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Takala J, Descatha A, Oppliger A, Hamzaoui H, Bråkenhielm C, Neupane S. Global Estimates on Biological Risks at Work. Saf Health Work 2023; 14:390-397. [PMID: 38187195 PMCID: PMC10770103 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Biological risks are a major global problem in the workplace. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for a more comprehensive understanding of the biological risks at work. This study presents data on both communicable infectious biological agents and noncommunicable factors leading to death and disability for the year 2021. Methods We followed the methodology established by the International Labour Organization (ILO) in their past global estimates on occupational accidents and work-related diseases. We used relevant ILO estimates for hazardous substances and related population attributable fractions derived from literature, which were then applied to World Health Organization mortality data. The communicable diseases included in the estimates were tuberculosis, pneumococcal diseases, malaria, diarrheal diseases, other infectious diseases, neglected tropical diseases, influenza associated respiratory diseases and COVID-19. Noncommunicable diseases and injuries considered were Chronic Obstructive Diseases (COPD) due to organic dusts, asthma, allergic reactions and risks related to animal contact. We estimated death attributable to biological risk at work and disability in terms of disability adjusted life years (DALYs). Results We estimated that in 2022, 550,819 deaths were caused by biological risk factors, with 476,000 deaths attributed to communicable infectious diseases and 74,000 deaths caused by noncommunicable factors. Among these, there were 223,650 deaths attributed to COVID-19 at work. We calculated the rate of 584 DALYs per 100,000 workers, representing an 11% increase from the previous estimate of the global burden of work-related disabilities measured by DALYs. Conclusion This is a first update since previous 2007 ILO estimates, which has now increased by 74% and covers most biological risks factors. However, it is important to note that there may be other diseases and deaths are missing from the data, which need to be included when new information becomes available. It is also worth mentioning that while deaths caused by major communicable diseases including COVID-19 are relatively rare within the working population, absences from work due to these diseases are likely to be very common within the active workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Takala
- Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Alexis Descatha
- Univ Angers, CHU Angers, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR_S 1085, IRSET-ESTER, SFR ICAT, CAPTV CDC, Angers, France
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Hofstra, Northwell, USA
| | - A. Oppliger
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Unisanté, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - H. Hamzaoui
- Labour Administration, Inspection and Occupational Safety and Health Branch, International Labour Office, ILO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Bråkenhielm
- Formerly Occupational Safety and Health Coordinator, International Labour Standards Department, International Labour Office, ILO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Subas Neupane
- Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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Lax MB, Zoeckler JM. Occupational Disease in New York State: An Update. New Solut 2023; 32:304-323. [PMID: 36799954 DOI: 10.1177/10482911231152896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
An assessment of occupational disease in New York State was undertaken that partially replicated and expanded earlier work from 1987. Utilizing an expanded conception of occupational disease, the assessment used a variety of data sources and methods to provide estimates of mortality and morbidity of occupational disease; workers exposed to specific workplace hazards; disparities in occupational disease among racial/ethnic groups and gender; costs and distribution of costs of occupational disease; and accessible occupational medical resources. Examples of the pathways work may impact health in some of the major health issues of current import including stress-related health conditions; substance use; and overweight/obesity were included. The report contains recommendations for addressing the problem of occupational disease in New York State and advocates for the convening of a statewide group to develop an occupational disease prevention agenda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Lax
- Occupational Health Clinical Center, Department of Family Medicine State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Jeanette M Zoeckler
- Occupational Health Clinical Center, Department of Family Medicine State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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Massari S, Malpassuti VC, Binazzi A, Paris L, Gariazzo C, Marinaccio A. Occupational Mortality Matrix: A Tool for Epidemiological Assessment of Work-Related Risk Based on Current Data Sources. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:5652. [PMID: 35565047 PMCID: PMC9104125 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mortality from occupational diseases significantly afflicts society, in terms of both economic costs and human suffering. The International Labour Organization (ILO) estimated that 2.4 million workers die from work-related diseases every year. In Europe, around 80,000 workers die from cancer attributed to occupational exposure to carcinogens. This study developed the Occupational Mortality Matrix (OMM) aimed to identify significant associations between causes of death and occupational sectors through an individual record linkage between mortality data and the administrative archive of occupational histories. The study population consisted of 6,433,492 deceased subjects in Italy (in the period 2005-2015), of which 2,723,152 records of work histories were retrieved (42%). The proportional mortality ratio (PMR) was estimated to investigate the excess of mortality for specific causes associated with occupational sectors. Higher PMRs were reported for traditionally risky occupations such as shipbuilding for mesothelioma cases (PMR: 8.15; 95% CI: 7.28-9.13) and leather production for sino-nasal cancer (PMR: 5.04; 95% CI: 3.54-7.19), as well as for unexpected risks such as male breast cancer in the pharmaceutical industry (PMR: 2.56; 95% CI: 1.33-4.93) and brain cancer in railways (PMR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.24-1.66). The OMM proved to be a valid tool for research studies to generate hypotheses about the occupational etiology of diseases, and to monitor and support priority actions for risk reduction in workplaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Massari
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work (INAIL), 00143 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (L.P.); (C.G.); (A.M.)
