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Plavcová L, Jandová V, Altman J, Liancourt P, Korznikov K, Doležal J. Variations in wood anatomy in Afrotropical trees with a particular emphasis on radial and axial parenchyma. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2024; 134:151-162. [PMID: 38525918 PMCID: PMC11161563 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcae049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Understanding anatomical variations across plant phylogenies and environmental gradients is vital for comprehending plant evolution and adaptation. Previous studies on tropical woody plants have paid limited attention to quantitative differences in major xylem tissues, which serve specific roles in mechanical support (fibres), carbohydrate storage and radial conduction (radial parenchyma, rays), wood capacitance (axial parenchyma) and water transport (vessels). To address this gap, we investigate xylem fractions in 173 tropical tree species spanning 134 genera and 53 families along a 2200-m elevational gradient on Mount Cameroon, West Africa. METHODS We determined how elevation, stem height and wood density affect interspecific differences in vessel, fibre, and specific axial (AP) and radial (RP) parenchyma fractions. We focus on quantifying distinct subcategories of homogeneous or heterogeneous rays and apotracheal, paratracheal and banded axial parenchyma. KEY RESULTS Elevation-related cooling correlated with reduced AP fractions and vessel diameters, while fibre fractions increased. Lower elevations exhibited elevated AP fractions due to abundant paratracheal and wide-banded parenchyma in tall trees from coastal and lowland forests. Vasicentric and aliform AP were predominantly associated with greater tree height and wider vessels, which might help cope with high evaporative demands via elastic wood capacitance. In contrast, montane trees featured a higher fibre proportion, scarce axial parenchyma, smaller vessel diameters and higher vessel densities. The lack of AP in montane trees was often compensated for by extended uniseriate ray sections with upright or squared ray cells or the presence of living fibres. CONCLUSIONS Elevation gradient influenced specific xylem fractions, with lower elevations showing elevated AP due to abundant paratracheal and wide-banded parenchyma, securing greater vessel-to-parenchyma connectivity and lower embolism risk. Montane trees featured a higher fibre proportion and smaller vessel diameters, which may aid survival under greater environmental seasonality and fire risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Plavcová
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, Hradec Králové 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Jandová
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, 37901, Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Altman
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, 37901, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Pierre Liancourt
- Botany Department, State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kirill Korznikov
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, 37901, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Doležal
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, 37901, Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Zhang KY, Yang D, Zhang YB, Ai XR, Yao L, Deng ZJ, Zhang JL. Linkages among stem xylem transport, biomechanics, and storage in lianas and trees across three contrasting environments. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2024; 111:e16290. [PMID: 38380953 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
PREMISE Stem xylem transports water and nutrients, mechanically supports aboveground tissues, and stores water and nonstructural carbohydrates. These three functions are associated with three types of cells-vessel, fiber, and parenchyma, respectively. METHODS We measured stem theoretical hydraulic conductivity (Kt), modulus of elasticity (MOE), tissue water content, starch, soluble sugars, cellulose, and xylem anatomical traits in 15 liana and 16 tree species across three contrasting sites in Southwest China. RESULTS Lianas had higher hydraulic efficiency and tissue water content, but lower MOE and cellulose than trees. Storage traits (starch and soluble sugars) did not significantly differ between lianas and trees, and trait variation was explained mainly by site, highlighting how environment shapes plant storage strategies. Kt was significantly positively correlated with vessel diameter and vessel area fraction in lianas and all species combined. The MOE was significantly positively correlated with fiber area fraction, wood density, and cellulose in lianas and across all species. The tissue water content was significantly associated with parenchyma area fraction in lianas. Support function was strongly linked with transport and storage functions in lianas. In trees, transport and support functions were not correlated, while storage function was tightly linked with transport and support functions. CONCLUSIONS These findings enhance our understanding of the relationship between stem xylem structure and function in lianas and trees, providing valuable insights into how plants adapt to environmental changes and the distinct ecological strategies employed by lianas and by trees to balance the demands of hydraulic transport, mechanical support, and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Yan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, Hubei, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Da Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Yun-Bing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Xun-Ru Ai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, Hubei, China
| | - Lan Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, Hubei, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, Hubei, China
| | - Jiao-Lin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
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Zhang G, Mao Z, Maillard P, Brancheriau L, Gérard B, Engel J, Fortunel C, Heuret P, Maeght JL, Martínez-Vilalta J, Stokes A. Functional trade-offs are driven by coordinated changes among cell types in the wood of angiosperm trees from different climates. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:1162-1176. [PMID: 37485789 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Wood performs several functions to ensure tree survival and carbon allocation to a finite stem volume leads to trade-offs among cell types. It is not known to what extent these trade-offs modify functional trade-offs and if they are consistent across climates and evolutionary lineages. Twelve wood traits were measured in stems and coarse roots across 60 adult angiosperm tree species from temperate, Mediterranean and tropical climates. Regardless of climate, clear trade-offs occurred among cellular fractions, but did not translate into specific functional trade-offs. Wood density was negatively related to hydraulic conductivity (Kth ) in stems and roots, but was not linked to nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC), implying a functional trade-off between mechanical integrity and transport but not with storage. NSC storage capacity was positively associated with Kth in stems and negatively in roots, reflecting a potential role for NSC in the maintenance of hydraulic integrity in stems but not in roots. Results of phylogenetic analyses suggest that evolutionary histories cannot explain covariations among traits. Trade-offs occur among cellular fractions, without necessarily modifying trade-offs in function. However, functional trade-offs are driven by coordinated changes among xylem cell types depending on the dominant role of each cell type in stems and roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqi Zhang
