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Loginov SI, Malkov MN, Nikolayev AY. Gender-Specific Manifestations of Daily Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Elderly Residents of Surgut. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057018010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Shattuck-Heidorn H, Reiches MW, Prentice AM, Moore SE, Ellison PT. Energetics and the immune system: Trade-offs associated with non-acute levels of CRP in adolescent Gambian girls. EVOLUTION MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 2017:27-38. [PMID: 28003312 PMCID: PMC5381351 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eow034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: The human immune system is an ever-changing composition of innumerable cells and proteins, continually ready to respond to pathogens or insults. The cost of maintaining this state of immunological readiness is rarely considered. In this paper we aim to discern a cost to non-acute immune function by investigating how low levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) relate to other energetic demands and resources in adolescent Gambian girls. Methodology: Data from a longitudinal study of 66 adolescent girls was used to test hypotheses around investment in immune function. Non-acute (under 2 mg/L) CRP was used as an index of immune function. Predictor variables include linear height velocity, adiposity, leptin, and measures of energy balance. Results: Non-acute log CRP was positively associated with adiposity (β = 0.16, P < 0.001, R2 = 0.17) and levels of the adipokine leptin (β = 1.17, P = 0.006, R2 = 0.09). CRP was also negatively associated with increased investment in growth, as measured by height velocity (β = −0.58, P < 0.001, R2 = 0.13) and lean mass deposition β = −0.42, P = 0.005, R2 = 0.08). Relationships between adiposity and growth explained some, but not all, of this association. We do not find that CRP was related to energy balance. Conclusions and implications: These data support a hypothesis that investment in non-acute immune function is facultative, and sensitive to energetic resources and demands. We also find support for an adaptive association between the immune system and adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meredith W Reiches
- 1. Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 11 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Andrew M Prentice
- 2. MRC Unit, The Gambia & MRC International Nutrition Group, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Sophie E Moore
- 2. MRC Unit, The Gambia & MRC International Nutrition Group, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Peter T Ellison
- 1. Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 11 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139
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Dressler WW, Balieiro MC, Ribeiro RP, dos Santos JE. Culture and the Immune System: Cultural Consonance in Social Support and C-reactive Protein in Urban Brazil. Med Anthropol Q 2016; 30:259-77. [DOI: 10.1111/maq.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lorenz TK, Worthman CM, Vitzthum VJ. Links among inflammation, sexual activity and ovulation: Evolutionary trade-offs and clinical implications. EVOLUTION MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 2015:304-24. [PMID: 26675298 PMCID: PMC4681377 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eov029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation in healthy sexually active women decreased at midcycle, around ovulation, which may have evolved to promote conception. Background and objectives: We examined a mechanism that may coordinate trade-offs between reproduction and immune response in healthy women, namely, changes in inflammation across the ovarian cycle. Methodology: We investigated C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammation marker, across two consecutive ovarian cycles in 61 Bolivian women. Participants provided saliva samples every other day, and dried blood spots on 5–6 days spread across weeks 2–3 of each cycle. Cycles were characterized as ovulatory/anovulatory based on profiles of reproductive hormones. Participants also reported whether they were sexually partnered with a male or sexually abstinent during the study. Results: High early-cycle, but not late-cycle, CRP was associated with anovulation. High inflammation at the end of one cycle was not associated with anovulation in the subsequent cycle. Among ovulatory cycles, women with sexual partners had significantly lower CRP at midcycle, and higher CRP at follicular and luteal phases; in contrast, sexually abstinent women had little cycle-related change in CRP. In anovulatory cycles, partnership had no effect on CRP. CRP varied significantly with socioeconomic status (higher in better-off than in poorer women). Conclusions and implications: These findings suggest that the cycle-specific effect of inflammation on ovarian function may be a flexible, adaptive mechanism for managing trade-offs between reproduction and immunity. Sociosexual behavior may moderate changes in inflammation across the ovarian cycle, suggesting that these shifts represent evolved mechanisms to manage the trade-offs between reproduction and immunity. Clinically, these findings support considering both menstrual cycle phase and sexual activity in evaluations of pre-menopausal women’s CRP concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tierney K Lorenz
- The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Morrison Hall 313, 1165 E 3rd Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; The Center for Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA;
| | - Carol M Worthman
