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Yasmeen F, Pirzada RH, Ahmad B, Choi B, Choi S. Understanding Autoimmunity: Mechanisms, Predisposing Factors, and Cytokine Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7666. [PMID: 39062908 PMCID: PMC11277571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoimmunity refers to an organism's immune response against its own healthy cells, tissues, or components, potentially leading to irreversible damage to vital organs. Central and peripheral tolerance mechanisms play crucial roles in preventing autoimmunity by eliminating self-reactive T and B cells. The disruption of immunological tolerance, characterized by the failure of these mechanisms, results in the aberrant activation of autoreactive lymphocytes that target self-tissues, culminating in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders. Genetic predispositions, environmental exposures, and immunoregulatory disturbances synergistically contribute to the susceptibility and initiation of autoimmune pathologies. Within the realm of immune therapies for autoimmune diseases, cytokine therapies have emerged as a specialized strategy, targeting cytokine-mediated regulatory pathways to rectify immunological imbalances. Proinflammatory cytokines are key players in inducing and propagating autoimmune inflammation, highlighting the potential of cytokine therapies in managing autoimmune conditions. This review discusses the etiology of autoimmune diseases, current therapeutic approaches, and prospects for future drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Yasmeen
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (F.Y.); (B.C.)
- S&K Therapeutics, Ajou University Campus Plaza 418, Worldcup-ro 199, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16502, Republic of Korea
| | - Rameez Hassan Pirzada
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (F.Y.); (B.C.)
- S&K Therapeutics, Ajou University Campus Plaza 418, Worldcup-ro 199, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16502, Republic of Korea
| | - Bilal Ahmad
- S&K Therapeutics, Ajou University Campus Plaza 418, Worldcup-ro 199, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16502, Republic of Korea
| | - Bogeum Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (F.Y.); (B.C.)
| | - Sangdun Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (F.Y.); (B.C.)
- S&K Therapeutics, Ajou University Campus Plaza 418, Worldcup-ro 199, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16502, Republic of Korea
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Enzinger AC, Ghosh K, Keating NL, Cutler DM, Clark CR, Florez N, Landrum MB, Wright AA. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Opioid Access and Urine Drug Screening Among Older Patients With Poor-Prognosis Cancer Near the End of Life. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:2511-2522. [PMID: 36626695 PMCID: PMC10414726 DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.01413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize racial and ethnic disparities and trends in opioid access and urine drug screening (UDS) among patients dying of cancer, and to explore potential mechanisms. METHODS Among 318,549 non-Hispanic White (White), Black, and Hispanic Medicare decedents older than 65 years with poor-prognosis cancers, we examined 2007-2019 trends in opioid prescription fills and potency (morphine milligram equivalents [MMEs] per day [MMEDs]) near the end of life (EOL), defined as 30 days before death or hospice enrollment. We estimated the effects of race and ethnicity on opioid access, controlling for demographic and clinical factors. Models were further adjusted for socioeconomic factors including dual-eligibility status, community-level deprivation, and rurality. We similarly explored disparities in UDS. RESULTS Between 2007 and 2019, White, Black, and Hispanic decedents experienced steady declines in EOL opioid access and rapid expansion of UDS. Compared with White patients, Black and Hispanic patients were less likely to receive any opioid (Black, -4.3 percentage points, 95% CI, -4.8 to -3.6; Hispanic, -3.6 percentage points, 95% CI, -4.4 to -2.9) and long-acting opioids (Black, -3.1 percentage points, 95% CI, -3.6 to -2.8; Hispanic, -2.2 percentage points, 95% CI, -2.7 to -1.7). They also received lower daily doses (Black, -10.5 MMED, 95% CI, -12.8 to -8.2; Hispanic, -9.1 MMED, 95% CI, -12.1 to -6.1) and lower total doses (Black, -210 MMEs, 95% CI, -293 to -207; Hispanic, -179 MMEs, 95% CI, -217 to -142); Black patients were also more likely to undergo UDS (0.5 percentage points; 95% CI, 0.3 to 0.8). Disparities in EOL opioid access and UDS disproportionately affected Black men. Adjustment for socioeconomic factors did not attenuate the EOL opioid access disparities. CONCLUSION There are substantial and persistent racial and ethnic inequities in opioid access among older patients dying of cancer, which are not mediated by socioeconomic variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C. Enzinger
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Kaushik Ghosh
- New England Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA
| | - Nancy L. Keating
- Department of Healthcare Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - David M. Cutler
- New England Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Healthcare Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Economics, Harvard University, Boston, MA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (DMC), Boston, MA
| | - Cheryl R. Clark
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Narjust Florez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | - Alexi A. Wright
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Wai Y, Charan M. Occupational Silica Exposure and Pericarditis: An Uncommon Link. Cureus 2023; 15:e33856. [PMID: 36819347 PMCID: PMC9932830 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a multi-system necrotising vasculitis, particularly affecting small vessels. Upper respiratory tracts, lungs and kidneys are common target organs, while cardiac involvement would also be the first and rare manifestation of the disease. In GPA with cardiac involvement, structures such as the pericardium, myocardium, endocardium and conduction system could be involved. In the literature, there are reports of an association between autoimmune diseases and silica exposure. In our case, a 73-year-old sculptor with regular exposure to silica presented with pericarditis and was later diagnosed with granulomatosis with polyangiitis. This report provides additional evidence of an association between silica exposure and autoimmune vasculitis.
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Khan SNS, Stirling RG, Mclean CA, Russell PA, Hoy RF. GM‐CSF
antibodies in artificial stone associated silicoproteinosis: A case report and literature review. Respirol Case Rep 2022; 10:e01021. [PMID: 35978719 PMCID: PMC9366405 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare lung disease where there is accumulation of surfactant in the alveoli. It can be classified based on the underlying aetiology into three categories: primary, secondary and congenital. Autoantibodies to granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF‐Ab) are a key diagnostic feature of autoimmune PAP. High intensity occupational exposure and inhalation of toxic particles such as silica can cause a form of secondary PAP called acute silicoproteinosis. We describe a 26‐year‐old stone benchtop fabricator with silicoproteinosis following daily exposure to high levels of silica who had elevated serum GM‐CSF‐Ab. We discuss the role of GM‐CSF‐Ab in cases of PAP with occupational inhalational exposure and the challenges in its interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana N. S. Khan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Alfred Health Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Robert G. Stirling
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Alfred Health Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Department of Medicine Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Catriona A. Mclean
- Department of Medicine Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology Alfred Health Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | | | - Ryan F. Hoy
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Alfred Health Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
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Zhao Y, Xu G, Li H, Chang M, Xiong C, Tao Y, Guan Y, Li Y, Yao S. Genome-wide mRNA profiling identifies the NRF2-regulated lymphocyte oxidative stress status in patients with silicosis. J Occup Med Toxicol 2021; 16:40. [PMID: 34517882 PMCID: PMC8436508 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-021-00332-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunomodulatory abnormalities of silicosis are related to the lymphocyte oxidative stress state. The potential effect of antioxidant therapy on silicosis may depend on the variation in nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-regulated antioxidant genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). As NRF2 is a redox-sensitive transcription factor, its possible roles and underlying mechanism in the treatment of silicosis need to be clarified. METHODS Ninety-two male patients with silicosis and 87 male healthy volunteers were randomly selected. PBMCs were isolated from fresh blood from patients with silicosis and healthy controls. The lymphocyte oxidative stress state was investigated by evaluating NRF2 expression and NRF2-dependent antioxidative genes in PBMCs from patients with silicosis. Key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and signaling pathways were identified utilizing RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and bioinformatics technology. Gene set enrichment analysis was used to identify the differences in NRF2 signaling networks between patients with silicosis and healthy controls. RESULTS The number of monocytes was significantly higher in patients with silicosis than that of healthy controls. Furthermore, RNA-Seq findings were confirmed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and revealed that NRF2-regulated DEGs were associated with glutathione metabolism, transforming growth factor-β, and the extracellular matrix receptor interaction signaling pathway in PBMCs from patients with silicosis. The top 10 hub genes were identified by PPI analysis: SMAD2, MAPK3, THBS1, SMAD3, ITGB3, integrin alpha-V (ITGAV), von Willebrand factor (VWF), BMP4, CD44, and SMAD7. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that NRF2 signaling regulates the lymphocyte oxidative stress state and may contribute to fibrogenic responses in human PBMCs. Therefore, NRF2 might serve as a novel preventive and therapeutic candidate for silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzheng Zhao
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, 063009, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangcui Xu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Li
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, 063009, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiyu Chang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Xiong
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjun Tao
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Guan
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, 063009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchun Li
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Sanqiao Yao
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, 063009, People's Republic of China. .,School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, People's Republic of China.
