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Bagci IS, Gurevich I, Dolorito JA, Tripathi P, Momin NS, Sun A, La T, Sridhar K, Marinkovich MP. Collagen VII's Dual Mesenchymal and Epithelial Origins: Implications for Molecular Corrective Therapies. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)01498-2. [PMID: 38980231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- I Sinem Bagci
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Irina Gurevich
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - John A Dolorito
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Pragya Tripathi
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Neha S Momin
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Angela Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Tatum La
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kunju Sridhar
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - M Peter Marinkovich
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Dermatology, Veterans Affairs Medicinal Center, Palo Alto, California, USA.
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2
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Byun KA, Kim HM, Oh S, Batsukh S, Son KH, Byun K. Radiofrequency Treatment Attenuates Age-Related Changes in Dermal-Epidermal Junctions of Animal Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5178. [PMID: 38791217 PMCID: PMC11120932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ) is essential for maintaining skin structural integrity and regulating cell survival and proliferation. Thus, DEJ rejuvenation is key for skin revitalization, particularly in age-related DEJ deterioration. Radiofrequency (RF) treatment, known for its ability to enhance collagen fiber production through thermal mechanisms and increase heat shock protein (HSP) expression, has emerged as a promising method for skin rejuvenation. Additionally, RF activates Piezo1, an ion channel implicated in macrophage polarization toward an M2 phenotype and enhanced TGF-β production. This study investigated the impact of RF treatment on HSP47 and HSP90 expression, known stimulators of DEJ protein expression. Furthermore, using in vitro and aged animal skin models, we assessed whether RF-induced Piezo1 activation and the subsequent M2 polarization could counter age-related DEJ changes. The RF treatment of H2O2-induced senescent keratinocytes upregulated the expression of HSP47, HSP90, TGF-β, and DEJ proteins, including collagen XVII. Similarly, the RF treatment of senescent macrophages increased Piezo1 and CD206 (M2 marker) expression. Conditioned media from RF-treated senescent macrophages enhanced the expression of TGF-β and DEJ proteins, such as nidogen and collagen IV, in senescent fibroblasts. In aged animal skin, RF treatment increased the expression of HSP47, HSP90, Piezo1, markers associated with M2 polarization, IL-10, and TGF-β. Additionally, RF treatment enhanced DEJ protein expression. Moreover, RF reduced lamina densa replication, disrupted lesions, promoted hemidesmosome formation, and increased epidermal thickness. Overall, RF treatment effectively enhanced DEJ protein expression and mitigated age-related DEJ structural changes by increasing HSP levels and activating Piezo1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-A Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- LIBON Inc., Incheon 22006, Republic of Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Moon Kim
- Maylin Anti-Aging Center Ilsan, Goyang 10391, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Sosorburam Batsukh
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health & Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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3
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Romanova OA, Klein OI, Sytina EV, Rudyak SG, Patsaev TD, Tenchurin TH, Grigorchuk AY, Demina TS, Chvalun SN, Panteleyev AA. Fibroblasts and polymer composition are essential for bioengineering of airway epithelium on nonwoven scaffolds. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2024; 35:851-868. [PMID: 38310545 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2024.2310370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
To make tissue engineering a truly effective tool, it is necessary to understand how the patterns of specific tissue development are modulated by and depend on the artificial environment. Even the most advanced approaches still do not fully meet the requirements of practical engineering of tracheobronchial epithelium. This study aimed to test the ability of the synthetic and natural nonwoven scaffolds to support the formation of morphological sound airway epithelium including the basement membrane (BM). We also sought to identify the potential role of fibroblasts in this process. Our results showed that nonwoven scaffolds are generally suitable for producing well-differentiated tracheobronchial epithelium (with cilia and goblet cells), while the structure and functionality of the equivalents appeared to be highly dependent on the composition of the scaffolds. Unlike natural scaffolds, synthetic ones supported the formation of the epithelium only when epithelial cells were cocultured with fibroblasts. Fibroblasts also appeared to be obligatory for basal lamina formation, regardless of the type of the nonwoven material used. However, even in the presence of fibroblasts, the synthetic scaffolds were unable to support the formation of the epithelium and of the BM (in particular, basal lamina) as effectively as the natural scaffolds did.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olga I Klein
- NRC Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation
- The Federal Research Center "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bach Institute of Biochemistry
| | | | - Stanislav G Rudyak
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | | | | | - Tatiana S Demina
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey N Chvalun
- NRC Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey A Panteleyev
- NRC Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation
- A.V. Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery, Moscow, Russian Federation
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4
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Goletz S, Pigors M, Lari TR, Hammers CM, Wang Y, Emtenani S, Aumailley M, Holtsche MM, Stang FH, Weyers I, König IR, Has C, Radzimski C, Komorowski L, Zillikens D, Schmidt E. Laminin β4 is a constituent of the cutaneous basement membrane zone and additional autoantigen of anti-p200 pemphigoid. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024; 90:790-797. [PMID: 37992812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-p200 pemphigoid is a subepidermal autoimmune blistering disease (AIBD) characterized by autoantibodies against a 200 kDa protein. Laminin γ1 has been described as target antigen in 70% to 90% of patients. No diagnostic assay is widely available for anti-p200 pemphigoid, which might be due to the unclear pathogenic relevance of anti-laminin γ1 autoantibodies. OBJECTIVE To identify a target antigen with higher clinical and diagnostic relevance. METHODS Immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, and immunoblotting were employed for analysis of skin extracts and sera of patients with anti-p200 pemphigoid (n = 60), other AIBD (n = 33), and healthy blood donors (n = 29). To localize the new antigen in skin, cultured keratinocytes and fibroblasts, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence microscopy were performed. RESULTS Laminin β4 was identified as target antigen of anti-p200 pemphigoid in all analyzed patients. It was located at the level of the basement membrane zone of the skin with predominant expression in keratinocytes. LIMITATIONS A higher number of sera needs to be tested to verify that laminin β4 is the diagnostically relevant antigen of anti-p200 pemphigoid. CONCLUSION The identification of laminin β4 as an additional target antigen in anti-p200 pemphigoid will allow its differentiation from other AIBD and as such, improve the management of these rare disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Goletz
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Manuela Pigors
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tina Rastegar Lari
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christoph M Hammers
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Shirin Emtenani
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Monique Aumailley
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maike M Holtsche
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Felix H Stang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery and Burn Care Unit, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Imke Weyers
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Inke R König
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Cristina Has
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Lars Komorowski
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Euroimmun AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Detlef Zillikens
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Enno Schmidt
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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5
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Urabe H, Akimoto R, Kamiya S, Hosoki K, Ichikawa H, Nishiyama T. Pulsed electrical stimulation and amino acid derivatives promote collagen gene expression in human dermal fibroblasts. Cytotechnology 2024; 76:139-151. [PMID: 38304625 PMCID: PMC10828296 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-023-00604-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Several collagen types are important for maintaining skin structure and function. Previous reports show that l-hydroxyproline (Hyp), N-acetyl-l-hydroxyproline (AHyp), and l-alanyl-l-glutamine (Aln-Gln) are biological active substances with collagen synthesis-promoting effects. In this study, we combined the promotive effects of pulsed electrical stimulation (PES) with three amino acid derivatives in human dermal fibroblasts. Fibroblasts were exposed to PES with a 4,800 Hz pulse frequency and a voltage at 1 or 5 V for 15 min. The gene expression of type I and III collagen (fibrillar collagen), type IV and VII collagen (basement membrane collagen and anchoring fibril collagen) were measured by RT-PCR 48 h after PES. PES alone promoted the expression of COL1A1 and COL3A1 at 5 V but did not alter that of COL4A1 and COL7A1. Each AAD and the AAD mixture promoted the expression of COL4A1 and COL7A1 but either repressed, or did not alter, that of COL1A1 and COL3A1. Compared to treatment with each AAD, PES at 5 V with Hyp promoted the expression of COL1A1 and COL3A1, enhanced COL3A1 expression with AHyp, and stimulated COL3A1 expression with Aln-Gln, while COL4A1 and COL7A1 expressions were not affected. PES and the AAD mixture significantly promoted COL4A1 expression in a voltage-dependent manner, and COL1A1 and COL3A1 demonstrated a similar but nonsignificant trend, whereas COL7A1 expression was not affected. The combination of PES with each AAD or the AAD mixture may improve skin structure and function by increasing the expression of basement membrane collagen and dermal fibrillar collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Urabe
- Homer Ion Laboratory Co., Ltd, 17-2 Shinsen-cho, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-0045 Japan
| | - Ryuji Akimoto
- Homer Ion Laboratory Co., Ltd, 17-2 Shinsen-cho, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-0045 Japan
| | - Shohei Kamiya
- Homer Ion Laboratory Co., Ltd, 17-2 Shinsen-cho, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-0045 Japan
| | - Katsu Hosoki
- Homer Ion Laboratory Co., Ltd, 17-2 Shinsen-cho, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-0045 Japan
| | - Hideyuki Ichikawa
- Homer Ion Laboratory Co., Ltd, 17-2 Shinsen-cho, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-0045 Japan
| | - Toshio Nishiyama
- Homer Ion Laboratory Co., Ltd, 17-2 Shinsen-cho, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-0045 Japan
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509 Japan
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6
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Zorina A, Zorin V, Isaev A, Kudlay D, Vasileva M, Kopnin P. Dermal Fibroblasts as the Main Target for Skin Anti-Age Correction Using a Combination of Regenerative Medicine Methods. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:3829-3847. [PMID: 37232716 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45050247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This article includes the data from current studies regarding the pathophysiological mechanisms of skin aging and the regenerative processes occurring in the epidermis and dermis at the molecular and cellular level, mainly, the key role of dermal fibroblasts in skin regeneration. Analyzing these data, the authors proposed the concept of skin anti-age therapy that is based on the correction of age-related skin changes by stimulating regenerative processes at the molecular and cellular level. The main target of the skin anti-age therapy is dermal fibroblasts (DFs). A variant of the cosmetological anti-age program using the combination of laser and cellular methods of regenerative medicine is presented in the paper. The program includes three stages of implementation and defines the tasks and methods of each stage. Thus, laser technologies allow one to remodel the collagen matrix and create favorable conditions for DFs functions, whereas the cultivated autologous dermal fibroblasts replenish the pool of mature DFs decreasing with age and are responsible for the synthesis of components of the dermal extracellular matrix. Finally, the use of autological platelet-rich plasma (PRP) enables to maintenance of the achieved results by stimulating DF function. It has been shown that growth factors/cytokines contained in α-granules of platelets injected into the skin bind to the corresponding transmembrane receptors on the surface of DFs and stimulate their synthetic activity. Thus, the consecutive, step-by-step application of the described methods of regenerative medicine amplifies the effect on the molecular and cellular aging processes and thereby allows one to optimize and prolong the clinical results of skin rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Zorina
- The Human Stem Cells Institute, Moscow 119333, Russia
- SKINCELL LLC, Moscow 119333, Russia
| | - Vadim Zorin
- The Human Stem Cells Institute, Moscow 119333, Russia
