1
|
Knecht H, Balanay JAG, Langley R, Tutor Marcom R, Richards SL. Retrospective Risk Assessment of Injuries and Fatalities in the Forestry and Logging Workforce in the United States, 2003-2019. J Agromedicine 2024; 29:372-383. [PMID: 38445302 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2024.2325708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study on the forestry and logging workforce are to: 1) Analyze causes of injuries/fatalities to inform future intervention studies focused on risk mitigation, 2) determine whether there are any trends or associations between work-related risk factors and workplace injuries/fatalities over a 16-year period (2003-2019), and 3) identify knowledge gaps related to injuries and fatalities for future studies to address. METHODS Data on fatalities, injuries, and illnesses of the forestry and logging workforce from the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics were analyzed. Correlation analysis (p < .05) was conducted to assess the relationship between causes of forestry and logging workforce fatalities by cause of fatality in the United States. Injury and fatality rates were calculated for each year (fatalities: 2003-2018; injuries: 2005-2019) and time span-specific incidence rates were calculated by cause. RESULTS Contact with objects and equipment was the primary cause of injuries and fatalities in the forestry and logging workforce during the study period. Transportation-related incidents ranked second as the cause of fatalities, while the category of falls, slips, and trips was the second leading cause of injuries. CONCLUSION Gaps in occupational health and safety identified by this study should be collaboratively addressed by researchers and the forestry industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Knecht
- Department of Public Health, East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Jo Anne G Balanay
- College of Health and Human Performance, Health Education and Promotion, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Ricky Langley
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Robin Tutor Marcom
- NC Agromedicine Institute, East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie L Richards
- College of Health and Human Performance, Health Education and Promotion, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Layne LA, Siordia C. Hired crop worker injury risks on farms in the United States during three different periods between 2002 and 2015. Am J Ind Med 2024; 67:224-242. [PMID: 38270234 PMCID: PMC10961608 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hired crop workers have high incidence of work-related injuries, but little has been documented about potential risks at the national level. METHODS Data were obtained from a national probability sample of hired crop workers in the United States (U.S.) during 2002-2004 (period I), 2008-2010 (period II), and 2014-2015 (period III). Multivariable logistic regression models of work-related injury were constructed using an occupational exposure adjustment for weeks worked in the previous year. RESULTS Hired crop workers reporting that their employer did not provide clean drinking water and disposable cups every day were estimated to be at greater odds of injury during all three periods. Having at least some English-speaking ability was associated with increased odds of injury in two periods, while owning a dwelling in the U.S. showed greater injury risk during period II but was associated with lower risk during period III. Other items significantly associated with injury during at least one of the study periods in the final multivariable logistic models included being a direct-hire, a migrant worker, U.S.-born, receiving public aid, and having a health condition. CONCLUSIONS Hired crop workers are an extremely marginalized population of workers in the U.S. Innovative intervention methods must extend beyond traditional occupational models to focus on the overall health of hired crop workers, including increasing healthcare access, ending agricultural exceptionalism to provide equal regulatory protections afforded to workers in other industries, and adequate enforcement of existing regulations. These findings contribute to the understanding of correlates related to increased work-related injury among hired crop workers, and have implications in fields of prevention, intervention, and policy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larry A. Layne
- Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Carlos Siordia
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Office of Program Management and Operations, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Colón-Burgos JF, Rojas P, Vazquez V, Khalona MA, Canedo M, Pinzón Iregui MC, Gómez-Estern BM, De La Rosa M, Sánchez M, Cano MÁ, Ravelo GJ, Westrick A, Behar-Zusman V. A qualitative community health assessment of HIV prevention awareness in a semi-rural Latinx seasonal farm working community in South Florida. CULTURE, HEALTH & SEXUALITY 2023:1-16. [PMID: 38156981 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2023.2296483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
This article explores HIV awareness and prevention in a Latinx seasonal farmworker community of south Miami-Dade County in the USA. The study took place as part of a larger community assessment that aimed to determine community needs and resources related to substance abuse, violence and HIV in the Latinx seasonal farmworker communities of south Miami-Dade County, with a particular focus on fathers' and their male sons' relationships. The study collected data on HIV knowledge and prevention, healthcare-seeking behaviours, cultural norms, and communication barriers about HIV prevention between fathers and sons. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with community leaders, two focus groups with social and health services providers, and four focus groups involving fathers and their adolescent sons. A deductive approach to data analysis was undertaken. Five major themes were identified: (1) HIVrelated knowledge and perception; (2) HIV prevention strategies; (3) barriers and needs for tailored preventive health and care services in the community; (4) stress over sex-related communication; and (5) the dominance of traditional masculine gender norms in the household and the community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José F Colón-Burgos
- Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Department of Health Promotion & Disease Prevention, FL International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Patria Rojas
- Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Department of Health Promotion & Disease Prevention, FL International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Vicky Vazquez
- Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Department of Health Promotion & Disease Prevention, FL International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Maria Antonina Khalona
- Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Department of Health Promotion & Disease Prevention, FL International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Marisabel Canedo
- Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Department of Health Promotion & Disease Prevention, FL International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - María C Pinzón Iregui
- Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Department of Health Promotion & Disease Prevention, FL International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Beatriz Macías Gómez-Estern
- Department of Social Anthropology, Basic Psychology and Public Health, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Mario De La Rosa
- Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Department of Health Promotion & Disease Prevention, FL International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mariana Sánchez
- Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Department of Health Promotion & Disease Prevention, FL International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Miguel Ángel Cano
- School of Public Health, University of TX Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Gira J Ravelo
- Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Department of Health Promotion & Disease Prevention, FL International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ashly Westrick
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of MI, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Harwell EL, LePrevost CE, Cofie LE, Lee JGL. Community Health Workers' Role in Addressing Farmworker Health Disparities. J Agromedicine 2022; 27:391-401. [PMID: 35168470 PMCID: PMC9395548 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2022.2040069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Community health workers (CHWs) are uniquely positioned to connect migrant and seasonal farmworkers to health promotion and clinical services. However, research on CHWs' experiences, particularly related to their provision of health education to farmworkers, is limited. To explore CHWs' practices and challenges in conducting health education outreach, we conducted three focus group discussions with farmworker health CHWs (N = 28) in North Carolina in the spring of 2020. We analyzed the focus group transcripts, and we compared the code outputs, thematic code summaries, and memos maintained throughout the analytic process to examine the experiences of CHWs in acquiring and disseminating health information and resources, including use of technology. We identified three themes related to CHWs' experiences providing health information to farmworkers. First, CHWs described short-term preparation, immediately before providing health outreach, and long-term activities, devoted to maintaining and improving their capacity to provide relevant health information to farmworkers. Second, they described their use of health education delivery methods, including open-ended questions, participatory and interactive approaches, and non-verbal aids. Third, participants described their current use of technology and related challenges, as well as the technology needed to enhance health outreach, including internet access. Findings reveal opportunities to improve farmworker health education through professional development for CHWs, identification of preferred methods of health education delivery to farmworkers, and provision of technology to farmworker-serving organizations. Establishing rural internet access and equipping outreach organizations with technology would position CHWs to be maximally effective as they strive to reduce farmworkers' health inequities.Abbreviations: CHW: Community health worker; FGD: focus group discussion; NC: North Carolina.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emery L Harwell
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Catherine E LePrevost
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Leslie E Cofie
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joseph G L Lee
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chicas RC, Elon L, Houser MC, Mutic A, Gallegos EI, Smith DJ, Modly L, Xiuhtecutli N, Hertzberg VS, Flocks J, Sands JM, McCauley L. The Health Status of Hispanic Agricultural Workers in Georgia and Florida. J Immigr Minor Health 2022; 24:1129-1136. [PMID: 34988908 PMCID: PMC10479758 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-021-01326-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To examine the health status of Hispanic agricultural workers in Florida and Georgia. Health data from agricultural workers in the Farm Worker Family Health Program (June 2019) and research studies in Florida (May 2015 and May 2019) were examined. Data from 728 agricultural workers were collected through sociodemographic questionnaire and clinical data. In the Florida sample, 83% were overweight or obese, 70% elevated blood pressure, 60% met the definition of prediabetes. In Georgia, 64% were overweight or obese and 67% had elevated blood pressure. Weak correlations were observed between BMI and systolic blood pressure (unadjusted r = 0.20), diastolic blood pressure (unadjusted r = 0.19), and glucose (unadjusted r = 0.14). Adjusting for age and gender did not show statistically significant correlation between BMI and systolic and diastolic blood pressure or glucose. While BMI has been shown to be strongly associated with high blood pressure and impaired glucose, we found a weak correlation among agricultural workers. Given the common and high use of pesticides and elevated rates of hypertension, impaired glucose, and adiposity in agricultural workers, the public health impact of this relationship may require and lead to occupational reform that protects the health of agricultural workers. Future studies should assess occupational and environmental factors and lifestyle differences between agricultural workers and the general population to better understand these discrepancies in health status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roxana C Chicas
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Lisa Elon
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Madelyn C Houser
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Abby Mutic
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Daniel J Smith
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lori Modly
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Vicki S Hertzberg
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joan Flocks
- Levin College of Law, University of Florida, Gainesville, GL, USA
| | - Jeff M Sands
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Linda McCauley
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
COVID-19 Pandemic Response in a Migrant Farmworker Community: Excess Mortality, Testing Access and Contact Tracing in Immokalee, Florida. Ann Glob Health 2022; 88:77. [PMID: 36132278 PMCID: PMC9461680 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.3859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Migrant and seasonal farmworkers face enormous barriers to health and have been a particularly vulnerable population during the COVID-19 pandemic, but their pandemic experiences and potential inequities have not been well studied. Objectives: We aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 in Immokalee, Florida, a community with a significant population of migrant and seasonal farmworkers. We evaluated for differences in pandemic experience by language, a known barrier to healthcare, to inform and strengthen future public health efforts. Methods: First, to estimate the burden of COVID in the area, we conducted a descriptive analysis of data on COVID-19 deaths for Collier County from May-August 2020. We then surveyed a cross-sectional, randomized representative sample of 318 adults living in Immokalee from March-November 2020 to assess socio-demographics, workplace conditions, sources of information, ability to follow guidelines, and experiences with testing and contact tracing programs. Results were compared across language groups. Findings: Average excess mortality in Collier County was 108%. The majority surveyed in Immokalee had socio-demographic factors associated with higher COVID risk. Non-English speakers had higher workplace risk due to less ability to work from home. Haitian Creole speakers were less likely to be tested, though all participants were willing to get symptomatic testing and quarantine. Those participants who tested positive or had COVID-19 exposures had low engagement with the contact tracing program, and Spanish-speakers reported lower quality of contact tracing than English speakers. Conclusions: The community of Immokalee, FL is a vulnerable population that suffered disproportionate deaths from COVID-19. This study reveals language inequities in COVID testing and contact tracing that should be targeted in future pandemic response in Immokalee and other migrant farmworker communities.
