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Wang TH, Chien SY, Cheng WJ, Huang YW, Wang SH, Huang WL, Tzeng YL, Hsu CC, Wu CS. Associations of early retirement and mortality risk: a population-based study in Taiwan. J Epidemiol Community Health 2024; 78:522-528. [PMID: 38768983 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2024-222075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early retirement is highly prevalent in Taiwan. This study assesses the association between early retirement and all-cause and cause-specific mortality risks while exploring the modifying effect of sociodemographic factors. METHODS Using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database between 2009 and 2019, 1 762 621 early retirees aged 45-64 and an equal number of employed comparators were included. The date and cause of death were identified using the National Death Registry. Cox regression models were used to estimate HRs of early retirement for all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality. To explore modifying effects, we conducted subgroup analyses based on age groups, sexes, occupation types and general health status (Charlson Comorbid Index score). RESULTS The analysis revealed that early retirees, compared with their concurrently employed counterparts, had a higher mortality risk (adjusted HR (aHR) 1.69, 95% CI (1.67 to 1.71)). Specifically, younger individuals (aged 45-54) (aHR 2.74 (95% CI 2.68 to 2.80)), males (aHR 1.78 (95% CI 1.76 to 1.81)), those in farming or fishing occupations (aHR 2.13 (95% CI 2.06 to 2.21)) or the private sector (aHR 1.92 (95% CI 1.89 to 1.96)), and those with the poorest health conditions (aHR 1.79 (95% CI 1.76 to 1.83)) had higher mortality risks of early retirement. Regarding specific causes of death, the top three highest risks were associated with gastrointestinal disorders, followed by suicide and neurological disorders. CONCLUSIONS This study underscores the substantial mortality risk increase linked to early retirement, emphasising the importance of policy considerations, particularly regarding vulnerable populations and specific causes of death potentially linked to unhealthy lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsui-Hung Wang
- National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Yun Chien
- School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Wan-Ju Cheng
- National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Huang
- National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Heng Wang
- National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lieh Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Douliou, Yunlin, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Tzeng
- School of Nursing, China Medical University College of Medicine, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Hsu
- Department of Family Medicine, Min Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Shin Wu
- National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Douliou, Yunlin, Taiwan
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Qi Y, Zhang B, Yang H. Associations between body mass index and all-cause and CVD mortality in agriculture, forestry, and fishing occupations: A prospective cohort study using NHANES data (1999-2014). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305922. [PMID: 38976691 PMCID: PMC11230546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity, as indicated by elevated Body Mass Index (BMI), is a well-established global health concern associated with increased morbidity and mortality across diverse populations. However, the influence of BMI on individuals in Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing (AFF) occupations, characterized by unique challenges and environmental factors, has received limited research attention. METHODS Our study, a prospective cohort analysis, utilized National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 1999-2014, targeting adults above 18 in AFF occupations with comprehensive BMI data, omitting individuals with a history of cancer. Mortality outcomes were extracted from the NHANES mortality file, and BMI was segmented into eight categories. Essential covariates such as age, sex, race, and various health factors were incorporated. The statistical analysis encompassed Cox regression, generalized additive models, smooth curve fitting, and stratified analyses. RESULTS During 1,005 person-years with 201 all-cause and 57 CVD deaths, we observed L-shaped and U-shaped correlations of BMI with all-cause and CVD mortality, featuring a pivotal inflection at 26.69 and 27.40 kg/m2. Above this BMI threshold of 26.69 and 27.4 kg/m2, all-cause mortality association was not significant while CVD mortality was positive. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights a unique BMI-mortality association in AFF occupations, diverging from standard patterns. The rigorous labor and environmental conditions in AFF jobs suggest that a certain range of higher BMI could reduce mortality risk. This highlights the necessity for tailored health guidelines in different occupations. Future research should concentrate on diverse health indicators and enhanced risk assessment for physically strenuous occupations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmeng Qi
- International Medical Department, Xidan Campus, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Management and Environmental Microorganism Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Han Yang
- International Medical Department, Xidan Campus, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Knecht H, Balanay JAG, Langley R, Tutor Marcom R, Richards SL. Retrospective Risk Assessment of Injuries and Fatalities in the Forestry and Logging Workforce in the United States, 2003-2019. J Agromedicine 2024; 29:372-383. [PMID: 38445302 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2024.2325708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study on the forestry and logging workforce are to: 1) Analyze causes of injuries/fatalities to inform future intervention studies focused on risk mitigation, 2) determine whether there are any trends or associations between work-related risk factors and workplace injuries/fatalities over a 16-year period (2003-2019), and 3) identify knowledge gaps related to injuries and fatalities for future studies to address. METHODS Data on fatalities, injuries, and illnesses of the forestry and logging workforce from the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics were analyzed. Correlation analysis (p < .05) was conducted to assess the relationship between causes of forestry and logging workforce fatalities by cause of fatality in the United States. Injury and fatality rates were calculated for each year (fatalities: 2003-2018; injuries: 2005-2019) and time span-specific incidence rates were calculated by cause. RESULTS Contact with objects and equipment was the primary cause of injuries and fatalities in the forestry and logging workforce during the study period. Transportation-related incidents ranked second as the cause of fatalities, while the category of falls, slips, and trips was the second leading cause of injuries. CONCLUSION Gaps in occupational health and safety identified by this study should be collaboratively addressed by researchers and the forestry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Knecht
- Department of Public Health, East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Jo Anne G Balanay
- College of Health and Human Performance, Health Education and Promotion, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Ricky Langley
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Robin Tutor Marcom
- NC Agromedicine Institute, East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie L Richards
- College of Health and Human Performance, Health Education and Promotion, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