- SKINCELL LLC, Moscow 119333, Russia
| | - Artur Isaev
- The Human Stem Cells Institute, Moscow 119333, Russia
| | - Dmitry Kudlay
- Department of Pharmacology, The I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (The Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Maria Vasileva
- The N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Oncology Center, The Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Pavel Kopnin
- The N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Oncology Center, The Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow 115478, Russia
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7
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Ghannam SF, Rutland CS, Allegrucci C, Mongan NP, Rakha E. Defining invasion in breast cancer: the role of basement membrane. J Clin Pathol 2023; 76:11-18. [PMID: 36253088 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2022-208584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Basement membrane (BM) is an amorphous, sheet-like structure separating the epithelium from the stroma. BM is characterised by a complex structure comprising collagenous and non-collagenous proteoglycans and glycoproteins. In the breast, the thickness, density and composition of the BM around the ductal lobular system vary during differing development stages. In pathological conditions, the BM provides a physical barrier that separates proliferating intraductal epithelial cells from the surrounding stroma, and its absence or breach in malignant lesions is a hallmark of invasion and metastases. Currently, diagnostic services often use special stains and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to identify the BM in order to distinguish in situ from invasive lesions. However, distinguishing BM on stained sections, and differentiating the native BM from the reactive capsule or BM-like material surrounding some invasive malignant breast tumours is challenging. Although diagnostic use of the BM is being replaced by myoepithelial cell IHC markers, BM is considered by many to be a useful marker to distinguish in situ from invasive lesions in ambiguous cases. In this review, the structure, function and biological and clinical significance of the BM are discussed in relation to the various breast lesions with emphasis on how to distinguish the native BM from alternative pathological tissue mimicking its histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan F Ghannam
- Division of cancer and stem cells, school of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Histology and Cell Biology, Suez Canal University Faculty of Medicine, Ismailia, Egypt
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Catrin Sian Rutland
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Cinzia Allegrucci
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emad Rakha
- Division of cancer and stem cells, school of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Histopathology,school of Medicine, University of Nottingham School of Medicine, Nottingham, UK
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8
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Miyachi K, Yamada T, Sanada A, Inoue Y, Hasebe Y, Arima M, Iwata Y, Hasegawa S, Sugiura K, Akamatsu H. Melanin accumulation in dermal stem cells deteriorates their exosome-mediated skin basement membrane construction in solar lentigo. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1881-1890. [PMID: 36048560 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Solar lentigo (SL) is a hyperpigmented macule that occurs in sun-exposed areas and is characterized by the accumulation of melanin pigment in the epidermis. On the contrary, melanin-incorporated macrophages have also been identified in the dermis, which is thought to be caused by melanin transfer due to disruption of the basement membrane, but the detailed mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we analysed SL lesions by pathological methods and examined the mechanism of melanin accumulation in the dermis using cultured skin models in vitro. First, we observed a significant decrease in type IV collagen (COL4), a major component of the basement membrane, in SL lesions. The basement membrane is known to be formed by the interaction of keratinocytes and dermal cells. Therefore, we constructed skin models containing fibroblasts or dermal stem cells and examined their effects on basement membrane formation. The results showed a markedly enhanced production of COL4 mediated by dermal stem cell-derived exosomes. The analysis of melanin localization in the SL dermis revealed that CD163-positive macrophages and CD271-positive dermal stem cells both took up melanin pigment. Exosomes of dermal stem cells incorporating melanosomes were less effective in promoting COL4 expression. These findings suggest that while the promotion of COL4 production in keratinocytes by dermal stem cell-derived exosomes is important for maintaining basement membrane homeostasis, this mechanism is disrupted in SL lesions, leading to chronic melanin accumulation in the dermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuma Miyachi
- Research Laboratories, Nippon MENARD Cosmetic Co., Ltd., Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takaaki Yamada
- Research Laboratories, Nippon MENARD Cosmetic Co., Ltd., Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Applied Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ayumi Sanada
- Research Laboratories, Nippon MENARD Cosmetic Co., Ltd., Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yu Inoue
- Research Laboratories, Nippon MENARD Cosmetic Co., Ltd., Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Nagoya University-MENARD Collaborative Research Chair, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hasebe
- Research Laboratories, Nippon MENARD Cosmetic Co., Ltd., Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Nagoya University-MENARD Collaborative Research Chair, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaru Arima
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yohei Iwata
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Seiji Hasegawa
- Research Laboratories, Nippon MENARD Cosmetic Co., Ltd., Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.,Nagoya University-MENARD Collaborative Research Chair, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Sugiura
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Akamatsu
- Department of Applied Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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9
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So JY, Nazaroff J, Iwummadu CV, Harris N, Gorell ES, Fulchand S, Bailey I, McCarthy D, Siprashvili Z, Marinkovich MP, Tang JY, Chiou AS. Long-term safety and efficacy of gene-corrected autologous keratinocyte grafts for recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:377. [PMID: 36253825 PMCID: PMC9574807 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02546-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is a rare, devastating blistering genodermatosis caused by mutations in the COL7A1 gene, which encodes for type VII collagen and is necessary for dermal-epidermal adhesion and integrity. Disease manifestations include severe and debilitating wounds, aggressive squamous cell carcinomas, and premature death; however, there are currently no approved therapies. This Phase 1/2a, open-label study evaluated the long-term efficacy and safety of gene-corrected autologous keratinocyte grafts (EB-101) for chronic RDEB wounds.
Methods Autologous keratinocytes were harvested from participants with severe RDEB, transduced with a retrovirus containing the full-length COL7A1 gene, and grown into 5 × 7 cm (35 cm2) sheets. Gene-corrected keratinocyte sheets were then transplanted onto chronic RDEB wounds present for ≥ 12 weeks.
Results Seven adult participants with severe RDEB were grafted with six sheets each (42 total sheets) onto wounds and followed for a mean of 5.9 years (range 4–8 years). Long-term improvements in wound healing and symptoms were observed. At year five, 70% (21/30) of treated sites demonstrated ≥ 50% wound healing compared to baseline by investigator global assessment. No sites with ≥ 50% wound healing were painful or pruritic, compared to 67% (6/9) of sites with < 50% wound healing (p < 0.001) at year five. Grafts were well-tolerated throughout long-term follow-up. No serious adverse events related to treatment were reported over a mean of 5.9 years of follow-up. No persistent systemic autoimmunity against type VII collagen or replication-competent retrovirus infections were identified, and no participants developed squamous cell carcinomas related to treatment during long-term follow-up. Conclusions Treatment with EB-101 appears safe and efficacious, and produces long-term improvements in wound healing, pain, and itch for RDEB patients. Results from the Phase 3 randomized controlled trial are forthcoming. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01263379. Registered December 15, 2010. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01263379 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-022-02546-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi Y So
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 455 Broadway Street, Room 143, MC 5338, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
| | - Jaron Nazaroff
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 455 Broadway Street, Room 143, MC 5338, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
| | - Chinonso V Iwummadu
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 455 Broadway Street, Room 143, MC 5338, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
| | - Nicki Harris
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 455 Broadway Street, Room 143, MC 5338, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
| | - Emily S Gorell
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Shivali Fulchand
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 455 Broadway Street, Room 143, MC 5338, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
| | - Irene Bailey
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 455 Broadway Street, Room 143, MC 5338, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
| | | | - Zurab Siprashvili
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 455 Broadway Street, Room 143, MC 5338, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
| | - M Peter Marinkovich
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 455 Broadway Street, Room 143, MC 5338, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA.,Dermatology Division, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jean Y Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 455 Broadway Street, Room 143, MC 5338, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
| | - Albert S Chiou
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 455 Broadway Street, Room 143, MC 5338, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA.
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10
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Sorrell JM, Caplan AI. Heparan Sulfate: A Regulator of White Adipocyte Differentiation and of Vascular/Adipocyte Interactions. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092115. [PMID: 36140217 PMCID: PMC9495464 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissues are major endocrine organs that release factors, termed adipokines, which affect other major organ systems. The development and functions of adipose tissues depend largely upon the glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) surround both adipocytes and vascular structures and facilitate the communication between these two components. This communication mediates the continued export of adipokines from adipose tissues. Heparan sulfates regulate cellular physiology and communication through a sulfation code that ionically interacts with heparan-binding regions on a select set of proteins. Many of these proteins are growth factors and chemokines that regulate tissue function and inflammation. Cells regulate heparan sulfate sulfation through the release of heparanases and sulfatases. It is now possible to tissue engineer vascularized adipose tissues that express heparan sulfate proteoglycans. This makes it possible to use these tissue constructs to study the role of heparan sulfates in the regulation of adipokine production and release. It is possible to regulate the production of heparanases and sulfatases in order to fine-tune experimental studies.
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11
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SPARC promotes production of type IV and VII collagen and their skin basement membrane accumulation. J Dermatol Sci 2022; 107:109-112. [PMID: 35906114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Duhig EE. Usual interstitial pneumonia: a review of the pathogenesis and discussion of elastin fibres, type II pneumocytes and proposed roles in the pathogenesis. Pathology 2022; 54:517-525. [PMID: 35778287 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and its histological counterpart, usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) remains debated. IPF/UIP is a disease characterised by respiratory restriction, and while there have been recent advances in treatment, mortality remains high. Genetic and environmental factors predispose to its development and aberrant alveolar repair is thought to be central. Following alveolar injury, the type II pneumocyte (AEC2) replaces the damaged thin type I pneumocytes. Despite the interstitial fibroblast being considered instrumental in formation of the fibrosis, there has been little consideration for a role for AEC2 in the repair of the septal interstitium. Elastin is a complex protein that conveys flexibility and recoil to the lung. The fibroblast is presumed to produce elastin but there is evidence that the AEC2 may have a role in production or deposition. While the lung is an elastic organ, the role of elastin in repair of lung injury and its possible role in UIP has not been explored in depth. In this paper, pathogenetic mechanisms of UIP involving AEC2 and elastin are reviewed and the possible role of AEC2 in elastin generation is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwina E Duhig
- Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, The John Flynn Hospital, Tugun, Qld, Australia; UQ Thoracic Research Centre, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Qld, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Qld, Australia.