- Laboratory for Comparative Human Biology, Department of Anthropology, Emory University, 214 Anthropology, 1557 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Virginia J Vitzthum
- The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Morrison Hall 313, 1165 E 3rd Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; The Center for Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Evolutionary Anthropology Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, Student Building 130, 701 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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Konishi S, Parajuli RP, Takane E, Maharjan M, Tachibana K, Jiang HW, Pahari K, Inoue Y, Umezaki M, Watanabe C. Significant sex difference in the association between C-reactive protein concentration and anthropometry among 13- to 19-year olds, but not 6- to 12-year olds in Nepal. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2014; 154:42-51. [PMID: 24431160 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Life history theory predicts a trade-off between immunostimulation and growth. Using a cross-sectional study design, this study aims to test the hypothesis that C-reactive protein (CRP) is negatively associated with height-for-age z-scores (HAZ scores) and BMI-for-age z-scores (BAZ scores) among 6- to 19-year olds (N = 426) residing in five Nepalese communities. Dried blood spot (DBS) samples were collected and assayed for CRP using an in-house enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Sex- and age-group-specific CRP quartiles were used to examine its association with growth in linear mixed-effects (LME) models. A significant difference was found in the proportion of elevated CRP (>2 mg/L, equivalent to ∼3.2 mg/L serum CRP) between 13- and 19-year-old boys (12%) and girls (4%). Concentrations of CRP were positively associated with HAZ score among adolescent (13-19 years) boys, which may indicate that individuals with greater energy resources have better growth and a better response to infections, thus eliminating the expected trade-off between body maintenance (immunostimulation) and growth. Adolescent boys with low BAZ and HAZ scores had low CRP values, suggesting that those who do not have enough energy for growth cannot increase their CRP level even when infected with pathogens. Among adolescent girls a positive association was observed between CRP and BAZ scores suggesting the possible effects of chronic low-grade inflammation due to body fat rather than infection. The association between CRP and growth was less evident among children (6-12 years) compared with adolescents, indicating that the elevated energy requirement needed for the adolescent growth spurt and puberty may play some role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Konishi
- Department of Human Ecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan; Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195
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Wilson HJ, Leonard WR, Tarskaia LA, Klimova TM, Krivoshapkin VG, Snodgrass JJ. Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour of Yakut (Sakha) adults. Ann Hum Biol 2013; 41:180-6. [PMID: 24295037 DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2013.838304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circumpolar regions are undergoing social and economic transition, which often corresponds to a behavioural transition. Yet, physical activity and sedentary behaviour are rarely objectively measured within these groups. AIM This study aimed to characterize objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour in a sample of indigenous Siberians. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Yakut (Sakha) adults (n = 68, 32 men) underwent anthropometry, interviews and wore a triaxial accelerometer for two days. Time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) or sedentary behaviour was calculated using a single axis and also all three axes. RESULTS Men spent significantly more time in MVPA than women, although no sex difference was found in sedentary behaviour. Participants were far more active and less sedentary when classified using all three axes (vector magnitude) than a single axis. Television viewing time significantly related to sedentary behaviour in men only. CONCLUSION The Yakut have gender differences in amount and predictors of physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Triaxial accelerometry is more sensitive to daily physical activity in free living populations than single axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Wilson
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University , Evanston, IL , USA
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Kohler IV, Soldo BJ, Anglewicz P, Chilima B, Kohler HP. Association of blood lipids, creatinine, albumin, and CRP with socioeconomic status in Malawi. Popul Health Metr 2013; 11:4. [PMID: 23448548 PMCID: PMC3701600 DOI: 10.1186/1478-7954-11-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of these analyses is to document the relationship between biomarker-based indicators of health and socioeconomic status (SES) in a low-income African population where the cumulative effects of exposure to multiple stressors on physiological functions and health in general are expected to be highly detrimental for the well-being of individuals. METHODS Biomarkers were collected subsequent to the 2008 round of the Malawi Longitudinal Study of Families and Health (MLSFH), a population-based study in rural Malawi, including blood lipids (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, ratio of total cholesterol to HDL), biomarkers of renal and liver organ function (albumin and creatinine) and wide-range C-reactive protein (CRP) as a non-specific biomarker for inflammation. These biomarkers