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Wilson A, Velasco CA, Herbert GW, Lucas SN, Sanchez BN, Cerrato JM, Spilde M, Li QZ, Campen MJ, Zychowski KE. Mine-site derived particulate matter exposure exacerbates neurological and pulmonary inflammatory outcomes in an autoimmune mouse model. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2021; 84:503-517. [PMID: 33682625 PMCID: PMC8052313 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2021.1891488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The Southwestern United States has a legacy of industrial mining due to the presence of rich mineral ore deposits. The relationship between environmental inhaled particulate matter (PM) exposures and neurological outcomes within an autoimmune context is understudied. The aim of this study was to compare two regionally-relevant dusts from high-priority abandoned mine-sites, Claim 28 PM, from Blue Gap Tachee, AZ and St. Anthony mine PM, from the Pueblo of Laguna, NM and to expose autoimmune-prone mice (NZBWF1/J). Mice were randomly assigned to one of three groups (n = 8/group): DM (dispersion media, control), Claim 28 PM, or St. Anthony PM, subjected to oropharyngeal aspiration of (100 µg/50 µl), once per week for a total of 4 consecutive doses. A battery of immunological and neurological endpoints was assessed at 24 weeks of age including: bronchoalveolar lavage cell counts, lung gene expression, brain immunohistochemistry, behavioral tasks and serum autoimmune biomarkers. Bronchoalveolar lavage results demonstrated a significant increase in number of polymorphonuclear neutrophils following Claim 28 and St. Anthony mine PM aspiration. Lung mRNA expression showed significant upregulation in CCL-2 and IL-1ß following St. Anthony mine PM aspiration. In addition, neuroinflammation was present in both Claim 28 and St. Anthony mine-site derived PM exposure groups. Behavioral tasks resulted in significant deficits as determined by Y-maze new arm frequency following Claim 28 aspiration. Neutrophil elastase was significantly upregulated in the St. Anthony mine exposure group. Interestingly, there were no significant changes in serum autoantigens suggesting systemic inflammatory effects may be mediated through other molecular mechanisms following low-dose PM exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Wilson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Carmen A. Velasco
- Department of Civil, Construction & Environmental Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Ritter s/n & Bolivia, Quito 17-01-3972, Ecuador
| | - Guy W. Herbert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Selita N. Lucas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Bethany N. Sanchez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - José M. Cerrato
- Department of Civil, Construction & Environmental Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Michael Spilde
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, MSC03 2040, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Quan-Zhen Li
- Department of Immunology and Microarray Core, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Matthew J. Campen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Katherine E. Zychowski
- College of Nursing, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
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The Effects of Asbestos Fibers on Human T Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21196987. [PMID: 32977478 PMCID: PMC7584019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21196987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Asbestos exposure causes malignant tumors such as lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma. The effects of asbestos fibers on immunocompetent cells, however, have not been well studied. Asbestos physically comprises a fibrous substance, which differs from silica particles which are a particulate substance, although chemically it is a mineral silicate. Since silicosis patients previously exposed to silica particles often suffer from lung and autoimmune diseases, it is clear that silica exposure impairs immune tolerance. Similarly, asbestos may alter the immune system in asbestos-exposed individuals. Given that malignant tumors can result following exposure to asbestos, the attenuation of anti-tumor immunity in cases of asbestos exposure is an important area of investigation. We observed the effect of asbestos fibers on T lymphocytes, such as CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), CD4+ helper T (Th), and regulatory T (Treg) cells, and showed that anti-tumor immunity was attenuated, as demonstrated in a system that stimulates fresh cells isolated from peripheral blood in vitro and a system that is continuously exposed to a cell line. In this manuscript, we introduce the experiments and results of studies on CTLs, as well as Th and Treg cells, and discuss how future changes in immunocompetent cells induced by asbestos fibers can be clinically linked.
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Jonsson E, Järvholm B, Andersson M. Silica dust and sarcoidosis in Swedish construction workers. Occup Med (Lond) 2020; 69:482-486. [PMID: 31504840 PMCID: PMC6913734 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqz118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aetiology of sarcoidosis is not well established. In previous studies, smoking has been negatively associated with sarcoidosis and there are some indications of an association between exposure to silica dust and sarcoidosis. Aims To study the risk of sarcoidosis in relation to silica dust exposure. Methods A longitudinal cohort of construction workers linked with a registry of Swedish inpatient diagnoses. Workers were designated as exposed or unexposed to silica based on job titles in a job–exposure matrix. The relative risk (RR) was analysed with Poisson regression adjusting for age and smoking. Results We identified 371 cases of sarcoidosis among 297 917 male workers. There was an increased risk of sarcoidosis in the medium- to high-exposure group [RR 1.83 (95% confidence interval {CI} 1.14–2.95)]. A stratified analysis according to smoking showed that ever-smoking workers had an increased risk of sarcoidosis if highly exposed to silica dust [RR 2.44 (95% CI 1.37–4.33)] compared to non-exposed ever-smokers. The risk of non-smokers highly exposed to silica was not significantly increased [RR 1.07 (95% CI 0.72–1.58)] compared to non-exposed non-smokers. Conclusion The study indicates an increased risk of developing sarcoidosis in ever-smoking men exposed to silica.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Jonsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - B Järvholm
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - M Andersson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Yamamoto S, Lee S, Matsuzaki H, Kumagai-Takei N, Yoshitome K, Sada N, Shimizu Y, Ito T, Nishimura Y, Otsuki T. Enhanced expression of nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT) and its role in a human T cell line continuously exposed to asbestos. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 138:105654. [PMID: 32187573 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects of asbestos fibers on human immune cells have not been well documented. We have developed a continuously exposed cell line model using the human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1)-immortalized human T cell line MT-2. Sublines continuously exposed to chrysotile (CH) or crocidolite (CR) showed acquired resistance to asbestos-induced apoptosis following transient and high-dose re-exposure with fibers. These sublines in addition to other immune cells such as natural killer cells or cytotoxic T lymphocytes exposed to asbestos showed a reduction in anti-tumor immunity. In this study, the expression of genes and molecules related to antioxidative stress was examined. Furthermore, complexes related to oxidative phosphorylation were investigated since the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is important when considering the effects of asbestos in carcinogenesis and the mechanisms involved in resistance to asbestos-induced apoptosis. In sublines continuously exposed to CH or CR, the expression of thioredoxin decreased. Interestingly, nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT) expression was markedly enhanced. Thus, knockdown of NNT was then performed. Although the knockdown clones did not show any changes in proliferation or occurrence of apoptosis, these clones showed recovery of ROS production with returning NADPH/NADP+ ratio that increased with decreased production of ROS in continuously exposed sublines. These results indicated that NNT is a key factor in preventing ROS-induced cytotoxicity in T cells continuously exposed to asbestos. Considering that these sublines showed a reduction in anti-tumor immunity, modification of NNT may contribute to recovery of the anti-tumor effects in asbestos-exposed T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Yamamoto
- Department of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 7010192 Okayama, Japan
| | - Suni Lee
- Department of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 7010192 Okayama, Japan
| | - Hidenori Matsuzaki
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara, Hiroshima 727-0023, Japan
| | - Naoko Kumagai-Takei
- Department of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 7010192 Okayama, Japan
| | - Kei Yoshitome
- Department of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 7010192 Okayama, Japan
| | - Nagisa Sada
- Department of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 7010192 Okayama, Japan; Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yurika Shimizu
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Tastsuo Ito
- Department of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 7010192 Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasumitsu Nishimura
- Department of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 7010192 Okayama, Japan
| | - Takemi Otsuki
- Department of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 7010192 Okayama, Japan.