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Layne LA, Siordia C. Hired crop worker injury risks on farms in the United States during three different periods between 2002 and 2015. Am J Ind Med 2024; 67:224-242. [PMID: 38270234 PMCID: PMC10961608 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hired crop workers have high incidence of work-related injuries, but little has been documented about potential risks at the national level. METHODS Data were obtained from a national probability sample of hired crop workers in the United States (U.S.) during 2002-2004 (period I), 2008-2010 (period II), and 2014-2015 (period III). Multivariable logistic regression models of work-related injury were constructed using an occupational exposure adjustment for weeks worked in the previous year. RESULTS Hired crop workers reporting that their employer did not provide clean drinking water and disposable cups every day were estimated to be at greater odds of injury during all three periods. Having at least some English-speaking ability was associated with increased odds of injury in two periods, while owning a dwelling in the U.S. showed greater injury risk during period II but was associated with lower risk during period III. Other items significantly associated with injury during at least one of the study periods in the final multivariable logistic models included being a direct-hire, a migrant worker, U.S.-born, receiving public aid, and having a health condition. CONCLUSIONS Hired crop workers are an extremely marginalized population of workers in the U.S. Innovative intervention methods must extend beyond traditional occupational models to focus on the overall health of hired crop workers, including increasing healthcare access, ending agricultural exceptionalism to provide equal regulatory protections afforded to workers in other industries, and adequate enforcement of existing regulations. These findings contribute to the understanding of correlates related to increased work-related injury among hired crop workers, and have implications in fields of prevention, intervention, and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry A. Layne
- Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Carlos Siordia
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Office of Program Management and Operations, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Zhang B, Dong X. The unique association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and blood lipid profiles in agriculture, forestry, and fishing occupations: Insights from NHANES 2001-2014. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297873. [PMID: 38412162 PMCID: PMC10898752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship of serum 25(OH)D levels and hyperlipidemia has not been explored in the Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing (AFF) occupation. We aimed to explore the impact of serum 25(OH)D levels on lipid profiles in AFF workers, traffic drivers, and miners. METHODS Data from 3937 adults aged 18-65 years old with completed information were obtained from the National Health and Examination Survey from 2001 to 2014. Multivariate linear regression models were used to examine the associations between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and HDL-C/LDL-C ratio. Subgroup analyses for AFF workers considered age, sex, BMI, work activity, months worked, and alcohol consumption. Non-linear relationships were explored using curve fitting. RESULTS Serum 25(OH)D levels differed between groups (AFF: 60.0 ± 21.3 nmol/L, drivers: 56.6 ± 22.2 nmol/L, miners: 62.8 ± 22.3 nmol/L). Subgroup analysis of the AFF group showed that participants with serum 25(OH)D ≥50 nmol/L, females, and BMI <30 kg/m2 demonstrated improved HDL-C levels correlating with higher serum 25(OH)D. Serum 25(OH)D in AFF workers had a reversed U-shaped relationship with TG and TC, and a U-shaped relationship with HDL-C, with HDL-C, with inflection points at 49.5 nmol/L for TG and TC, and 32.6 nmol/L for HDL-C. CONCLUSIONS Serum 25(OH)D levels are associated with lipid profiles, and the relationship varies among occupational groups. AFF workers, facing unique occupational challenges, may benefit from maintaining adequate serum 25(OH)D levels to mitigate adverse lipid profiles and reduce cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoshan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Management and Environmental Microorganism Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada
| | - Xibin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Management and Environmental Microorganism Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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Lindberg B, Rerucha C, Givens M. Occupational and Environmental Challenges for Women. Curr Sports Med Rep 2023; 22:120-125. [PMID: 37036460 DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000001055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The prevalence of women in the global workforce is increasing. Women increasingly participate in nontraditional employment settings in previously male-dominated industries and manually intensive professions, such as military service, emergency response, health care, aviation, space, agriculture, and technical trades. Limited occupational and environmental hazard data specific to women exist for these work environments. Physiologic and biomechanical differences between sexes create unique workplace challenges specific to women. This article will summarize challenges confronting women working in nontraditional employment and identify strategies to mitigate risk within these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana Lindberg
- National Capital Consortium Primary Care Sports Medicine Fellowship, Fort Belvoir, VA
| | - Caitlyn Rerucha
- National Capital Consortium Primary Care Sports Medicine Fellowship, Fort Belvoir, VA
| | - Melissa Givens
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD
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Soga M, Gaston KJ. The dark side of nature experience: Typology, dynamics and implications of negative sensory interactions with nature. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Soga
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo Bunkyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Kevin J. Gaston
- Environment and Sustainability Institute University of Exeter Penryn UK
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Arcury TA, Smith SA, Talton JW, Quandt SA. The Abysmal Organization of Work and Work Safety Culture Experienced by North Carolina Latinx Women in Farmworker Families. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:4516. [PMID: 35457383 PMCID: PMC9029169 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The occupational health of immigrant workers in the United States is a major concern. This analysis describes two domains, organization of work and work safety culture, important to the occupational health of Latinx women in farmworker families. Sixty-seven Latinx women in North Carolina farmworker families completed a baseline and five follow-up questionnaires in 2019 through 2021. Fifty-nine of the women were employed in the year prior to the Follow-Up 5 Questionnaire. These women experienced an abysmal organization of work and work safety culture. They experienced significant job churn, with most changing employment several times during the 18-month period. Most of their jobs were seasonal, paid less than $10.00 per hour, piece-rate, and almost all without benefits. The women's jobs had little skill variety (mean 1.5) or decision latitude (mean 1.1), but had high psychological demands (mean 2.0). Work safety climate was very low (mean 13.7), with 76.3% of women noting that their supervisors were "only interested in doing the job fast and cheaply" rather than safely. Women employed as farmworkers versus those in other jobs had few differences. Further research and intervention are needed on the organization of work and work safety culture of Latinx women manual workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Arcury
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Sydney A. Smith
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (S.A.S.); (J.W.T.)
