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Coehoorn CJ, St Martin P, Teran J, Cowart H, Waite L, Newman S. Firefighter uncompensable heat stress results in excessive upper body temperatures measured by infrared thermography: Implications for cooling strategies. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2024; 120:104342. [PMID: 38959633 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
This research sought to evaluate the thermal zones of the upper body and firefighter personal protective equipment (PPE) immediately following uncompensable heat stress (0.03 °C increase/min). We hypothesized that the frontal portion of the head and the inside of the firefighter helmet would be the hottest as measured by infrared thermography. This hypothesis was due to previous research demonstrating that the head accounts for ∼8-10% of the body surface area, but it accounts for ∼20% of the overall body heat dissipation during moderate exercise. Twenty participants performed a 21-min graded treadmill exercise protocol (Altered Modified Naughton) in an environmental chamber (35 °C, 50 % humidity) in firefighter PPE. The body areas analyzed were the frontal area of the head, chest, abdomen, arm, neck, upper back, and lower back. The areas of the PPE that were analyzed were the inside of the helmet and the jacket. The hottest areas of the body post-exercise were the frontal area of the head (mean: 37.3 ± 0.4 °C), chest (mean: 37.5 ± 0.3 °C), and upper back (mean: 37.3 ± 0.4 °C). The coldest area of the upper body was the abdomen (mean: 36.1 ± 0.4 °C). The peak temperature of the inside of the helmet increased (p < 0.001) by 9.8 °C from 27.7 ± 1.6 °C to 37.4 ± 0.7 °C, and the inside of the jacket increased (p < 0.001) by 7.3 °C from 29.2 ± 1.7 °C to 36.5 ± 0.4 °C. The results of this study are relevant for cooling strategies for firefighters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Landon Waite
- Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, USA
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Glasgow TE, Burch JB, Arcan C, Fuemmeler BF. Cancer Prevention Among Firefighters: Examining Lifestyle, Screening Behavior, and Beliefs. Workplace Health Saf 2024:21650799241254097. [PMID: 38805485 DOI: 10.1177/21650799241254097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Firefighters are at increased risk of developing cancer due to occupational exposures, but they may also face increased risk due to their lifestyle, such as the quality of their diet and physical activity. Cancer beliefs and screening behavior could also influence their cancer risk. The current study aimed to identify individual differences associated with lifestyle behaviors, cancer screening, and cancer beliefs among firefighters; to describe the strategies firefighters use to adapt to their work schedule; and to describe topics firefighters believe are the most important to address in their workplace. METHODS Career firefighters (N = 171) in a medium-sized U.S. city completed an online survey. FINDINGS Logistic regression analyses identified age, education, racial identity, years of fire service, perceived stress, and rank as predictors of responses to items addressing cancer screening, lifestyle behaviors, and cancer beliefs. Although results varied, age, education, and racial identity were associated with most of the outcomes. Strategies related to sleep such as getting the right amount and napping, exercise, and getting family/roommate support were selected as the top adaptive strategies for work. Sleep, mental health/well-being, and work-life balance were selected most often as the most important topics to address in the fire service, with topics related to reducing occupational exposures receiving less attention. CONCLUSIONS/APPLICATION TO PRACTICE The findings suggest individual differences, such as age, education, and racial identity, should be considered when developing occupational health interventions for firefighters. Interventions related to mental health, work-life balance, and sleep may be desired most by those in the fire service.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James B Burch
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, School of Medicine and School of Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Chrisa Arcan
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, School of Medicine and School of Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Bernard F Fuemmeler
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, School of Medicine and School of Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University
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Beckett A, Scott JR, Chater AM, Ferrandino L, Aldous JWF. The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Firefighters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6814. [PMID: 37835084 PMCID: PMC10572458 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20196814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies consistently report a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among firefighters. However, the clustering of CVD risk factors, defined as metabolic syndrome (MetSyn), has received little attention by comparison. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the pooled prevalence of MetSyn among firefighters. Using combinations of free text for 'firefighter' and 'metabolic syndrome', databases were searched for eligible studies. Meta-analyses calculated weighted pooled prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for MetSyn, its components and overweight/obesity. Univariate meta-regression was performed to explore sources of heterogeneity. Of 1440 articles screened, 25 studies were included in the final analysis. The pooled prevalence of MetSyn in 31,309 firefighters was 22.3% (95% CI: 17.7-27.0%). The prevalences of MetSyn components were hypertension: 39.1%; abdominal obesity: 37.9%; hypertriglyceridemia: 30.2%; dyslipidemia: 30.1%; and hyperglycemia: 21.1%. Overweight and obesity prevalence rates in firefighters were 44.1% and 35.6%, respectively. Meta-regression revealed that decreased risk of bias (RoB) score and increased body mass index (BMI) were positively associated with an increase in MetSyn prevalence. Since one in five firefighters may meet the criteria for MetSyn, novel interventions should be explored to both prevent MetSyn and reduce the onset of CVD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Beckett
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research (ISPAR), University of Bedfordshire, Bedford MK41 9EA, UK; (J.R.S.); (A.M.C.); (L.F.); (J.W.F.A.)
