgage (2.8±1.6), and managing their retirement (3.0±1.4). Residents scored significantly lower than attendings on the financial literacy test (70.8% vs 79.6%, P<0.01), and residents scored lower on questions pertaining to investment (78.8% v 88.9%, P<0.01) and insurance and taxes (47.0% v 70.8%, P<0.01). Overall, respondents scored lower on questions about retirement (58.8%, P<0.01) and insurance and taxes (54.7%, P<0.01). CONCLUSION Emergency physicians' value of financial literacy exceeded confidence in financial literacy, and residents reported poorer confidence than attendings. We identified deficiencies in emergency physicians' financial literacy for retirement, insurance, and taxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Huebinger
- McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Department of Emergency Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Rahat Hussain
- McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Department of Internal Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Keegan Tupchong
- McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Department of Emergency Medicine, Houston, Texas.,McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Department of Internal Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Shabana Walia
- McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Department of Emergency Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Hilary Fairbrother
- McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Department of Emergency Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jonathan Rogg
- McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Department of Emergency Medicine, Houston, Texas
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17
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Shappell E, Ahn J, Park YS, McKillip R, Ernst M, Pirotte M, Tekian A. Affective, cognitive, and behavioral outcomes from a resident personal finance curriculum pilot project. AEM EDUCATION AND TRAINING 2021; 5:e10619. [PMID: 34222753 PMCID: PMC8246005 DOI: 10.1002/aet2.10619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transition to residency marks a significant shift in the financial circumstances of medical trainees. Despite existing resources, residents still cite uncertainty in this domain. A personal finance curriculum is needed to close this educational gap and improve the financial well-being of trainees. METHODS The curriculum was developed using Kern's framework. Two needs assessments informed the consensus development of goals and objectives, educational strategies, and assessments. Course material was hosted online for asynchronous review and complemented by two 1-hour webinars. The curriculum was piloted at one institution. Participants completed (1) knowledge assessments before and after the intervention, (2) a survey of reactions to the curriculum, and (3) an assessment of financial behavioral changes after the intervention. RESULTS Thirty-seven residents (37/49, 76%) enrolled in the curriculum. Among participants, 20 (20/37, 54%) completed the curriculum. Most participants agreed or strongly agreed that the content was relevant (20/20, 100%) and clearly presented (19/20, 95%) and that they would recommend the curriculum to other residents (20/20, 100%). Performance on the knowledge assessment improved 21% after the intervention (mean ± SD = pretest 57% ± 17%, posttest = 78% ± 12%; p < 0.001). Most residents (17/20, 85%) also reported behavioral changes including setting new financial goals (12/20, 60%), taking new action toward financial planning (11/20, 55%), and changing financial habits (6/20, 30%). There were no direct financial costs incurred in the implementation of this pilot. CONCLUSIONS This is a successful pilot of a virtual personal finance curriculum with positive outcomes data. Addressing this problem at scale will require buy-in from educators around the country to deliver this information to residents that may not otherwise seek it out. Future study should assess curricular outcomes in other settings and the durability of acquired knowledge and behavioral changes over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Shappell
- Department of Emergency MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - James Ahn
- Department of MedicineSection of Emergency MedicineUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Yoon Soo Park
- Department of Emergency MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | | | - Matthew Pirotte
- Department of Emergency MedicineVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Ara Tekian
- Department of Medical EducationUniversity of Illinois at Chicago College of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
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18
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Walsh DW, Sullivan WM, Thomas M, Duckett A, Keith B, Schreiner AD. A Multicenter Curricular Intervention to Address Resident Knowledge and Perceptions of Personal Finance. South Med J 2021; 114:404-408. [PMID: 34215892 DOI: 10.14423/smj.0000000000001272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluated internal medicine residents' confidence and knowledge of personal finance, perceptions of burnout, and relations between these issues before and after an educational intervention. METHODS We surveyed internal medicine residents at two university-based training programs in 2018. We developed and implemented a curriculum at both sites, covering topics of budgeting, saving for retirement, investment options, and the costs of investing. Each site used the same content but different strategies for dissemination. One used a condensed-form lecture series (two 1-hour sessions) and the other used a microlecture series (four 30-minute sessions) series. Residents were resurveyed following the intervention for comparison. RESULTS The preintervention survey response rate was 41.2% (122/296) and the postintervention response rate was 44.3% (120/271). Postintervention mean scores for personal finance knowledge improved for basic concepts (52.6% vs 39.4%, P < 0.001), mutual fund elements (30.8% vs 19.7%, P < 0.001), investment plans (68.5% vs. 49.2%, P < 0.001), and overall knowledge (50.1% vs 36.1%, P < 0.001). A significantly smaller proportion of residents reported feelings of burnout following the intervention (23.3% vs 36.9%, P = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that residents want to learn about finances. Our brief educational intervention is a practical way to improve overall knowledge. Our intervention suggests that improving knowledge of finance may be associated with decreased feelings of burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Walsh
- From the Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, the Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, and the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - William M Sullivan
- From the Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, the Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, and the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Meghan Thomas
- From the Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, the Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, and the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Ashley Duckett
- From the Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, the Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, and the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Brad Keith
