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Esfarjani SV, Zamani M, Ashrafizadeh SS, Zamani M. Association between lifestyle and height growth in high school students. J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12:3279-3284. [PMID: 38361874 PMCID: PMC10866238 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_8_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction An important indicator that plays a pivotal role in examining the health of individuals living in a community is their height. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between lifestyle and height among female high school students in Dezful, Iran. Methods This research was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study. Participants included 351 female high school students who were selected from public and private high schools in Dezful using random cluster sampling. Miller-Smith Lifestyle Assessment Inventory was used to collect data about students' lifestyles, and their height was measured based on self-report. Results The total lifestyle score of the study participants was 52.23 ± 11.31. Also, 30.2%, 67.2%, and 2.6% of the students had high, moderate, and low lifestyle scores, respectively. A negative and significant relationship was observed between the total score of lifestyle and its components, that is, nutrition, sleep, exercise, and mental stress, and the height growth of female high school students in Dezful (P < 0.05) according to Pearson's correlation. Results of regression analysis showed that the total lifestyle score and its components could significantly predict the height growth of students. Conclusion Our results are indicative of the relationship between lifestyle and its components with height growth among female high school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Vaziri Esfarjani
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Marjan Zamani
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Soraya Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Zamani
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Navazo B, Garraza M, Torres MF, Dahinten SL, Quintero FA, Cesani MF. Comparison of frame index reference percentiles in Argentine and European boys and girls. Am J Hum Biol 2023; 35:e23917. [PMID: 37221920 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The frame index (FI), based on measurements of elbow breadth and height, is the body frame size parameter most frequently used in child and adolescent populations to assess skeletal robustness. In 2018, the first FI reference percentiles were elaborated with data of boys and girls aged 0-18 years from different European populations. In Argentina, the FI reference values were published in 2022. OBJECTIVE The present study aims to compare the Argentine (AR) and European (EU) FI reference percentiles to evaluate possible variation in bone robustness between populations. METHODS The values of the 3rd, 50th and 97th percentiles of the AR and EU FI references for boys and girls aged 4-14 years were compared using the Wilcoxon test (p < .05). Percentage differences between means (PDM) were calculated to analyze the magnitude of the differences between both references. The R 3.2.0 program was used to plot the percentile curves. RESULTS The FI reference values were lower in AR than in EU in both the 3rd and the 50th percentiles, regardless of sex and age. Conversely, the AR reference values of the 97th percentile were higher than the EU values at most ages. CONCLUSIONS The comparison of the AR and EU FI references showed similar age and sex growth patterns. However, differences in percentile values between populations were observed, highlighting the importance of having local references for the evaluation of skeletal robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Navazo
- LINOA-Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Ontogenia y Adaptación, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
- CONICET-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, LaPlata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela Garraza
- LINOA-Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Ontogenia y Adaptación, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
- CONICET-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, LaPlata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Fernanda Torres
- LINOA-Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Ontogenia y Adaptación, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
- IGEVET-Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando N. Dulout" (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNLP, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- ICA-Instituto de Ciencias Antropológicas, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Lucrecia Dahinten
- IDEAus-Instituto de Evolución y Diversidad Austral, Laboratorio de Antropología Biológica, (CCT-CENPAT-CONICET), Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - Fabián Aníbal Quintero
- LINOA-Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Ontogenia y Adaptación, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María Florencia Cesani
- LINOA-Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Ontogenia y Adaptación, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
- CONICET-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, LaPlata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Guzman-de la Garza FJ, Cerino Peñaloza MS, García Leal M, Salinas Martínez AM, Alvarez Villalobos NA, Cordero Franco HF. Anthropometric parameters to estimate body frame size in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Am J Hum Biol 2022; 34:e23720. [PMID: 35014113 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the most frequently body frame size (BFS) measurement and to compare the cut-off values used for classifying body size in children and adolescents. METHODS This systematic review focused on primary studies and scientific reports published in Medline Ovid, EMBASE, Web of Science, or Scopus between January 1, 2007 and March 31, 2021. Eligible studies must have included at least one BFS parameter measured in healthy children or adolescents. A descriptive analysis and graphic comparison were performed when values of the body frame were available. RESULTS A total of 26 studies involving 317 202 children and adolescents from all over the world were included. The report of Frame index predominated (46%). It was followed by the biacromial diameter single or combined with the bitrochanteric and biiliocristal diameter (27%), the wrist circumference (19%), and the grant index (12%). Fourteen studies reported percentile values of the BFS measurement, but only four presented cut-off values. CONCLUSIONS There was no unified BFS measurement in children and adolescents neither reference cut-off values for categorization. The Frame index was the most frequently used. It is difficult to compare BFS statistics due to the diversity of measurements. It is necessary to standardize the use of the methods for measuring BFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Guzman-de la Garza
