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Zinger W, Valentin F, Spriggs M, Bedford S, Flexner JL, Willie E, Kuautonga T, Détroit F. "Feeling at home in Vanuatu": Integration of newcomers from the East during the last millennium. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0290465. [PMID: 38295041 PMCID: PMC10830024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Several localities across the Vanuatu archipelago (Melanesia), so-called 'Polynesian Outliers', are inhabited by communities that display Polynesian linguistic and cultural features although being located outside the Polynesian Triangle. Several introductions of Polynesian genetic components to Central and Southern Vanuatu during the last millenium have resulted in the cultural distinctiveness observed among the Polynesian Outliers in Vanuatu. However, social, political or economic process surrounding the exchange of genes between Polynesian and local individuals remain unidentified. Recent bioanthropological studies suggest the existence of female mobilities from neighboring regions to Vanuatu but also to the Polynesian Outliers of Taumako (Solomon Islands) within patrilocal societies. We aim to examine the hypothesis that Polynesian biological affinities observed in ancient individuals from Vanuatu are gendered or sex-specific, and that some of the Polynesian migrations during the last millennium may have involved practices of exogamy. By reconstructing phenotypes and biological identities from 13 archaeologically-recovered human skulls (400-300 years ago) from "Polynesian-related" regions of Vanuatu, we provide new insights to better contextualize the settlement patterns of Polynesian individuals. Eastern-Pacific associated phenotype are observable in 4 women from the Eretok burial complex (Efate region) and the Polynesian Outlier of Futuna, who were buried in close proximity to individuals with Western-Pacific associated phenotype. We suggest that close integration of individuals from the East into the local Vanuatu society, as well as the practice of exogamy, might have been key processes contributing to the preservation of Polynesian cultural features in Vanuatu over the past millennium. Our finding are cross-referenced with oral records from these two areas, as well as the known genetic makeup of the Vanuatu Polynesian Outliers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanda Zinger
- Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics Group, Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Tübingen University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frédérique Valentin
- UMR 8068 TEMPS/CNRS/ Université Paris1 Panthéon Sorbonne/ Université Paris Nanterre/ Ministère de la Culture, MSH Mondes, Nanterre, France
| | - Matthew Spriggs
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, College of Arts and Social Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Stuart Bedford
- School of Culture, History & Language, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution, Leipzig, Germany
| | - James L. Flexner
- Department of Archaeology, School of Philosophical and Historical Inquiry, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Edson Willie
- Vanuatu Cultural Centre Port Vila, Port Vila, Vanuatu
| | | | - Florent Détroit
- Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics Group, Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Tübingen University, Tübingen, Germany
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Larson JR, Manyama MF, Cole JB, Gonzalez PN, Percival CJ, Liberton DK, Ferrara TM, Riccardi SL, Kimwaga EA, Mathayo J, Spitzmacher JA, Rolian C, Jamniczky HA, Weinberg SM, Roseman CC, Klein O, Lukowiak K, Spritz RA, Hallgrimsson B. Body size and allometric variation in facial shape in children. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2017; 165:327-342. [PMID: 29178597 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Morphological integration, or the tendency for covariation, is commonly seen in complex traits such as the human face. The effects of growth on shape, or allometry, represent a ubiquitous but poorly understood axis of integration. We address the question of to what extent age and measures of size converge on a single pattern of allometry for human facial shape. METHODS Our study is based on two large cross-sectional cohorts of children, one from Tanzania and the other from the United States (N = 7,173). We employ 3D facial imaging and geometric morphometrics to relate facial shape to age and anthropometric measures. RESULTS The two populations differ significantly in facial shape, but the magnitude of this difference is small relative to the variation within each group. Allometric variation for facial shape is similar in both populations, representing a small but significant proportion of total variation in facial shape. Different measures of size are associated with overlapping but statistically distinct aspects of shape variation. Only half of the size-related variation in facial shape can be explained by the first principal component of four size measures and age while the remainder associates distinctly with individual measures. CONCLUSIONS Allometric variation in the human face is complex and should not be regarded as a singular effect. This finding has important implications for how size is treated in studies of human facial shape and for the developmental basis for allometric variation more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinda R Larson
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Mange F Manyama
- Division of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Anatomy, Catholic University of Health and Allied Science, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Joanne B Cole
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program and Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Paula N Gonzalez
- Department of Anthropology, University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Denise K Liberton
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tracey M Ferrara
- Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program and Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sheri L Riccardi
- Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program and Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Emmanuel A Kimwaga
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic University of Health and Allied Science, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Joshua Mathayo
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic University of Health and Allied Science, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | | | - Campbell Rolian
- Department of Comparative Biology & Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Heather A Jamniczky
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Seth M Weinberg
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Charles C Roseman
- Department of Animal Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Science, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Ophir Klein
- Departments of Orofacial Sciences and Pediatrics, and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Ken Lukowiak
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology and the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richard A Spritz
- Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program and Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Benedikt Hallgrimsson
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Floyd B. How much impact do gains in height have on shoulder breadths within Taiwanese families? Am J Hum Biol 2017; 29. [PMID: 28266086 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigates allometric changes in shoulder breadths relative to changes in stature arising from rapidly changing developmental circumstances within 107 Taiwanese families. It speaks to broader issues related to the extent of phenotypic plasticity of body breadths humans are capable of in response to reductions in developmental stressors. METHODS An examination of relationships between shoulder breadth and height within individuals in each generation was followed by evaluation of patterns of difference between same-sex parent-offspring pairs in height and shoulder breadth. RESULTS Height was similarly positively correlated with shoulder breadth within fathers, mothers, sons, and daughters (P ≤ 0.002). Variance accounted for ranged from an adjusted R2 of 0.201 among fathers to 0.151 for sons, with mothers' and daughters' values being 0.187 and 0.181, respectively. Comparisons of differences within families indicate that parents who were shorter than their same-sex offspring also tended to have modestly narrower biacromial breadths (father-son pairs: adjusted R2 = 0.112; t = 2.82, P = .007; mother-daughter pairs: adjusted R2 = 0.135; t = 2.97, P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Taken as a whole, results here support the view that secular changes in stature are not accompanied by similar changes in body breadths, perhaps so that responses to developmental environmental improvements do not alter thermoregulatory equilibria that reflect long-term evolutionary processes. These results indirectly constrain plausible hypotheses about how ancestors of Austronesian speakers altered their body size and shape as they voyaged to Fiji, Western Polynesia, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Floyd
- Anthropology, School of Social Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Early Lapita skeletons from Vanuatu show Polynesian craniofacial shape: Implications for Remote Oceanic settlement and Lapita origins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 113:292-7. [PMID: 26712019 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1516186113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With a cultural and linguistic origin in Island Southeast Asia the Lapita expansion is thought to have led ultimately to the Polynesian settlement of the east Polynesian region after a time of mixing/integration in north Melanesia and a nearly 2,000-y pause in West Polynesia. One of the major achievements of recent Lapita research in Vanuatu has been the discovery of the oldest cemetery found so far in the Pacific at Teouma on the south coast of Efate Island, opening up new prospects for the biological definition of the early settlers of the archipelago and of Remote Oceania in general. Using craniometric evidence from the skeletons in conjunction with archaeological data, we discuss here four debated issues: the Lapita-Asian connection, the degree of admixture, the Lapita-Polynesian connection, and the question of secondary population movement into Remote Oceania.
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