Gilmour KC, Gaspar HB. Pathogenesis and diagnosis of X-linked lymphoproliferative disease.
Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014;
3:549-61. [PMID:
14510176 DOI:
10.1586/14737159.3.5.549]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP) is a rare, often fatal, primary immunodeficiency that has profound and damaging effects on the immune system of affected individuals. It is characterized by a dysregulated immune response, most commonly to Epstein-Barr viral infection. The defective gene in this syndrome has been identified as SAP-SLAM (signaling lymphocyte activation molecule)-associated protein. It is an adapter molecule that is required for appropriate function of the SLAM-related receptors. There is now a greater understanding of the molecular associations and cellular pathogenesis of SAP and this review will summarize the most recent findings. Clinically, XLP may be difficult to diagnose as a result of its varied clinical phenotype, and protein and genetic assays are currently used to make a definitive diagnosis. With the advances in gene analysis and genomics technology, it is likely that better and more rapid diagnostic techniques will become available.
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