| | - Jennifer W. Talton
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (S.A.S.); (J.W.T.)
| | - Sara A. Quandt
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
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Younker T, Radunovich HL. Farmer Mental Health Interventions: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:ijerph19010244. [PMID: 35010504 PMCID: PMC8751007 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of mental health disorders and suicide amongst agricultural producers is a global problem. Community leaders, researchers, policymakers, and clinicians have mobilized to develop programs to address this issue. This study reviewed a wide range of mental health interventions targeting farmer mental health spanning over 50 years and examined their reported effectiveness and constraints. A total of ninety-two articles on farmer mental health were included in a final systematic review. Most articles were written concerning mental health literacy and peer and paraprofessional support interventions in the United States and Australia. Among the 56 studies reporting empirical evaluative data, 21 were mixed-method, 20 quantitative, 11 qualitative, and 5 literature synthesis. Non-experimental, self-reported, and qualitative data suggest efficacy of mental health literacy programs, peer and paraprofessional support, and community-based and agroecological interventions. However, most interventions were not subject to rigorous evaluation and only one intervention was evaluated using a control condition. The heterogeneity of existing studies and paucity of rigorous evaluation proscribes firm conclusions related to program-type efficacy. This review demonstrates that there is still a need for a stronger and broader evidence base in the field of farmer mental health interventions, which should focus on both holistic, multi-component programs and targeted approaches.
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Rey-Merchán MDC, Gómez-de-Gabriel JM, López-Arquillos A, Choi SD. Analysis of Falls from Height Variables in Occupational Accidents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:13417. [PMID: 34949023 PMCID: PMC8705043 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fall-from-height accidents are linked to severe and fatal consequences for impacted workers. A better understanding of the related variables is necessary to improve worker safety. This study analyzed all fall-from-height occupational accidents recorded in Spain from 2009 to 2019, selected significant variables, and evaluated the influence concerning the seriousness of the falls from height. Based on a total of 290,583 fall-from-height accidents, the study shows that a male inexperienced worker in a small company working in a non-habitual workplace is more likely to suffer fatal consequences once the accident happens. An improved knowledge of fall-from-height accidents will improve safety conditions. The workers should be trained and informed about their specific risk depending on the variables analyzed. Safety training should consider more risky profiles. Results from the current study can help identify suitable fall prevention and risk mitigation actions in safety programs for companies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sang D. Choi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Safety and Health, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Wisconsin, WI 53190, USA;
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Whose Jurisdiction Is Home Contamination? Para-Occupational 'Take-Home' Herbicide Residue Exposure Risks among Forestry Workers' Families in South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910341. [PMID: 34639641 PMCID: PMC8507814 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Para-occupational “take-home” exposure risks among forestry workers and their families in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) have not been well characterized. This is a concern because research shows an association between chronic low-dose herbicide exposure and adverse health effects. This study explored take-home herbicide residue exposure risks among forestry workers in the Western Cape, South Africa, through the community-based participatory research approach of photovoice. A key finding of the study was the absence of provisions related to take-home exposure in the national legislation and workplace policies, which largely contributed to poor adherence to risk reduction practices at worksites, in addition to workers transporting residues to their homes. This study demonstrated evidence of the key omissions regarding take-home exposure at the policy level (e.g., recommendations for employers to reduce take-home risks among employees, and training of workers and their families on take-home exposure) and take-home herbicide residue exposure among worker’s families, including children.
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Gautier L, Casseus T, Blanc J, Cloos P. What links can be made from narratives of migration and self-perceived health? A qualitative study with Haitian migrants settling in Quebec after the 2010 Haiti earthquake. J Migr Health 2021; 1-2:100017. [PMID: 34405170 PMCID: PMC8352163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2020.100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In January 2010, Haiti was hit by a terrible earthquake that pushed thousands of people to migrate. Many of them chose to settle in Quebec, Canada. Years after the earthquake, many Haitians continue to migrate to the Quebec province. Several studies however have shown that this population's socioeconomic status is lower than the provincial average. Given the potential multiple stressors that affect Haitian migrants in Quebec, there are concerns about their health status. Located at the intersection of international migration studies and global public health, this paper offers an in-depth qualitative investigation of Haitian migrants' representations of both their situation and self-perceived health in Montreal, Quebec. Our perspective on migrant health was inspired by the World Health Organisation's framework on the social determinants of health and recent studies in the field of migrant health. We collected and analysed qualitative data from 23 key informants (i.e., 12 women and 11 men, aged 21-76 years old) from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. The analysis of the data from these people's narratives revealed the importance of structural determinants such as social position, and intermediate determinants such as living and working conditions. Our analysis also highlighted several interrelations between those determinants. Specifically, participants reported coping with issues related to migration status, income, occupation, language, challenging living and working conditions, and chronic stress. This study also shows that racism and social support each relate to both the structural and intermediate levels of the social determinants of health. The importance of social support brought by relatives, friends, as well as community-based organisations and religious practice, was underscored. Our findings were coherent with available literature looking at the determinants of health of racialized and migrant minorities in other high-income regions of the world. Our conclusive remarks featured reflections on three cross-cutting issues and their practical implications for policy and practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Gautier
- Département de Gestion, d'Évaluation et de Politique de Santé, École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche en santé publique, Université de Montréal et CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Thierry Casseus
- École de travail social, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Judite Blanc
- Department of Population Health, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Patrick Cloos