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.,Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud/Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | | | - Mariana García Leal
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Ana María Salinas Martínez
- Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud/Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.,Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Neri Alejandro Alvarez Villalobos
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.,Clínica 7, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Hid Felizardo Cordero Franco
- Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud/Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
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de Lamas C, Sánchez-Pintos P, José de Castro M, Sáenz de Pipaon M, Couce ML. Screen Time and Bone Status in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:675214. [PMID: 34926335 PMCID: PMC8672244 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.675214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Technological advances over the last 2 decades have led to an increase in the time spent by children and youth engaged in screen-based activities, and growing recognition of deleterious effects on health. In this systematic review of cohort and cross-sectional studies, we assess current data on the relationship between screen time and bone status in children and teenagers. Methods: We searched PUBMED and SCOPUS databases for studies of children and adolescents that assessed screen time and bone status, determined by measuring bone mineral content or density, bone stiffness index, bone speed of sound, bone broadband ultrasound attenuation, or frame index. Searches were limited to studies published between 1900 and 2020, and performed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The studies included were evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale. Results: Ten cohort and cross-sectional studies including pediatric population were selected. The combined study population was 20,420 children/adolescents, of whom 18,444 participated in cross-sectional studies. Four studies assessed the effects of total screen time, seven the consequences of TV viewing time, and six the effects of recreational computer use on bone health. Our findings indicate an inverse association between total and weekly screen time and bone health in children and adolescents. In 57% of the studies included also a negative correlation between television viewing time and bone status was observed, while recreational computer time did not have a significant impact on bone health. According to the only four studies that included dietetic factors, no relevant differences were found between calcium intake and screen time or bone broadband ultrasound attenuation and bone speed of sound. Conclusions: Review of the literature of the past three decades provides strong support for comprehensive education of screen time on bone status. The findings of this systematic review support a negative association between screen time and bone status in children and adolescents, with a different impact when considering the different technological devices. As peak bone mass in adolescents is the strongest predictor of osteoporosis risk, strategies aimed at improving bone health should incorporate conscious use of digital technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela de Lamas
- Santiago de Compostela University, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Paula Sánchez-Pintos
- Santiago de Compostela University, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Metabolic Unit, Neonatology Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,IDIS-Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,European Reference Network for Rare Hereditary Metabolic Disorders (MetabERN), Madrid, Spain.,Rare Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - María José de Castro
- Santiago de Compostela University, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Metabolic Unit, Neonatology Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,IDIS-Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,European Reference Network for Rare Hereditary Metabolic Disorders (MetabERN), Madrid, Spain.,Rare Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Sáenz de Pipaon
- Department of Pediatrics-Neonatology, Autonomous University of Madrid, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luz Couce
- Santiago de Compostela University, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Metabolic Unit, Neonatology Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,IDIS-Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,European Reference Network for Rare Hereditary Metabolic Disorders (MetabERN), Madrid, Spain.,Rare Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
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Secular Changes in Body Build and Body Composition in Czech Preschool Children in the Context of Latent Obesity. CHILDREN-BASEL 2020; 8:children8010018. [PMID: 33396305 PMCID: PMC7823761 DOI: 10.3390/children8010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Changes in lifestyle can be significantly reflected in growth and development. Adaptations to reduced levels of physical activity, together with non-corresponding nutritional intakes, can result in body build and body composition changes at an early age. The present cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the secular trend of modifications of body composition and body mass index (BMI) in Czech preschoolers over the last two to three decades. Boys and girls (386 boys and 372 girls) aged 4 to 6 years in 2014–2019 were measured. Outcome data were compared with the reference sample of preschoolers from 1990: 911 boys and 896 girls. Body height, BMI, and percentage of body fat, muscle, and bone mass were evaluated. Height and BMI have not changed. Body fat increased in both genders (p < 0.01), and contrarily, a significant reduction of muscle and skeletal mass was revealed (p < 0.001). Significant changes in body composition and unchanged BMI indicate the development of latent obesity during the last few decades. Due to latent obesity in a recent cohort, the differences in the prevalence of overweight and obesity markers according to BMI and fat percentage were tested. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was higher by 7.2% in boys, and by 6.5% in girls, as compared to children evaluated according to only their BMI results. Secular changes in preschoolers’ physical builds over the last 25 years are not reflected in body height and BMI, but in body composition. Insufficient development of active, lean body mass proportionally compensated by increased fat mass was also indicated.
