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Sámano R, Martínez-Rojano H, Chico-Barba G, Gamboa R, Mendoza-Flores ME, Robles-Alarcón FJ, Pérez-Martínez I, Monroy-Muñoz IE. Gestational Weight Gain: Is the Role of Genetic Variants a Determinant? A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3039. [PMID: 38474283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive or insufficient gestational weight gain (GWG) leads to diverse adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. There is evidence that pregestational body mass index (pBMI) plays a role in GWG, but no genetic cause has been identified. In this review, we aim to analyze genotype variants associated with GWG. Results: We identified seven genotype variants that may be involved in GWG regulation that were analyzed in studies carried out in Brazil, Romania, the USA, Turkey, Ukraine, and Canada. Some genetic variants were only associated with GWG in certain races or depending on the pBMI. In women who were obese or overweight before gestation, some genetic variants were associated with GWG. Environmental and genetic factors together showed a greater association with GWG than genetic factors alone; for example, type of diet was observed to have a significant influence. Conclusions: We found little scientific evidence of an association between genotype variants in countries with a high prevalence of women of reproductive age who are overweight and obese, such as in Latin America. GWG may be more dependent on environmental factors than genetic variants. We suggest a deeper study of genetic variants, cytokines, and their possible association with GWG, always with the respective control of potential cofounding factors, such as pBMI, diet, and race.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyna Sámano
- Coordinación de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
- Programa de Posgrado Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Hugo Martínez-Rojano
- Sección de Posgrado e Investigación de la Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Chico-Barba
- Coordinación de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Gamboa
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - María Eugenia Mendoza-Flores
- Coordinación de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | | | - Itzel Pérez-Martínez
- Facultad de Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62350, Mexico
| | - Irma Eloisa Monroy-Muñoz
- Departamento de Investigación Clínica en Salud Reproductiva y Perinatal, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
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Mikołajczyk-Stecyna J, Zuk E, Seremak-Mrozikiewicz A, Kurzawińska G, Wolski H, Drews K, Chmurzynska A. Genetic risk score for gestational weight gain. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2024; 294:20-27. [PMID: 38184896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Gestational weight gain (GWG) involves health consequences for both mother and offspring. Genetic factors seem to play a role in the GWG trait. For small effect sizes of a single genetic polymorphism (SNP), a genetic risk score (GRS) summarizing risk-associated variation from multiple SNPs can serve as an effective approach to genetic association analysis. The aim of the study was to analyze the association between genetic risk score (GRS) and gestational weight gain (GWG). GWG was calculated for a total of 342 healthy Polish women of Caucasian origin, aged 19 to 45 years. The SNPs rs9939609 (FTO), rs6548238 (TMEM18), rs17782313 (MC4R), rs10938397 (GNPDA2), rs10913469 (SEC16B), rs1137101 (LEPR), rs7799039 (LEP), and rs5443 (GNB3) were genotyped using commercial TaqMan SNP assays. A simple genetic risk score was calculated into two ways: GRS1 based on the sum of risk alleles from each of the SNPs, while GRS2 based on the sum of risk alleles of FTO, LEPR, LEP, and GNB3. Positive association between GRS2 and GWG (β = 0.12, p = 0.029) was observed. Genetic risk variants of TMEM18 (p = 0.006, OR = 2.6) and GNB3 (p < 0.001, OR = 3.3) are more frequent in women with increased GWG, but a risk variant of GNPDA2 (p < 0.001, OR = 2.7) is more frequent in women with adequate GWG, and a risk variant of LEPR (p = 0.011, OR = 3.1) in women with decreased GWG. GRS2 and genetic variants of TMEM18, GNB3, GNPDA2, and LEPR are associated with weight gain during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Mikołajczyk-Stecyna
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewelina Zuk
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Seremak-Mrozikiewicz
- Division of Perinatology and Women's Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznań, Poland; Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Perinatology and Women's Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznań, Poland
| | - Grażyna Kurzawińska
- Division of Perinatology and Women's Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznań, Poland; Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Perinatology and Women's Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznań, Poland
| | - Hubert Wolski
- Division of Perinatology and Women's Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznań, Poland; Podhale State College of Applied Sciences in Nowy Targ, Kokoszków 71, 34-400 Nowy Targ, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Drews
- Division of Perinatology and Women's Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznań, Poland; Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Perinatology and Women's Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agata Chmurzynska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland.