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Mourad BH, Ashour YA. Demonstration of Subclinical Early Nephrotoxicity Induced by Occupational Exposure to Silica among Workers in Pottery Industry. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE 2020; 11:85-94. [PMID: 32218556 PMCID: PMC7205507 DOI: 10.34172/ijoem.2020.1886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For many years, several studies drew attention to the possible nephrotoxic effects of silica and distinct renal dysfunction involving glomerular and renal tubules in workers exposed to silica. OBJECTIVE To determine the early signs of subclinical nephrotoxic effects among some Egyptian workers exposed to silica in the pottery industry. METHODS This study was carried out in El-Fawakhir handicraft pottery area, in Greater Cairo, Egypt. The studied population included 29 non-smoking male workers occupationally exposed to silica in addition to 35 non-smoking administrative male subjects who represented the comparison group in the study. Measured urinary parameters were concentrations of total protein (TP), microalbumin (Malb), activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), and silicon (Si). RESULTS Silica-exposed workers showed significantly (p<0.05) increased levels of urinary TP, Malb, ALP, γ-GT, LDH, and KIM-1 compared with the comparison group. Among the silicaexposed group, increased urinary Si levels were positively and significantly correlated (Spearman's ρ>0.60, p<0.001 for all variables) with the elevated urinary proteins (including KIM-1) and enzymes levels. All measured urinary parameters were positively and significantly correlated (ρ>0.75, p<0.001 for all variables) with the duration of work among exposed subjects. No significant correlation was observed between the measured variables and the age of workers. CONCLUSION There is associated subclinical glomerular and tubular affection among silica exposed workers, which is related to the duration and intensity of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma Hussein Mourad
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Yasmin Adel Ashour
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospitals of Ministry of Health, Cairo, Egypt
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Schmajuk G, Trupin L, Yelin E, Blanc PD. Prevalence of Arthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis in Coal Mining Counties of the United States. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2019; 71:1209-1215. [PMID: 30875457 DOI: 10.1002/acr.23874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to inhaled mineral dust, in particular silica, is associated with increased odds of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other autoimmune diseases. We studied the association of RA with work-related coal and silica exposure in the Appalachian region of the US. METHODS We carried out a random-digit dialed telephone survey in selected counties in Appalachia that had elevated coal workers' pneumoconiosis mortality. Our study cohort included men ages ≥50 with any employment history, and we assessed exposure to coal mining employment, other work-related dust, and ergonomic factors. We ascertained self-reported physician diagnosis of any arthritis and of RA with glucocorticoid treatment. We used multivariable logistic regression analysis to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and associated population attributable fraction (PAF) estimates. RESULTS Among the 973 men who met study entry criteria (mean ± SD ages 66 ± 10 years; 54% ever smokers), 266 (27%) reported coal mining work and 189 (19%) reported other work-related silica exposure. There were 517 men (53%), who reported any arthritis and 112 (12%) whose disease met the study definition of RA. Adjusting for covariates, coal mining was associated with elevated odds of RA (OR 3.6 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2.1-6.2]), which accounted for a PAF of 33% (95% CI 26-40%) of the men studied. For any arthritis, the coal mining-associated OR was 2.3 (95% CI 1.6-3.2), with an associated PAF of 20% (95% CI 14-25%). CONCLUSION In this population of older males living in a coal mining region, we estimated that 20% of arthritis and 33% of RA may be attributable to coal mining work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Schmajuk
- University of California, San Francisco and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Paul D Blanc
- University of California, San Francisco and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California
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12
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Shu F, Shi Y. Systematic Overview of Solid Particles and Their Host Responses. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1157. [PMID: 29892295 PMCID: PMC5985299 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystalline/particulate substances trigger a plethora of signaling events in host cells. The most prominent consequence is the inflammatory reactions that underlie crystal arthropathies, such as gout and pseudogout. However, their impact on our health was underestimated. Recent work on the role of cholesterol crystal in the development of atherosclerosis and the harm of environmental particulates has set up new frontiers in our defense against their detrimental effects. On the other hand, in the last 100 years, crystalline/particulate substances have been used with increasing frequencies in our daily lives as a part of new industrial manufacturing and engineering. Importantly, they have become a tool in modern medicine, used as vaccine adjuvants and drug delivery vehicles. Their biological effects are also being dissected in great detail, particularly with regard to their inflammatory signaling pathways. Solid structure interaction with host cells is far from being uniform, with outcomes dependent on cell types and chemical/physical properties of the particles involved. In this review, we offer a systematic and broad outlook of this landscape and a sage analysis of the complex nature of this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Shu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Andraos C, Utembe W, Gulumian M. Exceedance of environmental exposure limits to crystalline silica in communities surrounding gold mine tailings storage facilities in South Africa. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 619-620:504-516. [PMID: 29156270 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unlike occupational silica exposures, the association between non-occupational silica exposures and adverse health effects is not well researched, despite its occurrence in communities close to dust-generating sources such as tailings storage facilities (TSFs). Recent studies have shown that communities surrounding TSFs in South Africa often complain about the onset of dust-related health effects. Even though international interim non-occupational crystalline silica limits have been established, South Africa is yet to enforce its own limits for residential areas close to TSF sites. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to assess the need to enforce non-occupational crystalline silica limits for South Africa. METHODS The methods involved (1) Quantifying the silica polymorph content in bulk dust collected from TSFs in South Africa; (2) Assessing the possibility of the dust to reach surrounding communities through ambient and personal filter sampling and; (3) Conducting risk characterisation for both cancer and non-cancer endpoints. RESULTS All bulk dust samples consisted mostly of crystalline silica (73.14-87.09%). Large percentages of nanoparticles were identified in all bulk samples (66.8-70.7%) indicating the possibility of the dust to lodge deep within the lungs. The crystalline silica levels obtained from ambient PM10 sampling and personal PM4 sampling all exceeded the international crystalline silica interim limits and reached maximum levels of 90 and 50.9μg·m-3, respectively. For three TSFs, sampling sites close to the TSFs showed higher PM4 silica levels compared to sites further from TSFs. Risk characterisation revealed the possibility of cancer and non-cancer health effects when chronically exposed to silica levels recorded during the study. CONCLUSION The results indicate unacceptable crystalline silica exposures in surrounding communities and the need for enforcement of an ambient silica limit for South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene Andraos
- Toxicology Department, National Institute for Occupational Health, PO Box 4788, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa; Haematology and Molecular Medicine Department, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Wells Utembe
- Toxicology Department, National Institute for Occupational Health, PO Box 4788, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa.
| | - Mary Gulumian
- Toxicology Department, National Institute for Occupational Health, PO Box 4788, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa; Haematology and Molecular Medicine Department, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa.
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14
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Anlar HG, Bacanli M, İritaş S, Bal C, Kurt T, Tutkun E, Hinc Yilmaz O, Basaran N. Effects of Occupational Silica Exposure on OXIDATIVE Stress and Immune System Parameters in Ceramic Workers in TURKEY. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:688-696. [PMID: 28524802 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1286923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Silica is the second most common element after oxygen, and therefore, exposures to crystalline silica dust occur in a large variety of occupations such as metal foundries, constructions, and ceramic, quarry, and pottery industries. Since crystalline silica exposure has been linked with silicosis, lung cancer, and other pulmonary diseases, adverse effect attributed to this element has be a cause for concern worldwide. Silica dust exposure in workers is still considered to be important health problem especially in developing countries. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of occupational silica exposure on oxidative stress parameters including the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and levels of total glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) as well as immune system parameters such as interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in Turkish ceramic workers. In this study, nearly 50% of Turkish ceramic workers were diagnosed with silicosis. Eighty-four percent of these silicotic workers were found to present with profusion category 1 silicosis, whereas controls (n = 81) all displayed normal chest radiographs. Data demonstrated a significant decrease in levels of GSH and activities of CAT, SOD, and GPx, but a significant increase in MDA levels and activity of GR in all workers. Further, workers possessed significantly higher levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α. These observations suggest that ceramic workers may have impaired antioxidant/oxidant status and activated immune system indicative of inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Gul Anlar
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Çukurova University , Adana , Turkey
| | - Merve Bacanli
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Servet İritaş
- c The Council of Forensic Medicine , Branch Office of Ankara , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Ceylan Bal
- d Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Faculty of Medicine , Department of Medical Biochemistry , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Türker Kurt
- e Faculty of Education , Gazi University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Engin Tutkun
- f Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health , Bozok University , Yozgat , Turkey
| | - O Hinc Yilmaz
- g Ankara Occupational Diseases Hospital Department of Toxiocology Ankara , Turkey
| | - Nursen Basaran
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
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15