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Berger SM, Griffin JS, Dent SC. Phenotypes and pathways: Working toward an integrated skeletal biology in biological anthropology. Am J Hum Biol 2020; 33:e23450. [PMID: 32511865 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Steph M Berger
- Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jacob S Griffin
- Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sophia C Dent
- Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Time trends in mid-upper-arm anthropometry from 1982 to 2011 in male children and adolescents from Kolkata, India. J Biosoc Sci 2020; 53:71-81. [PMID: 32070439 DOI: 10.1017/s0021932020000048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate inter-generational changes in selected mid-upper-arm measurements of boys from Kolkata, India. The analysis was based on the anthropometric measurements of two cohorts of Bengali boys aged 7-16 from middle-class families, in 1982-83 and 2005-11. The two cohorts were compared in terms of their mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC) and mid-upper-arm area (MUAA), mid-upper-arm muscle area (MUAMA), mid-upper-arm fat area (MUAFA) and Arm Fat Index (AFI). The significances of the differences were determined using two-way ANOVA. All features differed significantly between the examined cohorts and all showed a general positive secular trend. In most cases, the biggest differences were noted for 14- and 16-year olds and the smallest for the youngest boys. The contemporary boys seemed to have more favourable overall developmental conditions, probably related to socioeconomic progress in India over recent decades.
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Lizana PA, Hormazabal-Peralta A. External skeletal robustness and adiposity in adolescents of low socioeconomic status: A cross-sectional analysis of body composition. Am J Hum Biol 2019; 32:e23346. [PMID: 31755190 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES External skeletal robustness has been decreasing in children, potentially due to a lack of physical activity and the increased prevalence of obesity. However, whether socioeconomic status (SES) influences external skeletal robustness in adolescents has not yet been examined. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed to examine 370 Chilean adolescents (16.15 ± 1.01 years old) recruited from distinct educational establishments. Body fat percentage (BF%) was evaluated using Ellis' equations for Hispanic children. Obesity was defined as ≥25 BF% in males and ≥ 30 BF% in females. External skeletal robustness was obtained by measuring the humerus biepicondylar width and height (Frame-Index). SES was obtained through the ESOMAR survey. RESULTS Females exhibited significantly greater BF% and lower Frame-Index values than males (P < .001). Obese adolescents (by BF%) had greater Frame-Index values than non-obese adolescents (P < .001). Females of medium-high SES had significantly lower BF% and Frame-Index values than females of medium and medium-low SES. BF% had a positive correlation with Frame-Index values in all SES groups studied, except in males of medium-high SES. As SES decreased, the correlation increased in both sexes, but overall, the correlation was greater in females than males. CONCLUSIONS The results of this investigation suggest that obesity increases external skeletal robustness in adolescents. Additionally, lower SES corresponded to higher BF% and Frame-Index values. Therefore, modern conditions that influence the prevalence of obesity in adolescence could be affecting bone health in adolescents, primarily in females of medium-low SES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Lizana
- Laboratory of Morphological Sciences, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Alonso Hormazabal-Peralta
- Laboratory of Morphological Sciences, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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Scheffler C, Hermanussen M, Bogin B, Liana DS, Taolin F, Cempaka PMVP, Irawan M, Ibbibah LF, Mappapa NK, Payong MKE, Homalessy AV, Takalapeta A, Apriyanti S, Manoeroe MG, Dupe FR, Ratri RRK, Touw SY, K PV, Murtani BJ, Nunuhitu R, Puspitasari R, Riandra IK, Liwan AS, Amandari P, Permatasari AAI, Julia M, Batubara J, Pulungan A. Stunting is not a synonym of malnutrition. Eur J Clin Nutr 2019; 74:377-386. [DOI: 10.1038/s41430-019-0439-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Musálek M, Pařízková J, Godina E, Bondareva E, Kokštejn J, Jírovec J, Vokounová Š. Poor Skeletal Robustness on Lower Extremities and Weak Lean Mass Development on Upper Arm and Calf: Normal Weight Obesity in Middle-School-Aged Children (9 to 12). Front Pediatr 2018; 6:371. [PMID: 30574472 PMCID: PMC6291469 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Normal weight obesity in children has been associated with excessive body fat, lower bone density and decreased total lean mass. However, no studies have been done into whether normal weight obese children differ in skeletal robustness or lean mass development on the extremities from normal weight non-obese, overweight, and obese peers although these are important indicators of healthy development of children. Methods: Body height, body weight, BMI, four