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Liu Y, Li B. Numerical Investigation of the Cavitation Characteristics in Venturi Tubes: The Role of Converging and Diverging Sections. APPLIED SCIENCES 2023; 13:7476. [DOI: 10.3390/app13137476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Cavitation is a typical physical process that has shown to be highly valuable in the wastewater treatment field. This study aims to investigate the effects of the converging and diverging sections of a Venturi tube on the cavitation flow field. Multiphase flows in tubes are presented using the mixture model and the standard k-ε model. And the Schnerr and Sauer cavitation model is employed to simulate the vapor–liquid phase transition process. Both grid independence and the numerical method’s feasibility were validated before the research. The results showed that the influence of the divergence section length on Venturi cavitation characteristics depends on the provided pressure conditions. As the pressure increases, shorter divergence sections result in more significant cavitation effects. The length of the convergence section displays various cavitation behaviors under different pressure situations. A small contraction section length can achieve better cavitation effects in high-pressure applications, whereas the opposite is true in low-pressure cases. Within the scope of this study, it was observed that the Venturi tube with a divergent section of 14 Lt and a convergent one of 2.4 Lt provided enhanced cavitation performance when subjected to inlet pressures ranging from 0.8 to 1.2 MPa. Our findings indicate that the selection of converging and diverging section lengths in Venturi tubes should consider the corresponding operational pressure conditions, which provides valuable guidance and engineering significance in the research and development of Venturi cavitation devices in hydraulic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Bin Li
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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2
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Pongraktham K, Somnuk K. Continuous double-step acid catalyzed esterification production of sludge palm oil using 3D-printed rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactor. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 95:106374. [PMID: 37004412 PMCID: PMC10457588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Sludge palm oil (SPO) with high free fatty acid (FFA) content was processed using a continuous and double-step esterification production process in a rotor-stator-type hydrodynamic cavitation reactor. Three-dimensional printed rotor was made of plastic filament and acted as a major element in minimizing the FFA content in SPO. To evaluate the reduced level of FFAs using both methods, five independent factors were varied: methanol content, sulphuric acid content (H2SO4), hole diameter, hole depth, and rotor speed. The first-step conditions for the esterification process included 60.8 vol% methanol content, 7.2 vol% H2SO4 content, 5.0 mm diameter of the hole, 6.1 mm depth of the hole, and 3000 rpm speed of the rotor. The initial free fatty acid content decreased from 89.16 wt% to 35.00 wt% by the predictive model, while 36.69 wt% FFA level and 94.4 vol% washed first-esterified oil yield were obtained from an actual experiment. In the second-step, 1.0 wt% FFA was achieved under the following conditions: 44.5 vol% methanol content, 3.0 vol% H2SO4 content, 4.6 mm hole diameter, 5.8 mm hole depth, and 3000 rpm rotor speed. The actual experiment produced 0.94 wt% FFA content and 93.9 vol% washed second-esterified oil yield. The entire process required an average electricity of 0.137 kWh/L to reduce the FFA level in the SPO below 1 wt%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritsakon Pongraktham
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Krit Somnuk
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Energy Technology Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
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3
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Tang Z, Huang F, Yao Z, Cai Z, Ma X, Li Z, Gao Z. Optimization of Flow and Mixing in a Venturi Tube Mixer with a Two-Step Method Using Numerical Simulation. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11041083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To achieve efficient mixing in a Venturi tube mixer (VTM), an optimization with a two-step method for this mixing device based on a Venturi tube (VT) was carried out using numerical simulation. Firstly, the effects of the structural parameters on the flow in VT were revealed, and the optimized configuration was determined for the following VTM. Subsequently, by introducing a jetting tube, the suction capacity, energy consumption and mixing quality were used to evaluate the performance of VTM under various configurations and operating conditions. According to the effects of the structural parameters on the mixing quality of VTM, an empirical formula for mixing quality with structural parameters was proposed. Finally, an optimized VTM was proposed. This work can provide a valid suggestion for the design and optimization of such a mixing device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fenglei Huang
- China National Bluestar (Group) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zixiong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ziqi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhengming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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4
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Dong L, Zhao T, Cui Y, Li Z, Chen L, Pang C, Wang Y. Investigation of sludge disintegration using vortex cavitation circulating fluidised grinding technology. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 331:117290. [PMID: 36642050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Waste-activated sludge (WAS) is regarded as a source of hazardous waste pollution from sewage treatment plants. To efficiently deal with WAS, vortex cavitation circulating fluidised grinding technology (VCCFGT) was proposed as a novel circulating fluidisation technology (CFT) to disintegrate WAS. To be specific, we investigated the effects of disintegration duration, pressure, and filling ratio of mill balls on sludge disintegration. The results of chemical and physical evaluation showed that the values of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), disintegration degree (DDSCOD), DNA, protein, carbohydrate, and NH4+-N increased with the increase in the filling ratio of the mill balls. Under a pressure and filling ratio of 0.30 MPa and 1.6%, respectively, the maximum effect was achieved after 60 min of treatment. Compared to those in the treatment without mill balls, the values of SCOD, DDSCOD, DNA, protein, carbohydrate, and NH4+-N in the treatment using mill balls increased by 218, 229, 230, 177, 371, and 190%, respectively. As a result of this technology, the temperature of the sludge dramatically increased, rising approximately 42.9 °C. Compared to that of the raw sludge, the sludge particle size after treatment was reduced by 83.25% at most, and the morphology of the sludge comprised smaller flocs. Compared to that of the ball-milling method, the mill balls filling ratio of VCCFGT reduced by 93.60-98.12%. Compared to that of sludge disintegration by the vortex cavitation method, VCCFGT indicating good disintegration degree (increased by 229%) and economic feasibility. VCCFGT has good application prospects for sludge disintegration. The main mechanisms of sludge disintegration and organic release include centrifugal force, grinding, shear force, cavitation, and cyclic fatigue effects, among which grinding plays a leading role. This study concluded that CFT can effectively disintegrate sludge flocs and disrupt bacterial cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Dong