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Lee S, Hayashi H, Kumagai-Takei N, Matsuzaki H, Yoshitome K, Nishimura Y, Uragami K, Kusaka M, Yamamoto S, Ikeda M, Hatayama T, Fujimoto W, Otsuki T. Clinical evaluation of CENP-B and Scl-70 autoantibodies in silicosis patients. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:2616-2622. [PMID: 28587321 PMCID: PMC5450599 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicosis patients (SIL) suffer from respiratory disorders and dysregulation of autoimmunity. Frequent complications such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis (SSc) and vasculitis are known in SIL. Furthermore, we reported previously that some SIL exhibited better respiratory conditions in association with a worse immunological status. In this study, the clinical roles of anti-CENP-B and Scl-70 autoantibodies in SIL were analyzed. The titer index (Log10) of anti-CENP-B autoantibody in SIL was higher than that of healthy volunteers (HV), and that of SSc was higher than those of HV and SIL. This titer index was positively correlated with an assumed immune status of 1 for HV, 2 for SIL, and 3 for SSc. Moreover, although factor analysis revealed that the titer index of the anti-CENP-B autoantibody formed the same factor with the anti-Scl-70 autoantibody, IgG value and age in SIL cases, another extracted factor indicated that the IgA value and anti-Scl-70 antibody were positively related, but anti-CENP-B showed an opposite pattern in the results of the factor analysis. These findings indicated that the titer index of anti-CENP-B autoantibody may be a biomarker for dysregulation in SIL cases. Future clinical follow-up of SIL may therefore require both respiratory and immunological assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suni Lee
- Department of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hayashi
- Department of Dermatology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Naoko Kumagai-Takei
- Department of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Hidenori Matsuzaki
- Department of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Kei Yoshitome
- Department of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Yasumitsu Nishimura
- Department of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Kozo Uragami
- Hinase Uragami Iin, Bizen, Okayama 701-3204, Japan
| | | | - Shoko Yamamoto
- Department of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Miho Ikeda
- Department of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Tamayo Hatayama
- Department of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Wataru Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Takemi Otsuki
- Department of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
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16
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Sellamuthu R, Umbright C, Roberts JR, Young SH, Richardson D, McKinney W, Chen BT, Li S, Kashon M, Joseph P. Molecular mechanisms of pulmonary response progression in crystalline silica exposed rats. Inhal Toxicol 2017; 29:53-64. [PMID: 28317464 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2017.1282064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
An understanding of the mechanisms underlying diseases is critical for their prevention. Excessive exposure to crystalline silica is a risk factor for silicosis, a potentially fatal pulmonary disease. Male Fischer 344 rats were exposed by inhalation to crystalline silica (15 mg/m3, six hours/day, five days) and pulmonary response was determined at 44 weeks following termination of silica exposure. Additionally, global gene expression profiling in lungs and BAL cells and bioinformatic analysis of the gene expression data were done to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of pulmonary response to silica. A significant increase in lactate dehydrogenase activity and albumin content in BAL fluid (BALF) suggested silica-induced pulmonary toxicity in the rats. A significant increase in the number of alveolar macrophages and infiltrating neutrophils in the lungs and elevation in monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in BALF suggested the induction of pulmonary inflammation in the silica exposed rats. Histological changes in the lungs included granuloma formation, type II pneumocyte hyperplasia, thickening of alveolar septa and positive response to Masson's trichrome stain. Microarray analysis of global gene expression detected 94 and 225 significantly differentially expressed genes in the lungs and BAL cells, respectively. Bioinformatic analysis of the gene expression data identified significant enrichment of several disease and biological function categories and canonical pathways related to pulmonary toxicity, especially inflammation. Taken together, these data suggested the involvement of chronic inflammation as a mechanism underlying the progression of pulmonary response to exposure of rats to crystalline silica at 44 weeks following termination of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendran Sellamuthu
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Christina Umbright
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Jenny R Roberts
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Shih-Houng Young
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Diana Richardson
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Walter McKinney
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Bean T Chen
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Shengqiao Li
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Michael Kashon
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Pius Joseph
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
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17
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Otsuki T, Miura Y, Nishimura Y, Hyodoh F, Takata A, Kusaka M, Katsuyama H, Tomita M, Ueki A, Kishimoto T. Alterations of Fas and Fas-Related Molecules in Patients with Silicosis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 231:522-33. [PMID: 16636300 DOI: 10.1177/153537020623100506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Persons with silicosis have not only respiratory disorders but also autoimmune diseases. To clarify the mechanisms involved in the dysregulation of autoimmunity found in patients with silicosis, we have been focusing on Fas and Fas-related molecules in the Fas-mediated apoptotic pathway, because Fas is one of the most important molecules regulating autoimmunity involving T cells. Our findings showed that patients with silicosis exhibited elevated serum soluble Fas levels, an increased relative expression of the soluble fas and dcr3 genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, high levels of other variant messages of the fas transcript, relatively decreased expression of genes encoding several physiological inhibitors (such as survivin and toso), and dominancy of lower-membrane Fas expressers in lymphocytes, which transcribe soluble fas dominantly, compared with soluble fas transcription in healthy donors. These findings are consistent with known features regarding immunological factors, such as serum immunogulobulin G levels and the titer of anti-nuclear autoantibodies in silicosis. In addition, anti-caspase 8 autoantibody and anti-Fas autoantibody were detected in serum specimens from patients with silicosis, and a functional assay showed that anti-Fas antibody stimulated Fas-mediated apoptosis. We hypothesize that there are two subpopulations of silicosis lymphocytes. One is a long-term surviving fraction that includes self-recognizing clones showing lower levels of membrane Fas and inhibition of Fas/Fas ligand binding in extracellular spaces. The other subpopulation exhibits apoptosis caused by silica and silicates, is recruited from bone marrow, shows higher levels of membrane Fas, and is sensitive to anti-Fas autoantibody. Further investigation should be performed to confirm the effects of silica and silicates on the human immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takemi Otsuki
- Department of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 7010192, Japan.
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18
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Yıldızgören MT, Öziş TN, Baki AE, Tutkun E, Yılmaz H, Tiftik T, Ekiz T, Özgirgin N. Evaluation of bone mineral density and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in subjects with silica exposure. Environ Health Prev Med 2016; 21:149-53. [PMID: 26825971 DOI: 10.1007/s12199-016-0509-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to evaluate the bone mineral density (BMD) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in patients with silica exposure. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 104 male subjects with silica exposure and 36 healthy subjects. Posterior-anterior radiographs were classified according to the International Labour Office (ILO) Classification. Category 0 patients were classified as Group I (n = 54), category I patients were classified as Group II (n = 25), Category II and III patients were classified as Group III (n = 25). RESULTS Femoral neck BMD values were significantly lower in Group III (p = 0.007). Lumbar vertebrae BMD values were significantly lower in all groups with silica exposure than in the control group (p = 0.000). The osteoporosis rate was significantly higher in Group III (p = 0.000). Subjects with silica exposure were determined to have diminished 25(OH)D levels (p = 0.012). CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrated that subjects with silica exposure have diminished BMD and 25(OH)D levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Turgut Yıldızgören
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ankara Occupational Diseases Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Türkan Nadir Öziş
- Department of Chest Diseases, Ankara Occupational Diseases Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Erdem Baki
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ankara Occupational Diseases Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Engin Tutkun
- Department of Toxicology, Ankara Occupational Diseases Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hınç Yılmaz
- Department of Toxicology, Ankara Occupational Diseases Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tülay Tiftik
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ankara Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Timur Ekiz
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ankara Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Neşe Özgirgin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ankara Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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19
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Ying C, Maeda M, Nishimura Y, Kumagai-Takei N, Hayashi H, Matsuzaki H, Lee S, Yoshitome K, Yamamoto S, Hatayama T, Otsuki T. Enhancement of regulatory T cell-like suppressive function in MT-2 by long-term and low-dose exposure to asbestos. Toxicology 2015; 338:86-94. [PMID: 26505785 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Asbestos exposure causes lung fibrosis and various malignant tumors such as lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma. The effects of asbestos on immune cells have not been thoroughly investigated, although our previous reports showed that asbestos exposure reduced anti-tumor immunity. The effects of continuous exposure of regulatory T cells (Treg) to asbestos were examined using the HTLV-1 immortalized human T cell line MT-2, which possesses a suppressive function and expresses the Treg marker protein, Foxp3. Sublines were generated by the continuous exposure to low doses of asbestos fibers for more than one year. The sublines exposed to asbestos showed enhanced suppressive Treg function via cell-cell contact, and increased production of soluble factors such as IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. These results also indicated that asbestos exposure induced the reduction of anti-tumor immunity, and efforts to develop substances to reverse this reduction may be helpful in preventing the occurrence of asbestos-induced tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ying
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China; Department of Hygiene, 4: Department of Dermatology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Megumi Maeda
- Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Division of Bioscience, Okayama University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama, Japan; Department of Hygiene, 4: Department of Dermatology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasumitsu Nishimura
- Department of Hygiene, 4: Department of Dermatology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Naoko Kumagai-Takei
- Department of Hygiene, 4: Department of Dermatology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hayashi
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China; Department of Dermatology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Hidenori Matsuzaki
- Department of Hygiene, 4: Department of Dermatology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Suni Lee
- Department of Hygiene, 4: Department of Dermatology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kei Yoshitome
- Department of Hygiene, 4: Department of Dermatology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shoko Yamamoto
- Department of Hygiene, 4: Department of Dermatology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tamayo Hatayama
- Department of Hygiene, 4: Department of Dermatology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takemi Otsuki
- Department of Hygiene, 4: Department of Dermatology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.