skinfolds, and two limb circumferences were assessed. We calculated total body fat using Slaughter's equations, the Frame index for skeletal robustness and muscle area for the upper arm and calf using Rolland-Cachera equations. Using national references of BMI and measured skinfolds, three subgroups of participants (9-12 years) consisting of 210 middle-school-aged children (M-age = 11.01 ± 1.05)-110 girls and 100 boys-were selected: (A) overweight obese (OWOB) (n = 72); (B) normal weight obese (NWO) (n = 69); and, (C) normal weight non-obese (NWNO) (n = 69). All values, were converted to Z-scores to take account of participant's sex and age. Results: NWO children had significantly poorer skeletal robustness on lower extremities and poorer muscle area on the upper arm and calf compared to NWNO counterparts with significantly higher evidence in boys-skeletal robustness NWO boys: Z-score = -0.85; NWO girls: Z-score = -0.43; lean mass on the calf: NWO boys Z-score = -1.34; NWO girls: Z-score = -0.85. The highest skeletal robustness-but not muscle area on the calf-was detected in OWOB children. Conclusions: Further research should focus on whether this poor skeletal and lean mass development: (1) is a consequence of insufficient physical activity regimes; (2) affects physical fitness of NWO children and could contribute to a higher prevalence of health problems in them. We have highlighted the importance of the development of a simple identification of NWO children to be used by pediatricians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Musálek
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jana Pařízková
- Obesity Management Centre, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Elena Godina
- Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elvira Bondareva
- Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jakub Kokštejn
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Jírovec
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Šárka Vokounová
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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Scheffler C, Dammhahn M. Feminization of the fat distribution pattern of children and adolescents in a recent German population. Am J Hum Biol 2017; 29. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Scheffler
- Human Biology; University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology; Potsdam 14469 Germany
| | - Melanie Dammhahn
- Animal Ecology; University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology; Potsdam 14469 Germany
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Cardoso HFV, Vandergugten JM, Humphrey LT. Age estimation of immature human skeletal remains from the metaphyseal and epiphyseal widths of the long bones in the post-natal period. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2016; 162:19-35. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo F. V. Cardoso
- Department of Archaeology; Simon Fraser University; Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - John M. Vandergugten
- Department of Archaeology; Simon Fraser University; Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Louise T. Humphrey
- Human Origins Group, Department of Palaeontology; The Natural History Museum; London SW7 5BD United Kingdom
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Yang Y, Hu XM, Chen TJ, Bai MJ. Rural-Urban Differences of Dietary Patterns, Overweight, and Bone Mineral Status in Chinese Students. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8090537. [PMID: 27608038 PMCID: PMC5037524 DOI: 10.3390/nu8090537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
China is an urban and rural social model country. In the past three decades, the developing speed of rural areas has been much slower than urban areas, which may lead to the differences in dietary patterns. This study aimed to investigate the disparities of dietary structures from urban and rural children, and to analyze the effects of different dietary patterns on their adverse outcome. Among 1590 students, aged 11 years to 17 years, from primary and middle schools, a cross-sectional study was conducted. There were three dietary patterns recognized: Westernization structure, meat diet structure, and Western and Chinese structure. Compared with rural students, more urban students were in the highest categories of the whole dietary patterns (p < 0.001). Overweight/obesity and central adiposity were more prevailing among urban students, while rural students had a more prevailing risk of bone fracture (p < 0.05). Through the adjustment for all confounding factors, the Westernization structure could increase the risk of overweight/obesity and central adiposity, the meat structure could increase the risk of elevated blood pressure/hypertension, while the risk of low bone mineral quality could be reduced by the Chinese and Western structure. In conclusion, a rural-urban disparity in dietary patterns was found in our study, and different dietary patterns were associated with the risk of some adverse outcomes. Therefore, there were different prevalences of the adverse outcomes between rural and urban students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xiao-Mei Hu
- Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China.