- Xi'an University of Technology, School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710000, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Xi'an University of Technology, School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710000, China.
| | - Yahui Cui
- Xi'an University of Technology, School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710000, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Xi'an University of Technology, School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710000, China
| | - Linping Chen
- Xi'an University of Technology, School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710000, China
| | - Chaofan Pang
- Xi'an University of Technology, School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710000, China
| | - Yunqian Wang
- Xi'an University of Technology, School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710000, China
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5
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Abstract
Microbubbles are largely unused in the food industry yet have promising capabilities as environmentally friendly cleaning and supporting agents within products and production lines due to their unique physical behaviors. Their small diameters increase their dispersion throughout liquid materials, promote reactivity because of their high specific surface area, enhance dissolution of gases into the surrounding liquid phase, and promote the generation of reactive chemical species. This article reviews techniques to generate microbubbles, their modes of action to enhance cleaning and disinfection, their contributions to functional and mechanical properties of food materials, and their use in supporting the growth of living organisms in hydroponics or bioreactors. The utility and diverse applications of microbubbles, combined with their low intrinsic ingredient cost, strongly encourage their increased adoption within the food industry in coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakai Lu
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Owen G Jones
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA;
| | - Weixin Yan
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carlos M Corvalan
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA;
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6
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Hong F, Tian H, Yuan X, Liu S, Peng Q, Shi Y, Jin L, Ye L, Jia J, Ying D, Ramsey TS, Huang Y. CFD-assisted modeling of the hydrodynamic cavitation reactors for wastewater treatment - A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 321:115982. [PMID: 36104886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic cavitation has been a promising method and technology in wastewater treatment, while the principles based on the design of cavitational reactors to optimize cavitation yield and performance remains lacking. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), a supplementation of experimental optimization, has become an essential tool for this issue, owing to the merits of low investment and operating costs. Nevertheless, researchers with a non-engineering background or few CFD fundamentals used straightforward numerical strategies to treat cavitating flows, and this might result in many misinterpretations and consequently poor computations. This review paper presents the rationale behind hydrodynamic cavitation and application of cavitation modeling specific to the reactors in wastewater treatment. In particular, the mathematical models of multiphase flow simulation, including turbulence closures and cavitation models, are comprehensively described, whilst the advantages and shortcomings of each model are also identified and discussed. Examples and methods of the coupling of CFD technology, with experimental observations to investigate into the hydrodynamic behavior of cavitating devices that feature linear and swirling flows, are also critically summarized. Modeling issues, which remain unaddressed, i.e., the implementation strategies of numerical models, and the definition of cavitation numbers are identified and discussed. Finally, the advantages of CFD modeling are discussed and the future of CFD applications in this research area is also outlined. It is expected that the present paper would provide decision-making support for CFD beginners to efficiently perform CFD modeling and promote the advancement of cavitation simulation of reactors in the field of wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hong
- College of Mechanical and Power Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China; Engineering Research Center of Eco-environmental in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Hailin Tian
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-environmental in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Xi Yuan
- College of Hydraulic &Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China; Engineering Research Center of Eco-environmental in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Shuchang Liu
- College of Hydraulic &Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China; Engineering Research Center of Eco-environmental in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Qintian Peng
- College of Hydraulic &Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China; Engineering Research Center of Eco-environmental in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Yan Shi
- College of Hydraulic &Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China; Engineering Research Center of Eco-environmental in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Lei Jin
- College of Hydraulic &Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China; Engineering Research Center of Eco-environmental in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Liqun Ye
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-environmental in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Jinping Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Diwen Ying
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Thomas Stephen Ramsey
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-environmental in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China; College of Economics & Management, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Yingping Huang
- College of Hydraulic &Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China; Engineering Research Center of Eco-environmental in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China.