- From the Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, the Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, and the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Andrew D Schreiner
- From the Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, the Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, and the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
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19
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Ramme AJ, Patel M, Patel KA, Montag WH, Schau AJ, Sabo SI, Bedi A. Personal Finance Primer for the Future Orthopaedic Surgeon: A Starting Point. JB JS Open Access 2021; 6:JBJSOA-D-20-00006. [PMID: 33748641 PMCID: PMC7963504 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.oa.20.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The level of financial literacy varies among orthopaedic trainees. Personal finance ideally should be taught before accepting student loans; however, when this has not happened, it is imperative that trainees start taking their personal finances seriously. Many trainees are faced with large amounts of student debt and struggle with how to manage a large salary increase in their first job. This can lead to poor financial decisions including insufficient savings. The authors provide a comprehensive viewpoint on personal finance for the orthopaedic trainee. In this article, we provide future orthopaedic surgeons with a framework for personal financial management as a starting point to understanding the financial concepts of budgeting, investment, debt management, mortgage, disability insurance, and life insurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin J Ramme
- Steindler Orthopaedic Clinic, Iowa City, Iowa.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Milan Patel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Karan A Patel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | | | | | | | - Asheesh Bedi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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20
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Over Worked and Under Paid: How Resident Finances Impact Perceived Stress, Career Choices, and Family Life. J Surg Res 2021; 258:82-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.07.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Weeks K, Swanson M, Hansen H, Merritt K, Nellis J, Charlton M, Reed A. An Unmet Need in Healthcare Leadership: A Survey of Practicing Physicians' Perspectives on Healthcare Delivery Science Education. J Healthc Leadersh 2020; 12:95-102. [PMID: 33117033 PMCID: PMC7548321 DOI: 10.2147/jhl.s265377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Healthcare delivery science education (HDSE) is increasingly needed by physicians balancing clinical care, practice management, and leadership responsibilities in their daily lives. However, most practicing physicians have received little HDSE in undergraduate through residency training. The purpose of this study is to 1) quantify the perception of the need for HDSE and interest in HDSE among a diverse sample of physicians, and 2) determine if perspectives on HDSE vary by specialty, rurality, and years in practice. Methods Using a cross-sectional, single state, mailed questionnaire, we surveyed 170 physicians about their perspectives on HDSE and interest in an HDSE program. Descriptive statistics and a multivariable logistic regression are presented. Results Among the 70.5% of responding eligible physicians, 75% of physicians had less HDSE than they would like and 90% were interested in obtaining more HDSE. Thirty-five percent of physicians were interested in joining the described HDSE program. The most prevalent barriers to obtaining HDSE were a lack of time and existing programs. Physician perspectives were similar across specialties, years in practice, and rurality. Conclusion There is a high unmet need for HDSE among physicians. Diverse and innovative HDSE programming needs to be developed to meet this need. Programming should be developed not only for physicians but also for undergraduate through residency training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Weeks
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Morgan Swanson
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | | | - Joseph Nellis
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mary Charlton
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Alan Reed
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
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22
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Sharma AN, Rojek NW. Assessing the financial literacy of dermatology residents: A nationwide survey. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 83:638-640. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Heilman AM, Labak CM. Financial Considerations for the Transition into Residency. World Neurosurg 2020; 134:231-232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Jones JP, Ellis E. Trends associated with debt loads among oral and maxillofacial surgery chief residents. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2019; 128:590-596. [PMID: 31255511 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2018.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This survey-based study was undertaken to investigate how total debt loads are impacting the personal and professional decisions made by graduating oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) residents. The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in total debt load on graduating residents and analyze the effects of this debt on career, family, and lifestyle choices after graduation. STUDY DESIGN This study was a cross-sectional, web-based survey of all graduating OMS residents in accredited OMS residency programs in the United States. Participation in the survey was optional, and all responses were anonymously collected and the data analyzed by using Qualtrics software. The respondents were analyzed as a collective, with the predictor of the study being program training length and the outcome being total debt load, with independent analysis of select other financial variables. RESULTS For the 246 deliverable emails, there were 120 respondents (48.7% response rate). The average graduating OMS resident was a Caucasian male (median age 32 years), living with a significant other or spouse who independently earned money, and had no dependents. The average range of accumulated debt of graduating residents was between $300,000 and $350,000, with 50.83% of the respondents having $350,000 or less in overall debt and 49.17% of the respondents having $350,000 or greater in accumulated debt. For those respondents completing 4-year programs, the average range of accumulated debt was between $250,000 and $300,000, and for those respondents completing 6-year programs, the average range of accumulated debt was between $400,000 and $450,000 (P < .08). CONCLUSIONS Graduating OMS residents carry with them a significant amount of debt whether graduating from a 4-year program or a 6-year program. However, when subjectively queried, most of these residents stated they would again choose OMS as a career choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Jones
- Resident, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Edward Ellis
- Professor and Chair Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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