| | - Jake Riley Scott
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research (ISPAR), University of Bedfordshire, Bedford MK41 9EA, UK; (J.R.S.); (A.M.C.); (L.F.); (J.W.F.A.)
| | - Angel Marie Chater
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research (ISPAR), University of Bedfordshire, Bedford MK41 9EA, UK; (J.R.S.); (A.M.C.); (L.F.); (J.W.F.A.)
- Centre for Behaviour Change (CBC), University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Louise Ferrandino
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research (ISPAR), University of Bedfordshire, Bedford MK41 9EA, UK; (J.R.S.); (A.M.C.); (L.F.); (J.W.F.A.)
| | - Jeffrey William Frederick Aldous
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research (ISPAR), University of Bedfordshire, Bedford MK41 9EA, UK; (J.R.S.); (A.M.C.); (L.F.); (J.W.F.A.)
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Ras J, Kengne AP, Smith DL, Soteriades ES, November RV, Leach L. Effects of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors, Musculoskeletal Health, and Physical Fitness on Occupational Performance in Firefighters-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11946. [PMID: 36231242 PMCID: PMC9564707 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191911946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Background: Firefighting is a strenuous occupation, which necessitates that firefighters stay in good physical condition and maintain adequate cardiovascular and musculoskeletal fitness to perform their duties with minimal health and safety risks. The aim of this review is to determine the effects of cardiovascular disease risk factors, musculoskeletal health, and physical fitness on the occupational performance of firefighters. Methods: PubMed/Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science, EBSCOHost, and ScienceDirect were searched without time-restriction. The appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme toolkit were used to conduct the methodological assessment. Data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3, and MedCalc® statistical software. Results: Age had a moderate effect on occupational performance (Z = 5.15, p < 0.001), whereas gender had a large effect size on occupational performance (Z = 4.24, p < 0.001). A significant moderate negative correlation was found between cardiorespiratory fitness and occupational performance (R = -0.584, p < 0.001). Significant low negative correlations were found between upper body endurance (R = -0.344, p < 0.001), abdominal endurance (R = -0.308, p < 0.001), grip strength (R = -0.421, p < 0.001), upper body strength (R = -0.318, p < 0.001), and lower body strength (R = -0.216, p = 0.020) and occupational performance. Conclusions: Aged firefighters with poor body composition and lower levels of physical fitness performed worse on all occupational performance tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaron Ras
- Department of Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Andre P. Kengne
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Denise L. Smith
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York, NY 12866, USA
| | - Elpidoforos S. Soteriades
- Healthcare Management Program, School of Economics and Management, Open University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2220, Cyprus
| | - Rucia V. November
- Department of Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Lloyd Leach
- Department of Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