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7
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De-Nasri SJ, Sarvothaman VP, Nagarajan S, Manesiotis P, Robertson PKJ, Ranade VV. Quantifying OH radical generation in hydrodynamic cavitation via coumarin dosimetry: Influence of operating parameters and cavitation devices. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 90:106207. [PMID: 36335794 PMCID: PMC9641053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) has been extensively investigated for effluent treatment applications. Performance of HC devices or processes is often reported in terms of degradation of organic pollutants rather than quantification of hydroxyl (OH) radicals. In this study, generation of OH radicals in vortex based cavitation device using coumarin dosimetry was quantified. Coumarin was used as the chemical probe with an initial concentration of 100 µM (15 ppm). Generation of OH radicals was quantified by analysing generated single hydroxylated products. The influence of operating parameters such as pH and type of acid used to adjust pH, dissolved oxygen, and inlet and outlet pressures was investigated. Acidic pH was found to be more conducive for generating OH radicals and therefore subsequent experiments were performed at pH of 3. Sulphuric acid was found to be more than three times effective than hydrochloric acid in generating OH radicals. Effect of initial levels of dissolved oxygen was found to influence OH radical generation. Performance of vortex based cavitation device was then compared with other commonly used cavitation devices based on orifice and venturi. The vortex based cavitation device was found to outperform the orifice and venturi based devices in terms of initial per-pass factor. Influence of device scale (nominal flow rate through the device) on performance was then evaluated. The results presented for these devices unambiguously quantifies their cavitational performance. The presented results will be useful for evaluating computational models and stimulate further development of predictive computational models in this challenging area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien J De-Nasri
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Varaha P Sarvothaman
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Sanjay Nagarajan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK; Sustainable Environment Research Centre, University of South Wales, Pontypridd CF37 1DL, UK
| | - Panagiotis Manesiotis
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Peter K J Robertson
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Vivek V Ranade
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK; Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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8
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Song Y, Hou R, Zhang W, Liu J. Hydrodynamic cavitation as an efficient water treatment method for various sewage:- A review. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 86:302-320. [PMID: 35906909 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the development of industry and the rapid growth of population, the current water treatment technologies face many challenges. Hydrodynamic cavitation as a green and efficient means of water treatment has attracted much attention. During the hydrodynamic cavitation, enormous energy could be released into the surrounding liquid which causes thermal effects (local hotspots with 4600 K), mechanical effects (pressures of 1500 bar) and chemical effects (hydroxyl radicals). These conditions can degrade bacteria and organic substance in sewage. Moreover, the combination of hydrodynamic cavitation and other water treatment methods can produce a coupling effect. In this review, we summarize the methods of hydrodynamic cavitation and the performance of water treatment for different types of sewage. The application of hydrodynamic cavitation reactors with different structures in water treatment are also evaluated and discussed. The design and optimization of high-performance hydrodynamic cavitation reactor are the most crucial issues for the application of hydrodynamic cavitation in water treatment. Finally, recommendations are provided for the future progress of hydrodynamic cavitation for water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxing Song
- School of Thermal Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China E-mail: ; Key Laboratory of Fluid and Power Machinery, Xihua University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Ruijie Hou
- School of Thermal Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China E-mail:
| | - Weibin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fluid and Power Machinery, Xihua University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Jingting Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
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9
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Liu G, Bie H, Hao Z, Wang Y, Ren W, Hua Z. Characteristics of cavitation onset and development in a self-excited fluidic oscillator. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 86:106018. [PMID: 35504138 PMCID: PMC9079104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic cavitation has been widely employed in modern chemical technology. A high-speed camera experiment is conducted to reveal the characteristics of hydrodynamic cavitation generated in one self-excited fluidic oscillator. The images obtained from the high-speed camera system are employed to describe several development stages of the hydrodynamic cavitation. The gray intensity of the images which is the volume of bubbles formed is extracted to distinguish the cavitation bubbles from the water. It is found that three regions in the fluidic oscillator could be divided according to the distance from the entrance. The inception of cavitation occurs in the region nearest the entrance. For a relatively low inlet flow rate, the whole process of cavitation could complete within the region that is the second nearest the entrance as a low pressure area appears periodically in this region. For a high inlet flow rate, the vortexes in the region farthest from the entrance are able to generate sufficient low pressures to induce the generation of cavitation. In addition, the intensity of cavitation could be reflected by the cavitation number in a self-excited fluidic oscillator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Haiyan Bie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Zongrui Hao
