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Xie H, Liu N, Wang H, Chen S, Zeng J, Zhou G. Activated carbon with high mesopore ratio derived from waste Zanthoxylum bungeanum branches by KNO 3-assisted H 3PO 4 staged activation for toluene adsorption. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:104194-104208. [PMID: 37697201 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29806-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Waste Zanthoxylum bungeanum branches were used to prepare activated carbon adsorbents with high mesopore ratio by H3PO4 staged activation method with adding KNO3 additive. The prepared activated carbon adsorbents were characterized by SEM, BET, FT-IR, and XRD. The adsorption properties of the prepared activated carbon adsorbents were evaluated by the toluene adsorption/desorption in air. The quasi-first-order, quasi-second-order, and Bangham models were used to fit the obtained toluene adsorption results. The oxidative etching of KNO3 additive improved the pore-forming ability of the H3PO4 activator to enhance the activation pore-forming effects of the selected biomass raw material. The secondary pore-forming effects of K atoms promoted the effective expansion of the pore diameter in the activated carbon preparation process to prepare activated carbon adsorbents with high mesopore proportion. The specific surface area and mesopore proportion of the activated carbon adsorbents prepared by adding KNO3 additive exceeded 1100 m2/g and 71.00%, respectively, and the toluene adsorption capacity exceeded 370.00 mg/g. The rich mesopore structures can effectively reduce the toluene mass transfer resistance, which can promote the corresponding activated carbon adsorbent to be regenerated by low-temperature (40 °C) thermal desorption. The toluene adsorption on the prepared activated carbon adsorbents includes surface adsorption and diffusion in pore structures, and the toluene adsorption mechanism is more consistent with the Bangham kinetic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Xie
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Environmental New Materials, Department of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Na Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Environmental New Materials, Department of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Environmental New Materials, Department of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Engineering Research Center for Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Jia Zeng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Environmental New Materials, Department of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Guilin Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Environmental New Materials, Department of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China.
- Engineering Research Center for Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China.
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Li J, Cheng T, Ma X, Hou X, Wu H, Yang L. Effect of nitrogen functional groups on competitive adsorption between toluene and water vapor onto nitrogen-doped spherical resorcinol-formaldehyde resin-based activated carbon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:85257-85270. [PMID: 35793021 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21179-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the effect of nitrogen functional groups on the competitive adsorption of toluene and water vapor, a series of N-doped resorcinol-formaldehyde resin-based activated carbons using g-C3N4 as the nitrogen source were prepared, which possessed different N contents (1.29-6.14%). The competitive adsorption characteristics and mechanisms were investigated by characterizations, dynamic adsorption experiments, adsorption isotherms, and density functional theory calculations. Results showed that the normalized toluene adsorption capacity under 50 RH% was consistent with the N content, revealing that nitrogen functional groups can enhance the competitive adsorption for toluene under a humid atmosphere. Adsorption isotherms analysis suggested that nitrogen functional groups can not only accelerate the adsorption of toluene but also improve the hydrophobicity of carbon surface. Competitive adsorption mechanisms were ascribed to π-π interactions and electrostatic interactions. Specifically, graphitic-N and pyridinic-N enhance competitive adsorption for toluene through reinforced π-π interactions with toluene and weakened electrostatic interactions with water molecule. However, pyrrolic-N improve the competitive adsorption, which is principally attributed to enhanced π-π interactions with toluene. Furthermore, it was found that the reusability of activated carbon could be improved by nitrogen functional groups. This study provides theoretical hints to develop volatile organic compound adsorbents in the presence of water vapor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Li
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, #2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Tangying Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, #2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuwei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, #2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, #2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Linjun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, #2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, People's Republic of China.
