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Xenotransplantation as a model for human testicular development. Differentiation 2017; 97:44-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Pothana L, Devi L, Venna NK, Pentakota N, Varma VP, Jose J, Goel S. Replacement of serum with ocular fluid for cryopreservation of immature testes. Cryobiology 2016; 73:356-366. [PMID: 27693391 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2016.09.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreservation of immature testis is a feasible approach for germplasm preservation of male animals. Combinations of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and foetal bovine serum (FBS) are used for testis cryopreservation. However, an alternative to FBS is needed, because FBS is expensive. Buffalo ocular fluid (BuOF), a slaughter house by-product, could be an economical option. The objective of the present study was to assess whether BuOF can replace FBS for cryopreservation of immature mouse (Mus musculus), rat (Rattus norvegicus), and buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) testes. Results showed that rodent and buffalo testes frozen in DMSO (10% for rodents and 20% for buffalo) with 20% FBS or BuOF had similar numbers of viable and DNA-damaged cells (P > 0.05). The expression of cell proliferation- (PCNA) and apoptosis-specific proteins (Annexin V and BAX/BCL2 ratio) were also comparable in mouse and buffalo testes frozen in DMSO with FBS or BuOF (P > 0.05). Interestingly, rat testis frozen in DMSO with BuOF had lower expression of Annexin V protein than testis frozen in DMSO with FBS (P < 0.05). The percentage of meiotic germ cells (pachytene-stage spermatocytes) in xenografts from testis frozen either in DMSO with BuOF or FBS did not significantly differ in rats or buffalo (P > 0.05). These findings provide evidence that BuOF has potential to replace FBS for cryopreservation of immature rodent and buffalo testis. Further investigation is needed to explore whether BuOF can replace FBS for testis cryopreservation of other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Pothana
- Laboratory for the Conservation of Endangered Species, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - Lalitha Devi
- Laboratory for the Conservation of Endangered Species, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Venna
- Laboratory for the Conservation of Endangered Species, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - Niharika Pentakota
- Laboratory for the Conservation of Endangered Species, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - Vivek Phani Varma
- Laboratory for the Conservation of Endangered Species, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - Jedy Jose
- Animal House, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - Sandeep Goel
- Laboratory for the Conservation of Endangered Species, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India.
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Reddy N, Mahla RS, Thathi R, Suman SK, Jose J, Goel S. Gonadal status of male recipient mice influences germ cell development in immature buffalo testis tissue xenograft. Reproduction 2012; 143:59-69. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-11-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Growth and development of immature testis xenograft from various domestic mammals has been shown in mouse recipients; however, buffalo testis xenografts have not been reported to date. In this study, small fragments of testis tissue from 8-week-old buffalo calves were implanted subcutaneously onto the back of immunodeficient male mouse recipients, which were either castrated or left intact (non-castrated). The xenografts were retrieved and analyzed 12 and 24 weeks later. The grafted tissue survived and grew in both types of recipient with a significant increase in weight and seminiferous tubule diameter. Recovery of grafts from intact recipients 24 weeks post-grafting was significantly lower than that from the castrated recipients. Seminal vesicle indices and serum testosterone levels were lower in castrated recipients at both collection time points in comparison to the intact recipients and non-grafted intact mouse controls. Pachytene spermatocytes were the most advanced germ cells observed in grafts recovered from castrated recipients 24 weeks post-grafting. Complete spermatogenesis, as indicated by the presence of elongated spermatids, was present only in grafts from intact recipients collected 24 weeks post-grafting. However, significant number of germ cells with DNA damage was also detected in these grafts as indicated by TUNEL assay. The complete germ cell differentiation in xenografts from intact recipients may be attributed to efficient Sertoli cell maturation. These results suggest that germ cell differentiation in buffalo testis xenograft can be completed by altering the recipient gonadal status.