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Yue Wang
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Wanlong Ren
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Zhili Hua
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao 266100, China
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10
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Bimestre TA, Júnior JAM, Canettieri EV, Tuna CE. Hydrodynamic cavitation for lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment: a review of recent developments and future perspectives. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:7. [PMID: 38647820 PMCID: PMC10991952 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00499-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The hydrodynamic cavitation comes out as a promising route to lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment releasing huge amounts of energy and inducing physical and chemical transformations, which favor lignin-carbohydrate matrix disruption. The hydrodynamic cavitation process combined with other pretreatment processes has shown an attractive alternative with high pretreatment efficiency, low energy consumption, and easy setup for large-scale applications compared to conventional pretreatment methods. This present review includes an overview of this promising technology and a detailed discussion on the process of parameters that affect the phenomena and future perspectives of development of this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Averaldo Bimestre
- Chemistry and Energy Department, School of Engineering, São Paulo State University UNESP, Guaratinguetá, SP, 12516-410, Brazil.
| | - José Antonio Mantovani Júnior
- Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies, National Institute for Space Research CPTEC/INPE, Cachoeira Paulista, SP, 12630-000, Brazil
| | - Eliana Vieira Canettieri
- Chemistry and Energy Department, School of Engineering, São Paulo State University UNESP, Guaratinguetá, SP, 12516-410, Brazil
| | - Celso Eduardo Tuna
- Chemistry and Energy Department, School of Engineering, São Paulo State University UNESP, Guaratinguetá, SP, 12516-410, Brazil
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11
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Adnađević BK, Nikolić IR, Milenković SA, Jovanović JD. The effect of operating parameters of hydrodynamic cavitation – assisted alkaline catalyzed transesterification of sunflower oil with methanol on the degree of triglyceride conversion. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2021-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The effect of operating parameters such as reaction mixture inlet pressure p
1 (101.3–1013.2 kPa), methanol to oil molar ratio M
1 (3–12), the concentration of catalyst C
c
(0.0–1.0 wt%), temperature T (25–50 °C) and the number of passes of the reaction mixture through the venturi type hydrodynamic cavitation reactor n (1–12) on alkali-catalyzed transesterification of sunflower oil with methanol assisted by hydrodynamic cavitation (ACTC) on the value of the degree of triglyceride conversion (DTC) was investigated. ACTC was performed by the venturi-type hydrodynamic cavitation reactor (VCR) of our construction. It was found that the values of DTC increase with the increase in p
1, M
1, C
c, and n, and decrease with the increase in T. Cavitation yield (CY) values were calculated. The ACTC was proved to be the simplest, fastest, and most highly energy-efficient current technology for the production of biodiesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borivoj K. Adnađević
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry , University of Belgrade , Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Ivan R. Nikolić
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry , University of Belgrade , Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Svetozar A. Milenković
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry , University of Belgrade , Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Jelena D. Jovanović
- Institute for General and Physical Chemistry , Studentski trg 12/V 11158 Belgrade , Serbia
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12
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Nagarajan S, Ranade VV. Valorizing Waste Biomass via Hydrodynamic Cavitation and Anaerobic Digestion. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Nagarajan
- Multiphase Reactors and Intensification Group, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, U.K
| | - Vivek V. Ranade
- Multiphase Reactors and Intensification Group, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, U.K
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94T9PX, Ireland
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13
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Enhanced Non-Contact Grip Force and Swirl Stability by a Combined Venturi-Vortex Air Head. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14237123. [PMID: 34885277 PMCID: PMC8658676 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A combination of the venturi module and the vortex cup was proposed to solve vortex instability and to enhance grip capacity. Mounting a venturi suction pad inside the vortex cup improved vacuum generation efficiency. When the vortex cup properly maintained the non-contact air gap and generated an equivalent vacuum to achieve a sealing effect around the open gap of the suction pad, the combined head improved grip capacity and stabilized the non-contact environment. Furthermore, the flow patterns around the venturi chamber and the swirl inside the vortex cup were analyzed based on the design elements of each module. In a module that integrated some of the venturi’s features internally, increased air consumption of the vortex cup was required than that of the venturi. However, it supported a wide range of non-contact grips. The coupled model effectively protected the vacuum suction features of the venturi suction pad in all non-contact environments in that range.