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Li J, Cheng T, Ma X, Wu H, Yang L. Toluene and water vapor adsorption characteristics and selectivity on hydrophobic resin-based activated carbon. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wang X, Cheng H, Ye G, Fan J, Yao F, Wang Y, Jiao Y, Zhu W, Huang H, Ye D. Key factors and primary modification methods of activated carbon and their application in adsorption of carbon-based gases: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:131995. [PMID: 34509016 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To achieve carbon neutrality, it is necessary to control carbon-based gas emissions to the atmosphere. Among the various carbon-based gas removal technologies reported to date, adsorption is considered one of the most promising because of its economic efficiency, reusability, and low energy consumption. Activated carbon is widely used to treat different types of carbon-based gases owing to its large specific surface area, abundant functional groups, and strong adsorption capacity. This paper reviews the recent research progress into activated carbon as an adsorbent for carbon-based gases. The key factors (i.e., specific surface area, pore structure, and surface functional groups) affecting the adsorption of carbon-based gases by activated carbon were analyzed. The main methods employed to modify activated carbon (i.e., surface oxidation, surface reduction, loading materials, and plasma modification methods) to improve its adsorption capacity are also discussed herein, along with the targeted applications of such material in the adsorption of different types of carbon-based gases (such as aldehydes, ketones, aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, and carbon-based greenhouse gases). Finally, the future development directions and challenges of activated carbon are discussed. Our work will be expected to benefit the development of activated carbon exhibiting selective adsorption properties, and reduce the production costs of adsorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hairong Cheng
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangzheng Ye
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Fan
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Yao
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqin Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujun Jiao
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenfu Zhu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haomin Huang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, 510006, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control (SCUT), 510006, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, South China University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Daiqi Ye
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, 510006, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control (SCUT), 510006, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, South China University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China
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Lei B, Xie H, Chen S, Liu B, Zhou G. Control of pore structure and surface chemistry of activated carbon derived from waste Zanthoxylum bungeanum branches for toluene removal in air. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:27072-27092. [PMID: 32388755 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09115-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Activated carbon adsorption has been considered the most efficient technology toward VOC removal. The waste biomass as alternates solved the problems of high price and nonrenewable of traditional raw materials. The waste Zanthoxylum bungeanum branches were firstly selected as raw materials to prepare activated carbons. Interestingly, the pore structure and surface chemistry can be successfully controlled by adjusting the heating rate. The hierarchical porous carbons exhibited great potential for toluene adsorption. The micro-mesopore structure possessed unique spatial effect; micropores played a dominant role in adsorption process, especially narrow micropores (pore size ≤ 1.0 nm) emerged stronger adsorptive force toward toluene molecules due to overlapping attractive forces from neighboring pore walls. And mesopores not only displayed excellent transport diffusion but also provided adsorption sites. Additionally, the high graphitization degree enhanced the interaction between graphene layer equipped electron-rich regions and π-electrons on the aromatic ring by the π-π conjugated effect. The hydroxyl and carbonyl functional groups served as chemisorption sites and led to higher adsorption amounts. Fortunately, the regeneration can be achieved by thermal treatment at the low temperature (≤ 150 °C) or even gas purging at room temperature (20 °C), which avoided an explosion accident in the process of high-temperature regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingman Lei
- Engineering Research Center for Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Hongmei Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Shengming Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Biyan Liu
- Chongqing Feearth Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Guilin Zhou
- Engineering Research Center for Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China.
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Maitlo HA, Kim KH, Khan A, Szulejko JE, Kim JC, Song HN, Ahn WS. Competitive adsorption of gaseous aromatic hydrocarbons in a binary mixture on nanoporous covalent organic polymers at various partial pressures. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 173:1-11. [PMID: 30884433 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Covalent-organic polymers (COPs) are recognized for their great potential for treating diverse pollutants via adsorption. In this study, the sorption behavior of benzene and toluene was investigated both individually and in a binary mixture against two types of COPs possessing different -NH2 functionalities. Namely, the potential of COPs was tested against benzene and toluene in a low inlet partial pressure range (0.5-20 Pa) using carbonyl-incorporated aromatic polymer (CBAP)-1-based diethylenediamine (EDA) [CD] and ethylenetriamine (DETA) [CE]. The maximum adsorption capacity and breakthrough values of both COPs showed dynamic changes with increases in the partial pressures of benzene and toluene. The maximum adsorption capacities (Amax) of benzene (as the sole component in N2 under atmospheric conditions) on CD and CE were in the range of 24-36 and 33-75 mg g-1, respectively. In contrast, with benzene and toluene in a binary mixture, the benzene Amax decreased more than two-fold (range of 2.7-15 and 6-39 mg g-1, respectively) due to competition with toluene for sorption sites. In contrast, the toluene Amax values remained consistent, reflecting its competitive dominance over benzene. The adsorption behavior of the targeted compounds (i.e., benzene and toluene) was explained by fitting the adsorption data by diverse isotherm models (e.g., Langmuir, Freundlich, Elovich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich). The current research would be helpful for acquiring a better understanding of the factors affecting competitive adsorption between different VOCs in relation to a given sorbent and across varying partial pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubdar Ali Maitlo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Azmatullah Khan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea; Department of Civil Engineering, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Jan E Szulejko
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jo Chun Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Hee Nam Song