- École de travail social, et Département de médecine sociale et préventive, École de santé publique de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche en santé publique, Université de Montréal et CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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Sexsmith K, Palacios EE, Gorgo-Gourovitch M, Huerta Arredondo IA. Latino/a Farmworkers' Concerns about Safety and Health in the Pennsylvania Mushroom Industry. J Agromedicine 2021; 27:169-182. [PMID: 34098862 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2021.1935374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to analyze Latino/a immigrant mushroom workers' perceptions of how the workplace environment shapes occupational safety and health, examine whether and how those perceptions differ by gender, and identify future areas for research on occupational safety and health in the mushroom industry. Researchers conducted structured interviews with 15 women and 45 men on 6 Pennsylvania mushroom farms to obtain their descriptions and perspectives of safety and health risk factors in their workplaces. Approximately one third of respondents had suffered an injury at work, and nearly half felt that there are workplace factors that affect their health and safety. The study found that Latino/a mushroom farmworkers perceive risks that are posed by the indoor infrastructure of mushroom production houses, including poorly maintained wooden walkways and cool indoor temperatures, and by the organization of mushroom production work, including the application of chemicals including pesticides, physical demands of the job, use of small knives, contact with compost, and the piece rate payment system. Workers commonly discussed back pain and believed it was associated with the organization of work. Women in the sample were more likely to be concerned about slips and falls than men and less likely to be concerned about aches and pains. Mushroom farm infrastructure and the specific demands of the jobs pose occupational safety and health risks to Latino/a farmworkers that merit further study to develop adequate public health interventions. Future research should obtain gender-disaggregated objective reports of injury, aches and pains, and discomfort and test for relationships between these reports and the indoor infrastructure and conditions of mushroom production work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Sexsmith
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Sociology, and Education, The Pennsylvania State University, USA
| | - Effie E Palacios
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Sociology, and Education, The Pennsylvania State University, USA
| | | | - Ilse A Huerta Arredondo
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Sociology, and Education, The Pennsylvania State University, USA
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Allan BA, Autin KL, Wilkins-Yel KG. Precarious work in the 21st century: A psychological perspective. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2020.103491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Smith D, Mutic A, Mac VVT, Hertzberg VS, McCauley LA. Analyzing the predictors of health care utilization in the agricultural worker population using decision tree analysis: Does language matter? Public Health Nurs 2020; 38:56-63. [PMID: 33107059 DOI: 10.1111/phn.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the predictors of health care utilization among respondents to the National Agricultural Worker Survey. Specifically, we hypothesized that English proficiency would predict utilization of health care services within the last 2 years. METHODS Using the 2015-2016 National Agricultural Worker Survey, we performed a secondary data analysis to analyze the predictors of health care utilization within the last 2 years in the United States' agricultural worker population. Data were cleaned and analyzed using decision tree analysis, which produced a classification tree model that was trained on 90% of the data and validated on 10%. RESULTS Exposure to English was not a predictor of health care utilization in our classification tree. The first major partition that predicted utilization was insurance status. Additional partitions were on age, gender, hypertension diagnosis, and public aid. CONCLUSIONS By partitioning on insurance status and use of public aid, the decision tree provided evidence that systemic factors are key determinants of health care utilization in the agricultural worker community. This highlights the importance of agencies that connect agricultural workers with resources that provide insurance and improve access to health care. This is especially important given that agricultural workers are one of the highest risk groups for occupational injury or death in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Smith
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Abby Mutic
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Valerie V T Mac
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vicki S Hertzberg
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Linda A McCauley
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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16
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Nørgaard Remmen L, Fromsejer Heiberg R, Høyrup Christiansen D, Herttua K, Berg-Beckhoff G. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among occupational fishermen: a systematic literature review. Occup Environ Med 2020; 78:oemed-2020-106675. [PMID: 33023968 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2020-106675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Commercial fishing constitutes an increased risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD), as it consists of heavy workloads and uncontrollable strenuous settings. The aims of this systematic review were to describe the prevalence of MSD among occupational fishermen and to identify risk factors for onset work-related MSD. METHODS All studies investigating MSD in occupational fishermen were systematically identified and reviewed. Searched databases were PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL. Two independent researchers performed the quality assessments of the studies. RESULTS From 292 articles identified, 16 articles consisting of 13 studies were suitable for inclusion. Prevalence of overall MSD ranged from 15% to 93%. The only consistent work-related risk factor was 'working part time', while other risk factors, such as vessel and job type showed conflicting results. CONCLUSION MSDs in occupational fishermen are common across countries. Variations observed in MSD prevalence might be due to differences in methodology, populations and definitions of MSD. Evidence on work-related risk factors for MSD is sparse and most studies were of poor methodological quality. Only working part time was identified as a consistent risk factor for MSD possibly caused by a healthy worker effect. There is a need for investigating causality in longitudinal studies, including both active and retired fishermen to better understand the complexity of MSD. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020147318.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Nørgaard Remmen
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Health Promotion, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
- University College South Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Regina Fromsejer Heiberg
- Department of Public Health, Center for Maritime Health and Society, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - David Høyrup Christiansen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University Research Clinic, Regional Hospital West Jutland, Herning, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kimmo Herttua
- Department of Public Health, Center for Maritime Health and Society, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Gabriele Berg-Beckhoff
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Health Promotion, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Syddanmark, Denmark
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17
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Abstract
The disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on farmworker communities has been well documented by the media. The virus overlays existing health disparities among farmworkers, but the population is not homogenous. One group of workers that may be even more vulnerable to the transmission of COVID-19 is the H-2A temporary worker population, because they have less control over their physical environments than domestic farmworkers, who may obtain their own housing and transportation. The H-2A program was recently altered at the federal level to ensure a steady flow of essential workers that can protect the nation's food supply during a crisis. Yet, in spite of increasing numbers of COVID-19 cases in states with significant H-2A worker populations, the federal rule that temporarily expanded the H-2A program did not address needs to protect workers' health. Although the CDC has developed recommendations for the agricultural industry to safeguard against COVID-19, most health and safety regulation for farmworkers are left to state and local agencies that may lack knowledge or resources to effectively address the needs of a specialized growing workforce such as H-2A workers. More research is needed on the disparate health and safety needs of H-2A workers to assess how policy can be tailored to reduce the transmission of the COVID-19 virus among the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Flocks