Collapse
|
7
|
Johnson C, Dukes K, Sinnwell E, Culp K, Zinnel D, Corwin C. Innovative Cohort Process to Minimize COVID-19 Infection for Migrant Farmworkers During Travel to Iowa. Workplace Health Saf 2022; 70:17-23. [PMID: 35037514 DOI: 10.1177/21650799211045308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Migrant and seasonal farmworkers (MSFW) experience disproportionate infection, severe disease and death from COVID-19. This report describes an innovative process to address the safety of MSFW that utilized cohorting that eventually allowed for safe release to work in the fields on a large family farm in Iowa. Methods: Upon worker departure from Mexico, the employer arranged for bus seat assignments, mask use, and hand hygiene practice during the 3-day trip to Iowa. Upon arrival at the farm, surveillance testing and low-density housing cohorting based upon travel seat assignments allowed for early identification of infected workers and appropriate quarantine as per CDC guidelines. Upon completion of isolation or quarantine as appropriate, workers were released to congregate housing and work in the fields. Findings: Compared to a migrant farmworker COVID-19 outbreak without travel pre-planning, the cohorting process produced a 3.5% positivity rate compared to an earlier season July farmworker group on the same farm with a 12.7% positivity rate. Conclusions/Application to Practice: The success of this model points to the power of collaboration between farm employer, health care providers and workers to minimize worker infection and enable safe work in the fields. Increased state and federal support for MSFW protections could support infrastructure to proactively plan for prevention mechanisms to prevent the spread of known communicable disease. With support in place from the top down, employers, workers, and health care providers will be able to prioritize the management of infectious diseases and the needs of essential workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kimberly Dukes
- Iowa City VA Medical Center.,University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bloss JE, LePrevost CE, Zahra AG, Firnhaber GC, Cofie LE, Zepeda R, Lee JGL. Advancing the Health of Migrant and Seasonal Farmworkers in the United States: Identifying Gaps in the Existing Literature, 2021. Health Promot Pract 2021; 23:432-444. [PMID: 34549654 PMCID: PMC9096586 DOI: 10.1177/15248399211033308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
There are profound health inequities for agricultural workers. We sought to assess the literature on migrant and seasonal farmworker health with an eye toward health promotion interventions, special populations, use of community health workers (CHWs), and technology. We conducted a systematic mapping review by searching five databases in March 2021. Using quantitative content analysis after establishing interrater reliability, we coded titles and abstracts to assess 13 topics and six characteristics of the research such as its focus on health promotion, use of technology, and inclusion of CHWs. We identified 1,083 records. Just 8.2% of records described or evaluated a health promotion effort to intervene in farmworker well-being and even fewer (4.2%) examined unique populations of farmworkers such as indigenous farmworkers (n = 11) or sexual minority farmworkers (n = 1). A small body of literature focused on the role of CHWs or promotores most frequently described their role in implementing health interventions. The literature on farmworker health has gaps regarding health promotion interventions, special populations, and integration of CHWs into research projects. We offer suggestions to fill in identified gaps in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine E LePrevost
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,North Carolina Agromedicine Institute, Greenville, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ramón Zepeda
- Student Action with Farmworkers, Durham, NC, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liebman AK, Seda CH, Galván AR. Farmworkers and COVID-19: Community-Based Partnerships to Address Health and Safety. Am J Public Health 2021; 111:1456-1458. [PMID: 34464192 PMCID: PMC8489648 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2021.306323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy K Liebman
- Amy K. Liebman, Claire H. Seda, and Alma R. Galván are with Migrant Clinicians Network, Austin, TX
| | - Claire H Seda
- Amy K. Liebman, Claire H. Seda, and Alma R. Galván are with Migrant Clinicians Network, Austin, TX
| | - Alma R Galván
- Amy K. Liebman, Claire H. Seda, and Alma R. Galván are with Migrant Clinicians Network, Austin, TX
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yung MT, Vázquez RC, Liebman A, Brihn A, Olson A, Loken D, Contreras-Smith A, Bender J, Kirsch JD. COVID-19 Awareness and Preparedness of Minnesota and Wisconsin Dairy Farms. J Agromedicine 2021; 26:352-359. [PMID: 33969812 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2021.1927925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Dairy farms that had participated in previous and ongoing projects with the National Farm Medicine Center (NFMC), Migrant Clinicians Network (MCN), and Upper Midwest Agricultural Safety and Health Center (UMASH) were asked to participate in a 17-question survey by phone or email to investigate biosecurity principles on Minnesota and Wisconsin dairy farms in response to COVID-19 and the effects of the pandemic on the dairy industry. Three additional farms were recruited via a press release published in agricultural newsletters. Of 76 farms contacted, 37 chose to participate in this study from June to July 2020. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, dairies have implemented or increased biosecurity measures and COVID-19 precautions. Dairies reported adequate personal protective equipment for their workers, though face masks were not required on most dairies (n = 32, 86%). Producers were concerned about the safety of their families, maintaining a healthy workforce, and keeping their farms profitable. Access to healthcare was not perceived to be an issue for their workers. One-quarter of dairies reported COVID-19 infections on their farms. Even though the majority had an isolation protocol in place if someone on the farm were to become ill, less than half of respondents felt their farm was protected against COVID-19. Two-thirds of producers have not had to decrease production, and a majority of operations have not furloughed or terminated employees due to COVID-19. Our data suggest that dairy farms in Minnesota and Wisconsin have implemented biosecurity and safety measures in response to COVID-19. These measures can be improved. Farms would benefit from additional guidance and education on implementation of personal protective measures and disease prevention strategies to keep workers employed and safe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mung Ting Yung
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - RosaI Chela Vázquez
- Upper Midwest Agricultural Safety and Health Center, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Amy Liebman
- Migrant Clinicians Network, Salisbury, MD, USA
| | - Auguste Brihn
- University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine,Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Ana Contreras-Smith
- Upper Midwest Agricultural Safety and Health Center, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jeff Bender
- Upper Midwest Agricultural Safety and Health Center, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jonathan D Kirsch
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Upper Midwest Agricultural Safety and Health Center, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Feinberg I, O’Connor MH, Owen-Smith A, Dube SR. Public health crisis in the refugee community: little change in social determinants of health preserve health disparities. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2021; 36:170-177. [PMID: 33599272 PMCID: PMC7928937 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyab004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Structural inequities and lack of resources put vulnerable refugee communities at great risk. Refugees flee their country of origin to escape persecution and flee from war, famine and torture. Resettled refugee communities become particularly vulnerable during times of crisis due to limited English proficiency and poor social determinants of health (SDOH), which create barriers to attaining and sustaining health and wellbeing for themselves and their families. The purpose of this case study was to evaluate SDOH among a refugee community in the Southeastern United States. We surveyed the community twice during a 1-year period to assess various elements of SDOH. Among a primarily African and Southeast Asian refugee community, 76% reported difficulty paying for food, housing and healthcare during the first round of surveys. During the second round of surveys at the beginning of the Coronavirus pandemic, 70% reported lost income; 58% indicated concern about paying bills. There was little change during the 12-month study period, showing that SDOH are an enduring measure of poor health and wellbeing for this vulnerable refugee community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Feinberg
- Department of Learning Sciences, Adult Literacy Research Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - M H O’Connor
- Center for Community Engagement at Clarkston, Prevention Research Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - A Owen-Smith
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - S R Dube
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Allan BA, Autin KL, Wilkins-Yel KG. Precarious work in the 21st century: A psychological perspective. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2020.103491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
13
|
Shire J, Vaidyanathan A, Lackovic M, Bunn T. Association Between Work-Related Hyperthermia Emergency Department Visits and Ambient Heat in Five Southeastern States, 2010-2012-A Case-Crossover Study. GEOHEALTH 2020; 4:e2019GH000241. [PMID: 32821873 PMCID: PMC7429406 DOI: 10.1029/2019gh000241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to assess ambient temperatures' and extreme heat events' contribution to work-related emergency department (ED) visits for hyperthermia in the southeastern United States to inform prevention. Through a collaborative network and established data framework, work-related ED hyperthermia visits in five participating southeastern U.S. states were analyzed using a time stratified case-crossover design. For exposure metrics, day- and location-specific measures of ambient temperatures and county-specific identification of extreme heat events were used. From 2010 to 2012, 5,017 work-related hyperthermia ED visits were seen; 2,298 (~46%) of these visits occurred on days when the daily maximum heat index was at temperatures the Occupational Safety and Health Administration designates as having "lower" or "moderate" heat risk. A 14% increase in risk of ED visit was seen for a 1°F increase in average daily mean temperature, modeled as linear predictor across all temperatures. A 54% increase in risk was seen for work-related hyperthermia ED visits during extreme heat events (two or more consecutive days of unusually high temperatures) when controlling for average daily mean temperature. Despite ambient heat being a well-known risk to workers' health, this study's findings indicate ambient heat contributed to work-related ED hyperthermia visits in these five states. Used alone, existing OSHA heat-risk levels for ambient temperatures did not appear to successfully communicate workers' risk for hyperthermia in this study. Findings should inform future heat-alert communications and policies, heat prevention efforts, and heat-illness prevention research for workers in the southeastern United States.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Shire