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13
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Wilson SE, Shiju TM, Sampaio LP, Hilgert GL. Corneal fibroblast collagen type IV negative feedback modulation of TGF beta: A fibrosis modulating system likely active in other organs. Matrix Biol 2022; 109:162-172. [PMID: 35421526 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Collagen type IV (COL IV) is a major component of basement membranes (BM) in all organs. It serves functions related to BM organization and modulates the passage of growth factors from one tissue compartment to another. COL IV binds transforming growth factor (TGF) beta-1 and TGF beta-2 and, therefore, is a major modulator of TGF beta pro-fibrotic functions. After fibrotic corneal injury, TGF beta enters into the stroma from the tears, epithelium, endothelium and/or aqueous humor and markedly upregulates COL IV production in corneal fibroblasts in the adjacent stroma far removed from BMs. It is hypothesized this non-BM stromal COL IV binds TGF beta-1 (and likely TGF beta-2) in competition with the binding of the growth factors to TGF beta cognate receptors and serves as a negative feedback regulatory pathway to mitigate the effects of TGF beta on stromal cells, including reducing the developmental transition of corneal fibroblasts and fibrocytes into myofibroblasts. Losartan, a known TGF beta signaling inhibitor, when applied topically to the cornea after fibrotic injury, alters this COL IV-TGF beta pathway by down-regulating COL IV production by corneal fibroblasts. Non-BM COL IV produced in response to injuries in other organs, including the lung, skin, liver, kidney, and gut, may participate in similar COL IV-TGF beta pathways and have an important role in controlling TGF beta pro-fibrotic effects in these organs.
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14
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Gurevich I, Agarwal P, Zhang P, Dolorito JA, Oliver S, Liu H, Reitze N, Sarma N, Bagci IS, Sridhar K, Kakarla V, Yenamandra VK, O'Malley M, Prisco M, Tufa SF, Keene DR, South AP, Krishnan SM, Marinkovich MP. In vivo topical gene therapy for recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa: a phase 1 and 2 trial. Nat Med 2022; 28:780-788. [PMID: 35347281 PMCID: PMC9018416 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01737-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is a lifelong genodermatosis associated with blistering, wounding, and scarring caused by mutations in COL7A1, the gene encoding the anchoring fibril component, collagen VII (C7). Here, we evaluated beremagene geperpavec (B-VEC), an engineered, non-replicating COL7A1 containing herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) vector, to treat RDEB skin. B-VEC restored C7 expression in RDEB keratinocytes, fibroblasts, RDEB mice and human RDEB xenografts. Subsequently, a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 1 and 2 clinical trial (NCT03536143) evaluated matched wounds from nine RDEB patients receiving topical B-VEC or placebo repeatedly over 12 weeks. No grade 2 or above B-VEC-related adverse events or vector shedding or tissue-bound skin immunoreactants were noted. HSV-1 and C7 antibodies sometimes presented at baseline or increased after B-VEC treatment without an apparent impact on safety or efficacy. Primary and secondary objectives of C7 expression, anchoring fibril assembly, wound surface area reduction, duration of wound closure, and time to wound closure following B-VEC treatment were met. A patient-reported pain-severity secondary outcome was not assessed given the small proportion of wounds treated. A global assessment secondary endpoint was not pursued due to redundancy with regard to other endpoints. These studies show that B-VEC is an easily administered, safely tolerated, topical molecular corrective therapy promoting wound healing in patients with RDEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Gurevich
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - John A Dolorito
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Henry Liu
- Krystal Biotech, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Isin Sinem Bagci
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kunju Sridhar
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Visesha Kakarla
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vamsi K Yenamandra
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Marco Prisco
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sara F Tufa
- Microscopy Unit, Shriners Hospital for Children, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Douglas R Keene
- Microscopy Unit, Shriners Hospital for Children, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Andrew P South
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - M Peter Marinkovich
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Palo Alto, Stanford, CA, USA.
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15
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Wilson SE. Defective perlecan-associated basement membrane regeneration and altered modulation of transforming growth factor beta in corneal fibrosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:144. [PMID: 35188596 PMCID: PMC8972081 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04184-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the cornea, the epithelial basement membrane (EBM) and corneal endothelial Descemet's basement membrane (DBM) critically regulate the localization, availability and, therefore, the functions of transforming growth factor (TGF)β1, TGFβ2, and platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF) that modulate myofibroblast development. Defective regeneration of the EBM, and notably diminished perlecan incorporation, occurs via several mechanisms and results in excessive and prolonged penetration of pro-fibrotic growth factors into the stroma. These growth factors drive mature myofibroblast development from both corneal fibroblasts and bone marrow-derived fibrocytes, and then the persistence of these myofibroblasts and the disordered collagens and other matrix materials they produce to generate stromal scarring fibrosis. Corneal stromal fibrosis often resolves completely if the inciting factor is removed and the BM regenerates. Similar defects in BM regeneration are likely associated with the development of fibrosis in other organs where perlecan has a critical role in the modulation of signaling by TGFβ1 and TGFβ2. Other BM components, such as collagen type IV and collagen type XIII, are also critical regulators of TGF beta (and other growth factors) in the cornea and other organs. After injury, BM components are dynamically secreted and assembled through the cooperation of neighboring cells-for example, the epithelial cells and keratocytes for the corneal EBM and corneal endothelial cells and keratocytes for the corneal DBM. One of the most critical functions of these reassembled BMs in all organs is to modulate the pro-fibrotic effects of TGFβs, PDGFs and other growth factors between tissues that comprise the organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Wilson
- Cole Eye Institute, I-32, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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16
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Lee SY, Won KJ, Kim DY, Kim MJ, Won YR, Kim NY, Lee HM. Wound Healing-Promoting and Melanogenesis-Inhibiting Activities of Angelica polymorpha Maxim. Flower Absolute In Vitro and Its Chemical Composition. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206172. [PMID: 34684753 PMCID: PMC8539107 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Angelica polymorpha Maxim. (APM) is used in traditional medicine to treat chronic gastritis, rheumatic pain, and duodenal bulbar ulcers. However, it is not known whether APM has epidermis-associated biological activities. Here, we investigated the effects of APM flower absolute (APMFAb) on responses associated with skin wound healing and whitening using epidermal cells. APMFAb was obtained by solvent extraction and its composition was analyzed by GC/MS. Water-soluble tetrazolium salt, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation, Boyden chamber, sprouting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and immunoblotting were used to examine the effects of APMFAb on HaCaT keratinocytes and B16BL6 melanoma cells. APMFAb contained five compounds and induced keratinocyte migration, proliferation, and type IV collagen synthesis. APMFAb also induced the phosphorylations of ERK1/2, JNK, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and AKT in keratinocytes. In addition, APMFAb decreased serum-induced B16BL6 cell proliferation and inhibited tyrosinase expression, melanin contents, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor expression in α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-stimulated B16BL6 cells. These findings demonstrate that APMFAb has beneficial effects on skin wound healing by promoting the proliferation, migration, and collagen synthesis of keratinocytes and on skin whitening by inhibiting melanin synthesis in melanoma cells. Therefore, we suggest that APMFAb has potential use as a wound healing and skin whitening agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yeon Lee
- Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (S.-Y.L.); (D.-Y.K.); (M.-J.K.); (Y.-R.W.); (N.-Y.K.)
| | - Kyung-Jong Won
- Department of Physiology and Medical Science, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Do-Yoon Kim
- Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (S.-Y.L.); (D.-Y.K.); (M.-J.K.); (Y.-R.W.); (N.-Y.K.)
| | - Mi-Jung Kim
- Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (S.-Y.L.); (D.-Y.K.); (M.-J.K.); (Y.-R.W.); (N.-Y.K.)
| | - Yu-Rim Won
- Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (S.-Y.L.); (D.-Y.K.); (M.-J.K.); (Y.-R.W.); (N.-Y.K.)
| | - Nan-Young Kim
- Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (S.-Y.L.); (D.-Y.K.); (M.-J.K.); (Y.-R.W.); (N.-Y.K.)
| | - Hwan-Myung Lee
- Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (S.-Y.L.); (D.-Y.K.); (M.-J.K.); (Y.-R.W.); (N.-Y.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-540-9551
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17
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Kang HM, Won KJ, Kim DY, Lee SY, Kim MJ, Won YR, Kim B, Lee HM. Chemical Composition of Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens Flower Absolute and Its Beneficial Effects on Skin Wound Healing and Melanogenesis-Related Cell Activities. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100383. [PMID: 34405949 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens (MSP, flame grass) is found in Korea, Japan, and China, and its biological activities include anti-cancer, detoxifying, vasodilatory, antipyretic, and diuretic effects. However, no study has investigated the effects of MSP on skin-related biological activities. In this study, we explored the effects of the absolute extracted from the MSP flowers (MSPFAb) on skin wound healing- and whitening-related responses in keratinocytes or melanocytes. MSPFAb contained 6 components and induced the proliferation, migration, and syntheses of type I and IV collagens in keratinocytes. MSPFAb also increased the phosphorylations of serine/threonine-specific protein kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 in keratinocytes. In addition, treatment with MSPFAb decreased serum-induced melanoma cell proliferation and inhibited tyrosinase activity and melanin contents in α-MSH-stimulated melanoma cells. Taken together, this study indicates MSPFAb may promote wound healing- and whitening-associated activities in dermal cells, and suggests that it has potential use as a wound healing and skin whitening agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Min Kang
- Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, 31499, South Korea
| | - Kyung Jong Won
- Department of Physiology and Medical science, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea
| | - Do Yoon Kim
- Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, 31499, South Korea
| | - Su Yeon Lee
- Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, 31499, South Korea
| | - Mi Jung Kim
- Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, 31499, South Korea
| | - Yu Rim Won
- Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, 31499, South Korea
| | - Bokyung Kim
- Department of Physiology and Medical science, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea
| | - Hwan Myung Lee
- Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, 31499, South Korea
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18
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Inagaki A, Imura T, Nakamura Y, Ohashi K, Goto M. The Liver Surface Is an Attractive Transplant Site for Pancreatic Islet Transplantation. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10040724. [PMID: 33673132 PMCID: PMC7918755 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current clinical islet transplantation, intraportal transplantation is regarded as the gold-standard procedure. However, in this procedure, 50 to 70% of the transplanted islets are immediately damaged due to a strong innate immune response based on islet–blood contact. We investigated the transplant efficiency of a novel method of liver surface transplantation using a syngeneic keratinocyte sheet to avoid islet–blood contact. To examine the influence of the keratinocyte sheet, substantial amounts of syngeneic islets (8 IEQs/g) were transplanted on the liver surface of diabetic rats, while marginal amounts of islets (4 IEQs/g) were transplanted via intraportal transplantation to compare the transplant efficiency. Blood glucose, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance, immunohistochemistry, and in vivo imaging findings of the cell sheet were evaluated. The study showed that islet transplantation to the liver surface immediately followed by a syngeneic keratinocyte sheet covering was effective for curing diabetic rats, while no rats were cured in the group without the cell sheet. Notably, islet grafts transplanted via this approach appeared to penetrate into the liver parenchyma. However, the transplant efficiency did not reach that of intraportal transplantation. Further refinements of this approach by introducing mesothelial or fibroblast cell sheets in combination with a preferable scaffold for islet grafts may help to improve the transplant efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Inagaki
- Division of Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-0872, Japan; (A.I.); (T.I.)