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Bond CW, Waletzko SP, Reed V, Glasner E, Noonan BC. Retrospective Longitudinal Evaluation of Male Firefighter's Body Composition and Cardiovascular Health. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:123-130. [PMID: 34412096 PMCID: PMC8816824 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Describe firefighter body composition and cardiovascular health as a function of age. METHODS 217 male firefighters with 1922 distinct evaluations over 23-years were included in this retrospective analysis. The firefighters had their height, mass, six-site skin-fold, blood pressure, and resting heart rate measured annually. Linear mixed models were used to analyze the effect of age. Significance was set to P < 0.05. RESULTS With each 1-year increase in age, mass (0.42 kg, P < 0.001), body mass index (0.13 kg m-2, P < 0.001), body fat percentage (0.18%, P < 0.001), fat mass (0.25 kg, P < 0.001), and fat free mass (0.15 kg, P < 0.001) increased. Systolic blood pressure (-0.09 mm Hg, P = 0.263), diastolic blood pressure (0.05 mm Hg, P = 0.308), and resting heart rate (0.07 beats min-1, P = 0.291) did not change. CONCLUSIONS Interventions to maintain healthy body composition are critical to reduce sudden cardiovascular related death risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin W. Bond
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Sanford Health, Fargo, ND, USA
| | | | - Valerie Reed
- Sanford Research, Sanford Health, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Ellie Glasner
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Sanford Health, Fargo, ND, USA
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Demiralp N, Özel F. Evaluation of metabolic syndrome and sleep quality in shift workers. Occup Med (Lond) 2021; 71:453-459. [PMID: 34791382 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqab140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shift workers have risks associated with metabolic syndrome and low sleep quality. AIMS This study aimed to examine metabolic syndrome and sleep quality in firefighters and mine workers working shifts and daytime hours. METHODS A comparative descriptive study was conducted in two institutions on firefighters and mine workers (n = 120) who were working shifts (n = 84) and working daytime hours (n = 36). The data were obtained using a questionnaire including socio-demographic information, anthropometric measurements and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. RESULTS When risk of metabolic syndrome was compared with sleep quality, it was found that according to International Diabetes Federation criteria, 11% of those diagnosed with metabolic syndrome among shift-working firefighters and 5% of those diagnosed with metabolic syndrome among shift-working miners had low sleep quality. It was found that according to the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III criteria, 9% of those diagnosed with metabolic syndrome among shift firefighters and 2% of those diagnosed with metabolic syndrome among shift miners had low sleep quality. CONCLUSIONS Preventive measures should be taken to reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome in shift workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Demiralp
- Department of Civil Defense and Fire Fighting Program, Kastamonu University, Bozkurt Vocational High School, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - F Özel
- Department of Nursing, Kastamonu University, School of Health Science, Kastamonu, Turkey
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Moffatt SM, Stewart DF, Jack K, Dudar MD, Bode ED, Mathias KC, Smith DL. Cardiometabolic health among United States firefighters by age. Prev Med Rep 2021; 23:101492. [PMID: 34354906 PMCID: PMC8322457 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic health in male firefighters was lowest among 45–50 year olds. Cardiometabolic health continually decreased with age among female firefighters. Firefighters have similar or better cardiometabolic health than the US population. Cardiometabolic risk factors were prevalent in firefighters and the US population.