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FTO and ADRB2 Genetic Polymorphisms Are Risk Factors for Earlier Excessive Gestational Weight Gain in Pregnant Women with Pregestational Diabetes Mellitus: Results of a Randomized Nutrigenetic Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051050. [PMID: 35268025 PMCID: PMC8912276 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) is associated with increased risk of maternal and neonatal complications. We investigated obesity-related polymorphisms in the FTO gene (rs9939609, rs17817449) and ADRB2 (rs1042713, rs1042714) as candidate risk factors concerning excessive GWG in pregnant women with pregestational diabetes. This nutrigenetic trial, conducted in Brazil, randomly assigned 70 pregnant women to one of the groups: traditional diet (n = 41) or DASH diet (n = 29). Excessive GWG was the total weight gain above the upper limit of the recommendation, according to the Institute of Medicine guidelines. Genotyping was performed using real-time PCR. Time-to-event analysis was performed to investigate risk factors for progression to excessive GWG. Regardless the type of diet, AT carriers of rs9939609 (FTO) and AA carriers of rs1042713 (ADRB2) had higher risk of earlier exceeding GWG compared to TT (aHR 2.44; CI 95% 1.03–5.78; p = 0.04) and GG (aHR 3.91; CI 95% 1.12–13.70; p = 0.03) genotypes, respectively, as the AG carriers for FTO haplotype rs9939609:rs17817449 compared to TT carriers (aHR 1.79; CI 95% 1.04–3.06; p = 0.02).
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Association of ADIPOQ-rs2241766 and FTO-rs9939609 genetic variants with body mass index trajectory in women of reproductive age over 6 years of follow-up: the PREDI study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:159-172. [PMID: 33850313 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00911-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interindividual variations in body mass index (BMI) can be partially explained by genetic differences. We aimed to examine the association of the ADIPOQ-rs2241766, LEP-rs7799039 and FTO-rs9939609 genetic variants with BMI trajectory in women of reproductive age over 6 years of follow-up. METHODS This was a prospective study that used data from 435 women of the PREDI Study conducted in Brazil. Socioeconomic, biological and anthropometric data were collected at four time points: 2012 (baseline) in the maternity hospital, and 2013-14, 2016-17 and 2018 (1st, 2nd and 3rd follow-ups) at the participant's home. Genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP. Linear mixed-effect and Poisson regression models were used to address the association of ADIPOQ, LEP and FTO genotypes with BMI and overweight/obesity status. RESULTS Women carrying the risk allele (TA or AA) of the FTO-rs9939609 genetic variant had a 1.16 kg/m2 higher BMI over the follow-up period than those carrying the wild-type genotype (TT), even when adjusted for potential confounders (95% CI: 0.23-2.10, p = 0.015). The risk of obesity associated with the FTO-TA or AA genotype decreased over the years, demonstrating an influence of time on its trajectory (IRR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98-0.99, p = 0.016). There was no variation in BMI trajectories for the ADIPOQ-rs2241766, LEP-rs7799039 or FTO-rs9939609 genetic variant. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that monitoring women of reproductive age with ADIPOQ-rs2241766 TG/GG or FTO-rs9939609 TA/AA genotypes may be an important strategy to reduce maternal excess body weight and, consequently, the long-term public health burden of obesity.
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Adiponectin and leptin gene variants and their effects on body weight trajectories in children from birth to 6 years of age: the PREDI Study. Br J Nutr 2020; 125:241-250. [PMID: 32693844 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520002780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Excess body weight confers a high risk to human health. Body weight variation between subjects can be partially explained by genetic differences. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of genetic variants in the ADIPOQ (rs2241766) and LEP (rs7799039) genes with body weight trajectories in children from birth to 6 years of age. This was a prospective cohort (PREDI Study). Socio-economic, biological and anthropometric data were collected at four time points: at birth in the maternity unit; 1-2, 4-5 and 6 years old at the participants' homes. Genotyping was performed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Poisson regression and linear mixed-effect regression models were used to address the association of ADIPOQ and LEP genotypes with BMI. Excessive body weight at pre-pregnancy (β = 0·339, P = 0·01) and excessive gestational weight gain (β = 0·51, P < 0·001) were associated with children's BMI trajectory from birth to 6 years. The ADIPOQ-rs2241766 TG or GG genotype was associated with a higher risk of excess body weight in the first 6 years of life (both sexes relative risk 1·25, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·56; female relative risk 1·67, 95 % CI 1·20, 2·31). BMI increased over the years according to the presence of the TG or GG genotype (β = 0·01, 95 % CI 0·01, 0·02), particularly in females (β = 0·02, 95 % CI 0·01, 0·04). The ADIPOQ-rs2241766 TG and GG genotypes increased the risk of excess body weight in children from birth to 6 years of age and had a positive effect on body weight trajectories in girls. The LEP-rs7799039 genetic variant was not associated with body weight trajectory in children.
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