| | - Tian-Jiao Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Ming-Jie Bai
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China.
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Längsschnittstudie des aktuellen Wachstums 0‑ bis 6‑jähriger deutscher Kinder: Teil 2. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-016-0068-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hermanussen M, Scheffler C, Groth D, Aßmann C. Height and skeletal morphology in relation to modern life style. J Physiol Anthropol 2015; 34:41. [PMID: 26642759 PMCID: PMC4672537 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-015-0080-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Height and skeletal morphology strongly relate to life style. Parallel to the decrease in physical activity and locomotion, modern people are slimmer in skeletal proportions. In German children and adolescents, elbow breadth and particularly relative pelvic breadth (50th centile of bicristal distance divided by body height) have significantly decreased in recent years. Even more evident than the changes in pelvic morphology are the rapid changes in body height in most modern countries since the end-19th and particularly since the mid-20th century. Modern Japanese mature earlier; the age at take-off (ATO, the age at which the adolescent growth spurt starts) decreases, and they are taller at all ages. Preece-Baines modelling of six national samples of Japanese children and adolescents, surveyed between 1955 and 2000, shows that this gain in height is largely an adolescent trend, whereas height at take-off (HTO) increased by less than 3 cm since 1955; adolescent growth (height gain between ATO and adult age) increased by 6 cm. The effect of globalization on the modern post-war Japanese society (“community effect in height”) on adolescent growth is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christiane Scheffler
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Detlef Groth
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Christian Aßmann
- Chair of Statistics and Econometrics, Otto-Friedrich-University, 96045, Bamberg, Germany
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Itoi A, Yamada Y, Nakae S, Kimura M. Decline in objective physical activity over a 10-year period in a Japanese elementary school. J Physiol Anthropol 2015; 34:38. [PMID: 26546272 PMCID: PMC4636851 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-015-0078-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to examine the change in accelerometer-derived daily physical activity (PA) and activity record-derived daily activities over a 10-year period in urban elementary schoolchildren in Japan. Methods A total of 233 sixth-grade children (11–12 years old) in a same elementary school in Kyoto participated in the study (n = 125 and 108 in 1999 and 2009, respectively). The participant rate is 91.9 and 98.2 % in 1999 and 2009, respectively. The size and shape of the school district was not changed. The children were instructed to wear an accelerometer for 5 consecutive days of weekday and to keep minute-by-minute 24-h activity records with the assistance of their parents. The school-day scheduling was similar between 1999 and 2009 (29 and 27 sessions of 45-min class per week, respectively). Results From 1999 to 2009, step counts considerably decreased (20,832 vs. 12,237 steps per day in boys and 16,087 vs. 10,748 steps per day in girls; P < 0.001) with concomitant significant decreases in total energy expenditure (P = 0.011), activity energy expenditure (P < 0.001), and physical activity level (P < 0.001). Time spent playing outdoors and walking to school were also significantly less in 2009 than 1999 (P < 0.001). Accelerometer-measured PA was significantly associated with the amount of time spent playing outdoors and walking to school. Conclusions These results indicate that elementary schoolchildren in 2009 spend less time playing outdoors and walking to school, perform less PA, and take fewer steps than children of a decade ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Itoi
- Department of Health, Sports and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kobe Women's University, 4-7-2 Minatojima Nakamachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0046, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- Department of Nutritional Science, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Nakae
- Department of Nutritional Science, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan.
| | - Misaka Kimura
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bio-environmental Science, Kyoto Gakuen University, 1-1, Nanjo-Otani, Sogabe, Kameoka, Kyoto, 621-8555, Japan. .,Laboratory of Sports and Health Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan.