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthCenters for Disease Control and PreventionCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - Ambarish Vaidyanathan
- National Center for Environmental HealthCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGAUSA
| | | | - Terry Bunn
- Kentucky Injury Prevention and Research Center, Department of Preventive Medicine and Environmental HealthUniversity of Kentucky College of Public HealthLexingtonKYUSA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Serna CA, Sanchez J, Arevalo O, Tomar SL, McCoy V, Devieux J, De La Rosa M, Bastida E. Self-reported factors associated with dental care utilization among Hispanic migrant farmworkers in South Florida. J Public Health Dent 2020; 80:186-193. [PMID: 32301123 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore patterns of dental care utilization among adult Hispanic migrant farmworkers utilizing the Andersen Behavioral Model of Health Services. METHODS In 2010, 278 Hispanic migrant workers participated in the oral health assessment. Hierarchical logistic regression modeling was used to assess the effects of multiple factors on having a past-year dental visit. Predisposing variables included age, education, and knowledge toward preventing tooth decay. Enabling factors included medical insurance, place for medical care, and social support. Need measures included oral health problems and treatment. RESULTS Only 20.5 percent of Hispanic migrant farmworkers reported a past-year dental visit. More than one-half (52.5 percent) needed oral health treatment and nearly two-thirds (61.2 percent) stated that they perceived their mouth to be in poor condition. The final model indicated that those who reported preventing tooth decay by brushing and flossing, brushed their teeth once a day, and stated a good condition of their mouth were more likely to have had a past-year dental visit. CONCLUSIONS Most Hispanic migrant farmworkers in south Florida have not had a past year dental visit. Similar to other ethnic minorities in the United States, migrant farmworkers experience poor oral health outcomes and have inadequate access to health-care services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A Serna
- Public Health, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Jesus Sanchez
- Sociobehavioral and Administrative Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Oscar Arevalo
- Pediatric Dentistry, Nicklaus Children's Hospital University of Puerto Rico School of Dentistry, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Scott L Tomar
- Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Virginia McCoy
- Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jessy Devieux
- Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Elena Bastida
- Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Arcury TA, Arnold TJ, Quandt SA, Chen H, Kearney GD, Sandberg JC, Talton JW, Wiggins MF, Daniel SS. Health and Occupational Injury Experienced by Latinx Child Farmworkers in North Carolina, USA. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 17:ijerph17010248. [PMID: 31905836 PMCID: PMC6981743 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Children as young as 10 years old are hired to work on farms in the United States (U.S.). These children are largely Latinx. Using interview data collected from 202 North Carolina Latinx child farmworkers in 2017, this analysis documents the heath characteristics and occupational injuries of Latinx child farmworkers and delineates characteristics associated with their health and occupational injuries. Latinx child farmworkers include girls (37.6%) and boys (62.4%), aged 10 to 17 years, with 17.8% being migrant farmworkers. Three-quarters reported receiving medical and dental care in the past year. Respiratory (15.8%) and vision (20.3%) problems were prevalent. Girls more than boys, and younger more than older children had greater health service utilization. Occupational injuries were common, with 26.2% reporting a traumatic injury, 44.1% a dermatological injury, 42.6% a musculoskeletal injury, and 45.5% heat-related illness in the past year. Age increased the odds of reporting work injuries and heat-related illness, and being a non-migrant reduced the odds of reporting work injuries. These results emphasize the need for greater documentation of child farmworker occupational health and safety. They underscore the need to change occupational safety policy to ensure that children working in agriculture have the same protections as those working in all other U.S. industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Arcury
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (T.J.A.); (J.C.S.); (S.S.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-336-716-9438
| | - Taylor J. Arnold
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (T.J.A.); (J.C.S.); (S.S.D.)
| | - Sara A. Quandt
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
| | - Haiying Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (H.C.); (J.W.T.)
| | - Gregory D. Kearney
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA;
| | - Joanne C. Sandberg
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (T.J.A.); (J.C.S.); (S.S.D.)
| | - Jennifer W. Talton
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (H.C.); (J.W.T.)