- Center for Governmental Responsibility, Levin College of Law, University of Florida , Gainesville, USA
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18
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Adhikary P, Keen S, van Teijlingen E. Workplace Accidents Among Nepali Male Workers in the Middle East and Malaysia: A Qualitative Study. J Immigr Minor Health 2019; 21:1115-1122. [PMID: 30073437 PMCID: PMC6726709 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-018-0801-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
There are many Nepali men working in the Middle East and Malaysia and media reports and anecdotal evidence suggest a high risk of workplace-related accidents and injuries for male Nepali workers. Therefore, this study aims to explore the personal experiences of male Nepali migrants of unintentional injuries at their place of work. In-depth, face-to-face interviews (n = 20) were conducted with male Nepali migrant workers. Study participants were approached at Kathmandu International Airport, hotels and lodges around the airport. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. Almost half of study participants experienced work-related accident abroad. The participants suggested that the reasons behind this are not only health and safety at work but also poor communication, taking risks by workers themselves, and perceived work pressure. Some participants experienced serious incidents causing life-long disability, extreme and harrowing accounts of injury but received no support from their employer or host countries. Nepali migrant workers would appear to be at a high risk of workplace unintentional injuries owing to a number of interrelated factors poor health and safety at work, pressure of work, risk taking practices, language barriers, and their general work environment. Both the Government of Nepal and host countries need to be better policing existing policies, introduce better legislation where necessary, ensure universal health (insurance) coverage for labour migrants, and improve preventive measures to minimize the number and severity of accidents and injuries among migrant workers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steve Keen
- International Care Network, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Edwin van Teijlingen
- Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK.
- Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
- Nobel College, Pokhara University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
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19
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Premji S. Discourse on culture in research on immigrant and migrant workers' health. Am J Ind Med 2019; 62:460-470. [PMID: 31111524 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health and safety researchers and practitioners have proposed that cultural differences help explain inequalities between foreign and native-born workers. While cultural explanations for inequalities have long been debated in other fields, there exists little critique of cultural discourses in occupational health. METHODS This article examines and discusses the discourse on culture in 107 articles on immigrant or migrant workers' health published between 2011 and 2015. For each article, passages on culture were identified and analysed for both the context and the manner in which culture was discussed. RESULTS The discourse on culture was found to be generally simplistic, individualistic, and uncritical, intentionally or unintentionally supporting the worldview that workers' "otherness" is both cause of inequalities and target for interventions. CONCLUSION The article argues that empirical, theoretical and interdisciplinary work is needed to document the mechanisms and pathways that underlie health and safety inequalities by foreign-born status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Premji
- School of Labour Studies, Department of Health, Aging and SocietyMcMaster UniversityHamilton Ontario Canada
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20
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Labao HC, Faller EM, Bacayo MFD. 'Aches and Pains' of Filipino Migrant Workers in Malaysia: A Profile of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders. Ann Glob Health 2018; 84:474-480. [PMID: 30835403 PMCID: PMC6748270 DOI: 10.29024/aogh.2331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are alarmingly high among migrant workers in Malaysia. MSDs are the most prevalent occupational-related conditions in most parts of the world affecting function, productivity and overall health-related quality of life. Therefore, this study aims to determine the profile of Filipino migrant workers in Malaysia and their various musculoskeletal complaints. Method: This study utilized a quantitative, nonexperimental, cross-sectional research design. A total of 60 subjects were randomly selected after passing the study’s sampling criteria. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) was to used to determine common MSDs affecting the various regions in the body. The Demographic Pofile Sheet was provided to gather a subject’s demographic characteristics. Results: Filipino migrant workers mostly complain of pain in the low back area (60%) and shoulder pain (60%), followed by pain in the upper back (48.3%) and neck pain (45%) in the last 12 months. Household workers accounting for 73.3% of the subjects commonly complain of pain in the hips/thighs (78.9%), while workers in the service industry commonly complain of knee pain (39.1%). Conclusions: Results imply that Filipino migrant workers have a higher prevalence of shoulder and lower back pain in the last 12 months. Household workers are more susceptible to hip/thigh pain. Interventions focusing on ergonomics policy implementation, education on posture and lifting techniques and physical function is recommended. Further studies should consider the psychological and psychosocial aspects of migrant employment, which are known risk factors for MSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernan C Labao
- Lecturer, Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, MY
| | - Erwin M Faller
- Global Health Network, Shah Alam, Selangor, MY.,School of Pharmacy, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, MY.,International Consultant, Petrosphere Inc, Puerto Princesa, 5300 Palawan, PH
| | - May Florence D Bacayo
- Global Health Network, Shah Alam, Selangor, MY.,School of Pharmacy, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, MY
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21
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Kucera KL, Lipscomb HJ, Roos KG, Dement JM, Hootman JM. Work-Related Injury and Management Strategies Among Certified Athletic Trainers. J Athl Train 2018; 53:606-618. [PMID: 29897279 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-232-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Health care workers have high rates of musculoskeletal injuries, but many of these injuries go unreported to workers' compensation and national surveillance systems. Little is known regarding the work-related injuries of certified athletic trainers (ATs). OBJECTIVE To determine the 12-month incidence and prevalence of work-related injuries and describe injury-reporting and -management strategies. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Population-based online survey. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Of the 29 051 ATs currently certified by the Board of Certification, Inc, who "opted in" to research studies, we randomly selected 10 000. Of these, 1826 (18.3%) ATs currently working in the clinical setting were eligible and participated in the baseline survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) An online survey was e-mailed in May of 2012. We assessed self-reported work-related injuries in the previous 12 months and management strategies including medical care, work limitations or modifications, and time off work. Statistics (frequencies and percentages) were calculated to describe injury rates per 200 000 work hours, injury prevalence, injury characteristics, and injury-reporting and -management strategies. RESULTS A total of 247 ATs reported 419 work-related injuries during the previous 12 months, for an incidence rate of 21.6 per 200 000 hours (95% confidence interval = 19.6, 23.7) and injury prevalence of 13.5% (95% confidence interval = 12.0%, 15.1%). The low back (26%), hand/fingers (9%), and knee (9%) were frequently affected body sites. Injuries were most often caused by bodily motion/overexertion/repetition (52%), contact with objects/equipment/persons (24%), or slips/trips/falls (15%). More than half of injured ATs (55.5%) sought medical care, 25% missed work, and most (77%) did not file a workers' compensation claim for their injury. Half of injured ATs were limited at work (n = 125), and 89% modified or changed their athletic training work as a result of the injury. CONCLUSIONS More than half of AT work-related injuries required medical care or work limitations and were not reported for workers' compensation. Understanding how ATs care for and manage their work-related injuries is important given that few take time off work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L Kucera