| | | | - Alessandra Binazzi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work (INAIL), 00143 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (L.P.); (C.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Lorena Paris
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work (INAIL), 00143 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (L.P.); (C.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Claudio Gariazzo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work (INAIL), 00143 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (L.P.); (C.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Alessandro Marinaccio
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work (INAIL), 00143 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (L.P.); (C.G.); (A.M.)
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Robinson N, Jaradat N. Is there a simple, quick, and inexpensive method available for in vitro testing of potential herbal products: Anti-obesity and antidiabetic activity of Coleus schinzii? Eur J Integr Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2021.101377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Molina-Guzmán LP, Ríos-Osorio LA. Occupational health and safety in agriculture. A systematic review. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA 2020. [DOI: 10.15446/revfacmed.v68n4.76519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The prevalence of occupational diseases in the agricultural sector is higher than in other industries, since agricultural workers are at higher risk of exposure to different chemicals and pesticides, and are more prone to occupational accidents.Objective: To conduct a review of recent literature on occupational health and risk in agriculture.Materials and methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, SciencieDirect and Scopus using the following search strategy: type of articles: original research papers; language: English; publication period: 2006-2016; search terms: "agricultural health", "agrarian health", "risk factors", "epidemiology", "causality" and "occupational", used in different combinations ("AND" and "OR").Results: The search yielded 350 articles, of which 102 met the inclusion criteria. Moreover, 5 articles were found in grey literature sources and included in the final analysis. Most research on this topic has been conducted in the United States, which produced 91% (97/107) of the articles included.Conclusions: Most studies on health and safety in agriculture focused primarily on the harmful effects of occupational exposure to agrochemicals and pesticides, and the consequences of occupational accidents. However, since more than 90% of these studies come from the United States, a more comprehensive approach to health in agriculture is required, since what is reported here may be far from the reality of other regions, especially Latin America.
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Montano D. A Systemic Organizational Change Model in Occupational Health Management. JOURNAL OF CHANGE MANAGEMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/14697017.2018.1526818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Montano
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Leadership Personality Center Ulm (LPCU), Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Alhazmi RA, Parker RD, Wen S. Needlestick Injuries Among Emergency Medical Services Providers in Urban and Rural Areas. J Community Health 2018; 43:518-523. [PMID: 29129032 PMCID: PMC5924455 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-017-0446-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Through this study, we assessed the knowledge of EMS providers regarding needle stick injuries (NSIs) and examined differences by demographics. This cross-sectional study used a random sample of certified EMS providers in West Virginia. The survey consists of three sections: socio-demographic characteristics, whether or not got NSIs in the past 12 months, whether or not received needle stick training before. A total of 248 out of 522 (47.31%) EMS providers completed the survey. The majority of EMS providers (81.99%, n = 202) reported no NSI ever and 18.21% (n = 45) had at least one NSI within past 12 months. Chi square test was used and there was a statistically significant association between NSI occurrence and age (P < 0.01); certification level (P = 0.0005); and years of experience (P < 0.0001). Stratification methods were used and there was high varying proportion in NSIs between urban areas (38.50%) and rural areas (14.70%) among females (OR 0.28, CI 0.075-1.02, P = 0.05). Our survey of NSIs among EMS providers found that older, more highly certified, and more experienced providers reported higher frequencies of NSIs. Female EMS providers are more prone to NSIs in urban areas compared to women in rural areas. The results indicate a need to further examine NSIs and provide information regarding the safety precautions among urban and rural EMS providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyadh A Alhazmi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, P. O. Box 9190, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