| | - Takehiro Imura
- Division of Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-0872, Japan; (A.I.); (T.I.)
| | - Yasuhiro Nakamura
- Division of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 983-8536, Japan;
| | - Kazuo Ohashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
| | - Masafumi Goto
- Division of Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-0872, Japan; (A.I.); (T.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-22-717-7895
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19
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Mutant collagen COL11A1 enhances cancerous invasion. Oncogene 2021; 40:6299-6307. [PMID: 34584216 PMCID: PMC8566234 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02013-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Collagens are the most abundant proteins in the body and comprise the basement membranes and stroma through which cancerous invasion occurs; however, a pro-neoplastic function for mutant collagens is undefined. Here we identify COL11A1 mutations in 66 of 100 cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCCs), the second most common U.S. cancer, concentrated in a triple helical region known to produce trans-dominant collagens. Analysis of COL11A1 and other collagen genes found that they are mutated across common epithelial malignancies. Knockout of mutant COL11A1 impairs cSCC tumorigenesis in vivo. Compared to otherwise genetically identical COL11A1 wild-type tissue, gene-edited mutant COL11A1 skin is characterized by induction of β1 integrin targets and accelerated neoplastic invasion. In mosaic tissue, mutant COL11A1 cells enhanced invasion by neighboring wild-type cells. These results suggest that specific collagens are commonly mutated in cancer and that mutant collagens may accelerate this process.
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20
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Aumailley M. Laminins and interaction partners in the architecture of the basement membrane at the dermal-epidermal junction. Exp Dermatol 2020; 30:17-24. [PMID: 33205478 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The basement membrane at the dermal-epidermal junction keeps the epidermis attached to the dermis. This anatomical barrier is made up of four categories of extracellular matrix proteins: collagen IV, laminin, nidogen and perlecan. These proteins are precisely arranged in a well-defined architecture through specific interactions between the structural domains of the individual components. Some of the molecular constituents are provided by both fibroblasts and keratinocytes, while others are synthesized exclusively by fibroblasts or keratinocytes. It remains to be determined how the components from the fibroblasts are targeted to the dermal-epidermal junction and correctly organized and integrated with the proteins from the adjacent keratinocytes to form the basement membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Aumailley
- Medical Faculty, Center for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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21
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Bornert O, Hogervorst M, Nauroy P, Bischof J, Swildens J, Athanasiou I, Tufa SF, Keene DR, Kiritsi D, Hainzl S, Murauer EM, Marinkovich MP, Platenburg G, Hausser I, Wally V, Ritsema T, Koller U, Haisma EM, Nyström A. QR-313, an Antisense Oligonucleotide, Shows Therapeutic Efficacy for Treatment of Dominant and Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa: A Preclinical Study. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:883-893.e6. [PMID: 32946877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) is a blistering skin disease caused by mutations in the gene COL7A1 encoding collagen VII. DEB can be inherited as recessive DEB (RDEB) or dominant DEB (DDEB) and is associated with a high wound burden. Perpetual cycles of wounding and healing drive fibrosis in DDEB and RDEB, as well as the formation of a tumor-permissive microenvironment. Prolonging wound-free episodes by improving the quality of wound healing would therefore confer substantial benefit for individuals with DEB. The collagenous domain of collagen VII is encoded by 82 in-frame exons, which makes splice-modulation therapies attractive for DEB. Indeed, antisense oligonucleotide-based exon skipping has shown promise for RDEB. However, the suitability of antisense oligonucleotides for treatment of DDEB remains unexplored. Here, we developed QR-313, a clinically applicable, potent antisense oligonucleotide specifically targeting exon 73. We show the feasibility of topical delivery of QR-313 in a carbomer-composed gel for treatment of wounds to restore collagen VII abundance in human RDEB skin. Our data reveal that QR-313 also shows direct benefit for DDEB caused by exon 73 mutations. Thus, the same topically applied therapeutic could be used to improve the wound healing quality in RDEB and DDEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Bornert
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Pauline Nauroy
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Bischof
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jim Swildens
- ProQR Therapeutics N.V., Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ioannis Athanasiou
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sara F Tufa
- Micro-Imaging Center, Shriners Hospital for Children, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Douglas R Keene
- Micro-Imaging Center, Shriners Hospital for Children, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Dimitra Kiritsi
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Hainzl
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Eva M Murauer
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - M Peter Marinkovich
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Dermatology, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | | | - Ingrid Hausser
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena Wally
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tita Ritsema
- ProQR Therapeutics N.V., Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Koller
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Alexander Nyström
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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22
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Darling NJ, Mobbs CL, González-Hau AL, Freer M, Przyborski S. Bioengineering Novel in vitro Co-culture Models That Represent the Human Intestinal Mucosa With Improved Caco-2 Structure and Barrier Function. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:992. [PMID: 32984279 PMCID: PMC7487342 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Caco-2 monolayer is the most widely used in vitro model of the human intestinal mucosa to study absorption. However, models lack communication from other cells present in the native intestine, such as signals from fibroblasts in the lamina propria. In this study, we have investigated the effects of fibroblasts upon the Caco-2 epithelium through two mechanisms: indirect signaling from fibroblasts and direct contact with fibroblasts. Culture of Caco-2 cells with paracrine signals from fibroblasts, through the use of conditioned media, did not induce a significant change in epithelial cell morphology or function. To examine the effects of direct contact between the epithelium and fibroblasts, we developed novel, humanized three-dimensional (3D) co-culture models whereby Caco-2 cells are grown on the surface of a subepithelial-like tissue construct containing intestinal or dermal fibroblasts. In our models, we observed endogenous extracellular matrix production from the fibroblasts that provides support to the above epithelium. The Caco-2 epithelium displayed morphological changes in 3D co-culture including enhanced polarization and the formation of a basement membrane-like attachment to the underlying stromal compartment. An important structural alteration was the significantly straightened lateral membrane that closely mimics the structure of the in vivo intestinal mucosa. This enhanced lateral membrane phenotype, in correlation with an reduction in TEER to levels more similar to the human intestine, is thought to be responsible for the increased paracellular permeability observed in 3D co-cultures. Our results demonstrate that direct contact between epithelial and mesenchymal cells results in an enhanced epithelial barrier. The in vitro models described herein have the potential to be used for studying intestinal epithelial-fibroblast interactions and could provide more accurate tools for drug permeability studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole J Darling
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Claire L Mobbs
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom.,Reprocell Europe Ltd, Sedgefield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Matthew Freer
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Przyborski
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom.,Reprocell Europe Ltd, Sedgefield, United Kingdom
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23
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Nishiyama K, Akagi T, Iwai S, Akashi M. Construction of Vascularized Oral Mucosa Equivalents Using a Layer-by-Layer Cell Coating Technology. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2020; 25:262-275. [PMID: 30838934 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2018.0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There have been many advances in tissue engineering with respect to in vitro and in vivo models of oral mucosa equivalents (OMEs). To apply in vitro reconstructed oral mucosa models to regenerative medicine and alternatives to animal testing, it is necessary to develop the technology of reconstructing different types of oral tissues, such as control of epithelial differentiation and introduction of appendages. We previously reported that functional three-dimensional (3D) tissue models could be quickly constructed by using a layer-by-layer (LbL) cell coating technique that assembles extracellular matrix (ECM) nanofilms to a cell surface. In this study, 3D human OMEs composed of lamina-propria, keratinized or non-keratinized epithelium, and blood capillaries were constructed by using the LbL cell coating technology. Human oral mucosal fibroblasts (HOMFs) were coated with ECM nanofilms and accumulated for the construction of oral mucosal lamina-propria. To construct OMEs with keratinized or non-keratinized epithelium, human oral keratinocytes isolated from gingiva (human oral gingival keratinocytes: HOGKs) or human oral keratinocytes isolated from oral mucosa (human oral mucosal keratinocytes: HOMKs) were used in this study. We further studied the construction of epithelialized OMEs with density- and size-controlled blood capillary networks by using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). It was revealed that these constructions had barrier functions in accordance with their histological characterization. The OMEs with keratinization (K-OMEs) showed higher transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) values compared with OMEs with non-keratinization (N-OMEs). The constructed epithelialized OMEs with blood capillaries are useful for in vitro/ex vivo research models and regenerative medicine as in oral tissue regeneration. The results suggest that OMEs with oral tissue appendages are more promising alternatives to animal testing and can be applied to the design of in vitro oral models that mimic human tissue organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Nishiyama
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery II, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takami Akagi
- 2 Building Block Science Joint Research Chair, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Soichi Iwai
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery II, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Akashi
- 2 Building Block Science Joint Research Chair, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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24
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Chang YC, Wang JD, Chang HY, Zhou P, Hahn RA, Gordon MK, Laskin JD, Gerecke DR. Expression of Laminin γ2 Proteolytic Fragments in Murine Skin Following Exposure to Sulfur Mustard. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 303:1642-1652. [PMID: 32421930 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Laminin-332 is a basement membrane protein composed of three genetically distinct polypeptide chains that actively promote both skin epidermal cell adhesion and migration. Proteolytic fragments of the laminin γ2 chain stimulate migration and scattering of keratinocytes and cancer cells. Sulfur mustard (SM) is a bifunctional alkylating agent that induces separation of basal keratinocytes from the dermal-epidermal junction and invokes a strong inflammatory response leading to delayed wound repair. In the present studies, the role of laminin γ2 in SM-induced skin injury and wound repair was investigated using the mouse ear vesicant model. We found that laminin γ2 chain mRNA was preferentially upregulated in mouse ear skin exposed to SM. In situ hybridization confirmed overexpression of laminin γ2 transcript. Western blot analysis showed increased protein expression of the full-length proform of laminin γ2 and smaller processed fragments of laminin γ2 in skin exposed to SM. Dual immunofluorescence labeling indicated that laminin γ2 fragments are prevalent in suprabasal keratinocytes behind the leading edge in areas of hyperplasia in injured skin. In addition, co-expression of laminin γ2 and the senescent marker, p16-INK4a was found to overlap with the hyperplastic migratory epithelial sheet. This observation is similar to hypermotile keratinocytes reported in invasive carcinoma cells. Overall, our studies indicate that laminin γ2 is preferentially expressed in skin post SM exposure and that protein expression appears to become progressively more fragmented. The laminin γ2 fragments may play a role in regulating SM-induced skin wound repair. Anat Rec, 2020. © 2020 American Association for Anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoke-Chen Chang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - James D Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Hui-Ying Chang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Peihong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Rita A Hahn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Marion K Gordon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Laskin
- Environmental and Occupational Health, Rutgers University School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Donald R Gerecke
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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25
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De Rosa L, Latella MC, Secone Seconetti A, Cattelani C, Bauer JW, Bondanza S, De Luca M. Toward Combined Cell and Gene Therapy for Genodermatoses. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:a035667. [PMID: 31653644 PMCID: PMC7197428 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a035667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To date, more than 200 monogenic, often devastating, skin diseases have been described. Because of unmet medical needs, development of long-lasting and curative therapies has been consistently attempted, with the aim of correcting the underlying molecular defect. In this review, we will specifically address the few combined cell and gene therapy strategies that made it to the clinics. Based on these studies, what can be envisioned for the future is a patient-oriented strategy, built on the specific features of the individual in need. Most likely, a combination of different strategies, approaches, and advanced therapies will be required to reach the finish line at the end of the long and winding road hampering the achievement of definitive treatments for genodermatoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura De Rosa
- Holostem Terapie Avanzate S.r.l., Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Latella
- Holostem Terapie Avanzate S.r.l., Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Alessia Secone Seconetti
- Holostem Terapie Avanzate S.r.l., Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Cecilia Cattelani
- Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Johann W Bauer
- EB House Austria and Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sergio Bondanza
- Holostem Terapie Avanzate S.r.l., Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Michele De Luca
- Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
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Abstract
Knowledge of how the joint functions as an integrated unit in health and disease requires an understanding of the stromal cells populating the joint mesenchyme, including fibroblasts, tissue-resident macrophages and endothelial cells. Knowledge of the physiological and pathological mechanisms that involve joint mesenchymal stromal cells has begun to cast new light on why joint inflammation persists. The shared embryological origins of fibroblasts and endothelial cells might shape the behaviour of these cell types in diseased adult tissues. Cells of mesenchymal origin sustain inflammation in the synovial membrane and tendons by various mechanisms, and the important contribution of newly discovered fibroblast subtypes and their associated crosstalk with endothelial cells, tissue-resident macrophages and leukocytes is beginning to emerge. Knowledge of these mechanisms should help to shape the future therapeutic landscape and emphasizes the requirement for new strategies to address the pathogenic stroma and associated crosstalk between leukocytes and cells of mesenchymal origin.