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14
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Sudiarto D, Nurhayati N, Fajriansyah F. Effectiveness of Aerator Ventures, Deposition with Magnets, Filtering, and Ion Exchange in One Unit against Reduction of Iron, Total Dissolved Solid, and Marine Well Water. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: It is known the effectiveness of a venturi aerator, deposition with a sand filter magnet and ion exchange in one unit to reduce Fe content, total dissolved solid (TDS) and saltiness (CL content) in clean water, and the ability of ion exchange to reduce CL content is known.
AIM: This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of venturi aerator, magnetic sedimentation, filtration, and ion exchange in one unit against Fe, TDS, and CL well water.
METHODS: The method used is a quasi-experimental method using aeration with a venturi system, deposition with magnets, filtration, and ion exchange. The population in this study was all water containing Fe and CL in the Darul Kamal sub-district, Aceh Besar. The sample in this study is part of the population following research needs.
RESULTS: The results showed an effect of a venturi aerator, deposition with magnets, filtering sea sand, anion, and cation resins in one unit to decrease Fe content and did not affect decreasing TDS content and Salinity. Moreover, a venturi aerator has an effect, deposition with magnets, filtering sea sand, anion, and cation resins in one unit on the decrease in Fe content, TDS, and salinity at deposition time of 24 h. Venturi aerator’s effect on Fe reduction does not affect TDS and CL of well water. There is an effect of venturi aerator and precipitation with magnets, in one unit on Fe reduction, and does not affect TDS and CL of well water. There is an effect of venturi aerator, precipitation with magnets, filtration in one unit on Fe reduction, no effect on TDS, and CL of well water.
CONCLUSION: This tool effectively reduces Fe content and effectively reduces Fe, TDS, and salinity at a 24 h deposition time.
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15
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Thaker AH, Ranade VV. Drop breakage in a single‐pass through vortex‐based cavitation device: Experiments and modeling. AIChE J 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet H. Thaker
- Multiphase Reactors and Intensification Group Bernal Institute, University of Limerick Limerick Ireland
| | - Vivek V. Ranade
- Multiphase Reactors and Intensification Group Bernal Institute, University of Limerick Limerick Ireland
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16
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An investigation on the bubble transportation of a two-stage series venturi bubble generator. Chem Eng Res Des 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2021.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Dutta N, Kopparthi P, Mukherjee AK, Nirmalkar N, Boczkaj G. Novel strategies to enhance hydrodynamic cavitation in a circular venturi using RANS numerical simulations. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 204:117559. [PMID: 34496315 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic cavitation is a popular advanced oxidation technique and it has received wide range of applications from waste water treatment to the nanoparticles synthesis in recent years. The enhancement of the intensity of the hydrodynamic cavitation is always been an emerging field of research. Within this framework, we have proposed and investigated three distinct strategies to enhance the intensity of cavitation in a circular venturi, namely, (1) by introducing the surface roughness on the wall (2) single or multiple circular hurdles in the diverging section (3) By modifying the diverging section from planer to the trumpet shape. RANS (Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes) based numerical simulations are carried out the over wide range of conditions: 2≤PR≤6 (pressure ratio), 6.2∘≤β≤10∘ (half divergent angle), 15∘≤α≤20∘ (half convergent angle), and 1≤l/d≤3 (throat length). An extensive numerical and experimental validation with the literature have been presented to ensure the reliability and accuracy of present work. Detailed results on velocity fields, local and average volume fraction, pressure loss coefficients, cavitation number, discharge coefficient and pressure distribution are reported as function of dimensionless parameters. Five designs of various combinations of surface roughness, circular hurdles, and trumpet diverging section have been compared. The effect of surface roughness on trumpet diverging wall has been observed to be more pronounced than the other designs. Trumpet diverging wall with surface roughness is found to be optimum for the practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjan Dutta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar 140001, India
| | - Prasad Kopparthi
- R&D and Scientific Services Division, TATA Steel Limited, Jamshedpur, 831007, India
| | - Asim Kumar Mukherjee
- R&D and Scientific Services Division, TATA Steel Limited, Jamshedpur, 831007, India
| | - Neelkanth Nirmalkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar 140001, India.