| | - R David Parker
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Sijin Wen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Suraweera IK, Wijesinghe SD, Senanayake SJ, Herath HDB, Jayalal TBA. Occupational health issues in small-scale industries in Sri Lanka: An underreported burden. Work 2016; 55:263-269. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-162397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Inoka K. Suraweera
- Environmental and Occupational Health Unit, Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka
| | - Supun D. Wijesinghe
- Monash Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Hema D. B. Herath
- Environmental and Occupational Health Unit, Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka
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Vangelova K, Dimitrova I. Asbestos exposure and mesothelioma incidence and mortality in Bulgaria. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2016; 31:203-209. [PMID: 27180335 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2016-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bulgaria totally banned the import, production and use of asbestos in 2005, but produced and used asbestos products during the last 3-4 decades of the 20th century. The aim of this study was to follow the incidence and mortality of mesothelioma in Bulgaria in relation to past occupational exposures. A literature search between 1960 and 2014 was conducted to obtain information on asbestos consumption, occupational exposure and asbestos-related diseases (ARDs). Data on registered mesotheliomas were provided by the National Cancer Register and data for recognized occupational ARDs were provided by the National Social Security Institute. An increase in the incidence of mesothelioma from 5 to 58 from 1993 to 2013, with 666 cases in the 21-year period, was registered. Incidence, mortality rates, deaths and male-to-female ratios and were lower in comparison to industrialized countries. The increase in mesothelioma incidence is considered as a consequence of more recent production and use of asbestos and asbestos products and the high occupational exposure between 1977 and 1989, while the lower rate of mesothelioma deaths and male-to-female ratio need to be investigated further.
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Mekkodathil A, El-Menyar A, Al-Thani H. Occupational injuries in workers from different ethnicities. Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci 2016; 6:25-32. [PMID: 27051619 PMCID: PMC4795358 DOI: 10.4103/2229-5151.177365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Occupational injuries remain an important unresolved issue in many of the developing and developed countries. We aimed to outline the causes, characteristics, measures and impact of occupational injuries among different ethnicities. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed the literatures using PUBMED, MEDLINE, Google Scholar and EMBASE search engine using words: "Occupational injuries" and "workplace" between 1984 and 2014. RESULTS Incidence of fatal occupational injuries decreased over time in many countries. However, it increased in the migrant, foreign born and ethnic minority workers in certain high risk industries. Disproportionate representations of those groups in different industries resulted in wide range of fatality rates. CONCLUSIONS Overrepresentation of migrant workers, foreign born and ethnic minorities in high risk and unskilled occupations warrants effective safety training programs and enforcement of laws to assure safe workplaces. The burden of occupational injuries at the individual and community levels urges the development and implementation of effective preventive programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahammed Mekkodathil
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Research, Trauma Section, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ayman El-Menyar
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Research, Trauma Section, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar; Department of Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