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Rodriguez-Sosa JR, Foster RA, Hahnel A. Development of strips of ovine testes after xenografting under the skin of mice and co-transplantation of exogenous spermatogonia with grafts. Reproduction 2010; 139:227-35. [PMID: 19776101 DOI: 10.1530/rep-09-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Xenografting of testicular tissue is an attractive new strategy for studying postnatal development of spermatogenesis and to preserve male genetics in large mammals. Typically, small cubes of immature testis (1 mm(3)) are grafted under the dorsal skin of immune-deficient mice. We attempted to increase the total number of seminiferous tubules in each xenograft with spermatogenesis by grafting flat strips of testis (approximately 9 x 5 x 1 mm) from ram lambs in immune-deficient mice. The percentage of grafts that survived and percentage of seminiferous tubules that developed spermatogenesis were the same as those reported after xenografting small cubes of lamb testis. Partially purified sheep spermatogonia were labeled with the fluorescent dye carboxy fluorescein diacetate succinyl diester and transplanted into the seminiferous tubules of one of the donor testis just before engraftment. The temporary label in the donor cells was detected for 4 weeks after xenografting, suggesting that co-engraftment of spermatogonia with testicular tissue may be a way to rapidly determine the effect of a specific gene on spermatogenesis. Finally, Sertoli cell lesions in xenografts of lamb testes were quantified, and their number and severity were found to increase, especially after grafts had been in place for 4 weeks. Although this coincided with the development of spermatogenesis, the extent of germ cell differentiation negatively correlated with severity of the lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Rodriguez-Sosa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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Rodriguez-Sosa JR, Dobrinski I. Recent developments in testis tissue xenografting. Reproduction 2009; 138:187-94. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-09-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Development of the mammalian testis and spermatogenesis involve complex processes of cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, and cell–cell interactions. Although our knowledge of these processes has increased in the last few decades, many aspects still remain unclear. The lack of suitable systems that allow to recapitulate and manipulate both testis development and spermatogenesisex situhas limited our ability to study these processes. In the last few years, two observations suggested novel strategies that will improve our ability to study and manipulate mammalian spermatogenesis: i) testis tissue from immature animals transplanted ectopically into immunodeficient mice is able to respond to mouse gonadotropins and to initiate and complete differentiation to the level where fertilization-competent sperm are obtained, and ii) isolated testis cells are able to organize and rearrange into seminiferous cords that subsequently undergo complete development, including production of viable sperm. The current paper reviews recent advances that have been obtained with both techniques that represent novel opportunities to explore testis development and spermatogenesis in diverse mammalian species.
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TURNER CDONNELL. EXPERIMENTAL REVERSAL OF GERM CELLS1). Dev Growth Differ 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-169x.1969.00206.pp.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wyns C, Curaba M, Martinez-Madrid B, Van Langendonckt A, François-Xavier W, Donnez J. Spermatogonial survival after cryopreservation and short-term orthotopic immature human cryptorchid testicular tissue grafting to immunodeficient mice. Hum Reprod 2007; 22:1603-11. [PMID: 17483089 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dem062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fertility preservation has become an urgent clinical requisite for prepubertal male cancer patients undergoing gonadotoxic treatment. As these patients do not yet produce spermatozoa for freezing, only immature tissue is available for storage. We studied the survival and proliferative activity of spermatogonia and Sertoli cells after cryopreservation of cryptorchid testicular tissue pieces followed by xenografting for 21 days. METHODS AND RESULTS Single pieces of tissue from cryptorchid testes (2-9 mm(3)) of young boys (2-12 years) were cryopreserved, thawed and transplanted into the scrotum of mice. Quantitative morphometric and immunohistochemical techniques were used to evaluate the integrity of the tissue, as well as the survival and proliferative capacity of spermatogonia and Sertoli cells before and after freezing/thawing/grafting. Three weeks after grafting, cryopreserved tissue was removed and analysed. Most of the tubules (88.3%) were intact and there was no fibrosis or sclerosis, 14.5% of the initial spermatogonial population remained, as identified by the MAGE A4 antibody, and 32% of these cells showed proliferative activity evidenced by Ki67, compared to 17.8% before cryopreservation and grafting. The number of Sertoli cells was unchanged and 5.1% were Ki67-positive, compared to none at all before freezing and grafting. CONCLUSIONS Through our orthotopic xenografting model, we have demonstrated the survival and proliferative activity of spermatogonia and Sertoli cells in cryopreserved immature human cryptorchid tissue. Testicular tissue banking may thus prove to be a promising technique for the preservation of fertility in prepubertal boys undergoing oncological treatments. As the stem cell niche is maintained, the cryopreserved tissue can potentially be used for future autotransplantation. In addition, whole tissue freezing does not exclude alternative clinical uses, including isolated cell transplantation after dissociation, selection and enrichment. However, as this work was done on cryptorchid tissue, studies on normal immature testicular tissue, involving longer grafting periods, are needed to demonstrate a differentiation capacity before clinical implementation. Ethical and safety issues should also be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Wyns