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27
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Marinkovich MP, Tang JY. Gene Therapy for Epidermolysis Bullosa. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:1221-1226. [PMID: 31068252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa is a family of diseases characterized by blistering and fragility of the skin in response to mechanical trauma. Advances in our understanding of epidermolysis bullosa pathophysiology have provided the necessary foundation for the first clinical trials of gene therapy for junctional and dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. These therapies show that gene therapy is both safe and effective, with the potential to correct the molecular and clinical phenotype of patients with epidermolysis bullosa. Improvements in gene delivery and in preventing immune reactions will be among the challenges that lie ahead during further therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Peter Marinkovich
- Department of Dermatology, Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Dermatology, Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA.
| | - Jean Y Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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28
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Saikia P, Thangavadivel S, Medeiros CS, Lassance L, de Oliveira RC, Wilson SE. IL-1 and TGF-β Modulation of Epithelial Basement Membrane Components Perlecan and Nidogen Production by Corneal Stromal Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:5589-5598. [PMID: 30480706 PMCID: PMC6262649 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine whether (1) the in vitro expression of epithelial basement membrane components nidogen-1, nidogen-2, and perlecan by keratocytes, corneal fibroblasts, and myofibroblasts is modulated by cytokines/growth factors, and (2) perlecan protein is produced by stromal cells after photorefractive keratectomy. Methods Marker-verified rabbit keratocytes, corneal fibroblasts, myofibroblasts were stimulated with TGF-β1, IL-1α, IL-1β, TGF-β3, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA, or PDGF-AB. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect expression of nidogen-1, nidogen-2, and perlecan mRNAs. Western blotting evaluated changes in protein expression. Immunohistochemistry was performed on rabbit corneas for perlecan, alpha-smooth muscle actin, keratocan, vimentin, and CD45 at time points from 1 day to 1 month after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). Results IL-1α or -1β significantly upregulated perlecan mRNA expression in keratocytes. TGF-β1 or -β3 markedly downregulated nidogen-1 or -2 mRNA expression in keratocytes. None of these cytokines had significant effects on nidogen-1, -2, or perlecan mRNA expression in corneal fibroblasts or myofibroblasts. IL-1α significantly upregulated, while TGF-β1 significantly downregulated, perlecan protein expression in keratocytes. Perlecan protein expression was upregulated in anterior stromal cells at 1 and 2 days after −4.5 or −9 diopters (D) PRK, but the subepithelial localization of perlecan became disrupted at 7 days and later time points in −9-D PRK corneas when myofibroblasts populated the anterior stroma. Conclusions IL-1 and TGF-β1 have opposing effects on perlecan and nidogen expression by keratocytes in vitro. Proximate participation of keratocytes is likely needed to regenerate normal epithelial basement membrane after corneal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carla S Medeiros
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Luciana Lassance
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | | | - Steven E Wilson
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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29
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Quantitative proteomic profiling of extracellular matrix and site-specific collagen post-translational modifications in an in vitro model of lung fibrosis. Matrix Biol Plus 2019; 1:100005. [PMID: 33543004 PMCID: PMC7852317 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung fibrosis is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), in particular collagens, by fibroblasts in the interstitium. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) alters the expression of many extracellular matrix (ECM) components produced by fibroblasts, but such changes in ECM composition as well as modulation of collagen post-translational modification (PTM) levels have not been comprehensively investigated. Here, we performed mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics analyses to assess changes in the ECM deposited by cultured lung fibroblasts from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients upon stimulation with transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). In addition to the ECM changes commonly associated with lung fibrosis, MS-based label-free quantification revealed profound effects on enzymes involved in ECM crosslinking and turnover as well as multiple positive and negative feedback mechanisms of TGF-β1 signaling. Notably, the ECM changes observed in this in vitro model correlated significantly with ECM changes observed in patient samples. Because collagens are subject to multiple PTMs with major implications in disease, we implemented a new bioinformatic platform to analyze MS data that allows for the comprehensive mapping and site-specific quantitation of collagen PTMs in crude ECM preparations. These analyses yielded a comprehensive map of prolyl and lysyl hydroxylations as well as lysyl glycosylations for 15 collagen chains. In addition, site-specific PTM analysis revealed novel sites of prolyl-3-hydroxylation and lysyl glycosylation in type I collagen. Interestingly, the results show, for the first time, that TGF-β1 can modulate prolyl-3-hydroxylation and glycosylation in a site-specific manner. Taken together, this proof of concept study not only reveals unanticipated TGF-β1 mediated regulation of collagen PTMs and other ECM components but also lays the foundation for dissecting their key roles in health and disease. The proteomic data has been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the MassIVE partner repository with the data set identifier MSV000082958. Quantitative proteomics of TGF-β-induced changes in ECM composition and collagen PTM in pulmonary fibroblasts TGF-β promotes crosslinking and turnover as well as complex feedback mechanisms that alter fibroblast ECM homeostasis. A novel bioinformatic workflow for MS data analysis enabled global mapping and quantitation of known and novel collagen PTMs Quantitative assessment of prolyl-3-hydroxylation site occupancy and lysine-O-glycosylation microheterogeneity TGF-β1 modulates collagen PTMs in a site-specific manner that may favor collagen accumulation in lung fibrosis
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Key Words
- 3-HyP, 3-hydroxyproline
- 4-HyP, 4-hydroxyproline
- AGC, automatic gain control
- ANXA11, annexin A11
- BGN, biglycan
- COL1A1, collagen-I alpha 1 chain
- Collagen
- Collagen post-translational modifications
- DCN, decorin
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- Extracellular matrix
- FN1, fibronectin 1
- G-HyK, galactosylhydroxylysine
- GG-HyK, glucosylgalactosylhydroxylysine
- HyK, hydroxylysine
- HyP, hydroxyproline
- ILD, interstitial lung disease
- IPF, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- LH, lysyl hydroxylase
- LOX(L), lysyl oxidase(-like)
- LTBP2, latent-transforming growth factor β -binding protein 2
- Lysyl glycosylation
- Lysyl hydroxylation
- P3H, prolyl-3-hydroxylase
- P4H, prolyl-4-hydroxylase
- PAI1, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1
- PCA, principal component analysis
- PLOD (LH), procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenases (lysyl hydroxylases)
- PTM, post-translational modification
- Prolyl hydroxylation
- Pulmonary fibrosis
- SEMA7A, semaphorin 7a
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor β
- TGM2, transglutaminase 1
- Transforming growth factor-β
- VCAN, versican
- Xaa, Xaa position in the Gly-Xaa-Yaa repeat in triple-helical collagen
- Yaa, Yaa position in the Gly-Xaa-Yaa repeat in triple-helical collagen
- α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin
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30
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Basement membranes in the cornea and other organs that commonly develop fibrosis. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 374:439-453. [PMID: 30284084 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2934-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Basement membranes are thin connective tissue structures composed of organ-specific assemblages of collagens, laminins, proteoglycan-like perlecan, nidogens, and other components. Traditionally, basement membranes are thought of as structures which primarily function to anchor epithelial, endothelial, or parenchymal cells to underlying connective tissues. While this role is important, other functions such as the modulation of growth factors and cytokines that regulate cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and fibrosis are equally important. An example of this is the critical role of both the epithelial basement membrane and Descemet's basement membrane in the cornea in modulating myofibroblast development and fibrosis, as well as myofibroblast apoptosis and the resolution of fibrosis. This article compares the ultrastructure and functions of key basement membranes in several organs to illustrate the variability and importance of these structures in organs that commonly develop fibrosis.