represent widely used indicators of health that are individually or cumulatively recognized as risk factors for age-related diseases among prime-aged and elderly individuals. Quantile regressions are used to estimate the age-gradient and the within-day variation of each biomarker distribution. Differences in biomarker levels by socioeconomic status are investigated using descriptive and multivariate statistics. RESULTS Overall, the number of significant associations between the biomarkers and socioeconomic measures is very modest. None of the biomarkers significantly varies with schooling. Except for CRP where being married is weakly associated with lower risk of having an elevated CRP level, marriage is not associated with the biomarkers measured in the MLSFH. Similarly, being Muslim is associated with a lower risk of having elevated CRP but otherwise religion does not predict being in the high-risk quartiles of any of the MLSFH biomarkers. Wealth does not predict being in the high-risk quartile of any of the MLSFH biomarkers, with the exception of a weak effect on creatinine. Being overweight or obese is associated with increased likelihood of being in the high-risk quartile for cholesterol, Chol/HDL ratio, and LDL. CONCLUSIONS The results provide only weak evidence for variation of the biomarkers by socioeconomic indicators in a poor Malawian context. Our findings underscore the need for further research to understand the determinants of health outcomes in a poor low-income context such as rural Malawi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliana V Kohler
- Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, 3718 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Beth J Soldo
- Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, 3718 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Philip Anglewicz
- Department of International Health and Development, Tulane University, 1440 Canal St., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Ben Chilima
- Community Health Sciences Unit, Ministry of Health and Population, Private Bag 65, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Hans-Peter Kohler
- Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, 3718 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Abstract
The use of dried whole blood spot samples provides medical anthropological researchers-especially those working in remote, isolated communities-with several advantages over traditional methods. Anthropological research utilizing venous-drawn blood samples can create challenges in terms of phlebotomy training, personnel needs, storage and transportation requirements, and participant discomfort. Alternatively, research utilizing dried blood spot samples, via finger stick collection techniques, eliminates or reduces these problems greatly. While the use of dried blood spots is often the best sampling option for anthropologists or other population-level researchers, the method does have some limitations. Nevertheless, as the number of dried blood spot analyte protocols continues to increase, the logistical and participant advantages of dried blood spot methods assure their increased utility in biomedical anthropological research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Benyshek
- Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-5003 , USA.
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McDade TW, Rutherford JN, Adair L, Kuzawa C. Population differences in associations between C-reactive protein concentration and adiposity: comparison of young adults in the Philippines and the United States. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89:1237-45. [PMID: 19225115 PMCID: PMC2667466 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.27080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation may be an important mediator of the association between nutrition and cardiovascular diseases, but most studies have been conducted in Western populations with high rates of overweight and obesity and low levels of infectious disease. OBJECTIVES This study sought to investigate the predictors of C-reactive protein (CRP) in young adults living in the Philippines and to examine patterns of association with adiposity compared with young adults in the United States. DESIGN Maximum likelihood logistic regression models were used to predict elevated high-sensitivity CRP (>3 mg/L) in relation to anthropometric measures of adiposity, symptoms of infectious disease, and proxy measures of pathogen exposure in men and women from the Philippines (n = 1648; age: 20-22 y). Comparative data were drawn from a nationally representative sample in the United States (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; n = 616; age: 19-24 y). RESULTS Median concentrations of CRP were substantially lower in the Philippines (0.2 mg/L) than in the United States (0.9 mg/L), and the likelihood of elevated CRP was lower in the Philippines than in the United States at the same level of waist circumference or skinfold thickness. In the Philippines, infectious symptoms and pathogen exposure predicted elevated CRP, independent of adiposity. CONCLUSIONS Adiposity and infectious exposures are associated with elevated CRP in the Philippines; other populations undergoing comparable lifestyle and dietary changes associated with increasing rates of overweight and obesity are likely experiencing similar double burdens of inflammatory stimuli. Low concentrations of CRP in this Philippine sample raise the question of whether CRP cutoffs based on European or European-American reference populations are appropriate for predicting disease risk in populations undergoing the nutrition transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W McDade
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