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21
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Lee S, Matsuzaki H, Kumagai-Takei N, Yoshitome K, Maeda M, Chen Y, Kusaka M, Urakami K, Hayashi H, Fujimoto W, Nishimura Y, Otsuki T. Silica exposure and altered regulation of autoimmunity. Environ Health Prev Med 2014; 19:322-9. [PMID: 25135741 DOI: 10.1007/s12199-014-0403-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Silica particles and asbestos fibers, which are known as typical causatives of pneumoconiosis, induce lung fibrosis. Moreover, silicosis patients often complicate with autoimmune diseases, and asbestos-exposed patients suffer from malignant diseases such as pleural mesothelioma and lung cancer. We have been conducting experimental studies to investigate altered regulation of self-tolerance caused by silica exposure, including analyses using specimens such as plasma and immunocompetent cells obtained from silicosis patients, as a means of examining the supposition that silica exposure induces molecular and cellular biological alterations of immune cells. These approaches have resulted in the detection of several specific autoantibodies, alterations of CD95/Fas and its related molecules, and evidence of chronic activation of responder T cells and regulatory T cells following silica exposure. In this review, we present details of our investigations as an introduction to scientific approaches examining the immunological effects of environmental and occupational substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suni Lee
- Department of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Mastushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
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22
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Chen Y, Li C, Weng D, Song L, Tang W, Dai W, Yu Y, Liu F, Zhao M, Lu C, Chen J. Neutralization of interleukin-17A delays progression of silica-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis in C57BL/6 mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 275:62-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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23
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Verma DK, Rajhans GS, Malik OP, des Tombe K. Respirable dust and respirable silica exposure in Ontario gold mines. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2014; 11:111-116. [PMID: 24369933 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2013.843784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive survey of respirable dust and respirable silica in Ontario gold mines was conducted by the Ontario Ministry of Labor during 1978-1979. The aim was to assess the feasibility of introducing gravimetric sampling to replace the assessment method which used konimeters, a device which gave results in terms of number of particles per cubic centimeter (ppcc) of air. The study involved both laboratory and field assessments. The field assessment involved measurement of airborne respirable dust and respirable silica at all eight operating gold mines of the time. This article describes the details of the field assessment. A total of 288 long-term (7-8 hr) personal respirable dust air samples were collected from seven occupational categories in eight gold mines. The respirable silica (α-quartz) was determined by x-ray diffraction method. The results show that during 1978-1979, the industry wide mean respirable dust was about 1 mg/m(3), and the mean respirable silica was 0.08 mg/m(3.)The mean% silica in respirable dust was 7.5%. The data set would be useful in future epidemiological and health studies, as well as in assessment of workers' compensation claims for occupational diseases such as silicosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and autoimmune diseases such as renal disease and rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave K Verma
- a Department of Family Medicine and Program in Occupational Health and Environmental Medicine, McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario , Canada
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24
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Rocha-Parise M, Santos LMB, Damoiseaux JGMC, Bagatin E, Lido AV, Torello CO, Cohen Tervaert JW, Queiroz MLS. Lymphocyte activation in silica-exposed workers. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2013; 217:586-91. [PMID: 24332681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to silica dust has been examined as a possible risk factor for autoimmune diseases, including systemic sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and ANCA-associated vasculitis. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms resulting in the increased prevalence of autoimmunity remain elusive. To clarify these mechanisms, we studied various markers of immune activation in individuals occupationally exposed to silica dust, i.e., serum levels of soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), levels of IL-2, other pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and lymphoproliferation. Our results demonstrate that silica-exposed individuals present important alterations in their immune response when compared to controls, as shown by increased serum sIL-2R levels, decreased production of IL-2 and increased levels of the pro-inflammatory (IFN-γ, IL-1α, TNF-α, IL-6) as well as anti-inflammatory (IL-10 and TGF-β) cytokines. Furthermore, silica-exposed individuals presented enhanced lymphoproliferative responses. Our findings provide evidence that the maintenance of immune homeostasis may be disturbed in silica-exposed individuals, possibly resulting in autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Rocha-Parise
- Department of Pharmacology and Hemocenter, Faculty of Medical Sciences, FCM, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonilda M B Santos
- Department of Genetics, Neuroimmunology Unit, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jan G M C Damoiseaux
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ericson Bagatin
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Occupational Medicine Area, Faculty of Medical Sciences, FCM, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandro V Lido
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Occupational Medicine Area, Faculty of Medical Sciences, FCM, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Okuda Torello
- Department of Pharmacology and Hemocenter, Faculty of Medical Sciences, FCM, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jan W Cohen Tervaert
- Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Sint Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mary L S Queiroz
- Department of Pharmacology and Hemocenter, Faculty of Medical Sciences, FCM, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Jun JS, Jung JI, Kim HR, Ahn MI, Han DH, Ko JM, Park SH, Lee HG, Arakawa H, Koo JW. Complications of pneumoconiosis: Radiologic overview. Eur J Radiol 2013; 82:1819-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2013.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Healy CB, Coggins MA, Van Tongeren M, MacCalman L, McGowan P. Determinants of respirable crystalline silica exposure among stoneworkers involved in stone restoration work. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 58:6-18. [PMID: 23997236 DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/met045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Crystalline silica occurs as a significant component of many traditional materials used in restoration stonework, and stoneworkers who work with these materials are potentially exposed to stone dust containing respirable crystalline silica (RCS). Exposure to RCS can result in the development of a range of adverse health effects, including silicosis and lung cancer. An understanding of the determinants of RCS exposure is important for selecting appropriate exposure controls and in preventing occupational diseases. The objectives of this study were to quantify the RCS exposure of stoneworkers involved in the restoration and maintenance of heritage properties and to identify the main determinants of RCS exposure among this occupational group. METHODS An exposure assessment was carried out over a 3-year period amongst a group of stonemasons and stone cutters involved in the restoration and maintenance of heritage buildings in Ireland. Personal air samples (n = 103) with corresponding contextual information were collected. Exposure data were analysed using mixed-effects modelling to investigate determinants of RCS exposure and their contribution to the individual's mean exposure. Between-depot, between-worker, and within-worker variance components were also investigated. RESULTS The geometric mean (GM) RCS exposure concentrations for all tasks measured ranged from <0.02 to 0.70mg m(-3). GM RCS exposure concentrations for work involving limestone and lime mortar were <0.02-0.01mg m(-3), tasks involving granite were 0.01-0.06mg m(-3), and tasks involving sandstone were <0.02-0.70mg m(-3). Sixty-seven percent of the 8-h time-weighted average (TWA) exposure measurements for tasks involving sandstone exceeded the Scientific Committee on Occupational Exposure Limits recommended occupational exposure limit value of 0.05mg m(-3). Highest RCS exposure values were recorded for the tasks of grinding (GM = 0.70mg m(-3)) and cutting (GM = 0.70mg m(-3)) sandstone. In the mixed-effects analyses, task was found to be significantly associated with RCS exposure, with the tasks of grinding and cutting resulting in average exposures of between 32 and 70 times the exposures recorded for the task of stone decorating. The between-depot, between-worker, and within-worker variance components were reduced by 46, 89, and 49%, respectively, after including task in the mixed effects model. CONCLUSIONS Restoration stoneworkers are regularly overexposed (compared with 0.1 and 0.05mg m(-3) 8-h TWA) to RCS dust when working with sandstone. The results indicate that the tasks of cutting and grinding sandstone are predictors of increased exposure to RCS dust. In order to decrease exposure to RCS, efforts should be focused on developing and implementing interventions which focus on these high-risk tasks.
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Maeda M, Chen Y, Kumagai-Takei N, Hayashi H, Matsuzaki H, Lee S, Hiratsuka JI, Nishimura Y, Kimura Y, Otsuki T. Alteration of cytoskeletal molecules in a human T cell line caused by continuous exposure to chrysotile asbestos. Immunobiology 2013; 218:1184-91. [PMID: 23706555 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Among the various biological effects of asbestos such as fibrogenesis and carcinogenesis, we have been focusing on the immunological effects becausesilica (SiO(2)) and asbestos chemically is a mineral silicate of silica. Observations of the effects of asbestos on CD4+ T cells showed reduction of CXCR3 chemokine receptor and reduced capacity of interferon γ production. In particular, use of theHTLV-1 immortalized human T cell line, MT-2, and cDNA array analysis have helped to identify the modification of CXCR3. We investigated alteration of protein expression among MT-2 original cells that had no contact with asbestos, and six chrysotile-continuously exposed independent sublines using ProteinChip and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DGE) assays. Further confirmation of the changes in protein expression due to asbestos exposure was obtained after the 2DGE method indicated protein modification of β-actin. β-actin was upregulated in mRNA, as were the levels of protein expression and phosphorylation. Moreover, a binding assay between cells and chrysotile showed that various molecules related to the cytoskeleton such as vimentin, myosin-9 and tubulin-β2, as well as β-actin, exhibited enhanced bindings in asbestos-exposed cells. The overall findings indicate that the cell surface cytoskeleton may play an important role in inducing the cellular changes caused by asbestos in immune cells, since fibers are not incorporated to the cells and how the alterations of cytoskeleton determined cell destiny to cause the reduction of tumor immunity is important to consider the biological effects of asbestos. Further studies to target several cytoskeleton-related molecules associated with the effects of asbestos will result in a better understanding of the immunological effects of asbestos and support the development of chemo-prevention to recover anti-tumor immunity in asbestos-exposed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Maeda
- Laboratory of Functional Glycobiochemistry, Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Division of Agricultural and Life Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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Adler S, Kolev M, Varisco PA, Tham M, von Gunten M, Tappeiner C, Villiger PM. Induction of severe systemic lupus erythematosus by TNF blockade and response to anti-IL-6 strategy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 131:1235-7, 1237.e1. [PMID: 23154083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Tomokuni A, Otsuki T, Sakaguchi H, Isozaki Y, Hyodoh F, Kusaka M, Ueki A. Detection of anti-topoisomerase I autoantibody in patients with silicosis. Environ Health Prev Med 2012; 7:7-10. [PMID: 21432283 DOI: 10.1007/bf02898059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2001] [Accepted: 10/04/2001] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to detect anti-topoisomerase I (anti-topo I) autoantibodies, which are known to be limited in systemic sclerosis patients, in silicosis patients with no clinical symptoms of autoimmune disease. METHODS Serum anti-topo I autoantibodies were detected using ELISA. Differences in clinical parameters between patients with and without anti-topo I autoantibodies were analyzed. RESULTS Seven of 69 patients had anti-topo I autoantibodies. These 7 patients showed elevated PaCO(2) values (P=0.0212), and inverse correlations between serum soluble Fas levels and PaCO(2) values were found. CONCLUSION Anti-topo I autoantibodies were detected in 10.1% of silicosis patients without any clinical symptoms of autoimmune disease. The findings here suggest that the genesis of anti-topo I autoantibodies might be related to pulmonary involvement or lung fibrosis associated with progression of silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Tomokuni
- Department of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, 701-0192, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan,
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Keynote lecture in the 13th Japanese Society of Immunotoxicology (JSIT 2006) : -Pathophysiological Development and Immunotoxicology: what we have found from research related to silica and silicate such as asbestos-. Environ Health Prev Med 2012; 12:153-60. [PMID: 21432058 DOI: 10.1007/bf02897984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2007] [Accepted: 04/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Silica and silicates may disturb immune functions such as autoimmunity and tumor immunity, because people who are exposed to the materials sometimes develop autoimmune and malignant diseases, respectively. Although silica-induced disorders of autoimmunity have been explained as adjuvant-type effects of silica, more precise analyses are needed and should reflect the recent progress in immunomolecular findings. A brief summary of our investigations related to the immunological effects of silica/asbestos is presented. Recent advances in immunomolecular studies led to detailed analyses of the immunological effects of asbestos and silica. Both affect immuno-competent cells and these effects may be associated with the pathophysiological development of complications in silicosis and asbestos-exposed patients such as the occurrence of autoimmune disorders and malignant tumors, respectively. In addition, immunological analyses may lead to the development of new clinical tools for the modification of the pathophysiological aspects of diseases such as the regulation of autoimmunity or tumor immunity using cell-mediated therapies, various cytokines, and molecule-targeting therapies. In particular, as the incidence of asbestos-related malignancies is increasing and such malignancies have been a medical and social problem since the summer in 2005 in Japan, efforts should be focused on developing a cure for these diseases to eliminate the nation wide anxiety about these malignancies.