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31
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Medeiros CS, Marino GK, Santhiago MR, Wilson SE. The Corneal Basement Membranes and Stromal Fibrosis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018; 59:4044-4053. [PMID: 30098200 PMCID: PMC6088801 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this review was to provide detailed insights into the pathophysiology of myofibroblast-mediated fibrosis (scarring or late haze) after corneal injury, surgery, or infection. Method Literature review. Results The epithelium and epithelial basement membrane (EBM) and/or endothelium and Descemet's basement membrane (BM) are commonly disrupted after corneal injuries, surgeries, and infections. Regeneration of these critical regulatory structures relies on the coordinated production of BM components, including laminins, nidogens, perlecan, and collagen type IV by epithelial, endothelial, and keratocyte cells. Whether a cornea, or an area in the cornea, heals with transparency or fibrosis may be determined by whether there is injury to one or both corneal basement membranes (EBM and/or Descemet's BM) and delayed or defective regeneration or replacement of the BM. These opaque myofibroblasts, and the disordered extracellular matrix these cells produce, persist in the stroma until the EBM and/or Descemet's BM is regenerated or replaced. Conclusions Corneal stromal fibrosis (also termed "stromal scarring" or "late haze") occurs as a consequence of BM injury and defective regeneration in both the anterior (EBM) and posterior (Descemet's BM) cornea. The resolution of fibrosis and return of stromal transparency depends on reestablished BM structure and function. It is hypothesized that defective regeneration of the EBM or Descemet's BM allows key profibrotic growth factors, including transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) and TGF-β2, to penetrate the stroma at sustained levels necessary to drive the development and maintenance of mature opacity-producing myofibroblasts from myofibroblast precursors cells, and studies suggest that perlecan and collagen type IV are the critical components in EBM and Descemet's BM that bind TGF-β1, TGF-β2, platelet-derived growth factor, and possibly other growth factors, and regulate their bioavailability and function during homeostasis and corneal wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla S. Medeiros
- The Cole Eye Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology at University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo K. Marino
- The Cole Eye Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology at University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcony R. Santhiago
- Department of Ophthalmology at University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Ophthalmology at Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Steven E. Wilson
- The Cole Eye Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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32
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Chermnykh E, Kalabusheva E, Vorotelyak E. Extracellular Matrix as a Regulator of Epidermal Stem Cell Fate. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041003. [PMID: 29584689 PMCID: PMC5979429 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal stem cells reside within the specific anatomic location, called niche, which is a microenvironment that interacts with stem cells to regulate their fate. Regulation of many important processes, including maintenance of stem cell quiescence, self-renewal, and homeostasis, as well as the regulation of division and differentiation, are common functions of the stem cell niche. As it was shown in multiple studies, extracellular matrix (ECM) contributes a lot to stem cell niches in various tissues, including that of skin. In epidermis, ECM is represented, primarily, by a highly specialized ECM structure, basement membrane (BM), which separates the epidermal and dermal compartments. Epidermal stem cells contact with BM, but when they lose the contact and migrate to the overlying layers, they undergo terminal differentiation. When considering all of these factors, ECM is of fundamental importance in regulating epidermal stem cells maintenance, proper mobilization, and differentiation. Here, we summarize the remarkable progress that has recently been made in the research of ECM role in regulating epidermal stem cell fate, paying special attention to the hair follicle stem cell niche. We show that the destruction of ECM components impairs epidermal stem cell morphogenesis and homeostasis. A deep understanding of ECM molecular structure as well as the development of in vitro system for stem cell maintaining by ECM proteins may bring us to developing new approaches for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Chermnykh
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia.
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Ekaterina Kalabusheva
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia.
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Ekaterina Vorotelyak
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia.
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia.
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Abdallah MN, Badran Z, Ciobanu O, Hamdan N, Tamimi F. Strategies for Optimizing the Soft Tissue Seal around Osseointegrated Implants. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28960892 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Percutaneous and permucosal devices such as catheters, infusion pumps, orthopedic, and dental implants are commonly used in medical treatments. However, these useful devices breach the soft tissue barrier that protects the body from the outer environment, and thus increase bacterial infections resulting in morbidity and mortality. Such associated infections can be prevented if these devices are effectively integrated with the surrounding soft tissue, and thus creating a strong seal from the surrounding environment. However, so far, there are no percutaneous/permucosal medical devices able to prevent infection by achieving strong integration at the soft tissue-device interface. This review gives an insight into the current status of research into soft tissue-implant interface and the challenges associated with these interfaces. Biological soft/hard tissue interfaces may provide insights toward engineering better soft tissue interfaces around percutaneous devices. In this review, focus is put on the history and current findings as well as recent progress of the strategies aiming to develop a strong soft tissue seal around osseointegrated implants, such as orthopedic and dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed-Nur Abdallah
- Division of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry; McGill University; Montreal H3A 1G1 QC Canada
- Division of Orthodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; Toronto University; Toronto M5G 1G6 ON Canada
| | - Zahi Badran
- Division of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry; McGill University; Montreal H3A 1G1 QC Canada
- Department of Periodontology (CHU/Rmes Inserm U1229/UIC11); Faculty of Dental Surgery; University of Nantes; Nantes 44042 France
| | - Ovidiu Ciobanu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry; McGill University; Montreal H3A 1G1 QC Canada
| | - Nader Hamdan
- Department of Dental Clinical Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry; Dalhousie University; Halifax B3H 4R2 NS Canada
| | - Faleh Tamimi
- Division of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry; McGill University; Montreal H3A 1G1 QC Canada
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34
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Haridas P, McGovern JA, McElwain SD, Simpson MJ. Quantitative comparison of the spreading and invasion of radial growth phase and metastatic melanoma cells in a three-dimensional human skin equivalent model. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3754. [PMID: 28890854 PMCID: PMC5590551 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Standard two-dimensional (2D) cell migration assays do not provide information about vertical invasion processes, which are critical for melanoma progression. We provide information about three-dimensional (3D) melanoma cell migration, proliferation and invasion in a 3D melanoma skin equivalent (MSE) model. In particular, we pay careful attention to compare the structure of the tissues in the MSE with similarly-prepared 3D human skin equivalent (HSE) models. The HSE model is identically prepared to the MSE model except that melanoma cells are omitted. Using the MSE model, we examine melanoma migration, proliferation and invasion from two different human melanoma cell lines. One cell line, WM35, is associated with the early phase of the disease where spreading is thought to be confined to the epidermis. The other cell line, SK-MEL-28, is associated with the later phase of the disease where spreading into the dermis is expected. METHODS 3D MSE and HSE models are constructed using human de-epidermised dermis (DED) prepared from skin tissue. Primary fibroblasts and primary keratinocytes are used in the MSE and HSE models to ensure the formation of a stratified epidermis, with a well-defined basement membrane. Radial spreading of cells across the surface of the HSE and MSE models is observed. Vertical invasion of melanoma cells downward through the skin is observed and measured using immunohistochemistry. All measurements of invasion are made at day 0, 9, 15 and 20, providing detailed time course data. RESULTS Both HSE and MSE models are similar to native skin in vivo, with a well-defined stratification of the epidermis that is separated from the dermis by a basement membrane. In the HSE and MSE we find fibroblast cells confined to the dermis, and differentiated keratinocytes in the epidermis. In the MSE, melanoma cells form colonies in the epidermis during the early part of the experiment. In the later stage of the experiment, the melanoma cells in the MSE invade deeper into the tissues. Interestingly, both the WM35 and SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells lead to a breakdown of the basement membrane and eventually enter the dermis. However, these two cell lines invade at different rates, with the SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells invading faster than the WM35 cells. DISCUSSION The MSE and HSE models are a reliable platform for studying melanoma invasion in a 3D tissue that is similar to native human skin. Interestingly, we find that the WM35 cell line, that is thought to be associated with radial spreading only, is able to invade into the dermis. The vertical invasion of melanoma cells into the dermal region appears to be associated with a localised disruption of the basement membrane. Presenting our results in terms of time course data, along with images and quantitative measurements of the depth of invasion extends previous 3D work that has often been reported without these details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvathi Haridas
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jacqui A. McGovern
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sean D.L. McElwain
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Simpson
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Michler JK, Hillmann A, Savkovic V, Mülling CKW. Horse hair follicles: A novel dermal stem cell source for equine regenerative medicine. Cytometry A 2017; 93:104-114. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jule K. Michler
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Aline Hillmann
- Saxon Incubator for Clinical Translation; Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Vuk Savkovic
- Saxon Incubator for Clinical Translation; Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph K. W. Mülling
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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Wilson SE, Marino GK, Torricelli AAM, Medeiros CS. Injury and defective regeneration of the epithelial basement membrane in corneal fibrosis: A paradigm for fibrosis in other organs? Matrix Biol 2017. [PMID: 28625845 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Myofibroblast-mediated fibrosis is important in the pathophysiology of diseases in most organs. The cornea, the transparent anterior wall of the eye that functions to focus light on the retina, is commonly affected by fibrosis and provides an optimal model due to its simplicity and accessibility. Severe injuries to the cornea, including infection, surgery, and trauma, may trigger the development of myofibroblasts and fibrosis in the normally transparent connective tissue stroma. Ultrastructural studies have demonstrated that defective epithelial basement membrane (EBM) regeneration after injury underlies the development of myofibroblasts from both bone marrow- and keratocyte-derived precursor cells in the cornea. Defective EBM permits epithelium-derived transforming growth factor beta, platelet-derived growth factor, and likely other modulators, to penetrate the stroma at sustained levels necessary to drive the development of vimentin+ alpha-smooth muscle actin+ desmin+ (V+A+D+) mature myofibroblasts and promote their persistence. Defective versus normal EBM regeneration likely relates to the severity of the stromal injury and a resulting decrease in fibroblasts (keratocytes) and their contribution of EBM components, including laminin alpha-3 and nidogen-2. Corneal fibrosis may resolve over a period of months to years if the inciting injury is eliminated through keratocyte-facilitated regeneration of normal EBM, ensuing apoptosis of myofibroblasts, and reorganization of disordered extracellular matrix by repopulating keratocytes. We hypothesize the corneal model of fibrosis associated with defective BM regeneration and myofibroblast development after epithelial or parenchymal injury may be a paradigm for the development of fibrosis in other organs where chronic injury or defective BM underlies the pathophysiology of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Wilson
- The Cole Eye Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States.
