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Yang F, Di N, Guo WW, Ding WB, Jia N, Zhang H, Li D, Wang D, Wang R, Zhang D, Liu Y, Shen B, Wang ZX, Yin Y. The prevalence and risk factors of work related musculoskeletal disorders among electronics manufacturing workers: a cross-sectional analytical study in China. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:10. [PMID: 36597111 PMCID: PMC9809125 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14952-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the prevalence of self-reported musculoskeletal disorders among workers in the electronics manufacturing industry and to investigate the relations between work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) and work-related variables. METHODS An interview-based questionnaire survey was carried out in thirty electronics manufacturing factories in China in 2018. The prevalence of WMSDs was estimated using the modified Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). A multivariate logistic regression model was applied to evaluate the effects of risk factors on WMSDs on multiple body parts. RESULTS The 12-month prevalence of WMSDs among participants was 40.6%, and the common body sites affected were the neck (26.8%), shoulder (22.8%), upper back (14.9%), and lower back (14.8%). The results of logistic regression showed that female adults, > 5 job tenure and work-related factors (including awkward posture, lifting or carrying weights, excessive repetition, prolonged sitting, monotonous work and working under conditions of cold or temperature variations) led to a higher risk of WMSDs on most body parts. Upper back, wrist/hand and elbow pain levels were significantly higher for workers with vibration. However, more frequently, physical exercise was a protective factor against WMSDs on most body parts except the upper back, leg and knee. CONCLUSIONS The study indicates a high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among the electronics manufacturing industry in China. Different personal and work factors are related to the occurrence of WMSD on different body parts. Preventive measures should be implemented based on the characteristics of WMSD in the electronic manufacturing industry. Furthermore, the training and intervention guidance of ergonomic hazards in the workplace need to be strengthened by understanding the impact of bad posture, avoiding long-term sitting posture and increasing physical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- grid.430328.eDepartment of Occupational Health and Poisoning Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200336 China
| | - Niu Di
- grid.430328.eDepartment of Occupational Health and Poisoning Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200336 China
| | - Wei-wei Guo
- grid.430328.eDepartment of Occupational Health and Poisoning Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200336 China
| | - Wen-bin Ding
- grid.430328.eDepartment of Occupational Health and Poisoning Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200336 China
| | - Ning Jia
- grid.508383.50000 0004 7588 9350Department of Occupational Protection and Ergonomics, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Hengdong Zhang
- grid.410734.50000 0004 1761 5845Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Dongxia Li
- Guizhou Province Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou China
| | - Dayu Wang
- Tianjin Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Rugang Wang
- grid.418263.a0000 0004 1798 5707Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Danying Zhang
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Yongquan Liu
- Institute of Occupational Medicine of Jiangxi, Nanchang, Jiangxi China
| | - Bo Shen
- Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, Fujian China
| | - Zhong-xu Wang
- grid.508383.50000 0004 7588 9350Department of Occupational Protection and Ergonomics, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Yan Yin
- grid.430328.eDepartment of Occupational Health and Poisoning Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200336 China
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Kim K, Sung HK, Lee K, Park SK. Semiconductor Work, Leukemia, and Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14733. [PMID: 36429453 PMCID: PMC9690168 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the development of the semiconductor industry over the past 60 years, various occupational diseases have been reported to coincide with rapid industrial growth. Among these occupational diseases, the association between semiconductor work and cancers, including leukemia, remains controversial. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis assesses the associations between semiconductor work, leukemia, and cancer risk. METHODS The core research databases, including PubMed, were screened for studies published until 31 July 2022. All eligible studies assessed cancer risk among workers in the semiconductor industry. RESULTS Nine studies were selected after a literature review. The employment period of semiconductor workers in each study was between 1965 and 2009. Semiconductor work was not significantly associated with the risk of leukemia (Relative Risk [RR], 1.02; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 0.74-1.41) or cancer (RR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.93-1.07). CONCLUSION In this meta-analysis, semiconductor work was not significantly associated with leukemia or cancer risk. Internal comparisons, such as non-fab workers, quality of the study, employment period, and healthy worker effect, should be considered for interpretation. Furthermore, a prospective cohort study based on overall semiconductor workers in the industry could be useful to assess occupational disease risk as a mandatory component of health assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungsik Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Daehak-ro 101, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Daehak-ro 101, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Daehak-ro 101, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Ho Kyung Sung