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Environmental factors producing autoimmune dysregulation – Chronic activation of T cells caused by silica exposure. Immunobiology 2012; 217:743-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2011.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Asbestos-induced cellular and molecular alteration of immunocompetent cells and their relationship with chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:492608. [PMID: 22500091 PMCID: PMC3304550 DOI: 10.1155/2012/492608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Asbestos causes lung fibrosis known as asbestosis as well as cancers such as malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer. Asbestos is a mineral silicate containing iron, magnesium, and calcium with a core of SiO2. The immunological effect of silica, SiO2, involves the dysregulation of autoimmunity because of the complications of autoimmune diseases found in silicosis. Asbestos can therefore cause alteration of immunocompetent cells to result in a decline of tumor immunity. Additionally, due to its physical characteristics, asbestos fibers remain in the lung, regional lymph nodes, and the pleural cavity, particularly at the opening sites of lymphatic vessels. Asbestos can induce chronic inflammation in these areas due to the production of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species. As a consequence, immunocompetent cells can have their cellular and molecular features altered by chronic and recurrent encounters with asbestos fibers, and there may be modification by the surrounding inflammation, all of which eventually lead to decreased tumor immunity. In this paper, the brief results of our investigation regarding reduction of tumor immunity of immunocompetent cells exposed to asbestos in vitro are discussed, as are our findings concerned with an investigation of chronic inflammation and analyses of peripheral blood samples derived from patients with pleural plaque and mesothelioma that have been exposed to asbestos.
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Rocha MC, Santos LMB, Bagatin E, Cohen Tervaert JW, Damoiseaux JGMC, Lido AV, Longhini AL, Torello CO, Queiroz MLS. Genetic polymorphisms and surface expression of CTLA-4 and PD-1 on T cells of silica-exposed workers. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2011; 215:562-9. [PMID: 22153879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to silica dust has been examined as a possible risk factor for autoimmune diseases, including scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Since CTLA-4 [CD152] and PD-1 [CD279] are important for the maintenance of peripheral tolerance by regulating T cell responsiveness, we evaluated the expression of these molecules on the surface of CD4 and CD8 T cells, as well as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in CTLA-4 and PDCD1 genes, of 70 silica-exposed workers and 30 non-exposed, age-, ethnically- and sex-matched controls. Expression of CTLA-4 was significantly (P<0.05) reduced in CD4 T cells of exposed individuals [median=0.1% and interquartile range, IQR 0.0-0.1% (exposed), median=0.20%, IQR 0.0-0.4% (control)]. Also the expression of PD-1 was significantly (P<0.0001) reduced in both CD4 [median=0.9%, IQR 0.4-2.3% (exposed), median=5.7%, IQR 1.4-13.3% (control)] and CD8 T cells [median=0.9%, IQR 0.3-1.9% (exposed), median=5.0%, IQR 3.4-8.9% (control)]. The study of polymorphisms demonstrated a lower frequency of the A allele in the analysis of the PD1.3 SNP in the exposed group, which might be associated with the lower expression of PD-1 on the surface of CD4 T cells. Our findings provide evidence for the association of silica exposure and the maintenance of self-tolerance, i.e., the susceptibility to autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Rocha
- Department of Pharmacology and Hemocenter, Faculty of Medical Sciences, FCM, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Vupputuri S, Parks CG, Nylander-French LA, Owen-Smith A, Hogan SL, Sandler DP. Occupational silica exposure and chronic kidney disease. Ren Fail 2011; 34:40-6. [PMID: 22032652 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2011.623496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Occupational exposure to silica may be associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Most studies have been conducted in occupational cohorts with high levels of exposure but small numbers of cases. We analyzed data from a population-based case-control study of occupational silica exposure and CKD. METHODS Cases were hospital patients with newly diagnosed CKD, and community controls were selected using random digit dialing and frequency matched by age, gender, race, and proximity to the hospital. Silica exposure estimates were assigned by industrial hygiene review of lifetime job history data and weighted for certainty and intensity. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) for CKD conditioned on demographic, lifestyle, and clinical variables. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 63 years (range 30-83 years); 59% were male and 55% were white. Any silica exposure (compared with none) was associated with a 40% increased risk of CKD [OR = 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 1.89] in a multivariable adjusted model. The mean cumulative duration of silica exposure was significantly higher in exposed cases than in exposed controls (33.4 vs. 24.8 years, respectively). Overall, compared with nonexposed participants, the ORs (95% CI) for those below and above the median duration of silica exposure were 1.20 (0.77, 1.86) and 1.76 (1.14, 2.71), respectively. CONCLUSIONS We found a positive relationship between occupational silica exposure and CKD. A dose-response trend of increasing CKD risk with increasing duration of silica exposure was observed and was particularly strong among nonwhites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suma Vupputuri
- The Center for Health Research/Southeast, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta, GA 30305, USA.
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Asbestos induces reduction of tumor immunity. Clin Dev Immunol 2011; 2011:481439. [PMID: 22007251 PMCID: PMC3189469 DOI: 10.1155/2011/481439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Asbestos-related cancers such as malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer are an important issue in the world. There are many conflicts concerning economical considerations and medical evidence for these cancers and much confusion regarding details of the pathological mechanisms of asbestos-induced cancers. For example, there is uncertainty concerning the degree of danger of the iron-absent chrysotile compared with iron-containing crocidolite and amosite. However, regarding bad prognosis of mesothelioma, medical approaches to ensure the recognition of the biological effects of asbestos and the pathological mechanisms of asbestos-induced carcinogenesis, as well as clinical trials to detect the early stage of mesothelioma, should result in better preventions and the cure of these malignancies. We have been investigating the immunological effects of asbestos in relation to the reduction of tumor immunity. In this paper, cellular and molecular approaches to clarify the immunological effects of asbestos are described, and all the findings indicate that the reduction of tumor immunity is caused by asbestos exposure and involvement in asbestos-induced cancers. These investigations may not only allow the clear recognition of the biological effects of asbestos, but also present a novel procedure for early detection of previous asbestos exposure and the presence of mesothelioma as well as the chemoprevention of asbestos-related cancers.
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Barbosa MSDA, Carneiro APS, Maciel JGFS, Moronte EA, La Rocca PDF, Santos ARM. Silicose em trabalhadores de quartzito da região de São Thomé das Letras - Minas Gerais: dados iniciais indicam um grave problema de saúde pública. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE OCUPACIONAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0303-76572011000100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUÇÃO: A exploração da pedra São Thomé, na região de São Thomé das Letras-MG, é antiga e estimam-se 2.000 trabalhadores envolvidos em sua extração e beneficiamento. No entanto, a silicose entre eles não era, até recentemente, registrada de forma consistente. OBJETIVO: Delinear o perfil ocupacional e radiológico de um grupo de trabalhadores de quartzito. Métodos: Série de 46 casos provenientes de um grupo de 185 extratores e beneficiadores cujos dados ocupacionais e radiografias de tórax foram analisados em ambulatório especializado. RESULTADOS: Todos os 185 trabalhadores eram do sexo masculino, com idade média de 41,3 anos e tempo de exposição mediano de 6,1 anos. As radiografias demonstraram imagens compatíveis com silicose em 46 (24,9%) deles. A ocorrência foi maior no setor de beneficiamento, onde também ocorreram os casos mais graves, incluindo três portadores de grandes opacidades e oito com formas aceleradas da doença. Os últimos, em geral mais jovens e com menor tempo de exposição, sugerem ter sido expostos a maiores concentrações de sílica. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar das limitações do estudo, a alta frequencia de silicose encontrada no grupo sugere serem precárias as medidas de prevenção da exposição à sílica, especialmente em épocas mais recentes. Isto pode ser reflexo da mecanização intensa ocorrida nos últimos anos, portanto, ações de vigilância e prevenção devem ser priorizadas no setor.