| | | | - Stephanie S. Daniel
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (T.J.A.); (J.C.S.); (S.S.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Riester SM, Leniek KL, Niece AD, Montoya-Barthelemy A, Wilson W, Sellman J, Anderson PJ, Bannister EL, Bovard RS, Kilbride KA, Koos KM, Kim H, McKinney ZJ, Abrar FA. Occupational medicine clinical practice data reveal increased injury rates among Hispanic workers. Am J Ind Med 2019; 62:309-316. [PMID: 30697792 PMCID: PMC6590790 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Minnesota has an ethnically diverse labor force, with the largest number of refugees per capita in the United States. In recent years, Minnesota has been and continues to be a major site for immigrant and refugee resettlement in the United States, with a large population of both immigrant and native born Hmong, Hispanic, and East Africans. This study seeks to evaluate the injury risk among the evolving minority workforce in the Minnesota Twin Cities region. Methods A retrospective cohort study identifying work‐related injuries following pre‐employment examinations was performed using electronic health records from a large multi‐clinic occupational medicine practice. Preplacement examinations and subsequent work‐related injuries were pulled from the electronic health record using representative ICD‐10 codes for surveillance examinations and injuries. This study included patient records collected over a 2‐year period from January 1, 2015, through December, 2016. The patients in this cohort worked in a wide‐array of occupations including production, assembly, construction, law enforcement, among others. Results Hispanic minority workers were twice as likely to be injured at work compared with White workers. Hispanics were 2.89 times more likely to develop back injuries compared with non‐Hispanic workers, and 1.86 times more likely to develop upper extremity injuries involving the hand, wrist, or elbow. Conclusion Clinical practice data shows that Hispanic workers are at increased risk for work‐related injuries in Minnesota. They were especially susceptible to back and upper extremity injuries. Lower injury rates in non‐Hispanic minority workers, may be the result of injury underreporting and require further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott M. Riester
- HealthPartners; St Paul Minnesota
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Minnesota
- Mayo Clinic; Rochester Minnesota
| | | | | | - Andre Montoya-Barthelemy
- HealthPartners; St Paul Minnesota
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - William Wilson
- HealthPartners; St Paul Minnesota
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Jonathan Sellman
- HealthPartners; St Paul Minnesota
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | | | | | - Ralph S. Bovard
- HealthPartners; St Paul Minnesota
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | | | | | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Zeke J. McKinney
- HealthPartners; St Paul Minnesota
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Primary Health Care Models Addressing Health Equity for Immigrants: A Systematic Scoping Review. J Immigr Minor Health 2019; 20:214-230. [PMID: 27858278 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-016-0531-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To examine two healthcare models, specifically "Primary Medical Care" (PMC) and "Primary Health Care" (PHC) in the context of immigrant populations' health needs. We conducted a systematic scoping review of studies that examined primary care provided to immigrants. We categorized studies into two models, PMC and PHC. We used subjects of access barriers and preventive interventions to analyze the potential of PMC/PHC to address healthcare inequities. From 1385 articles, 39 relevant studies were identified. In the context of immigrant populations, the PMC model was found to be more oriented to implement strategies that improve quality of care of the acute and chronically ill, while PHC models focused more on health promotion and strategies to address cultural and access barriers to care, and preventive strategies to address social determinants of health. Primary Health Care models may be better equipped to address social determinants of health, and thus have more potential to reduce immigrant populations' health inequities.
Collapse
|
18
|
Cheng TC, Guo Y. Adult Immigrants’ Utilization of Physician Visits, Dentist Visits, and Prescription Medication. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2018; 6:497-504. [DOI: 10.1007/s40615-018-00548-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
19
|
Turner RA, Szaboova L, Williams G. Constraints to healthcare access among commercial fishers. Soc Sci Med 2018; 216:10-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
20
|
Luo T, Escalante CL. Health care service utilization of documented and undocumented hired farmworkers in the U.S. THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS : HEPAC : HEALTH ECONOMICS IN PREVENTION AND CARE 2018; 19:923-934. [PMID: 29147814 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-017-0939-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This article analyzes issues related to U.S. hired farmworkers' utilization of health care services and their specific choices among health care provider and health bill payment method options. Using data from the National Agricultural Workers Surveys for the years 2000-2012, this article employs propensity score matching and probit estimation techniques to examine the health care utilization of hired farmworkers. This study's results indicate that undocumented hired farmworkers are 10.7 and 3% less likely to use U.S. and foreign health care, respectively, compared to documented farmworkers. Health insurance is found to significantly increase hired farmworkers' use of U.S. health care by 22.3%. Notably, compared to their documented working peers, undocumented workers are much less likely to patronize private clinics. They are even less likely to rely on migrant health centers even when these providers are their most viable sources of health care service.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyuan Luo
- Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Georgia, 305 Conner Hall, 147 Cedar St., Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Cesar L Escalante
- Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Georgia, 305 Conner Hall, 147 Cedar St., Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Simmons JM, Liebman AK, Sokas RK. Occupational Health in Community Health Centers: Practitioner Challenges and Recommendations. New Solut 2018; 28:110-130. [PMID: 29310509 DOI: 10.1177/1048291117749937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Primary care clinicians may be the only source of occupational healthcare for many low-wage, high-risk workers who experience disproportionate occupational hazards. The authors explored barriers to providing occupational healthcare and recommendations for overcoming these challenges. The team conducted six focus groups and eleven key-informant interviews in two community health centers and among clinicians, community health workers, and other personnel from similar settings. Clinicians reported not utilizing occupational information during clinical encounters and identified competing priorities, limited appointment time, and lack of training as key barriers. They cited workers' compensation as a source of confusion and frustration. However, most participants recognized occupation as an important social determinant of health and expressed interest in additional training and resources. Participants agreed that referral mechanisms for occupational medicine specialists and worker centers and changes in quality performance measures and electronic health records would be useful and that workers' compensation and immigration policies need reform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rosemary K Sokas
- 2 Department of Human Science, Georgetown University School of Nursing and Health Studies
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Prado JB, Mulay PR, Kasner EJ, Bojes HK, Calvert GM. Acute Pesticide-Related Illness Among Farmworkers: Barriers to Reporting to Public Health Authorities. J Agromedicine 2017; 22:395-405. [PMID: 28762882 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2017.1353936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
Farmworkers are at high risk of acute occupational pesticide-related illness (AOPI) and AOPI surveillance is vital to preventing these illnesses. Data on such illnesses are collected and analyzed to identify high-risk groups, high-risk pesticides, and root causes. Interventions to address these risks and root causes include farmworker outreach, education, and regulation. Unfortunately, it is well known that AOPI is underreported, meaning that the true burden of this condition remains unknown. This article reviews the barriers to reporting of farmworker AOPI to public health authorities and provides some practical solutions. Information is presented using the social-ecological model spheres of influence. Factors that contribute to farmworker AOPI underreporting include fear of job loss or deportation, limited English proficiency (LEP), limited access to health care, lack of clinician recognition of AOPI, farmworker ineligibility for workers' compensation (WC) benefits in many states, insufficient resources to conduct AOPI surveillance, and constraints in coordinating AOPI investigations across state agencies. Solutions to address these barriers include: emphasizing that employers encourage farmworkers to report safety concerns; raising farmworker awareness of federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) and increasing the availability of these clinics; improving environmental toxicology training to health-care students and professionals; encouraging government agencies to investigate pesticide complaints and provide easy-to-read reports of investigation findings; fostering public health reporting from electronic medical records, poison control centers (PCCs), and WC; expanding and strengthening AOPI state-based surveillance programs; and developing interagency agreements to outline the roles and responsibilities of each state agency involved with pesticide safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Prakash R Mulay
- b Florida Department of Health , Tallahassee , Florida , USA
| | - Edward J Kasner
- c Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences , University of Washington School of Public Health , Seattle , Washington , USA
| | - Heidi K Bojes
- d Texas Department of State Health Services , Austin , Texas , USA
| | - Geoffrey M Calvert
- e Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Cincinnati , Ohio , USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Min JY, Park SG, Hwang SH, Min KB. Disparities in precarious workers' health care access in South Korea. Am J Ind Med 2016; 59:1136-1144. [PMID: 27699816 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study explored whether precarious workers have difficulties in health care access as compared with non-precarious workers. METHODS The 2008 Korean Community Health Survey data were used for this study. Information was obtained on 51,322 participants (40,514 non-precarious workers and 10,808 precarious workers). Precarious workers were defined as part-time or contingent workers. RESULTS Precarious workers had significantly higher risk of limited access to hospitals (OR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.06-1.22) and dentists (OR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.21-1.36) than non-precarious workers; disparities in doctor contacts among precarious workers were mostly linked to not having enough money. The risk of not receiving preventive care-medical checkups (OR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.49-0.55) or cancer screenings (OR = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.77-0.86)-was also significantly elevated among precarious workers. CONCLUSION We found that precarious workers had more difficulty accessing health care or receiving health checkups or cancer screenings than their non-precarious counterparts. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:1136-1144, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Young Min
- Institute of Health and Environment; Seoul National University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Goo Park
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine; Inha University Hospital; Incheon Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Hwang
- Department of Dentistry; Keimyung University School of Medicine; Dalseo-Gu Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Bok Min
- Department of Preventive Medicine; College of Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Missikpode C, Peek-Asa C, Young T, Swanton A, Leinenkugel K, Torner J. Trends in non-fatal agricultural injuries requiring trauma care. Inj Epidemiol 2015; 2:30. [PMID: 26693134 PMCID: PMC4669366 DOI: 10.1186/s40621-015-0062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Efforts to control agricultural injuries have been underway for years. Yet, very little is known about their trends over time. We examined trends in non-fatal agricultural injuries through analyzing injuries reported in a state trauma registry. Methods Using Iowa Trauma Registry data collected by the Iowa Department of Public Health, we examined trends in non-fatal agricultural injuries reported by acute care hospitals accredited as Level I, II, and III Trauma Care Facilities from 2005 to 2013. Rate ratios and corresponding 95 % confidence intervals were used to examine the burden of non-fatal agricultural injuries across this period. Negative binomial regression was used to calculate the average annual change in agricultural injury rates over time. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to examine the average annual change in the number of injuries over time. Results Between 2005 and 2013, a total of 1238 agricultural injuries were reported to the trauma registry by Level I, II and III trauma facilities. From 2005 to 2013, the rate of agricultural injuries per 100,000 hired workers, ranchers, and farm operators increased by 11 % for every unit increase in year and had nearly tripled over this time period. From 2005 to 2008 there was a significant annual increase of 31.74 % in the number of agricultural injuries whereas from 2008 to 2013 there was a non-significant annual increase of 3.70 %. The number of moderate and severe/critical injuries increased steadily and significantly over the study period, with annual percent increases of 13 and 20 %, respectively. Conclusion Non-fatal agricultural injuries are rising, although the documented increases could be influenced in some part by treatment patterns in the trauma system, reporting bias or increases in farm work exposure. However, these issues do not likely account for all of the increase found, and this calls for an increase in priority of agricultural safety programs. Since the majority of research involves fatal injuries, information about non-fatal injuries may help inform new intervention approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celestin Missikpode