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Scheffler C, Hermanussen M. Is there an influence of modern life style on skeletal build? Am J Hum Biol 2014; 26:590-7. [PMID: 24846748 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Modern human life style has led to significant decrease in everyday physical activity and bipedal locomotion. It has previously been shown that skeletal robustness (relative elbow breadth) is associated with daily step counts. The aim of the study was to investigate whether also other skeletal measures, particularly pelvic breadth may have changed in recent decades. METHODS We re-analyzed elbow breadth, pelvic breadth (bicristal), and thoracic depth and breadth, of up to 28,975 healthy females and 28,288 healthy males aged 3-18 years from cross-sectional anthropological surveys performed between 1980 and 2012 by the Universities of Potsdam and Berlin, Germany. RESULTS Relative elbow breadth (Frame index) significantly decreased in both sexes since 1980 (<0.001). The trend toward slighter built was even more pronounced in absolute and relative pelvic breadth. In contrast, equivalent changes of parts of the skeletal system that are not involved in bipedal locomotion such as thoracic breadth, thoracic depth, and the thoracic index were absent. CONCLUSIONS The present investigation confirms the decline in relative elbow breadth in recent decades. Analogue, but even more pronounced changes were detected in pelvic breadth that coincides with the modern decline in upright locomotion. The findings underscore the phenotypic plasticity of humans while adapting to new environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Scheffler
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Human Biology, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
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Scheffler C, Gniosdorz B, Staub K, Rühli F. Skeletal robustness and bone strength as measured by anthropometry and ultrasonography as a function of physical activity in young adults. Am J Hum Biol 2014; 26:215-20. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Scheffler
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Human Biology, University of Potsdam; 14471 Potsdam Germany
| | - Birgit Gniosdorz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Human Biology, University of Potsdam; 14471 Potsdam Germany
| | - Kaspar Staub
- Centre for Evolutionary Medicine; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zürich; 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Frank Rühli
- Centre for Evolutionary Medicine; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zürich; 8057 Zürich Switzerland
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Rietsch K, Godina E, Scheffler C. Decreased external skeletal robustness in schoolchildren--a global trend? Ten year comparison of Russian and German data. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68195. [PMID: 23935857 PMCID: PMC3720668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Obesity and a reduced physical activity are global developments. Physical activity affects the external skeletal robustness which decreased in German children. It was assumed that the negative trend of decreased external skeletal robustness can be found in other countries. Therefore anthropometric data of Russian and German children from the years 2000 and 2010 were compared. Methods Russian (2000/2010 n = 1023/268) and German (2000/2010 n = 2103/1750) children aged 6–10 years were investigated. Height, BMI and external skeletal robustness (Frame-Index) were examined and compared for the years and the countries. Statistical analysis was performed by Mann-Whitney-Test. Results Comparison 2010 and 2000: In Russian children BMI was significantly higher; boys were significantly taller and exhibited a decreased Frame-Index (p = .002) in 2010. German boys showed significantly higher BMI in 2010. In both sexes Frame-Index (p = .001) was reduced in 2010. Comparison Russian and German children in 2000: BMI, height and Frame-Index were different between Russian and German children. German children were significantly taller but exhibited a lower Frame-Index (p<.001). Even German girls showed a significantly higher BMI. Comparison Russian and German children in 2010: BMI and Frame-Index were different. Russian children displayed a higher Frame-Index (p<.001) compared with Germans. Conclusions In Russian children BMI has increased in recent years. Frame-Index is still higher in Russian children compared with Germans however in Russian boys Frame-Index is reduced. This trend and the physical activity should be observed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Rietsch
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Human Biology, Potsdam, Germany.
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