| | | | | | - Carla S Medeiros
- The Cole Eye Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Lee J, Lee P, Wu X. Molecular and cytoskeletal regulations in epidermal development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 69:18-25. [PMID: 28577925 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
At the surface of the body, the epidermis covers great depth in its developmental regulation. While many genes have been shown to be important for skin development through their associations with disease phenotypes in mice and human, it is in the past decade that the intricate interplay between various molecules become gradually revealed through sophisticated genetic models and imaging analyses. In particular, there is increasing evidence suggesting that cytoskeleton-associated proteins, including adhesion proteins and the crosslinker proteins may play critical roles in regulating epidermis development. We here provide a broad overview of the various molecules involved in epidermal development with special emphasis on the cytoskeletal components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Lee
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Philbert Lee
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Wu
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Castellanos G, Bernabé-García Á, Moraleda JM, Nicolás FJ. Amniotic membrane application for the healing of chronic wounds and ulcers. Placenta 2017; 59:146-153. [PMID: 28413063 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing usually follows a predictable sequence and prognosis of events. Its evolutionary process is the result of a complicated interaction between patient-related factors, the wound, the treatment used and the skills and knowledge of the professionals who treat them. Only through a meticulous initial assessment of the wound is it possible to identify the factors that contribute to its complexity. The challenge for professionals will be to implement efficient therapies at the right time and in the most cost-efficient way in order to reduce associated problems, treat the symptoms and expectations of the patients and achieve adequate wound healing whenever possible. This is particularly evident in big chronic wounds with considerable tissue loss, which become senescent in the process of inflammation or proliferation losing the ability to epithelialize. Generally, chronic wounds do not respond to current treatments, therefore they need special interventions. AM is a tissue of particular interest as a biological dressing and it has well-documented reepithelialization effects which are in part related to its capacity to synthesize and release biological active factors. Our studies have demonstrated that amniotic membrane (AM) is able to induce epithelialization in chronic wounds that were unable to epithelialize. AM induces several signaling pathways that are involved in cell migration and/or proliferation. Additionally, AM is able to selectively antagonize the anti-proliferative effect of transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-β) by modifying the genetic program that TGF-β induces on keratinocytes. The combined effect of AM on keratinocytes, promoting cell proliferation/migration and antagonizing the effect of TGF-β is the perfect combination, allowing chronic wounds to move out of their non-healing state and progress into epithelialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Castellanos
- Surgery Service, Virgen de La Arrixaca University Clinical Hospital, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ángel Bernabé-García
- Molecular Oncology and TGF-ß, Research Unit, Virgen de La Arrixaca University Hospital, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - José M Moraleda
- Cell Therapy Unit, Virgen de La Arrixaca University Clinical Hospital, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco J Nicolás
- Molecular Oncology and TGF-ß, Research Unit, Virgen de La Arrixaca University Hospital, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.
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Pathological changes in basement membranes and dermal connective tissue of skin from patients with hereditary cystatin C amyloid angiopathy. J Transl Med 2017; 97:383-394. [PMID: 28067897 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary cystatin C amyloid angiopathy (HCCAA) is a genetic disease caused by a mutation in the cystatin C gene. Cystatin C is abundant in cerebrospinal fluid and the most prominent pathology in HCCAA is cerebral amyloid angiopathy due to mutant cystatin C amyloid deposition with associated cerebral hemorrhages, typically in young adult carriers. Analyses of post-mortem brain samples shows that pathological changes are limited to arteries and regions adjacent to arteries. The severity of pathological changes at post-mortem has precluded the elucidation of the evolution of histological changes. Mutant cystatin C deposition in carriers is systemic and has, for example, been described in the skin, suggesting similar pathological mechanisms both in the brain and outside of the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to use skin biopsies from asymptomatic and symptomatic carriers to study intermediate events in HCCAA pathogenesis. We found that cystatin C deposition in minimally affected samples was limited to the basement membrane (BM) between the dermis and epidermis. When the deposits were more advanced, they extended to other BM regions in the skin. Our results showed that the immunoreactivity of the BM protein COLIV was increased to a similar extent in all carrier biopsies and cystatin C deposits were in close association with COLIV. The density of fibroblasts in the upper dermis of carrier skin was increased, whereas the distribution of other cell types examined did not differ compared with control biopsies. COLIV and cystatin C immunoreactivity in carrier biopsies was closely associated with the fibroblasts. The results of this study, in conjunction with our previous results regarding pathological BM changes in leptomeningeal arteries of patients, suggest that BM changes are early and important events in HCCAA pathogenesis that could facilitate cystatin C deposition and aggregation.
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Brauchle E, Bauer H, Fernes P, Zuk A, Schenke-Layland K, Sengle G. Raman microspectroscopy as a diagnostic tool for the non-invasive analysis of fibrillin-1 deficiency in the skin and in the in vitro skin models. Acta Biomater 2017; 52:41-48. [PMID: 27956365 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Fibrillin microfibrils and elastic fibers are critical determinants of elastic tissues where they define as tissue-specific architectures vital mechanical properties such as pliability and elastic recoil. Fibrillin microfibrils also facilitate elastic fiber formation and support the association of epithelial cells with the interstitial matrix. Mutations in fibrillin-1 (FBN1) are causative for the Marfan syndrome, a congenital multisystem disorder characterized by progressive deterioration of the fibrillin microfibril/ elastic fiber architecture in the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, ocular, and dermal system. In this study, we utilized Raman microspectroscopy in combination with principal component analysis (PCA) to analyze the molecular consequences of fibrillin-1 deficiency in skin of a mouse model (GT8) of Marfan syndrome. In addition, full-thickness skin models incorporating murine wild-type and Fbn1GT8/GT8 fibroblasts as well as human HaCaT keratinocytes were generated and analyzed. Skin models containing GT8 fibroblasts showed an altered epidermal morphology when compared to wild-type models indicating a new role for fibrillin-1 in dermal-epidermal crosstalk. Obtained Raman spectra together with PCA allowed to discriminate between healthy and deficient microfibrillar networks in murine dermis and skin models. Interestingly, results obtained from GT8 dermis and skin models showed similar alterations in molecular signatures triggered by fibrillin-1 deficiency such as amide III vibrations and decreased levels of glycan vibrations. Overall, this study indicates that Raman microspectroscopy has the potential to analyze subtle changes in fibrillin-1 microfibrils and elastic fiber networks. Therefore Raman microspectroscopy may be utilized as a non-invasive and sensitive diagnostic tool to identify connective tissue disorders and monitor their disease progression. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Mutations in building blocks of the fibrillin microfibril/ elastic fiber network manifest in disease conditions such as aneurysms, emphysema or lax skin. Understanding how structural changes induced by fibrillin-1 mutation impact the architecture of fibrillin microfibrils, which then translates into an altered activation state of targeted growth factors, represents a huge challenge in elucidating the genotype-phenotype correlations in connective tissue disorders such as Marfan syndrome. This study shows that Raman microspectroscopy is able to reveal structural changes in fibrillin-1 microfibrils and elastic fiber networks and to discriminate between normal and diseased networks in vivo and in vitro. Therefore Raman microspectroscopy may be utilized as a non-invasive and sensitive diagnostic tool to identify connective tissue disorders and monitor their disease progression.
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Tsunenaga M. Heparanase Inhibitors Facilitate the Assembly of the Basement Membrane in Artificial Skin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 5:113-122. [PMID: 27853671 PMCID: PMC5070419 DOI: 10.2174/2211542005666160725154356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent research suggests that the basement membrane at the dermal-epidermal junction of the skin plays an important role in maintaining a healthy epidermis and dermis, and repeated damage to the skin can destabilize the skin and accelerate the aging process. Skin-equivalent models are suitable for studying the reconstruction of the basement membrane and its contribution to epidermal homeostasis because they lack the basement membrane and show abnormal expression of epidermal differentiation markers. By using these models, it has been shown that reconstruction of the basement membrane is enhanced not only by supplying basement membrane components, but also by inhibiting proteinases such as urokinase and matrix metalloproteinase. Although matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors assist in the reconstruction of the basement membrane structure, their action is not sufficient to promote its functional recovery. However, heparanase inhibitors stabilize the heparan sulfate chains of perlecan (a heparan sulfate proteoglycan) and promote the regulation of heparan sulfate binding growth factors in the basement membrane. Heparan sulfate promotes effective protein-protein interactions, thereby facilitating the assembly of type VII collagen anchoring fibrils and elastin-associated microfibrils. Using both matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors and heparanase inhibitors, the basement membrane in a skin-equivalent model comes close to recapitulating the structure and function of an in vivo basement membrane. Therefore, by using an appropriate dermis model and suitable protease inhibitors, it may be possible to produce skin-equivalent models that are more similar to natural skin
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Tsunenaga
- Shiseido Research Center, 2-2-1 Hayabuchi, Tsuzuki-ku, Yokohama 224-8558, Japan
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Nilsen TJ, Dasgupta A, Huang YC, Wilson H, Chnari E. Do Processing Methods Make a Difference in Acellular Dermal Matrix Properties? Aesthet Surg J 2016; 36:S7-S22. [PMID: 27697888 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjw163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) has become the standard of practice in many reconstructive and aesthetic surgical applications. Different methods used to prepare the allograft tissue for surgical use can alter the ADMs natural properties. Aseptic processing has been shown to retain the natural properties of ADMs more favorably than terminally sterilized ADMs. Terminal sterilization has been historically linked to alteration of biological materials. In vitro work was conducted to compare ADM processing methods. OBJECTIVES Characterize aseptically processed ADMs and compare cell-matrix interaction characteristics to terminally sterilized ADMs. METHODS Two aseptically processed ADMs, FlexHD Pliable and BellaDerm, were characterized via histological evaluation, biomechanical integrity, enzymatic degradation, and in vitro cell studies. FlexHD Pliable was compared to Alloderm Ready-to-Use (RTU). RESULTS Histological evaluation revealed that FlexHD Pliable had a uniform, open structure compared to BellaDerm. Mechanical characterization demonstrated that BellaDerm had higher strength and stiffness compared to FlexHD Pliable, which maintained higher elasticity. Immunohistochemical analysis verified that key matrix proteins remained intact after aseptic processing. Cell studies found that fibroblasts attached more readily, and proliferated faster on FlexHD Pliable compared to BellaDerm. Additionally, fibroblasts infiltrated into FlexHD Pliable from both sides and on the dermal side in BellaDerm and produced an abundance of multi-layered matrix proteins (collagen, fibronectin) when compared to AlloDerm RTU which was sparse. CONCLUSIONS Aseptically processed FlexHD Pliable and BellaDerm provide a suitable, biocompatible option for tissue repair and regeneration in aesthetic and reconstructive surgical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd J Nilsen
- Mr Nilsen is a Senior Engineer, Dr Dasgupta is a Senior Scientist, and Dr Chnari is an Associate Director, Research and Development, Wound Care, and General and Plastic Surgery; and Dr Huang is a Staff Scientist, Research and Development and Allograft Materials Research, Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation, Edison, NJ. Dr Wilson is a Clinical Assistant Professor of Plastic Surgery, Liberty University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lynchburg, VA
| | - Anouska Dasgupta
