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Carr AJ, Lee SE, Uysal A. Ion and water adsorption to graphene and graphene oxide surfaces. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:14319-14337. [PMID: 37561081 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02452k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Graphene and graphene oxide (GO) are two particularly promising nanomaterials for a range of applications including energy storage, catalysis, and separations. Understanding the nanoscale interactions between ions and water near graphene and GO surfaces is critical for advancing our fundamental knowledge of these systems and downstream application success. This minireview highlights the necessity of using surface-specific experimental probes and computational techniques to fully characterize these interfaces, including the nanomaterial, surrounding water, and any adsorbed ions, if present. Key experimental and simulation studies considering water and ion structures near both graphene and GO are discussed. The major findings are: water forms 1-3 hydration layers near graphene; ions adsorb electrostatically to graphene under an applied potential; the chemical and physical properties of GO vary considerably depending on the synthesis route; and these variations influence water and ion adsorption to GO. Lastly, we offer outlooks and perspectives for these research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Carr
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.
| | - Ahmet Uysal
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.
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Vu TV, Razavi S, Papavassiliou DV. Effect of Janus particles and non-ionic surfactants on the collapse of the oil-water interface under compression. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 609:158-169. [PMID: 34894550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.11.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Janus particles (JPs) and surfactants express different behaviors at the oil-water interface under compression. When both are present at the interface, their synergies result in a different collapse mechanism than when present individually depending on the concentration of the JPs and surfactants. EXPERIMENTS Coarse-grained modeling methods were used to probe the synergies between Janus nanoparticles and nonionic surfactants on the stability of an oil-water interface under compression. When both JPs and surfactants were present, the interface was covered at 0-55% area by JPs and contained surfactants at 0-40% of the interfacial surfactant concentration corresponding to the critical micelle concentration (CMC). FINDINGS Compression of the interface with only surfactants resulted in the expulsion of surfactant molecules to the water phase once the interfacial concentration of surfactant molecules reached the CMC value. Compression of a Janus particle-laden interface past the closed-packing point led to a buckled interface, so that the total interfacial area remained constant upon further compression. When both surfactants and JPs were present on the interface, JPs still caused buckling, which helped retain the surfactant molecules on the interface. The interface exhibited a higher level of deformation in presence of surfactants. When the surfactant concentration was high, under compression, the surfactants partitioned into the water phase, but the buckling of the interface persisted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan V Vu
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Material Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 100 East Boyd St., Norman, OK 73019-1004, USA
| | - Sepideh Razavi
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Material Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 100 East Boyd St., Norman, OK 73019-1004, USA.
| | - Dimitrios V Papavassiliou
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Material Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 100 East Boyd St., Norman, OK 73019-1004, USA.
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Goggin DM, Samaniuk JR. 2D Colloids: Size- and Shape-Controlled 2D Materials at Fluid-Fluid Interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:14157-14166. [PMID: 34797659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Advances in synthesis of model 3D colloidal particles with exotic shapes and physical properties have enabled discovery of new 3D colloidal phases not observed in atomic systems, and simulations and quasi-2D studies suggest 2D colloidal systems have an even richer phase behavior. However, a model 2D (one-atom-thick) colloidal system has yet to be experimentally realized because of limitations in solution-phase exfoliation of 2D materials and other 2D particle fabrication technologies. Herein, we use a photolithography-based methodology to fabricate size- and shape-controlled monolayer graphene particles, and then transfer the particles to an air-water interface to study their dynamics and self-assembly in real-time using interference reflection microscopy. Results suggest the graphene particles behave as "hard" 2D colloidal particles, with entropy influencing the self-assembled structures. Additional evidence suggests the stability of the self-assembled structures manifests from the edge-to-edge van der Waals force between 2D particles. We also show graphene discs with diameters up to 50 μm exhibit significant Brownian motion under optical microscopy due to their low mass. This work establishes a facile methodology for creating model experimental systems of colloidal 2D materials, which will have a significant impact on our understanding of fundamental 2D physics. Finally, our results advance our understanding of how physical particle properties affect the interparticle interactions between monolayer 2D materials at fluid-fluid interfaces. This information can be used to guide the development of scalable synthesis techniques (e.g., solution-phase processing) to produce bulk suspensions of 2D materials with desired physical particle properties that can be used as building blocks for creating thin films with desired structures and properties via interfacial film assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Goggin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Joseph R Samaniuk