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Bhardwaj M, Arteta M, Batmunkh T, Briceno Leonardo L, Caraballo Y, Carvalho D, Dan W, Erdogan S, Brborovic H, Gudrun K, Ilse U, Ingle GK, Joshi SK, Kishore J, Khan Z, Retneswari M, Menses C, Moraga D, Njan A, Okonkwo FO, Ozlem K, Ravichandran S, Rosales J, Rybacki M, Sainnyambuu M, Shathanapriya K, Radon K. Attitude of medical students towards occupational safety and health: a multi-national study. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE 2015; 6:7-19. [PMID: 25588221 PMCID: PMC6977061 DOI: 10.15171/ijoem.2015.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Work-related diseases contribute immensely to the global burden of diseases. Better understanding of attitudes of health care workers towards occupational safety and health (OSH) is important for planning. OBJECTIVE To assess the attitude of medical students towards OSH around the globe. METHODS A questionnaire assessing the attitude towards OSH was administered to medical and paramedical students of 21 Medical Universities across the globe. In the current study 1895 students, aged 18-36 years, from 17 countries were included. After having performed a principal components analysis, the associations of interest between the identified components and other socio demographic characteristics were assessed by multivariate linear regression. RESULTS Principal component analysis revealed 3 components. Students from lower and lower-middle-income countries had a more positive attitude towards OSH, but the importance of OSH was still rated higher by students from upper-income countries. Although students from Asian and African continents showed high interest for OSH, European and South-Central American students comparatively rated importance of OSH to be higher. Paramedical students had more positive attitude towards OSH than medical students. CONCLUSION The attitude of students from lower-income and lower-middle-income towards importance of OSH is negative. This attitude could be changed by recommending modifications to OSH courses that reflect the importance of OSH. Since paramedical students showed more interest in OSH than medical students, modifications in existing health care system with major role of paramedics in OSH service delivery is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bhardwaj
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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AL-Abdallat EM, Oqailan AMA, Al Ali R, Hudaib AA, Salameh GA. Occupational fatalities in Jordan. J Forensic Leg Med 2015; 29:25-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Takala J, Hämäläinen P, Saarela KL, Yun LY, Manickam K, Jin TW, Heng P, Tjong C, Kheng LG, Lim S, Lin GS. Global estimates of the burden of injury and illness at work in 2012. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2014; 11:326-37. [PMID: 24219404 PMCID: PMC4003859 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2013.863131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the present indicators, trends, and recent solutions and strategies to tackle major global and country problems in safety and health at work. The article is based on the Yant Award Lecture of the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) at its 2013 Congress. We reviewed employment figures, mortality rates, occupational burden of disease and injuries, reported accidents, surveys on self-reported occupational illnesses and injuries, attributable fractions, national economic cost estimates of work-related injuries and ill health, and the most recent information on the problems from published papers, documents, and electronic data sources of international and regional organizations, in particular the International Labor Organization (ILO), World Health Organization (WHO), and European Union (EU), institutions, agencies, and public websites. We identified and analyzed successful solutions, programs, and strategies to reduce the work-related negative outcomes at various levels. Work-related illnesses that have a long latency period and are linked to ageing are clearly on the increase, while the number of occupational injuries has gone down in industrialized countries thanks to both better prevention and structural changes. We have estimated that globally there are 2.3 million deaths annually for reasons attributed to work. The biggest component is linked to work-related diseases, 2.0 million, and 0.3 million linked to occupational injuries. However, the division of these two factors varies depending on the level of development. In industrialized countries the share of deaths caused by occupational injuries and work-related communicable diseases is very low while non-communicable diseases are the overwhelming causes in those countries. Economic costs of work-related injury and illness vary between 1.8 and 6.0% of GDP in country estimates, the average being 4% according to the ILO. Singapore's economic costs were estimated to be equivalent to 3.2% of GDP based on a preliminary study. If economic losses would take into account involuntary early retirement then costs may be considerably higher, for example, in Finland up to 15% of GDP, while this estimate covers various disorders where work and working conditions may be just one factor of many or where work may aggravate the disease, injury, or disorders, such as traffic injuries, mental disorders, alcoholism, and genetically induced problems. Workplace health promotion, services, and safety and health management, however, may have a major preventive impact on those as well. Leadership and management at all levels, and engagement of workers are key issues in changing the workplace culture. Vision Zero is a useful concept and philosophy