Firefighting is strenuous work that results in considerable cardiovascular strain. Sudden cardiac events are the leading cause of duty-related death in the fire service. This cross-sectional study examined cardiometabolic measures and prevalence of risk factors in firefighters by age and sex and compare these data to the general population. Data obtained at medical exams (2015–2018) from 4279 male and 234 female career firefighters at four occupational health clinics in the United States were analyzed. Estimates for the general population were obtained using the 2015–16 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey fasting subsample. Linear regression models stratified by sex with age modelled as a continuous variable were used to examine general trends. Point estimates across age groups (20–29, 30–39, 40–49, and 50–59 year olds) for cardiometabolic measures were reported. Among the total sample, 36% were obese and 25% had low HDL cholesterol. Females had significantly lower body mass index (BMI), LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and blood glucose than males. A significant quadratic relationship of age with BMI, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides was found in males with increasing values peaking between 45 and 50 years. Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol increased with age among females. Blood glucose increased with age in both sexes. Firefighters had similar or better cardiometabolic health profiles than the US general population; however, both samples had a concerning prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors among individuals ≥ 40 years of age. Health professionals and fire service members alike should consider prevention efforts among young firefighters and better treatment among older firefighters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Moffatt
- Public Safety Medical, 6612 East 75th Street 2nd Floor, Indianapolis, IN 46250, USA
| | - Donald F Stewart
- Public Safety Occupational Health Center, 12099 Government Center Parkway, Fairfax, VA 22035, USA
| | - Kepra Jack
- HeartFit For Duty, LLC, 5432 E Southern Ave Suite 101, Mesa, AZ 85206, USA
| | - Monique D Dudar
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Sports and Recreation Center # 241, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA
| | - Emilie D Bode
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Sports and Recreation Center # 241, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA
| | - Kevin C Mathias
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Sports and Recreation Center # 241, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA
| | - Denise L Smith
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Sports and Recreation Center # 241, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA
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The Mediterranean lifestyle (MEDLIFE) index and metabolic syndrome in a non-Mediterranean working population. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:2494-2503. [PMID: 33932793 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The Mediterranean lifestyle (MEDLIFE), as an overall lifestyle pattern, may be associated with a lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome. We assessed the association of a validated MEDLIFE index with metabolic syndrome and its components in a non-Mediterranean working population. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was conducted at baseline among 249 US career firefighters in Feeding America's Bravest 2016-2018. The MEDLIFE index consisted of 26 items on food consumption, dietary habits, physical activity, rest, and social interactions that scored 0 or 1 point. Thus, total scores could range from 0 to 26 points. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine the associations across tertiles of MEDLIFE adherence with metabolic syndrome and each of its individual components. Multivariable linear models further assessed each component as a continuous outcome. RESULTS The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 17.7%. Participants with higher MEDLIFE adherence (T3: 11-17 points) had 71% lower odds of having metabolic syndrome compared to those with lower MEDLIFE adherence (T1: 2-7 points) (OR = 0.29; 95%CI: 0.10 to 0.90, p for trend = 0.04). Furthermore, significant inverse associations were found for T3 versus T1 on abdominal obesity (OR = 0.42; 95%CI: 0.18 to 0.99, p for trend = 0.07) and hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 0.24; 95%CI: 0.09 to 0.63, p for trend = 0.002). Significant inverse associations for continuous outcomes included total-cholesterol (total-c), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and total-c:high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (p for trend <0.05). CONCLUSION Higher adherence to traditional Mediterranean lifestyle habits, as measured by a comprehensive MEDLIFE index, was associated with a lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome and a more favorable cardiometabolic profile in a non-Mediterranean working population. Future studies employing the MEDLIFE index in other populations are warranted to support this hypothesis.