| | - Grzegorz Boczkaj
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12 Str., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
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18
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Soyama H. Luminescence intensity of vortex cavitation in a Venturi tube changing with cavitation number. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 71:105389. [PMID: 33221624 PMCID: PMC7786618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic cavitation in a Venturi tube produces luminescence, and the luminescence intensity reaches a maximum at a certain cavitation number, which is defined by upstream pressure, downstream pressure, and vapor pressure. The luminescence intensity of hydrodynamic cavitation can be enhanced by optimizing the downstream pressure at a constant upstream pressure condition. However, the reason why the luminescence intensity increases and then decreases with an increase in the downstream pressure remains unclear. In the present study, to clarify the mechanism of the change in the luminescence intensity with cavitation number, the luminescence produced by the hydrodynamic cavitation in a Venturi tube was measured, and the hydrodynamic cavitation was precisely observed using high-speed photography. The sound velocity in the cavitating flow field, which affects the aggressive intensity of the cavitation, was evaluated. The collapse of vortex cavitation was found to be closely related to the luminescence intensity of the hydrodynamic cavitation. A method to estimate the luminescence intensity of the hydrodynamic cavitation considering the sound velocity was developed, and it was demonstrated that the estimated luminescence intensity agrees well with the measured luminescence intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Soyama
- Department of Finemechanics, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
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19
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Gao Y, Dashliborun AM, Zhou JZ, Zhang X. Formation and Stability of Cavitation Microbubbles in Process Water from the Oilsands Industry. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c04795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Gao
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Amir Motamed Dashliborun
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Joe Z. Zhou
- Disruptive Separation Technology Ltd. (DSTL), Edmonton, Alberta T6X 1M5, Canada
| | - Xuehua Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
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20
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Liu C, Li X, Li A, Cui Z, Chen L, Li Y. Cavitation onset caused by a dynamic pressure wave in liquid pipelines. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 68:105225. [PMID: 32615403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
When liquids flow in the pipelines, the onset of cavitation can be characterized by a variant of the Euler number known as the cavitation number (CN), which is based on the velocity and denoted by C in this paper. Conventionally, cavitation is considered to be induced when C ~ 1. However, experimental observations and several pipe bursts indicate that the CN may incorrectly predict the onset of cavitation. For example, when leakage occurs in the pipeline or a valve in the pipeline is opened, the resultant pressure loss generates a dynamic pressure wave with a small amplitude, which may lead to bubble formation, even though C ~ 1 is not satisfied. Hence, this paper proposes another CN based on the amplitude of the generated dynamic pressure wave, rather than the velocity, for ascertaining the onset of cavitation. The validity of the proposed CN was verified through experiments and a case study. The results indicated that the proposed CN can be effectively used for cavitation prediction induced by pressure fluctuations and for investigating phenomena such as pressure fluctuation, leakage, and corrosion in liquid pipelines, tanks, and pressure vessels, as well as the safety design of liquefied natural gas tanks and tankers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiwei Liu
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), No. 66, West Changjiang Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao 266580, China.