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Sorensen MV, Snodgrass JJ, Leonard WR, McDade TW, Tarskaya LA, Ivanov KI, Krivoshapkin VG, Alekseev VP. Lifestyle incongruity, stress and immune function in indigenous Siberians: The health impacts of rapid social and economic change. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2009; 138:62-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Snodgrass JJ, Leonard WR, Sorensen MV, Tarskaia LA, Mosher MJ. The influence of basal metabolic rate on blood pressure among indigenous Siberians. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2008; 137:145-55. [PMID: 18470897 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is an important global health issue and is currently increasing at a rapid pace in most industrializing nations. Although a number of risk factors have been linked with the development of hypertension, including obesity, high dietary sodium, and chronic psychosocial stress, these factors cannot fully explain the variation in blood pressure and hypertension rates that occurs within and between populations. The present study uses data collected on adults from three indigenous Siberian populations (Evenki, Buryat, and Yakut [Sakha]) to test the hypothesis of Luke et al. (Hypertension 43 (2004) 555-560) that basal metabolic rate (BMR) and blood pressure are positively associated independent of body size. When adjusted for body size and composition, as well as potentially confounding variables such as age, smoking status, ethnicity, and degree of urbanization, BMR was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (SBP; P < 0.01) and pulse pressure (PP; P < 0.01); BMR showed a trend with diastolic blood pressure (DBP; P = 0.08). Thus, higher BMR is associated with higher SBP and PP; this is opposite the well-documented inverse relationship between physical activity and blood pressure. If the influence of BMR on blood pressure is confirmed, the systematically elevated BMRs of indigenous Siberians may help explain the relatively high blood pressures and hypertension rates documented among native Siberians in the post-Soviet period. These findings underscore the importance of considering the influence of biological adaptation to regional environmental conditions in structuring health changes associated with economic development and lifestyle change.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Josh Snodgrass
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
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Wander K, Brindle E, O'Connor KA. C-reactive protein across the menstrual cycle. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2008; 136:138-46. [PMID: 18257023 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a widely used, sensitive biomarker of inflammation. Studies conducted among users of exogenous hormones suggest that estrogen increases CRP, whereas progesterone decreases CRP. Examinations of CRP in normally cycling women suggest the opposite: CRP is negatively associated with endogenous estrogen and positively associated with endogenous progesterone. This work evaluates the association between menstrual cycle-related hormone changes and events (menstruation and ovulation) and CRP. Eight female subjects gave urine and blood samples from twelve days across the menstrual cycle, for a total of eleven cycles. Blood samples were assayed for CRP; urine samples for beta-follicle stimulating hormone (betaFSH), pregnanediol 3-glucuronide (PDG), and estrone glucuronide (E1G). Ovulation day was estimated using hormone levels. Presence or absence of menses was reported by subjects. Analyses were conducted with random-effects linear regression. All cycles were ovulatory; day of ovulation was identified for nine cycles. A ten-fold increase in progesterone was associated with a 23% increase in CRP (P = 0.01), a ten-fold increase in estrogen was associated with a 29% decrease in CRP (P = 0.05), and menses was associated with a 17% increase in CRP (P = 0.18); no association between ovulation or FSH and CRP was found. Hormone changes across the menstrual cycle should be controlled for in future studies of inflammation in reproductive-age women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Wander
- Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Snodgrass JJ, Leonard WR, Tarskaia LA, McDade TW, Sorensen MV, Alekseev VP, Krivoshapkin VG. Anthropometric Correlates of C-Reactive Protein among Indigenous Siberians. J Physiol Anthropol 2007; 26:241-6. [PMID: 17435372 DOI: 10.2114/jpa2.26.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is an inflammatory marker, which at low-level elevations is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Although CRP has been extensively investigated in North American and European settings, few studies have measured CRP among non-Western groups. The present study used dried whole blood spot samples to examine high-sensitivity CRP concentrations among the Yakut (Sakha) of Siberia (85 females, 56 males; 18-58 years old). Our goals were: (1) to compare Yakut CRP concentrations with other populations; (2) to investigate sex differences; and (3) to explore anthropometric correlates of CRP. Results indicate that serum equivalent CRP concentrations are similar to those from industrializing nations, lower than US and European values, and greater than Japanese concentrations. Yakut men and women display similar CRP concentrations; however, CRP was significantly higher among men after adjustment for body fat, age, and smoking. Positive associations were documented between CRP and BMI, body fat, and central adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Josh Snodgrass
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene 97403, USA.
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