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science and ‡Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.,Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Hester J Lipscomb
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Karen G Roos
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science and ‡Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - John M Dement
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Jennifer M Hootman
- Division of Population Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
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22
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Moyce SC, Schenker M. Occupational Exposures and Health Outcomes Among Immigrants in the USA. Curr Environ Health Rep 2018; 4:349-354. [PMID: 28812286 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-017-0152-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Immigrants experience higher rates of occupational injury and fatality than their native-born counterparts. This review summarizes the current data related to occupational/environmental exposures and explores potential reasons for the disparities. RECENT FINDINGS Immigrant workers are employed in sectors that expose them to dangerous working conditions. They experience increased risk for exposure to heat, pesticides, hazardous chemicals, and cleaning agents, as well as physical hazards such as falls. Immigrant workers are at increased risk for occupational injury and fatality due to the nature of the work they traditionally perform, a lack of enforced safety regulations, and limited access to health care or worker's compensation benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally C Moyce
- School of Nursing, Samuel Merritt University, 3100 Telegraph Avenue, Oakland, CA, 94609, USA
| | - Marc Schenker
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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23
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Abstract
In 2015, approximately 244 million people were transnational migrants, approximately half of whom were workers, often engaged in jobs that are hazardous to their health. They work for less pay, for longer hours, and in worse conditions than do nonmigrants and are often subject to human rights violations, abuse, human trafficking, and violence. Worldwide, immigrant workers have higher rates of adverse occupational exposures and working conditions, which lead to poor health outcomes, workplace injuries, and occupational fatalities. Health disparities of immigrant workers are related to environmental and occupational exposures and are a result of language/cultural barriers, access to health care, documentation status, and the political climate of the host country. Recommendations on global and local scales are offered as potential solutions to improving the health of immigrant workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally C Moyce
- School of Nursing, Samuel Merritt University, Oakland, California 94609, USA;
| | - Marc Schenker
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA;
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24
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Masterson EA, Themann CL, Calvert GM. Prevalence of hearing loss among noise-exposed workers within the agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting sector, 2003-2012. Am J Ind Med 2018; 61:42-50. [PMID: 29152771 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of hearing loss among noise-exposed US workers within the Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting (AFFH) sector. METHODS Audiograms for 1.4 million workers (17 299 within AFFH) from 2003 to 2012 were examined. Prevalence, and the adjusted risk for hearing loss as compared with the reference industry (Couriers and Messengers), were estimated. RESULTS The overall AFFH sector prevalence was 15% compared to 19% for all industries combined, but many of the AFFH sub-sectors exceeded the overall prevalence. Forestry sub-sector prevalences were highest with Forest Nurseries and Gathering of Forest Products at 36% and Timber Tract Operations at 22%. The Aquaculture sub-sector had the highest adjusted risk of all AFFH sub-sectors (PR = 1.70; CI = 1.42-2.04). CONCLUSIONS High risk industries within the AFFH sector need continued hearing conservation efforts. Barriers to hearing loss prevention and early detection of hearing loss need to be recognized and addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Masterson
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Cincinnati Ohio
| | - Christa L. Themann
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Cincinnati Ohio
| | - Geoffrey M. Calvert
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Cincinnati Ohio
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25
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Granzow RF, Schall MC, Smidt MF, Chen H, Fethke NB, Huangfu R. Characterizing exposure to physical risk factors among reforestation hand planters in the Southeastern United States. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2018; 66:1-8. [PMID: 28958420 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Low back and neck/shoulder pain are commonly reported among reforestation hand planters. While some studies have documented the intensive cardiovascular demands of hand planting, limited information is available regarding exposures to physical risk factors associated with the development of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among hand planters. This study used surface electromyography (EMG) and inertial measurement units (IMUs) to characterize the muscle activation patterns, upper arm and trunk postures, movement velocities, and physical activity (PA) of fourteen Southeastern reforestation hand planters over one work shift. Results indicated that hand planters are exposed to physical risk factors such as extreme trunk postures (32.5% of time spent in ≥45° trunk flexion) and high effort muscle exertions (e.g., mean root-mean-square right upper trapezius amplitude of 54.1% reference voluntary exertion) that may place them at increased risk for developing MSDs. The findings indicate a need for continued field-based research among hand planters to identify and/or develop maximally effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Granzow
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Auburn University, 3301 Shelby Center for Engineering Technology, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Mark C Schall
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Auburn University, 3301 Shelby Center for Engineering Technology, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Mathew F Smidt
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, 3423 School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Howard Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, UI Research Park #164 IREH, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Nathan B Fethke
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, S347 CPHB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Rong Huangfu
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Auburn University, 3301 Shelby Center for Engineering Technology, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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26