in gradually eliminating any harm at work. Legal and enforcement measures that themselves support companies and organizations need to be supplemented with economic justification and convincing arguments to reduce corner-cutting in risk management, and to avoid short- and long-term disabilities, premature retirement, and corporate closures due to mismanagement and poor and unsustainable work life. We consider that a new paradigm is needed where good work is not just considered a daily activity. We need to foster stable conditions and circumstances and sustainable work life where the objective is to maintain your health and work ability beyond the legal retirement age. We need safe and healthy work, for life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Takala
- Workplace Safety and Health Institute, Singapore
- Address correspondence to: J. Takala, Workplace Safety and Health Institute, 1500 Bendemeer Road #04-01, Ministry of Manpower Services Centre 339946, Singapore; e-mail: jukka
| | | | | | | | | | - Tan Wee Jin
- Workplace Safety and Health Institute, Singapore
| | - Peggy Heng
- Workplace Safety and Health Institute, Singapore
| | - Caleb Tjong
- Workplace Safety and Health Institute, Singapore
| | | | - Samuel Lim
- Workplace Safety and Health Institute, Singapore
| | - Gan Siok Lin
- Workplace Safety and Health Institute, Singapore
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Mohammadfam I, Nikoomaram H. RETRACTED: FTA vs. Tripod-Beta, which seems better for the analysis of major accidents in process industries? J Loss Prev Process Ind 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sorensen G, Landsbergis P, Hammer L, Amick BC, Linnan L, Yancey A, Welch LS, Goetzel RZ, Flannery KM, Pratt C. Preventing chronic disease in the workplace: a workshop report and recommendations. Am J Public Health 2011; 101 Suppl 1:S196-207. [PMID: 21778485 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2010.300075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Chronic disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. Risk factors and work conditions can be addressed through health promotion aimed at improving individual health behaviors; health protection, including occupational safety and health interventions; and efforts to support the work-family interface. Responding to the need to address chronic disease at worksites, the National Institutes of Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention convened a workshop to identify research priorities to advance knowledge and implementation of effective strategies to reduce chronic disease risk. Workshop participants outlined a conceptual framework and corresponding research agenda to address chronic disease prevention by integrating health promotion and health protection in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glorian Sorensen
- Harvard School of Public Health and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Workers' compensation insurance and occupational injuries. Saf Health Work 2011; 2:148-57. [PMID: 22953197 PMCID: PMC3431898 DOI: 10.5491/shaw.2011.2.2.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Although compensation for occupational injuries and diseases is guaranteed in almost all nations, countries vary greatly with respect to how they organize workers' compensation systems. In this paper, we focus on three aspects of workers' compensation insurance in Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries - types of systems, employers' funding mechanisms, and coverage for injured workers - and their impacts on the actual frequencies of occupational injuries and diseases. Methods We estimated a panel data fixed effect model with cross-country OECD and International Labor Organization data. We controlled for country fixed effects, relevant aggregate variables, and dummy variables representing the occupational accidents data source. Results First, the use of a private insurance system is found to lower the occupational accidents. Second, the use of risk-based pricing for the payment of employer raises the occupational injuries and diseases. Finally, the wider the coverage of injured workers is, the less frequent the workplace accidents are. Conclusion Private insurance system, fixed flat rate employers' funding mechanism, and higher coverage of compensation scheme are significantly and positively correlated with lower level of occupational accidents compared with the public insurance system, risk-based funding system, and lower coverage of compensation scheme.