- AMAP, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, 34000, France
- SILVA, INRAE, Université de Lorraine, Agroparistech, Centre de Recherche Grand-Est Nancy, Champenoux, 54280, France
| | - Zhun Mao
- AMAP, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Pascale Maillard
- SILVA, INRAE, Université de Lorraine, Agroparistech, Centre de Recherche Grand-Est Nancy, Champenoux, 54280, France
| | - Loïc Brancheriau
- CIRAD, UPR BioWooEB, Montpellier, 34000, France
- BioWooEB, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Bastien Gérard
- SILVA, INRAE, Université de Lorraine, Agroparistech, Centre de Recherche Grand-Est Nancy, Champenoux, 54280, France
| | - Julien Engel
- AMAP, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Claire Fortunel
- AMAP, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Patrick Heuret
- AMAP, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Jean-Luc Maeght
- AMAP, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, E08193, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, E08193, Spain
| | - Alexia Stokes
- AMAP, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, 34000, France
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Rezaie N, D'Andrea E, Scartazza A, Gričar J, Prislan P, Calfapietra C, Battistelli A, Moscatello S, Proietti S, Matteucci G. Upside down and the game of C allocation. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023:tpad034. [PMID: 36917230 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) represent the primary carbon (C) reserves and play a crucial role for plant functioning and resilience. Indeed, these compounds are involved in the regulation between C supply and demand, and in the maintenance of hydraulic efficiency. NSCs are stored in parenchyma of woody organs, which is recognized as a proxy for reserve storage capacity of tree. Notwithstanding the importance of NSCs for tree physiology, their long-term regulation and trade-offs against growth were not deeply investigated. This work evaluated the long-term dynamics of mature tree reserves in stem and root, proxied by parenchyma features, and focusing on the trade off and interplay between the resources allocation in radial growth and reserves in stem and coarse root. In a Mediterranean beech forest, NSCs content, stem and root wood anatomy analysis, and eddy covariance data, were combined. The parenchyma fraction (RAP) of beech root and stem was different, due to differences in axial parenchyma (AP) and narrow ray parenchyma (nRP) fractions. However, these parenchyma components and radial growth showed synchronous inter-annual dynamics between the two organs. In beech stem, positive correlations were found among soluble sugars content and nRP, and among starch content and the AP. Positive correlations were found among Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) and AP of both organs. In contrast, NEE was negatively correlated to radial growth of root and stem. Our results suggest a different contribution of stem and roots to reserves storage, and a putative partitioning in the functional roles of parenchyma components. Moreover, a long-term trade-off of C allocation between growth and reserve pool was evidenced. Indeed, in case of C source reduction, trees preferentially allocate C towards reserves pool. Conversely, in high productive years, growth represents the major C sink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Rezaie
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IRET), Via P. Castellino n. 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ettore D'Andrea
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IRET), via Marconi 2, 05010 Porano (TR), Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Scartazza
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IRET), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, Italy
| | - Jožica Gričar
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Prislan
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Carlo Calfapietra
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IRET), via Marconi 2, 05010 Porano (TR), Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, Italy
| | - Alberto Battistelli
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IRET), via Marconi 2, 05010 Porano (TR), Italy
| | - Stefano Moscatello
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IRET), via Marconi 2, 05010 Porano (TR), Italy
| | - Simona Proietti
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IRET), via Marconi 2, 05010 Porano (TR), Italy
| | - Giorgio Matteucci
- Institute for BioEconomy, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IBE), via Madonna del Piano, 10 - 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, Italy
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Zhang G, Maillard P, Mao Z, Brancheriau L, Engel J, Gérard B, Fortunel C, Maeght JL, Martínez-Vilalta J, Ramel M, Nourissier-Mountou S, Fourtier S, Stokes A. Non-structural carbohydrates and morphological traits of leaves, stems and roots from tree species in different climates. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:251. [PMID: 35840995 PMCID: PMC9284841 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-06136-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Carbon fixed during photosynthesis is exported from leaves towards sink organs as non-structural carbohydrates (NSC), that are a key energy source for metabolic processes in trees. In xylem, NSC are mostly stored as soluble sugars and starch in radial and axial parenchyma. The multi-functional nature of xylem means that cells possess several functions, including water transport, storage and mechanical support. Little is known about how NSC impacts xylem multi-functionality, nor how NSC vary among species and climates. We collected leaves, stem and root xylem from tree species growing in three climates and estimated NSC in each organ. We also measured xylem traits linked to hydraulic and mechanical functioning. Data description The paper describes functional traits in leaves, stems and roots, including NSC, carbon, nitrogen, specific leaf area, stem and root wood density and xylem traits. Data are provided for up to 90 angiosperm species from temperate, Mediterranean and tropical climates. These data are useful for understanding the trade-offs in resource allocation from a whole-plant perspective, and to better quantify xylem structure and function related to water transportation, mechanical support and storage. Data will also give researchers keys to understanding the ability of trees to adjust to a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqi Zhang
- AMAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, 34000, Montpellier, France.
| | - Pascale Maillard
- SILVA, INRAE, Université de Lorraine, Agroparistech, Centre de Recherche Grand-Est Nancy, 54280, Champenoux, France
| | - Zhun Mao
- AMAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Loic Brancheriau
- CIRAD, Université de Montpellier, UR BioWooEB, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Engel
- AMAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Bastien Gérard
- SILVA, INRAE, Université de Lorraine, Agroparistech, Centre de Recherche Grand-Est Nancy, 54280, Champenoux, France
| | - Claire Fortunel
- AMAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Luc Maeght
- AMAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
- CREAF, Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Merlin Ramel
- AMAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Stéphane Fourtier
- AMAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexia Stokes
- AMAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, 34000, Montpellier, France
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