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Mora DC, Miles CM, Chen H, Quandt SA, Summers P, Arcury TA. Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among immigrant Latino farmworkers and non-farmworkers in North Carolina. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2016; 71:136-143. [PMID: 25454715 PMCID: PMC4452452 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2014.988676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper evaluates the variability in the prevalence of epicondylitis, rotator cuff syndrome, low back pain, and lower extremity pathology among immigrant Latino farmworkers and non-farmworkers. Data were collected from a study among 272 farmworkers and non-farmworkers. Participants were recruited in eastern and central North Carolina. A physical examination was conducted by trained physicians. Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among Latino manual workers is high compared with other workers in similar occupations. Non-farmworkers (49%) had a higher prevalence of MSDs than farmworkers (35%). Epicondylitis (20.2%) and rotator cuff syndrome (19.1%) were most prevalent. Age was found to be significant among those who had epicondylitis (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.04) and lower extremity pathology (AOR = 1.07). Latino immigrant manual workers have high prevalence of MSDs. Further studies are needed to identify possible factors that make these populations more vulnerable to MSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana C. Mora
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA,
| | - Christopher M. Miles
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA,
| | - Haiying Chen
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Center for Worker Health, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA,
| | - Sara A. Quandt
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Center for Worker Health, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA,
| | - Phillip Summers
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA,
| | - Thomas A. Arcury
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Center for Worker Health, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA,
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27
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Levin JL, Gilmore K, Wickman A, Shepherd S, Shipp E, Nonnenmann M, Carruth A. Workplace Safety Interventions for Commercial Fishermen of the Gulf. J Agromedicine 2016; 21:178-89. [DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2016.1143430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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28
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Hege A, Vallejos QM, Apostolopoulos Y, Lemke MK. Health disparities of Latino immigrant workers in the United States. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MIGRATION, HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE 2015. [DOI: 10.1108/ijmhsc-06-2014-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the literature pertaining to occupational health disparities experienced by Latino immigrant workers in the USA and to advance a general framework based on systems science to inform epidemiological and intervention research.
Design/methodology/approach
– Using papers and other sources from 2000 to the present, the authors examined the employment conditions and health outcomes of Latino immigrant workers and critically analyzed the pervasive evidence of health disparities, including causal mechanisms and associated intervention programs.
Findings
– The occupations, including the work environment and resultant living conditions, frequently performed by Latino immigrants in the USA represent a distinct trigger of increased injury risk and poor health outcomes. Extant intervention programs have had modest results at best and are in need of more comprehensive approaches to address the complex nature of health disparities.
Practical implications
– An integrated, systems-based framework concerning occupational health disparities among Latino immigrant workers allows for a holistic approach encompassing innovative methods and can inform high-leverage interventions including public policy.
Originality/value
– Reductionist approaches to health disparities have had significant limitations and miss the complete picture of the many influences. The framework the authors have provided elucidates a valuable method for reducing occupational health disparities among Latino immigrant workers as well as other populations.
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29
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Nguyen HT, Kritchevsky SB, Foxworth JL, Quandt SA, Summers P, Walker FO, Arcury TA. A Pilot Study of Gait Function in Farmworkers in Eastern North Carolina. J Agromedicine 2015; 20:427-33. [PMID: 26471952 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2015.1074971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Farmworkers endure many job-related hazards, including fall-related work injuries. Gait analysis may be useful in identifying potential fallers. The goal of this pilot study was to explore differences in gait between farmworkers and non-farmworkers. The sample included 16 farmworkers and 24 non-farmworkers. Gait variables were collected using the portable GAITRite system, a 16-foot computerized walkway. Generalized linear regression models were used to examine group differences. All models were adjusted for two established confounders, age and body mass index. There were no significant differences in stride length, step length, double support time, and base of support; but farmworkers had greater irregularity of stride length (P = .01) and step length (P = .08). Farmworkers performed significantly worse on gait velocity (P = .003) and cadence (P < .001) relative to non-farmworkers. We found differences in gait function between farmworkers and non-farmworkers. These findings suggest that measuring gait with a portable walkway system is feasible and informative in farmworkers and may possibly be of use in assessing fall risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha T Nguyen
- a Department of Family and Community Medicine , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , North Carolina , USA.,b Center for Worker Health , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , North Carolina , USA
| | - Stephen B Kritchevsky
- c Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , North Carolina , USA
| | - Judy L Foxworth
- d Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences , Winston-Salem State University , Winston-Salem , North Carolina , USA
| | - Sara A Quandt
- b Center for Worker Health , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , North Carolina , USA.,e Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , North Carolina , USA
| | - Phillip Summers
- a Department of Family and Community Medicine , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , North Carolina , USA.,b Center for Worker Health , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , North Carolina , USA
| | - Francis O Walker
- f Department of Neurology , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , North Carolina , USA
| | - Thomas A Arcury
- a Department of Family and Community Medicine , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , North Carolina , USA.,b Center for Worker Health , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , North Carolina , USA
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30
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Brennan K, Economos J, Salerno MM. Farmworkers Make Their Voices Heard in the Call for Stronger Protections from Pesticides. New Solut 2015; 25:362-76. [PMID: 26378155 DOI: 10.1177/1048291115604428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Farmworkers are calling for stronger workplace protections to prevent pesticide exposure and reduce health risks for workers and their families. In 1992, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) promulgated the Worker Protection Standard (WPS) as the primary set of regulations protecting the nation's 1-2 million farmworkers from occupational pesticide exposure. After more than 20 years, the EPA proposed revisions to the WPS. The proposed revisions were posted in the Federal Register and made available for public comment on 19 March 2014. In response to these revisions, farmworker organizations conducted outreach in agricultural communities to document and submit farmworkers' first-hand accounts of pesticide exposure as public comments. Through this process, farmworkers--a typically underrepresented, poorly protected, and disenfranchised population--made their voices heard and advocated for changes to improve their health and safety. Their comments in this article articulate the need for stronger workplace protections and enforcement measures to reduce health risks for workers, families, and communities.