- ACEN Co., Ltd, Yeongtong-Gu Dukyong Dearo 1556-16, Suwon-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 16670, South Korea
| | - Wha-Seung Ahn
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea
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Zhao X, Zeng X, Qin Y, Li X, Zhu T, Tang X. An experimental and theoretical study of the adsorption removal of toluene and chlorobenzene on coconut shell derived carbon. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 206:285-292. [PMID: 29753291 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption performance of toluene and chlorobenzene on prepared coconut shell derived carbon (CDC) is investigated and compared with commercial activated carbon (CAC) by experiment and theory calculation. Textural properties of prepared adsorbents are characterized by N2 adsorption, infrared spectra (FT-IR), Raman spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS). Adsorption isotherms of toluene and chlorobenzene are obtained and fitted using structure optimizations, Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulation and thermodynamic models. The results indicate that CDC shows better volatile organic compounds (VOCs) removal performance than CAC, and chlorobenzene is easily adsorbed than toluene. On the aspect of textural characteristics, CDC possesses more micropores ratio and narrower pore size distribution than CAC. Furthermore, amounts of electron-withdrawing carbonyl groups on the CAC surface reduce the electron density of adsorbents, thus weakening the interaction between VOCs and adsorbents. On the aspect of model fitting, the Yoon and Nelson (Y-N) and Dubinin-Astakhov (D-A) models can well describe the dynamic adsorption and the adsorption equilibrium of toluene and chlorobenzene on CDC respectively. It is believed that substituent groups of adsorbates, making the charge distribution deviate, lead to adsorption potentials of chlorobenzene larger than toluene. In general, both the pore structure and the surface property of adsorbents affect the VOCs adsorption behaviors on CDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhao
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Xiaolan Zeng
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Yu Qin
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
| | - Tianle Zhu
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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Do D, Do H. Pore Characterization of Carbonaceous Materials by DFT and GCMC Simulations: A Review. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1260/026361703769645753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A review is given of the pore characterization of carbonaceous materials, including activated carbon, carbon fibres, carbon nanotubes, etc., using adsorption techniques. Since the pores of carbon media are mostly of molecular dimensions, the appropriate modern tools for the analysis of adsorption isotherms are grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations and density functional theory (DFT). These techniques are presented and applications of such tools in the derivation of pore-size distribution highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.D. Do
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - H.D. Do
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Narasimhan CSL, Thybaut JW, Denayer JF, Baron GV, Jacobs PA, Martens JA, Marin GB. Aggregation State Effects in Shape-Selective Hydroconversion. Ind Eng Chem Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ie070788v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. S. Laxmi Narasimhan
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S-5, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Chemie Ingenieurstechniek, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, and Centrum voor Oppervlakchemie en Katalyse, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - J. W. Thybaut
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S-5, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Chemie Ingenieurstechniek, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, and Centrum voor Oppervlakchemie en Katalyse, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - J. F. Denayer
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S-5, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Chemie Ingenieurstechniek, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, and Centrum voor Oppervlakchemie en Katalyse, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - G. V. Baron
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S-5, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Chemie Ingenieurstechniek, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, and Centrum voor Oppervlakchemie en Katalyse, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - P. A. Jacobs
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S-5, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Chemie Ingenieurstechniek, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, and Centrum voor Oppervlakchemie en Katalyse, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - J. A. Martens
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S-5, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Chemie Ingenieurstechniek, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, and Centrum voor Oppervlakchemie en Katalyse, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - G. B. Marin
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S-5, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Chemie Ingenieurstechniek, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, and Centrum voor Oppervlakchemie en Katalyse, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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Laxmi Narasimhan CS, Thybaut JW, Martens JA, Jacobs PA, Denayer JF, Marin GB. A Unified Single-Event Microkinetic Model for Alkane Hydroconversion in Different Aggregation States on Pt/H−USY-Zeolites. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:6750-8. [PMID: 16570981 DOI: 10.1021/jp054981j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A single-event microkinetic model for the catalytic hydroconversion of hydrocarbons on Pt/H-US-Y bifunctional zeolite catalysts developed for low-pressure vapor phase conditions was extended to cover high-pressure vapor phase and liquid phase conditions. The effect of the density of the bulk hydrocarbon phase on the physisorption as well as on the protonation steps of the reaction network was accounted for explicitly and can be interpreted in terms of "compression" of the hydrocarbon sorbate inside the zeolite pores and "solvation" of the catalyst framework by the dense bulk hydrocarbon phase. The bulk phase density effect on the physisorbed state is described via a single excess free enthalpy of physisorption. A dense bulk hydrocarbon phase destabilizes the sorbate molecules inside the catalyst pores. An expression of the excess free enthalpy of physisorption involving the fugacity coefficient and a zeolite dependent factor allows description of physisorption data. Typical excess free enthalpy values are in the range 1.5-5.1 kJ mol(-1) increasing with carbon number in the series of C5-C16 alkanes. At high-pressure vapor phase and liquid phase conditions, the excess standard protonation enthalpy is estimated at -7.8 kJ mol(-1) leading to relatively more stable carbenium ions at dense bulk phase conditions. As a result of the excess physisorption and protonation properties, the lightest hydrocarbons in mixtures are more competitive at dense phase conditions and their conversion is enhanced compared to low-density conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Laxmi Narasimhan
- Laboratorium voor Petrochemische Techniek, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S-5, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
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