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Konstantinidis A, Talving P, Kobayashi L, Barmparas G, Plurad D, Lam L, Inaba K, Demetriades D. Work-Related Injuries: Injury Characteristics, Survival, and Age Effect. Am Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/000313481107700624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Work-related injuries impose a significant burden on society. The goal of this study was to delineate the epidemiology and the effect of age on type and mortality after occupational injuries. Patients 16 years of age or older sustaining work-related injuries were identified from the National Trauma Databank 12.0. The study population was stratified into four age groups: 16 to 35, 36 to 55, 56 to 65, and older than 65 years old. The demographic characteristics, type of injury, mechanism of injury, setting of injury, use of alcohol or other illicit drugs, and mortality were analyzed and related to age strata. Overall 67,658 patients were identified. There were 27,125 (40.1%) patients in the age group 16 to 35 years, 30,090 (44.5%) in the group 36 to 55 years, 6,618 (9.8%) in the group 56 to 65 years, and 3,825 (5.7%) older than 65 years. The injury severity increased significantly with age. Elderly patients were significantly more likely to sustain intracranial hemorrhages, spinal, and other skeletal injuries. The overall mortality was 2.9 per cent (1938) with the latter increasing significantly in a stepwise fashion with progressing age, becoming sixfold higher in patients older than 65 years (OR, 6.18; 95% CI, 4.78 to 7.80; P < 0.001). Our examination illustrates the associations between occupational injury and significant mortality that warrant intervention for mortality reduction. There is a stepwise-adjusted increase in mortality with progressing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathoklis Konstantinidis
- Division of Acute Care Surgery (Trauma, Emergency Surgery and Surgical Critical Care) Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Peep Talving
- Division of Acute Care Surgery (Trauma, Emergency Surgery and Surgical Critical Care) Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Leslie Kobayashi
- Division of Acute Care Surgery (Trauma, Emergency Surgery and Surgical Critical Care) Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Galinos Barmparas
- Division of Acute Care Surgery (Trauma, Emergency Surgery and Surgical Critical Care) Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - David Plurad
- Division of Acute Care Surgery (Trauma, Emergency Surgery and Surgical Critical Care) Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lydia Lam
- Division of Acute Care Surgery (Trauma, Emergency Surgery and Surgical Critical Care) Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kenji Inaba
- Division of Acute Care Surgery (Trauma, Emergency Surgery and Surgical Critical Care) Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Demetrios Demetriades
- Division of Acute Care Surgery (Trauma, Emergency Surgery and Surgical Critical Care) Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Russ P, Strümpell S, Carvalho D, Zander S, Smits P, Nowak D, Radon K. Compulsory teaching of occupational health: impact on attitude of medical students in Brazil and Germany. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2011; 85:81-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-011-0639-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Aasland OG, Hem E, Haldorsen T, Ekeberg Ø. Mortality among Norwegian doctors 1960-2000. BMC Public Health 2011; 11:173. [PMID: 21426552 PMCID: PMC3070654 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study the mortality pattern of Norwegian doctors, people in human service occupations, other graduates and the general population during the period 1960-2000 by decade, gender and age. The total number of deaths in the study population was 1 583 559. METHODS Census data from 1960, 1970, 1980 and 1990 relating to education were linked to data on 14 main causes of death from Statistics Norway, followed up for two five-year periods after census, and analyzed as stratified incidence-rate data. Mortality rate ratios were computed as combined Mantel-Haenzel estimates for each sex, adjusting for both age and period when appropriate. RESULTS The doctors had a lower mortality rate than the general population for all causes of death except suicide. The mortality rate ratios for other graduates and human service occupations were 0.7-0.8 compared with the general population. However, doctors have a higher mortality than other graduates. The lowest estimates of mortality for doctors were for endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases, diseases in the urogenital tract or genitalia, digestive diseases and sudden death, for which the numbers were nearly half of those for the general population. The differences in mortality between doctors and the general population increased during the periods. CONCLUSIONS Between 1960 and 2000 mortality for doctors converged towards the mortality for other university graduates and for people in human service occupations. However, there was a parallel increase in the gap between these groups and the rest of the population. The slightly higher mortality for doctors compared with mortality for other university graduates may be explained by the higher suicide rate for doctors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf G Aasland
- The Research Institute, Norwegian Medical Association, Oslo, Norway.