- Mr Nilsen is a Senior Engineer, Dr Dasgupta is a Senior Scientist, and Dr Chnari is an Associate Director, Research and Development, Wound Care, and General and Plastic Surgery; and Dr Huang is a Staff Scientist, Research and Development and Allograft Materials Research, Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation, Edison, NJ. Dr Wilson is a Clinical Assistant Professor of Plastic Surgery, Liberty University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lynchburg, VA
| | - Yen-Chen Huang
- Mr Nilsen is a Senior Engineer, Dr Dasgupta is a Senior Scientist, and Dr Chnari is an Associate Director, Research and Development, Wound Care, and General and Plastic Surgery; and Dr Huang is a Staff Scientist, Research and Development and Allograft Materials Research, Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation, Edison, NJ. Dr Wilson is a Clinical Assistant Professor of Plastic Surgery, Liberty University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lynchburg, VA
| | - Henry Wilson
- Mr Nilsen is a Senior Engineer, Dr Dasgupta is a Senior Scientist, and Dr Chnari is an Associate Director, Research and Development, Wound Care, and General and Plastic Surgery; and Dr Huang is a Staff Scientist, Research and Development and Allograft Materials Research, Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation, Edison, NJ. Dr Wilson is a Clinical Assistant Professor of Plastic Surgery, Liberty University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lynchburg, VA
| | - Evangelia Chnari
- Mr Nilsen is a Senior Engineer, Dr Dasgupta is a Senior Scientist, and Dr Chnari is an Associate Director, Research and Development, Wound Care, and General and Plastic Surgery; and Dr Huang is a Staff Scientist, Research and Development and Allograft Materials Research, Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation, Edison, NJ. Dr Wilson is a Clinical Assistant Professor of Plastic Surgery, Liberty University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lynchburg, VA
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Khiao In M, Wallmeyer L, Hedtrich S, Richardson KC, Plendl J, Kaessmeyer S. The effect of endothelialization on the epidermal differentiation in human three-dimensional skin constructs - A morphological study. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2016; 61:157-74. [PMID: 26519229 DOI: 10.3233/ch-151988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inducing vascularization in three-dimensional skin constructs continues to be difficult. In this study, two variations of human full-thickness skin constructs were examined. Type KCFB consists of keratinocytes (epidermal equivalent) and fibroblasts that were embedded in a collagen matrix (dermal equivalent). Type KCFB-EC consists of keratinocytes as well as fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells. The epidermal equivalent of KCFB-EC constructs underwent cellular alterations in their differentiation possibly induced by the presence of endothelial cells. The objective of the study was to assess the effect of endothelial cells, i.e., endothelialization of the dermal equivalent on the differentiation of keratinocytes by comparing the morphology and ultrastructure of the two types of skin constructs, as well as to excised normal human skin. HYPOTHESIS The differentiation of keratinocytes is influenced by the presence of endothelial cells. METHODS, PATIENTS, MATERIAL KCFB constructs (keratinocytes, fibroblasts) and KCFB-EC skin constructs(kera-tinocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells) were prepared according to Küchler et al. [25]. After two weeks, the skin constructs were processed for analysis by light microscopy (LM) and electron microscopy (TEM), followed by quantitative, semi-quantitative as well as qualitative assessment. For comparison, analysis by LM and TEM of excised normal human skin was also performed. RESULTS Both KCFB and KCFB-EC skin constructs and the human skin had all strata of stratified soft-cornified epidermis present. The comparison of the respective layers of the skin constructs brought the following characteristics to light: The KCFB-EC constructs had significantly more mitotic cells in the stratum spinosum, more cell layers in the stratum granulosum and more keratohyalin granules compared to KCFB skin constructs. Additionally, the epidermal architecture was unorganized in the endothelialized constructs and features of excessive epidermal differentiation appeared in KCFB-EC skin constructs. CONCLUSION The endothelialization of the dermal equivalent caused changes in the differentiation of the epidermis of KCFB-EC skin constructs that may be interpreted as an unbalanced, i.e., uncontrolled or enhanced maturation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khiao In
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - L Wallmeyer
- Institute for Pharmacy, Pharmacology & Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - S Hedtrich
- Institute for Pharmacy, Pharmacology & Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - K C Richardson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - J Plendl
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - S Kaessmeyer
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
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Coakley DN, Shaikh FM, O'Sullivan K, Kavanagh EG, Grace PA, McGloughlin TM. In vitro evaluation of acellular porcine urinary bladder extracellular matrix – A potential scaffold in tissue engineered skin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wndm.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Dermal Contributions to Human Interfollicular Epidermal Architecture and Self-Renewal. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:28098-107. [PMID: 26602926 PMCID: PMC4691026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The human interfollicular epidermis is renewed throughout life by populations of proliferating basal keratinocytes. Though interfollicular keratinocyte stem cells have been identified, it is not known how self-renewal in this compartment is spatially organized. At the epidermal-dermal junction, keratinocytes sit atop a heterogeneous mix of dermal cells that may regulate keratinocyte self-renewal by influencing local tissue architecture and signalling microenvironments. Focusing on the rete ridges and complementary dermal papillae in human skin, we review the identity and organisation of abundant dermal cells types and present evidence for interactions between the dermal microenvironment and the interfollicular keratinocytes.
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46
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Morgner J, Ghatak S, Jakobi T, Dieterich C, Aumailley M, Wickström SA. Integrin-linked kinase regulates the niche of quiescent epidermal stem cells. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8198. [PMID: 26349061 PMCID: PMC4569844 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells reside in specialized niches that are critical for their function. Quiescent hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are confined within the bulge niche, but how the molecular composition of the niche regulates stem cell behaviour is poorly understood. Here we show that integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a key regulator of the bulge extracellular matrix microenvironment, thereby governing the activation and maintenance of HFSCs. ILK mediates deposition of inverse laminin (LN)-332 and LN-511 gradients within the basement membrane (BM) wrapping the hair follicles. The precise BM composition tunes activities of Wnt and transforming growth factor-β pathways and subsequently regulates HFSC activation. Notably, reconstituting an optimal LN microenvironment restores the altered signalling in ILK-deficient cells. Aberrant stem cell activation in ILK-deficient epidermis leads to increased replicative stress, predisposing the tissue to carcinogenesis. Overall, our findings uncover a critical role for the BM niche in regulating stem cell activation and thereby skin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Morgner
- Paul Gerson Unna Group ‘Skin Homeostasis and Ageing', Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Sushmita Ghatak
- Paul Gerson Unna Group ‘Skin Homeostasis and Ageing', Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Tobias Jakobi
- Computational RNA Biology and Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Christoph Dieterich
- Computational RNA Biology and Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Monique Aumailley
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Sara A. Wickström
- Paul Gerson Unna Group ‘Skin Homeostasis and Ageing', Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne 50931, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
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Human adipose-derived stromal cells as a feeder layer to improve keratinocyte expansion for clinical applications. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13770-015-0007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Fibroblast heterogeneity and its implications for engineering organotypic skin models in vitro. Eur J Cell Biol 2015; 94:483-512. [PMID: 26344860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in cell culture methods, multidisciplinary research, clinical need to replace lost skin tissues and regulatory need to replace animal models with alternative test methods has led to development of three dimensional models of human skin. In general, these in vitro models of skin consist of keratinocytes cultured over fibroblast-populated dermal matrices. Accumulating evidences indicate that mesenchyme-derived signals are essential for epidermal morphogenesis, homeostasis and differentiation. Various studies show that fibroblasts isolated from different tissues in the body are dynamic in nature and are morphologically and functionally heterogeneous subpopulations. Further, these differences seem to be dictated by the local biological and physical microenvironment the fibroblasts reside resulting in "positional identity or memory". Furthermore, the heterogeneity among the fibroblasts play a critical role in scarless wound healing and complete restoration of native tissue architecture in fetus and oral mucosa; and excessive scar formation in diseased states like keloids and hypertrophic scars. In this review, we summarize current concepts about the heterogeneity among fibroblasts and their role in various wound healing environments. Further, we contemplate how the insights on fibroblast heterogeneity could be applied for the development of next generation organotypic skin models.
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Ali N, Hosseini M, Vainio S, Taïeb A, Cario‐André M, Rezvani H. Skin equivalents: skin from reconstructions as models to study skin development and diseases. Br J Dermatol 2015; 173:391-403. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Ali
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu Aapistie 5A 90220 Oulu Finland
- Inserm U 1035 33076 Bordeaux France
- Université de Bordeaux 146 rue Léo Saignat 33076 Bordeaux France
| | - M. Hosseini
- Inserm U 1035 33076 Bordeaux France
- Université de Bordeaux 146 rue Léo Saignat 33076 Bordeaux France
| | - S. Vainio
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu Aapistie 5A 90220 Oulu Finland
| | - A. Taïeb
- Inserm U 1035 33076 Bordeaux France
- Université de Bordeaux 146 rue Léo Saignat 33076 Bordeaux France
- Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Rares de la Peau Bordeaux France
- Département de Dermatologie & Dermatologie Pédiatrique CHU de Bordeaux Bordeaux France
| | - M. Cario‐André
- Inserm U 1035 33076 Bordeaux France
- Université de Bordeaux 146 rue Léo Saignat 33076 Bordeaux France
- Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Rares de la Peau Bordeaux France
| | - H.R. Rezvani
- Inserm U 1035 33076 Bordeaux France
- Université de Bordeaux 146 rue Léo Saignat 33076 Bordeaux France
- Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Rares de la Peau Bordeaux France
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Schlage P, Kockmann T, Kizhakkedathu JN, auf dem Keller U. Monitoring matrix metalloproteinase activity at the epidermal-dermal interface by SILAC-iTRAQ-TAILS. Proteomics 2015; 15:2491-502. [PMID: 25871442 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Secreted proteases act on interstitial tissue secretomes released from multiple cell types. Thus, substrate proteins might be part of higher molecular complexes constituted by many proteins with diverse and potentially unknown cellular origin. In cell culture, these may be reconstituted by mixing native secretomes from different cell types prior to incubation with a test protease. Although current degradomics techniques could identify novel substrate proteins in these complexes, all information on the cellular origin is lost. To address this limitation, we combined iTRAQ-based terminal amine isotopic labeling of substrates (iTRAQ-TAILS) with SILAC to assign proteins to a specific cell type by MS1- and their cleavage by MS2-based quantification in the same experiment. We demonstrate the power of our newly established workflow by monitoring matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 10 dependent cleavages in mixtures from light-labeled keratinocyte and heavy-labeled fibroblast secretomes. This analysis correctly assigned extracellular matrix components, such as laminins and collagens, to their respective cellular origins and revealed their processing in an MMP10-dependent manner. Hence, our newly devised degradomics workflow facilitates deeper insight into protease activity in complex intercellular compartments such as the epidermal-dermal interface by integrating multiple modes of quantification with positional proteomics. All MS data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD001643 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD001643).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Schlage
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kockmann
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jayachandran N Kizhakkedathu
- Centre for Blood Research and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ulrich auf dem Keller
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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