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Simple Prediction of Metabolic Equivalents of Daily Activities Using Heart Rate Monitor without Calibration of Individuals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 17:ijerph17010216. [PMID: 31892255 PMCID: PMC6981897 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background: Heart rate (HR) during physical activity is strongly affected by the level of physical fitness. Therefore, to assess the effects of fitness, we developed predictive equations to estimate the metabolic equivalent (MET) of daily activities, which includes low intensity activities, by % HR reserve (%HRR), resting HR, and multiple physical characteristics. Methods: Forty volunteers between the ages of 21 and 55 performed 20 types of daily activities while recording HR and sampling expired gas to evaluate METs values. Multiple regression analysis was performed to develop prediction models of METs with seven potential predictors, such as %HRR, resting HR, and sex. The contributing parameters were selected based on the brute force method. Additionally, leave-one-out method was performed to validate the prediction models. Results: %HRR, resting HR, sex, and height were selected as the independent variables. %HRR showed the highest contribution in the model, while the other variables exhibited small variances. METs were estimated within a 17.3% difference for each activity, with large differences in document arrangement while sitting (+17%), ascending stairs (−8%), and descending stairs (+8%). Conclusions: The results showed that %HRR is a strong predictor for estimating the METs of daily activities. Resting HR and other variables were mild contributors. (201 words)
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Kim H, Choi B. Nonlinear Relationship Between Blood Pressure and Glaucoma in US Adults. Am J Hypertens 2019; 32:308-316. [PMID: 30535341 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpy186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported that vascular disease is associated with glaucoma. However, the relationship between blood pressure (BP) and glaucoma has been inconsistent. We investigated whether there is a nonlinear association between BP and glaucoma in an adult population of the United States. METHODS From the 2005-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, 4,137 participants aged 40 years and older were chosen. BP was assessed based on a standard protocol. Glaucoma was determined using fundus photographs. Age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, poverty, antihypertensive medication, and history of cardiovascular disease were also considered in analyses. RESULTS The prevalence of glaucoma was 1.2%. In the multivariate analysis, both high (≥161 mm Hg) and low (≤110 mm Hg) levels of systolic BP were found to be positively associated with glaucoma in those without antihypertensive medications: their prevalence ratios (95% confidence intervals) for glaucoma were 6.42 (1.01-40.81) and 5.46 (1.77-16.53), respectively, when compared to the reference levels of systolic BP (111-120 mm Hg). Also, both high (≥91 mm Hg) and low (≤60 mm Hg) levels of diastolic BP were positively associated with glaucoma in those without antihypertensive medications. The prevalence of glaucoma was lowest in those having systolic BP levels of 111-120 mm Hg and diastolic BP levels of 81-90 mm Hg. However, there were no such U-shaped relationships in those with antihypertensive medications. CONCLUSIONS There was a nonlinear (U-shaped) relationship between BP and the glaucoma in those without antihypertensive medications. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm our findings, including the optimal BP levels for the prevention of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojin Kim
- Department of Visual Optics, Division of Health Science, Baekseok University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - BongKyoo Choi
- Department of Medicine and Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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Chang CH, Lin KC, Ho CS, Huang CC. Accuracy of the energy expenditure during uphill exercise measured by the Waist-worn ActiGraph. J Exerc Sci Fit 2019; 17:62-66. [PMID: 30792740 PMCID: PMC6370579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/objective The application of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Sensors (MEMS) as measurements of energy expenditure (EE) has certain disadvantages. For example, the inertial sensors cannot easily distinguish changes in ground slope during walking/running conditions, so the accuracy of EE calculation is biased. To resolve this issue, heart rate (HR) and heart rate reserve (HRR) were used as compensatory factors respectively to correct the classical empirical formula of the accelerometer analyzer for EE in this study. Methods To explore the improvement of the accuracy of EE during uphill exercise and compare the correction levels between HR and HRR, oxygen uptake was used as a criterion measure (CM). Thirty healthy adult males wore an ActiGraph GT3X with the Polar HR monitor and Vmax indirect calorimeter during twelve treadmill activities (3 gradients and 4 speeds). Results When the slopes were increased by 0%, 3%, and 6%, the measurement accuracy of the accelerometers, calculated by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), decreased by 0.877, 0.755, and 0.504, respectively (p < 0.05). The HR and HRR parameters of linear regression were used to correct the classical formula. The results showed that HR had higher coefficients of determination (R2) (0.801, 0.700, and 0.642 respectively) and ICCs (0.887, 0.825, and 0.785 respectively) than did the accelerometer outputs. HRR showed the highest coefficients of determination (R2) (0.821, 0.728, and 0.656 respectively) and ICCs (0.901, 0.844, and 0.795 respectively). Conclusions Through adding HRR parameters, the accuracy of the classical prediction formula EE was significantly improved during walking/running on sloping ground.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hao Chang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, No. 250, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chuan Lin
- Office of Physical Education, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200, Chung Pei Road, Chung Li District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Shan Ho
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, No. 250, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Corresponding author. Tel.: 886 3328 3201.
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, No. 250, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
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