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of Iowa, 2190 WL, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA ; Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, 145 N. Riverside Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Corinne Peek-Asa
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of Iowa, 2190 WL, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA ; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, 145 N. Riverside Drive, 100 CPHB, S143, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Tracy Young
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of Iowa, 2190 WL, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Amanda Swanton
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of Iowa, 2190 WL, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Kathy Leinenkugel
- Iowa Department of Public Health, 321 E. 12th Street, Des Moines, IA 50319 USA
| | - James Torner
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, 145 N. Riverside Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite considerable debate surrounding the use of Medicaid by undocumented immigrants, few studies address the extent of this use or estimate differences in the use between documented and undocumented households. METHOD We analyzed data from the National Agricultural Workers Survey annual cross sections from 1993 through 2009, N = 41,342. Simple mean differences and logistic regressions predicted participation in Medicaid over 2-year intervals. RESULTS Without adjustments for covariates, 12.2% of undocumented farm workers' households and 22.6% of documented households received Medicaid benefits, corresponding to an odds ratio of 0.48 (95% confidence interval, 0.33 to 0.69). By adding only covariates reflecting presence of children in the household, the odds ratio increased to 0.86 (95% confidence interval, 0.73 to 1.02). CONCLUSIONS Undocumented farm workers' households were roughly half as likely to use Medicaid as documented households, and undocumented households' participation was especially responsive to the presence of children.
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Agricultural workers have a high risk of occupational injuries, illnesses, and fatalities. However, there are very few standardized tools available to assess safety and health in agricultural operations. Additionally, there are a number of groups of agricultural workers, including Hmong refugees and immigrants, for which virtually no information on safety and health conditions is available. This study developed an observation-based methodology for systematically evaluating occupational health and safety hazards in agriculture, and pilot-tested this on several small-scale Hmong farming operations. Each observation assessed of range of safety and health hazards (e.g., musculoskeletal hazards, dust and pollen, noise, and mechanical hazards), as well as on factors such as type of work area, presence of personal protective equipment, and weather conditions. Thirty-six observations were collected on nine farms. The most common hazards observed were bending at the back and lifting <50 pounds. Use of sharp tools without adequate guarding mechanisms, awkward postures, repetitive hand motions, and lifting >50 pounds were also common. The farming activities observed involved almost no power equipment, and no pesticide or chemical handling was observed. The use of personal protective equipment was uncommon. The results of this assessment agreed well with a parallel study of perceived safety and health hazards among Hmong agricultural workers. This study suggests that small-scale Hmong farming operations involve a variety of hazards, and that occupational health interventions may be warranted in this community. The study also demonstrates the utility of standardized assessment tools and mixed-method approaches to hazard evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R L Neitzel
- a R. L. Neitzel is affiliated with the Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Risk Science Center , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan , USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Liebman AK, Wiggins MF, Fraser C, Levin J, Sidebottom J, Arcury TA. Occupational health policy and immigrant workers in the agriculture, forestry, and fishing sector. Am J Ind Med 2013; 56:975-84. [PMID: 23606108 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immigrant workers make up an important portion of the hired workforce in the Agricultural, Forestry and Fishing (AgFF) sector, one of the most hazardous industry sectors in the US. Despite the inherent dangers associated with this sector, worker protection is limited. METHODS This article describes the current occupational health and safety policies and regulatory standards in the AgFF sector and underscores the regulatory exceptions and limitations in worker protections. Immigration policies and their effects on worker health and safety are also discussed. Emphasis is placed on policies and practices in the Southeastern US. RESULTS Worker protection in the AgFF sector is limited. Regulatory protections are generally weaker than other industrial sectors and enforcement of existing regulations is woefully inadequate. The vulnerability of the AgFF workforce is magnified by worker immigration status. Agricultural workers in particular are affected by a long history of "exceptionalism" under the law as many regulatory protections specifically exclude this workforce. CONCLUSIONS A vulnerable workforce and high-hazard industries require regulatory protections that, at a minimum, are provided to workers in other industries. A systematic policy approach to strengthen occupational safety and health in the AgFF sector must address both immigration policy and worker protection regulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy K. Liebman
- Migrant Clinicians Network - Maryland Office; Quantico, Maryland
| | | | | | - Jeffrey Levin
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler; Tyler, Texas
| | - Jill Sidebottom
- Mountain Conifer Integrated Pest Management; North Carolina State University; Mills River, North Carolina
| | | |
Collapse
|