| | - Xuejie Li
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), No. 66, West Changjiang Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Anqi Li
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), No. 66, West Changjiang Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Zhaoxue Cui
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), No. 66, West Changjiang Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), No. 66, West Changjiang Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Yuxing Li
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), No. 66, West Changjiang Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao 266580, China
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21
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Bimestre TA, Júnior JAM, Botura CA, Canettieri E, Tuna CE. Theoretical modeling and experimental validation of hydrodynamic cavitation reactor with a Venturi tube for sugarcane bagasse pretreatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 311:123540. [PMID: 32446231 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A hydrodynamic cavitation reactor with a Venturi tube was modeled through a computational fluid dynamics approach in order to evaluate the influence of pressure ratio, diameter and length of the throat zone. A cavitation reactor equipped with a Venturi tube was built in accordance with the computational modeling results. Hydrodynamic cavitation assisted alkaline pretreatment was performed to evaluate the influence of NaOH concentration (1-5%), the weight to volume percentage of solid in liquid (1-5%) and the reaction time (20-60 min.) in the lignin removal. The response surface methodology was used to optimize pretreatment parameters for maximum lignin removal. The optimal condition was 4.90% of NaOH and a solid weight percentage in liquid of 2.03% in 58.33 min, resulting in a maximum removal of 56.01% of lignin. Hydrodynamic cavitation can be easy to employ, an efficient and promissory pretreatment tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Averaldo Bimestre
- Chemistry and Energy Department, Guaratinguetá Engineering Faculty, São Paulo State University UNESP, CEP: 12516-410, Guaratinguetá, SP, Brazil; Mechanical Engineering Department, Lorena Campus, São Paulo Salesian University Center UNISAL, CEP: 12600-100, Lorena, SP, Brazil.
| | - José Antonio Mantovani Júnior
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Lorena Campus, São Paulo Salesian University Center UNISAL, CEP: 12600-100, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - César Augusto Botura
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Lorena Campus, São Paulo Salesian University Center UNISAL, CEP: 12600-100, Lorena, SP, Brazil; Aerospace Metrological Reliability Division- CMA, Institute for Promotion and Industrial Coordinator- IFI, Department of Aerospace Science and Technology - DCTA, CEP: 12228-901, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - ElianaVieira Canettieri
- Chemistry and Energy Department, Guaratinguetá Engineering Faculty, São Paulo State University UNESP, CEP: 12516-410, Guaratinguetá, SP, Brazil
| | - Celso Eduardo Tuna
- Chemistry and Energy Department, Guaratinguetá Engineering Faculty, São Paulo State University UNESP, CEP: 12516-410, Guaratinguetá, SP, Brazil
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22
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Performance of Closed Loop Venturi Aspirated Aeration System: Experimental Study and Numerical Analysis with Discrete Bubble Model. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12061637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In wastewater treatment plants, aeration plays a significant role as it encourages aerobic respiration of microbes, which are necessary to break down carbonaceous matter in the waste stream. This process can account for the majority of energy use in wastewater treatment plants. The aeration process is also necessary in odor control in lagoons and in the aquaculture industry. Generally, the aeration process is accomplished with compressors or blowers which can be of low efficiency due to ideal gas laws. This study introduces the idea of increasing aeration efficiency by looping water from a reservoir through a piping network which includes a venturi aspirator at its inlet. For this purpose, an experimental study has been conducted in a laboratory setup with a pump which pulls water from a tank, passes it through a Venturi aspirator and a helical piping network intended to increase bubble residence time, before depositing it back into the bulk fluid tank. This same process is modeled computationally, using a discrete bubble method (DBM), with good agreement with experiments. The overall purpose here is to determine the optimal configurations for standard aeration efficiency (SAE) and the standard oxygen transfer rate (SOTR). A parametric study has been implemented using the DBM based on different hydraulic and flow parameters. The model is also used to predict the SAE of a hypothetical aeration system. Results indicate that it is possible to achieve SAE values in the range of surface aerators or submersed jet aerators using the proposed aeration system with less complex components, thereby decreasing overall costs.
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23
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Feng Y, Mu H, Liu X, Huang Z, Zhang H, Wang J, Yang Y. Leveraging 3D Printing for the Design of High-Performance Venturi Microbubble Generators. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Hongfeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Xi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Zhengliang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Haomiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Jingdai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Yongrong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
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24
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Numerical and Experimental Study on the Internal Flow of the Venturi Injector. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the appropriate numerical simulation methods for venturi injectors, including the investigation of the hydraulic performance, mixing process, and the flowing law of the two internal fluids, simulations and experiments were conducted in this study. In the simulations part, the cavitation model based on the standard k–ε turbulence and mixture models was added, after convergence of the calculations. The results revealed that the cavitation model has good agreement with the experiment. However, huge deviations occurred between the experimental results and the ones from the calculation when not considering the cavitation model after cavitation. Thus, it is inferred that the cavitation model can exactly predict the hydraulic performance of a venturi injector. In addition, the cavitation is a crucial factor affecting the hydraulic performance of a venturi injector. The cavitation can ensure the stability of the fertilizer absorption of the venturi injector and can realize the precise control of fertilization by the venturi injector, although it affects the flow stability and causes energy loss. Moreover, this study found that the mixing chamber and throat are the main areas of energy loss. Furthermore, we observed that the internal flow of the venturi injector results in the majority of mixing taking place at the diffusion and outlet sections.