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Chung KC, Pushman AG. Current concepts in the management of the rheumatoid hand. J Hand Surg Am 2011; 36:736-47; quiz 747. [PMID: 21463736 PMCID: PMC3086569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2011.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Hand surgeons are an integral part of the management team for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. There is now a greater understanding of the national use of rheumatoid hand surgery, which highlights the differences between hand surgeons and rheumatologists regarding the treatment of the rheumatoid hand. Advances in medical treatments have also decreased the prevalence of hand deformities caused by this disease. Hand surgeons today have less exposure to treating rheumatoid hand, but despite more effective medical options, surgery may still offer patients hope for improvement of hand function and appearance. This article summarizes the current state of rheumatoid hand surgery and discuss the surgical treatment strategies for optimizing outcomes for patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
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MESH Headings
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/complications
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/diagnosis
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/therapy
- Education, Medical, Continuing
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Hand Deformities, Acquired/etiology
- Hand Deformities, Acquired/physiopathology
- Hand Deformities, Acquired/therapy
- Hand Strength
- Humans
- Male
- Metacarpophalangeal Joint/diagnostic imaging
- Metacarpophalangeal Joint/physiopathology
- Metacarpophalangeal Joint/surgery
- Orthopedic Procedures/methods
- Pain Measurement
- Physical Therapy Modalities
- Radiography
- Range of Motion, Articular/physiology
- Severity of Illness Index
- Tendon Injuries/etiology
- Tendon Injuries/physiopathology
- Tendon Injuries/surgery
- Treatment Outcome
- Wrist Joint/diagnostic imaging
- Wrist Joint/physiopathology
- Wrist Joint/surgery
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Chung
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0340, USA.
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Maeda M, Nishimura Y, Hayashi H, Kumagai N, Chen Y, Murakami S, Miura Y, Hiratsuka JI, Kishimoto T, Otsuki T. Decreased CXCR3 expression in CD4+ T cells exposed to asbestos or derived from asbestos-exposed patients. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2011; 45:795-803. [PMID: 21357438 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2010-0435oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Asbestos causes malignant tumors such as lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma (MM). To determine whether asbestos exposure causes reduction of antitumor immunity, we established an in vitro T-cell line model of low-dose and continuous exposure to asbestos using an human adult T-cell leukemia virus-1 immortalized human polyclonal T-cell line, MT-2, and revealed that MT-2 cells exposed continuously to asbestos showed resistance to asbestos-induced apoptosis. In addition, the cells presented reduction of surface CXCR3 chemokine receptor expression and IFN-γ production. In this study, to confirm that these findings are suitable for clinical translation, surface CXCR3 and IFN-γ expression were analyzed using freshly isolated human CD4(+) T cells derived from healthy donors and patients with pleural plaque (PP) or MM. The results revealed that CXCR3 and IFN-γ expression in the ex vivo model were reduced in some cases. Additionally, CXCR3 expression in CD4(+) T cells from PPs and MMs was significantly reduced compared with that from healthy donors, and CD4(+) T cells from patients with MMs exhibited a marked reduction in IFN-γ mRNA levels after stimulation in vitro. Moreover, CD4(+)CXCR3(+) T cells in lymphocytes from MMs showed a tendency for an inverse correlation with its ligand CXCL10/IP10 in plasma. These findings show reduction of antitumor immune function in asbestos-exposed patients and indicate that CXCR3, IFN-γ, and CXCL10/IP10 may be candidates to detect and monitor disease status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Maeda
- Department of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan.
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Maeda M, Nishimura Y, Hayashi H, Kumagai N, Chen Y, Murakami S, Miura Y, Hiratsuka JI, Kishimoto T, Otsuki T. Reduction of CXC chemokine receptor 3 in an in vitro model of continuous exposure to asbestos in a human T-cell line, MT-2. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2010; 45:470-9. [PMID: 21148743 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2010-0213oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Because patients with silicosis who are chronically exposed to silica particles develop not only pulmonary fibrosis, but also complications involving autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic sclerosis, exposure to asbestos may affect the human immune system. This immunologic effect may impair antitumor immune function because cancer complications such as lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma are found in patients exposed to asbestos. To elucidate the antitumor immune status caused by CD4(+) T cells exposed to asbestos, an in vitro T-cell model of long-term and low-level exposure to chrysotile asbestos was established from a human adult T-cell leukemia virus-1-immortalized human polyclonal T cell line, MT-2, and the resulting six sublines showed resistance to asbestos-induced apoptosis after more than 8 months of continuous exposure. The results of DNA microarray analysis showed that the expression of 139 genes was altered by long-term and low-level exposure to asbestos, and the profile was almost similar among the six sublines when compared with the original MT-2 cells that had never been exposed to asbestos. Pathway and network analysis indicated a down-regulation of IFN-γ signaling and expression of CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) in the sublines, whereas ELISA and flow cytometry analysis demonstrated a reduction in Th1-related IFN-γ production and cell-surface CXCR3 expression. These findings suggest that chronic exposure to asbestos may reduce antitumor immune status in CD4(+) T cells, and that an in vitro T-cell model may be useful in identifying molecules related to the impairment of antitumor immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Maeda
- Department of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 MatsushiKurashiki, Okayama 7010192, Japan.
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Napierska D, Thomassen LCJ, Lison D, Martens JA, Hoet PH. The nanosilica hazard: another variable entity. Part Fibre Toxicol 2010; 7:39. [PMID: 21126379 PMCID: PMC3014868 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-7-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 472] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) are produced on an industrial scale and are an addition to a growing number of commercial products. SNPs also have great potential for a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic applications in medicine. Contrary to the well-studied crystalline micron-sized silica, relatively little information exists on the toxicity of its amorphous and nano-size forms. Because nanoparticles possess novel properties, kinetics and unusual bioactivity, their potential biological effects may differ greatly from those of micron-size bulk materials. In this review, we summarize the physico-chemical properties of the different nano-sized silica materials that can affect their interaction with biological systems, with a specific emphasis on inhalation exposure. We discuss recent in vitro and in vivo investigations into the toxicity of nanosilica, both crystalline and amorphous. Most of the in vitro studies of SNPs report results of cellular uptake, size- and dose-dependent cytotoxicity, increased reactive oxygen species levels and pro-inflammatory stimulation. Evidence from a limited number of in vivo studies demonstrates largely reversible lung inflammation, granuloma formation and focal emphysema, with no progressive lung fibrosis. Clearly, more research with standardized materials is needed to enable comparison of experimental data for the different forms of nanosilicas and to establish which physico-chemical properties are responsible for the observed toxicity of SNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Napierska
- Unit of Lung Toxicology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Goodpasture's Syndrome and Silica: A Case Report and Literature Review. Case Rep Med 2010; 2010. [PMID: 20886021 PMCID: PMC2945665 DOI: 10.1155/2010/426970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of Goodpasture's syndrome following chronic low level and an acute, high level of exposure to crystalline silica. A 38-year-old male tilesetter was admitted to the emergency room with dyspnea and respiratory failure. He reported that his symptoms had developed over the previous week after inhaling a large amount of dust while dry-sanding and sweeping a silica-based product used to fill cracks in a cement floor. Over the following days, his pulmonary function declined and he developed acute renal failure. Tests of antiglomerular basement membrane antibody were positive and renal biopsy revealed global glomerulonephritis. He was diagnosed with Goodpasture's syndrome and treated with steroids, plasmapheresis, and hemodialysis. This man had a history of childhood asthma and a remote, one pack-year history of cigarette use. He used the flooring product for seven years prior to the inciting event, however, previous jobs had utilized significantly smaller amounts. Goodpasture's syndrome and other autoimmune diseases have been reported in association with silica exposure. The acute onset following high level silica exposure in this previously healthy man, suggest that clinicians should investigate silica exposure as a causal factor in cases of Goodpasture's syndrome.