- Gynecology Research Unit, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Ma P, Ge Y, Wang S, Ma J, Xue S, Han D. Spermatogenesis following syngeneic testicular transplantation in Balb/c mice. Reproduction 2004; 128:163-70. [PMID: 15280555 DOI: 10.1530/rep.1.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Transplantation of spermatogonial stem cells in cross-species has been widely used to study the function of Sertoli cells and the effect of phylogenetic distance between donor and recipient animals on the outcome of spermatogonial transplantation, whereas there have been only a few reports on the transplantation of testis tissue. The objective of the present study was to examine the development of grafted testes and the kinetics of spermatogenesis following syngeneic testicular transplantation in both male and female recipient Balb/c mice in an effort to establish an in vivo culture system and to compare the effects of host sex on spermatogenesis. The testes from 5-day-old Balb/c mice were transplanted under the dorsal skin of four-week-old mice. Twenty male and twenty female Balb/c mice were used as the hosts and each host received 4 grafts. The recipient mice were killed at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12 and 15 weeks after transplantation. The graft survival rate and graft size were measured. The status of spermatogenesis was assessed by histological analyses. The expression of the spermatid-specific Protamine-2 gene was examined by RT-PCR. Overall, 70.3% of the testicular grafts in male hosts and 67.2% in female hosts survived. All recovered grafts had increased in volume, some of them had increased by more than 30-fold. The architecture of the seminiferous tubules in female hosts appeared to be better than that in male hosts. The round spermatids were the most advanced germ cells until 15 weeks after transplantation, and no complete spermatozoon was observed in any of the grafts. The expression of protamine-2 was detected in grafts from 5 weeks posttransplantation in both male and female hosts, confirming that the spermatogenic cells differentiated into spermatids. In contrast to grafts, the testes of male hosts had a normal histological appearance. The results showed the schedule of spermatogenesis following syngeneic testicular transplantation in both male and female hosts. This model could be useful for further studies involving the endocrinology of the testis and the mechanisms of spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
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Bozhedomov VA, Sukhikh GT, Molnar EM. [Prospects for clinical transplantation of the testis as an organ and as a tissue]. BIULLETEN' EKSPERIMENTAL'NOI BIOLOGII I MEDITSINY 1994; 117:400-4. [PMID: 9296672 DOI: 10.1007/bf02444196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Abstract
Transplantation experiments involving the testis have been performed since the days of John Hunter, who transplanted a testis into the belly of a hen. The first person to use the testis as a site of transplantation appears to have been Sand, who found in 1919 that an ovary transplanted into the substance of the testis developed follicles. By 1970, there was considerable evidence that the testis under some circumstances was a relatively favorable site for graft survival. However, much of the evidence was equivocal, and the immunological privilege was by no means complete.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Setchell
- Department of Animal Sciences, Waite Agricultural Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Australia
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Abstract
The production of testicular androgen-binding protein (ABP), as a measure of Sertoli cell function, was studied after unilateral or bilateral experimental cryptorchidism in adult rats. Two or 4 weeks after the testis had been translocated to the abdomen, no major changes were found in the concentration of ABP per mg protein, although there was a marked and progressive decrease in ABP content per testis. However, the rate of ABP production was greatly decreased, as measured by the accumulation of ABP during 16-h ligation of the efferent ducts or by the production of ABP by testis mince in an in vitro system. This indicates that the Sertoli cell function is severly impaired by the intra-abdominal position.
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Colvin LB, Wright PL. The performance of female broilers with non-orthotopic, testicular homografts. Poult Sci 1974; 53:1612-4. [PMID: 4854989 DOI: 10.3382/ps.0531612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Fox M, Boyle PF, Hammonds JC. Transplantation of interstitial cells of the testis. BRITISH JOURNAL OF UROLOGY 1973; 45:696-701. [PMID: 4775743 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.1973.tb12242.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Chan F, Allison JE, Stanley AJ, Gumbreck LG. Reciprocal transplantation of testes between normal and pseudohermaphroditic male rats. Fertil Steril 1969; 20:482-94. [PMID: 5769397 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)37037-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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TURNER CDONNELL. EXPERIMENTAL REVERSAL OF GERM CELLS1). Dev Growth Differ 1969. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-169x.1969.00206.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Bronski M. Transplantation of guinea pig embryonic reproductive tissue into the anterior chamber of the eye in adult hosts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1953. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.1401240210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Runner MN. Development of mouse eggs in the anterior chamber of the eye. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1947; 98:1-17. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.1090980102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kammeraad A. The development of the gastro-intestinal tract of the rat. II. Homotransplantation of embryonic and adult gastro-intestinal tract mucosa of the rat to the anterior chamber of the eye. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1942. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.1400910104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Moore CR, Price D. Differentiation of embryonic reproductive tissues of the rat after transplantation into post-natal hosts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1942. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.1400900206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Turner CD. Homotransplantation of suprarenal glands from prepuberal rats into the eyes of adult hosts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1939. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.1090730203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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