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Habib RR, Hojeij S, Elzein K. Gender in occupational health research of farmworkers: a systematic review. Am J Ind Med 2014; 57:1344-67. [PMID: 25227724 PMCID: PMC4257096 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Farmwork is one of the most hazardous occupations for men and women. Research suggests sex/gender shapes hazardous workplace exposures and outcomes for farmworkers. This paper reviews the occupational health literature on farmworkers, assessing how gender is treated and interpreted in exposure-outcome studies. Methods The paper evaluates peer-reviewed articles on men and women farmworkers' health published between 2000 and 2012 in PubMed or SCOPUS. Articles were identified and analyzed for approaches toward sampling, data analysis, and use of exposure indicators in relation to sex/gender. Results 18% of articles reported on and interpreted sex/gender differences in health outcomes and exposures. Sex/gender dynamics often shaped health outcomes, yet adequate data was not collected on established sex/gender risk factors relating to study outcomes. Conclusion Research can better incorporate sex/gender analysis into design, analytical and interpretive approaches to better explore its mediation of health outcomes in light of emerging calls to mainstream gender research. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:1344–1367, 2014. © 2014 The Authors. American Journal of Industrial Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima R. Habib
- Faculty of Health SciencesAmerican University of BeirutP.O.Box: 11‐0236 Riad El Solh1107 2020BeirutLebanon
| | - Safa Hojeij
- Faculty of Health SciencesAmerican University of BeirutP.O.Box: 11‐0236 Riad El Solh1107 2020BeirutLebanon
| | - Kareem Elzein
- Faculty of Health SciencesAmerican University of BeirutP.O.Box: 11‐0236 Riad El Solh1107 2020BeirutLebanon
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Frank AL, Liebman AK, Ryder B, Weir M, Arcury TA. Health care access and health care workforce for immigrant workers in the agriculture, forestry, and fisheries sector in the southeastern US. Am J Ind Med 2013; 56:960-74. [PMID: 23532981 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishery (AgFF) Sector workforce in the US is comprised primarily of Latino immigrants. Health care access for these workers is limited and increases health disparities. METHODS This article addresses health care access for immigrant workers in the AgFF Sector, and the workforce providing care to these workers. CONTENTS Immigrant workers bear a disproportionate burden of poverty and ill health and additionally face significant occupational hazards. AgFF laborers largely are uninsured, ineligible for benefits, and unable to afford health services. The new Affordable Care Act will likely not benefit such individuals. Community and Migrant Health Centers (C/MHCs) are the frontline of health care access for immigrant AgFF workers. C/MHCs offer discounted health services that are tailored to meet the special needs of their underserved clientele. C/MHCs struggle, however, with a shortage of primary care providers and staff prepared to treat occupational illness and injury among AgFF workers. A number of programs across the US aim to increase the number of primary care physicians and care givers trained in occupational health at C/MHCs. While such programs are beneficial, substantial action is needed at the national level to strengthen and expand the C/MHC system and to establish widely Medical Home models and Accountable Care Organizations. System-wide policy changes alone have the potential to reduce and eliminate the rampant health disparities experienced by the immigrant workers who sustain the vital Agricultural, Forestry, and Fishery sector in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur L. Frank
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health; Drexel University School of Public Health; Philadelphia; Pennsylvania
| | | | - Bobbi Ryder
- National Center for Farmworker Health; Inc.; Buda; Texas
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Liebman AK, Wiggins MF, Fraser C, Levin J, Sidebottom J, Arcury TA. Occupational health policy and immigrant workers in the agriculture, forestry, and fishing sector. Am J Ind Med 2013; 56:975-84. [PMID: 23606108 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immigrant workers make up an important portion of the hired workforce in the Agricultural, Forestry and Fishing (AgFF) sector, one of the most hazardous industry sectors in the US. Despite the inherent dangers associated with this sector, worker protection is limited. METHODS This article describes the current occupational health and safety policies and regulatory standards in the AgFF sector and underscores the regulatory exceptions and limitations in worker protections. Immigration policies and their effects on worker health and safety are also discussed. Emphasis is placed on policies and practices in the Southeastern US. RESULTS Worker protection in the AgFF sector is limited. Regulatory protections are generally weaker than other industrial sectors and enforcement of existing regulations is woefully inadequate. The vulnerability of the AgFF workforce is magnified by worker immigration status. Agricultural workers in particular are affected by a long history of "exceptionalism" under the law as many regulatory protections specifically exclude this workforce. CONCLUSIONS A vulnerable workforce and high-hazard industries require regulatory protections that, at a minimum, are provided to workers in other industries. A systematic policy approach to strengthen occupational safety and health in the AgFF sector must address both immigration policy and worker protection regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K. Liebman
- Migrant Clinicians Network - Maryland Office; Quantico, Maryland
| | | | | | - Jeffrey Levin
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler; Tyler, Texas
| | - Jill Sidebottom
- Mountain Conifer Integrated Pest Management; North Carolina State University; Mills River, North Carolina
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