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Maeda M, Nishimura Y, Kumagai N, Hayashi H, Hatayama T, Katoh M, Miyahara N, Yamamoto S, Hirastuka J, Otsuki T. Dysregulation of the immune system caused by silica and asbestos. J Immunotoxicol 2010; 7:268-78. [PMID: 20849352 DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2010.512579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Silica and asbestos cause pneumoconioses known as silicosis and asbestosis, respectively, that are each characterized by progressive pulmonary fibrosis. While local effects of inhaled silica particles alter the function of alveolar macrophages and sequential cellular and molecular biological events, general systemic immunological effects may also evolve. One well-known health outcome associated with silica exposure/silicosis is an increase in the incidence of autoimmune disorders. In addition, while exposure to silica--in the crystalline form--has also been seen to be associated with the development of lung cancers, it remains unclear as to whether or not silicosis is a necessary condition for the elevation of silica-associated lung cancer risks. Since asbestos is a mineral silicate, it would be expected to also possess generalized immunotoxicological effects similar to those associated with silica particles. However, asbestos-exposed patients are far better known than silicotic patients for development of malignant diseases such as lung cancer and mesothelioma, and less so for the development of autoimmune disorders. With both asbestos and crystalline silica, one important dysregulatory outcome that needs to be considered is an alteration in tumor immunity that allows for silica- or asbestos- (or asbestos-associated agent)-induced tumors to survive and thrive in situ. In this review, the immunotoxicological effects of both silica and asbestos are presented and contrasted in terms of their abilities to induce immune system dysregulation that then are manifest by the onset of autoimmunity or by alterations in host-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Maeda
- Department of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
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Cytokine alteration and speculated immunological pathophysiology in silicosis and asbestos-related diseases. Environ Health Prev Med 2009; 14:216-22. [PMID: 19568841 DOI: 10.1007/s12199-008-0063-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2008] [Accepted: 10/19/2008] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This review is partly composed of the presentation "Cytokine alteration and speculated immunological pathophysiology in silicosis and asbestos-related diseases" delivered during the symposium "Biological effects of fibrous and particulate substances and related areas" organized by the Study Group of Fibrous and Particulate Studies of the Japanese Society of Hygiene and held at the 78th Annual Meeting in Kumamoto, Japan. In this review, we briefly introduce the results of recent immunological analysis using the plasma of silica and asbestos-exposed patients diagnosed with silicosis, pleural plaque, or malignant mesothelioma. Thereafter, experimental background and speculation concerning the immunological pathophysiology of silica and asbestos-exposed patients are discussed.
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Brown JM, Pfau JC, Pershouse MA, Holian A. Silica, Apoptosis, and Autoimmunity. J Immunotoxicol 2008; 1:177-87. [DOI: 10.1080/15476910490911922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Pfau JC, Sentissi JJ, Li S, Calderon-Garciduenas L, Brown JM, Blake DJ. Asbestos-induced autoimmunity in C57BL/6 mice. J Immunotoxicol 2008; 5:129-37. [PMID: 18569382 DOI: 10.1080/15476910802085756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental impacts on autoimmunity have significant public health implications. Epidemiological studies have shown associations between exposure to airborne silicates, such as crystalline silica or asbestos, and autoimmunity, but the etiology remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that asbestos could lead to a specific pattern of autoantibodies and pathology indicative of systemic autoimmune disease (SAID). Female C57Bl/6 mice were instilled intratracheally with 2 doses x 60 microg/mouse of amphibole asbestos (tremolite), wollastonite (a non-fibrogenic control fiber), or saline alone. Serum samples were collected and urine was checked for protein bi-weekly for 7 months. By 26 weeks, the asbestos-instilled animals had a significantly higher frequency of positive anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) tests compared to wollastonite and saline groups. The majority of positive ANAs showed homogeneous or combined homogeneous/speckled patterns, and tested positive for antibodies to dsDNA and SSA/Ro 52. Serum isotyping showed no significant changes in IgM, IgA, or IgG subclasses. However, there was an overall decrease in the mean IgG serum concentration in asbestos-instilled mice. IgG immune complex deposition was demonstrated in the kidneys of asbestos-instilled mice, with evidence of glomerular and tubule abnormalities suggestive of glomerulonephritis. Flow cytometry demonstrated moderate changes in the percentages of CD25+ T-suppressor cells and B1a B-cells in the superficial cervical lymph nodes of the asbestos-instilled mice. These data demonstrate that asbestos leads to immunologic changes consistent with the development of autoimmunity. This study provides a non-autoimmune prone murine model for use in future elucidation of mechanisms involved in asbestos-induced autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean C Pfau
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, USA.
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Abstract
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic autoimmune liver disease characterized by inflammation and destruction of intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells, ultimately leading to liver failure. The serological hallmark of PBC is the presence of high-titer antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) against the inner lipoyl domain of E2 subunits of 2-oxo-acid dehydrogenase complexes, in particular the E2 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC-E2). The initiating events triggering the autoimmune response are not yet identified but the hypothesis of molecular mimicry is a widely proposed mechanism for the development of autoimmunity in PBC. Several candidates, including bacteria and viruses, have been suggested as causative agents, but also environmental factors, such as chemical xenobiotics, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis. In this review, we will discuss our current knowledge of the immunoreactivity of xenobiotically modified PDC peptide antigens. In addition, we will provide a working hypothesis how xenobiotic modification of antigens might occur that ultimately leads to the breaking of self-tolerance and the induction of PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Rieger
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - M. Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
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Nishimura Y, Miura Y, Maeda M, Hayashi H, Dong M, Katsuyama H, Tomita M, Hyodoh F, Kusaka M, Uesaka A, Kuribayashi K, Fukuoka K, Nakano T, Kashimoto T, Osuki T. Expression of the T cell receptor Vbeta repertoire in a human T cell resistant to asbestos-induced apoptosis and peripheral blood T cells from patients with silica and asbestos-related diseases. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2007; 19:795-805. [PMID: 17166401 DOI: 10.1177/039463200601900409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the effects of asbestos and silica on the human immune system, an experimental model of low-dose and long-term exposure was established using a human HTLV-1-immortalized polyclonal T cell line, MT-2 (MT-2Org). MT-2 cells were continuously exposed to asbestos at a concentration (10 microg/ml) which does not induce complete cell death during short-term exposure. After acquiring resistance to CB-induced apoptosis (designated MT-2Rst), an immunological comparison was made between the MT-2Org and MT-2Rst lines in terms of T cell receptor-Vbeta (TcR-Vbeta) expression. MT-2Rst cells showed excess expression of various TcR-Vbeta, although TcR-Vbeta-overpresenting cells were characterized as undergoing apoptosis due to first contact with CB. Patients with asbestos-related diseases (ARD), such as asbestosis and malignant mesothelioma, were compared with silicosis (SIL) patients as a disease control and with healthy donors (HD). SIL and ARD not only differed in their causative materials, silica and asbestos as mineral silicates, but also in terms of complications; autoimmune disorders in SIL and tumors in ARD. ARD patients showed a restricted overpresentation of TcR-Vbeta without clonal expansion, whereas SIL patients revealed significant overpresentation of TcR-Vbeta 7.2. These experimental and clinical analyses indicate the superantigenic and dysregulation of autoimmunity-inducing effects of asbestos and silica, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nishimura
- Department of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
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Abstract
The pathophysiology of systemic sclerosis (SSc), probably multifactorial, is not yet well elucidated. Among the many endogenous and exogenous factors probably involved, environmental and occupational elements may play an essential role. SSc is a rare disease. Prevalence is estimated between 3 and 24 per 100,000 population. Reports of sporadic clusters of higher prevalence suggest environmental factors, which have not yet been defined. Silica, first suggested in 1917, plays a role in SSc development, as officially recognized in France for purposes of workers' compensation. Solvents have been associated with SSc by several rigorous case-control studies that suggest a causal role. Current data about other toxic agents (epoxy resins, vibrations, welding fumes) do not justify conclusions about their role in SSc. The severity of SSc (determined by the extent of diffuse cutaneous lesions, pulmonary involvement, and immunological profile) is probably associated with occupational exposure.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Age Factors
- Case-Control Studies
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Data Interpretation, Statistical
- France/epidemiology
- Humans
- Incidence
- Infant
- Middle Aged
- Occupational Exposure/adverse effects
- Prevalence
- Radiography, Thoracic
- Risk Factors
- Scleroderma, Systemic/chemically induced
- Scleroderma, Systemic/diagnosis
- Scleroderma, Systemic/diagnostic imaging
- Scleroderma, Systemic/epidemiology
- Scleroderma, Systemic/etiology
- Scleroderma, Systemic/physiopathology
- Severity of Illness Index
- Sex Factors
- Silicon Dioxide/adverse effects
- Solvents/adverse effects
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed
- Vibration/adverse effects
- Welding
- Workers' Compensation
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Magnant
- Service de Médecine Interne et Vasculaire B, Groupe de Pneumologie, Inserm U618, IFR 135, CHU Bretonneau, Tours
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Lalmanach G, Diot E, Godat E, Lecaille F, Hervé-Grépinet V. Cysteine cathepsins and caspases in silicosis. Biol Chem 2006; 387:863-70. [PMID: 16913835 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2006.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Silicosis is an occupational pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of crystalline silica. It leads to the formation of fibrohyalin nodes that result in progressive fibrosis. Alternatively, emphysema may occur, with abnormal destruction of collagen fibres in the advanced stages. Although the pathophysiological mechanisms remain unclear, it has been established that the lung responds to silica by massive enrollment of alveolar macrophages, triggering an inflammatory cascade of reactions. An imbalance in the expression of lung proteases and their inhibitors is implicated in extracellular matrix remodelling and basement membrane disruption. Moreover, exposure to silica can initiate apoptotic cell death of macrophages. This review summarises the current knowledge on cysteine cathepsins that have been ignored so far during silicosis and outlines the recent progress on cellular pathways leading to silica-induced caspase activation, which have been partly delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Lalmanach
- INSERM U618, Protéases et Vectorisation Pulmonaires, IFR 135 Imagerie Fonctionnelle, Université François Rabelais, F-37032 Tours, France.
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