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25
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Gevari MT, Shafaghi AH, Villanueva LG, Ghorbani M, Koşar A. Engineered Lateral Roughness Element Implementation and Working Fluid Alteration to Intensify Hydrodynamic Cavitating Flows on a Chip for Energy Harvesting. MICROMACHINES 2019; 11:mi11010049. [PMID: 31906037 PMCID: PMC7019874 DOI: 10.3390/mi11010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic cavitation is considered an effective tool to be used in different applications, such as surface cleaning, ones in the food industry, energy harvesting, water treatment, biomedical applications, and heat transfer enhancement. Thus, both characterization and intensification of cavitation phenomenon are of great importance. This study involves design and optimization of cavitation on chip devices by utilizing wall roughness elements and working fluid alteration. Seven different microfluidic devices were fabricated and tested. In order to harvest more energy from cavitating flows, different roughness elements were used to decrease the inlet pressure (input to the system), at which cavitation inception occurs. The implemented wall roughness elements were engineered structures in the shape of equilateral triangles embedded in the design of the microfluidic devices. The cavitation phenomena were also studied using ethanol as the working fluid, so that the fluid behavior differences in the tested cavitation on chip devices were explained and compared. The employment of the wall roughness elements was an effective approach to optimize the performances of the devices. The experimental results exhibited entirely different flow patterns for ethanol compared to water, which suggests the dominant effect of the surface tension on hydrodynamic cavitation in microfluidic channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Talebian Gevari
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey; (M.T.G.); (A.H.S.); (M.G.)
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Hosseinpour Shafaghi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey; (M.T.G.); (A.H.S.); (M.G.)
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Luis Guillermo Villanueva
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Morteza Ghorbani
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey; (M.T.G.); (A.H.S.); (M.G.)
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-141 57 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ali Koşar
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey; (M.T.G.); (A.H.S.); (M.G.)
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano-Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabanci University, Orhanli, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
- Correspondence:
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26
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Investigation on the Effect of Structural Parameters on Cavitation Characteristics for the Venturi Tube Using the CFD Method. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11102194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The venturi tube is a special kind of pipe which has been widely applied in many fields. Cavitation is one of the most important research issues for the Venturi tube. Hence, three key structural parameters (contraction angle, diffusion angle and contraction ratio) were selected to investigate the influence of different factors on cavitation characteristics, using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. A series of experiments for measuring the relationship between differential pressure and flow rate were carried out to verify the accuracy of the simulation method. Results showed that the simulation results had a high accuracy and the numerical method was feasible. The average vapor volume fraction of cross-section from the throat in the axial direction increased with increasing contraction angle. The cavity length increased with increasing contraction angle. The average volume fraction in the diffusion section rapidly decreased with increasing diffusion angle. The diffusion angle had no significant effect on the cavitation characteristics in the throat section and had a significant influence in the diffusion section. The average vapor volume fraction increased with decreasing contraction ratio. The contraction ratio had no significant effect on the cavity length under the same differential pressure. The average vapor volume fraction increased with decreasing contraction ratio. However, the variation in the throat section was less than the diffusion section. Under the same inlet and outlet pressure, the cavity lengths for different contraction ratios were basically the same, which indicated that the contraction ratio had no significant effect on the cavity length.
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27
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Li W, Xia F, Zhao S, Guo J, Zhang M, Li W, Zhang J. Mixing Performance of an Inline High-Shear Mixer with a Novel Pore-Array Liquid Distributor. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Fengshun Xia
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Shuchun Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Junheng Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Minqing Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Jinli Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, PR China
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28
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Dastane GG, Thakkar H, Shah R, Perala S, Raut J, Pandit A. Single and multiphase CFD simulations for designing cavitating venturi. Chem Eng Res Des 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2019.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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29
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Simpson A, Ranade VV. 110th Anniversary: Comparison of Cavitation Devices Based on Linear and Swirling Flows: Hydrodynamic Characteristics. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b02757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alister Simpson
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Vivek V. Ranade
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Alister Simpson
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQueen's University Belfast Belfast UK
| | - Vivek V. Ranade
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQueen's University Belfast Belfast UK
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