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Roohafza H, Ramezani M, Sadeghi M, Shahnam M, Zolfagari B, Sarafzadegan N. Development and validation of the stressful life event questionnaire. Int J Public Health 2011; 56:441-8. [PMID: 21327856 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-011-0232-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluates the development of the stressful life event (SLE) questionnaire and tests the validity and reliability of it. METHOD In total, 3,951 adults aged over 18 years completed the SLE questionnaire. The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) was used to further validate the SLE questionnaire. RESULTS Eleven domains, including home life, financial problems, social relation, personal conflict, job conflict, educational concerns, job security, loss and separation, sexual life, daily life, and health concerns were obtained by factor analysis. Correlation coefficient was moderately significant among domains of the SLE questionnaire and moderately between the SLE questionnaire and GHQ-12 score, as well. The results of the discriminate validity analysis were promising. In addition, standardized Cronbach'-α was 92%. CONCLUSION The resultant SLE questionnaire is, therefore, suggested to be potential for the stress measurement in both community and primary care setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Roohafza
- Mental Health Department, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center (WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training in Cardiovascular Diseases Control), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
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Benach J, Muntaner C, Solar O, Santana V, Quinlan M. Introduction to the WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health Employment Conditions Network (EMCONET) study, with a glossary on employment relations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH SERVICES 2010; 40:195-207. [PMID: 20440964 DOI: 10.2190/hs.40.2.a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although the conditions and power relations of employment are known to be crucial health determinants for workers and their families, the nature of these relations and their effects on health have yet to be fully researched. Several types of employment--precarious employment in developed countries; informal sectors, child labor, slavery, and bonded labor in developing countries--expose workers to risky working conditions. Hazardous work and occupation-related diseases kill approximately 1,500 workers, globally, every day. Growing scientific evidence suggests that particular employment conditions, such as job insecurity and precarious employment, create adverse health effects; yet the limited number of studies and the poor quality of their methods prevent our understanding, globally, the complexity of employer-employee power relations, working conditions, levels of social protections, and the reality of employment-related health inequalities. This article introduces a special section on employment-related health inequalities, derived from the EMCONET approach, which focuses on (1) describing major methods and sources of information; (2) presenting theoretical models at the micro and macro levels; (3) presenting a typology of labor markets and welfare states worldwide; (4) describing the main findings in employment policies, including four key points for implementing strategies; and (5) suggesting new research developments, a policy agenda, and recommendations. This introduction includes a glossary of terms in the emerging area of employment conditions and health inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Benach
- Health Inequalities Research Group, Employment Conditions Network, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Hämäläinen P, Leena Saarela K, Takala J. Global trend according to estimated number of occupational accidents and fatal work-related diseases at region and country level. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2009; 40:125-139. [PMID: 19433205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2008.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2008] [Revised: 09/11/2008] [Accepted: 12/10/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although occupational accidents and work-related diseases have been of interest for a long time, due to lack of proper recording and notification systems the official numbers of occupational accidents and work-related diseases are missing for many countries. Presently, the demand for effectiveness and an interest in the economic aspects of accidents have increased prevention activities at company and country levels. METHODS Occupational accident data of selected countries and of World Health Organization regional divisions together with the global burden of disease were used in estimating global occupational accidents and fatal work-related diseases. The trend of global occupational accidents and work-related diseases is presented at region and country levels. The years 1998, 2001, and 2003 are compared in the case of occupational accidents and the years 2000 and 2002 in the case of work-related diseases. RESULTS The total number of occupational accidents and fatal work-related diseases has increased, but the fatality rates per 100,000 workers have decreased. There were almost 360,000 fatal occupational accidents in 2003 and almost 2 million fatal work-related diseases in 2002. Every day more than 960,000 workers get hurt because of accidents. Each day 5,330 people die because of work-related diseases. CONCLUSIONS Information on occupational accidents and work-related diseases is needed so that countries may understand better the importance of occupational health and safety at country and company level. Especially companies in developing countries are not familiar with occupational safety and health. Statistical data is essential for accident prevention; it is a starting point for the safety work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Päivi Hämäläinen
- Tampere University of Technology, Center for Safety Management and Engineering, PO Box 541, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland.
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Smith PM, Kosny AA, Mustard CA. Differences in access to wage replacement benefits for absences due to work-related injury or illness in Canada. Am J Ind Med 2009; 52:341-9. [PMID: 19152354 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.20683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this article is to examine the factors associated with differences in access to income replacement benefits for workers experiencing a work-related injury or illness of 1-week or longer in the Canadian labor force. METHODS This study utilized data from the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, a representative longitudinal survey conducted by Statistics Canada. A total of 3,352 work-related absences were identified. Logistic regression models examined factors at the individual, occupational, and geographic level that were associated with the probability of receiving compensation. RESULTS The probability of not receiving employer or workers' compensation benefits was higher among women, immigrants in their first 10 years in Canada, younger workers, respondents who were in their first year of a job, those who were not members of a union or collective bargaining agreement, and part-time workers. CONCLUSIONS More research is required to understand why almost 50% of respondents with 1-week or longer work-related absences did not report receiving workers' compensation payments following their absence. More importantly, research is required to understand why particular groups of workers are more likely to be excluded from any type of compensation for lost earnings after a work-related injury and illness in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Smith
- Institute For Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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