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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Gravelle S, Botto L. Adsorption of Single and Multiple Graphene-Oxide Nanoparticles at a Water-Vapor Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:13322-13330. [PMID: 34723541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption of graphene-oxide (GO) nanoparticles at the interface between water and vapor was analyzed using all-atom molecular simulations for single and multiple particles. For a single GO particle, our results indicate that the adsorption energy does not scale linearly with the surface coverage of oxygen groups, unlike typically assumed for Janus colloids. Our results also show that the surface activity of the particle depends on the number of surface oxygen groups as well as on their distribution: for a given number of oxygen groups, a GO particle with a patched surface was found to be more surface active than a particle with evenly distributed groups. Then, to understand what sets the thickness of GO layers at interfaces, the adsorption energy of a test GO particle was measured in the presence of multiple GO particles already adsorbed at the interface. Our results indicate that in the case of high degree of oxidation, particle-particle interactions at the water-vapor interface hinder the adsorption of the test particle. In the case of a low degree of oxidation, however, clustering and stacking of GO particles dominate the adsorption behavior, and particle-particle interactions favor the adsorption of the test particle. These results highlight the complexity of multiple particle adsorption and the limitations of single-particle adsorption models when applied to GO at a relatively high surface concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Gravelle
- School of Engineering and Material Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Lorenzo Botto
- Process and Energy Department, 3ME Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, TU Delft, Delft 2628 CD, The Netherlands
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Barakat JM, Squires TM. Capillary force on an 'inert' colloid: a physical analogy to dielectrophoresis. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:3417-3442. [PMID: 33645603 PMCID: PMC8323820 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm02143a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
"Inert" colloids are μm-scale particles that create no distortion when trapped at a planar fluid-fluid interface. When placed in a curved interface, however, such colloids can create interfacial distortions of quadrupolar symmetry - so-called "induced capillary quadrupoles." The present work explores the analogy between capillary quadrupoles and electric dipoles, and the forces exerted on them by a symmetry-breaking gradient. In doing so, we weigh in on an outstanding debate as to whether a curvature gradient can induce a capillary force on an inert colloid. We argue that this force exists, for the opposite would imply that all dielectrophoretic forces vanish in two dimensions (2D). We justify our claim by solving 2D Laplace problems of electrostatics and capillary statics involving a single particle placed within a large circular shell with an imposed gradient. We show that the static boundary condition on the outer shell must be considered when applying the principle of virtual work to compute the force on the particle, as verified by a direct calculation of this force through integration of the particle stresses. Our investigation highlights some of the subtleties that emerge in virtual work calculations of capillary statics and electrostatics, thereby clarifying and extending previous results in the field. The broader implication of our results is that inert particles - including particles with planar, pinned contact lines and equilibrium contact angles - interact through interparticle capillary forces that scale quadratically with the deviatoric curvature of the host interface, contrary to recent claims made in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Barakat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.
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Fajardo-Rojas F, Alvarez Solano OA, Samaniuk JR, Pradilla D. Deviation from Equilibrium Thermodynamics of an Asphaltene Model Compound during Compression-Expansion Experiments at Fluid-Fluid Interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:1799-1810. [PMID: 33497231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Asphaltenes play a crucial role in crude oil behavior, and model compounds are often used to capture, mimic, and predict certain interfacial properties. In previous works, sorption of an asphaltene model compound (C5PeC11) was studied using surface pressure isotherms, where a deviation from the expected thermodynamic behavior of the interface during decane-water and air-water compression experiments was observed but not explained. In this work, the interfacial behavior of C5PeC11 was assessed at the decane-water and the air-water interfaces using a multiscale approach that includes: compression-expansion experiments on rectangular and radial Langmuir troughs, dynamic interfacial stress relaxation, and fluorescence microscopy imaging. Connections between molecular and microscopic phenomena strongly suggest that the nonthermodynamic response can be explained through a dynamic effect whose origin lies in the predominance of intermolecular forces in C5PeC11 molecules over the mechanical compression force applied. When aggregation begins at the air-water interface, stable structures are formed, and the nonthermodynamic phenomenon is not observed in subsequent compressions. However, at the decane-water interface, the initial aggregation is not consolidated due to the effect of the oil phase on the free energy of the interface allowing the high reproducibility of the dynamic effect in subsequent compression cycles. These results highlight the need to probe interfacial systems at various length scales to adequately separate equilibrium thermodynamics from dynamic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Fajardo-Rojas
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 Este No. 18A-12, Edificio Mario Laserna, Piso 7, Bogotá 110111, Colombia
| | - Oscar Alberto Alvarez Solano
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 Este No. 18A-12, Edificio Mario Laserna, Piso 7, Bogotá 110111, Colombia
| | - Joseph R Samaniuk
- Soft Matter and Interfaces Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Diego Pradilla
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 Este No. 18A-12, Edificio Mario Laserna, Piso 7, Bogotá 110111, Colombia
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Correia EL, Brown N, Razavi S. Janus Particles at Fluid Interfaces: Stability and Interfacial Rheology. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:374. [PMID: 33540620 PMCID: PMC7913064 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of the Janus motif in colloidal particles, i.e., anisotropic surface properties on opposite faces, has gained significant attention in the bottom-up assembly of novel functional structures, design of active nanomotors, biological sensing and imaging, and polymer blend compatibilization. This review is focused on the behavior of Janus particles in interfacial systems, such as particle-stabilized (i.e., Pickering) emulsions and foams, where stabilization is achieved through the binding of particles to fluid interfaces. In many such applications, the interface could be subjected to deformations, producing compression and shear stresses. Besides the physicochemical properties of the particle, their behavior under flow will also impact the performance of the resulting system. This review article provides a synopsis of interfacial stability and rheology in particle-laden interfaces to highlight the role of the Janus motif, and how particle anisotropy affects interfacial mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sepideh Razavi
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 100 E. Boyd Street, Norman, OK 73019, USA; (E.L.C.); (N.B.)
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Kale SK, Cope AJ, Goggin DM, Samaniuk JR. A miniaturized radial Langmuir trough for simultaneous dilatational deformation and interfacial microscopy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 582:1085-1098. [PMID: 32932179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INNOVATION Interfacial rheological properties of complex fluid-fluid interfaces are strongly influenced by the film microstructure. Experimental investigations for correlating interfacial morphology and rheology are notoriously challenging. A miniaturized radial Langmuir trough was developed to study complex fluid-fluid interfaces under purely dilatational deformations that operates in tandem with a conventional inverted microscope for simultaneous interfacial visualization. EXPERIMENTS Two materials were investigated at an air-water interface: poly(tert-butyl methacrylate) (PtBMA) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC). Surface pressure measurements made in the radial Langmuir trough were compared with a commercial rectangular Langmuir trough. Interfacial in situ visualization for each material was performed during the compression cycle in the radial trough. Challenges associated with the small size of the radial Langmuir trough, such as the influence of capillary deformation on the measured surface pressure, are also quantified. FINDINGS Measured surface pressures between the newly developed radial trough and the rectangular Langmuir trough compare well. Micrographs obtained in the radial Langmuir trough were used to obtain film properties such as Young's modulus. The new advance in colloid and interface science is the ability to capture structure-property relationships of planar interfaces using microscopy and purely dilatational deformation. This will advance the development of constitutive modeling of complex fluid-fluid interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalaka K Kale
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Andrew J Cope
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - David M Goggin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Joseph R Samaniuk
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA
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Goggin DM, Zhang H, Miller EM, Samaniuk JR. Interference Provides Clarity: Direct Observation of 2D Materials at Fluid-Fluid Interfaces. ACS NANO 2020; 14:777-790. [PMID: 31820924 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer particles of two-dimensional (2D) materials represent a scientifically and technologically interesting class of anisotropic particles with colloidal-scale lateral sizes but sub-nanometer thicknesses. This atomic-scale thickness leads to interesting phenomena that can be exploited in next-generation thin-film technologies, and fluid-fluid interfaces provide a potentially scalable platform to confine, assemble, and deposit functional thin films of 2D materials. However, directly observing how these materials interact and assemble into a given film morphology is experimentally challenging because of their sub-nanometer thicknesses. Here, we demonstrate the ability to directly observe graphene, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) particles at fluid-fluid interfaces using interference reflection microscopy (IRM). Monolayer MoS2 and graphene particles demonstrated >10% optical contrast at an air-water interface, which allowed us to quantitatively analyze in situ images of self-assembled MoS2 particles and to map trajectories of interacting graphene particles. Additionally, the Brownian motion of a graphene particle was tracked and analyzed in the context of passive microrheology theory for 2D particle probes. Our results demonstrate how IRM can be used to obtain quantitative spatiotemporal information regarding the self-assembly and dynamics of 2D materials at fluid-fluid interfaces. It will have a significant impact on our ability to investigate systems of atomically thin particles at fluid-fluid interfaces, an area that has fundamental scientific importance and materials science applications but has suffered from a lack of direct, in situ observation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Goggin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Colorado School of Mines , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center , National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Elisa M Miller
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center , National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Joseph R Samaniuk
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Colorado School of Mines , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
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Ivancic W, Wirth CL. Combined effect of oxidative treatment and residual alcohol on the mechanics of a multiwalled carbon nanotube laden interface. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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