- Institute for Public Healthcare, National Medical Center, Eulji-ro 245, Jung-gu, Seoul 04564, Korea
- National Emergency Medical Center, National Medical Center, Eulji-ro 245, Jung-gu, Seoul 04564, Korea
| | - Kwan Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea
| | - Sue K. Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Daehak-ro 101, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Daehak-ro 101, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Daehak-ro 101, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
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Biological Assessment of Potential Exposure to Occupational Substances in Current Semiconductor Workers with at Least 5 Years of Employment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148737. [PMID: 35886589 PMCID: PMC9318163 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Background: this study aimed to conduct a biological assessment of the potential exposure to carcinogenic substances in current semiconductor workers. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 306 semiconductor workers. The assessed biomarkers were as follows: (benzene) urine S-phenylmercapturic, trans,trans-muconic acid, blood benzene; (trichloroethylene) urine trichloroacetic acid; (2-ethoxyethanol) 2-ethoxyacetic acid; (arsine) urine arsenic3+, arsenic5+, monomethylarsonic, dimethylarsinic acid, arsenobetaine; (shift work) 6-hydroxymelatonin; (smoking) cotinine, and (radiation). The detection rate of these materials is defined as more than the biological exposure index (BEI) or the previous reference value. Results: Some workers exposed to trans,trans-muconic acid, trichloroacetic acid, and arsenic5+ showed high BEI levels. Generally, there was no difference according to job categories, and workers were suspected to be exposed to other sources. The melatonin concentration tended to decrease when working at night, and cotinine was identified as an excellent surrogate marker for smoking. In the case of radiation exposure, there was no significant difference in the number of stable chromosome translocation in 19 semiconductor workers. Their estimated radiation exposure level was below the limit of detection (LOD) or near the LOD level. Conclusion: In this study, most carcinogens were below the BEI level, but verification through re-measurement was needed for workers who were identified to have a high BEI level. For continuous monitoring, a prospective cohort is necessary to deal with the healthy worker effect and assess additional materials.
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Chu PC, Wang TG, Guo YL. Work-related and personal factors in shoulder disorders among electronics workers: findings from an electronics enterprise in Taiwan. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1525. [PMID: 34372812 PMCID: PMC8351339 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11572-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The electronics industry is one of the largest global industries, and significant numbers of workers are engaged in this industry. Evidence suggests two associations, including one between ergonomic risks and shoulder disorders and another between psychological stress and psychological problems among workers in this industry. Investigations on ergonomic risks, psychological stress, and sex effects for shoulder disorders in this industry are limited. This study aimed to explore personal and work-related factors associated with shoulder disorders and to investigate the combined effect of similar ergonomic risk factors. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 931 workers aged 20 to 58 from an electronics factory in Taiwan were recruited. A Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire was used to assess shoulder symptoms. Sociodemographic factors and work-related factors, including psychological stress, were assessed. One hundred random sample workers with shoulder symptoms underwent a standardized clinical test for the evaluation of subacromial impingement syndrome. The ergonomic risks were assessed by the risk filter of 'upper limb disorders in the workplace', including repetition, posture, force, vibration, and duration of exposure. RESULTS The prevalence of shoulder symptoms was 30.5, and 19% of those with shoulder symptoms had subacromial impingement syndrome. In multivariable analyses, older age (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.37, 95% CI 1.01-1.86), repetition (aOR = 1.73, 95% CI 1.15-2.60) and posture (aOR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.10-3.11) were associated with shoulder symptoms. Regarding the gender effect, older age (aOR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.01-2.11), repetition (aOR = 1.64, 95% CI 1.00-2.68), posture (aOR = 1.89, 95% CI 1.01-3.52), and force (aOR = 1.68, 95% CI 0.99-2.85) were associated with shoulder symptoms in men, whereas posture (aOR = 2.12, 95% CI 0.99-4.57) was associated with symptoms in women. CONCLUSIONS This study implies that repetition and posture are important risk factors for shoulder disorders in the electronics industry. The risk exhibited sex differences, and force was more important for shoulder disorders in men. Such information is useful to help occupational health practitioners and policy makers conduct preventive programmes on shoulder disorders in this working population. Future longitudinal studies on work-related shoulder disorders are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Ching Chu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, #1, Ren-Ai Rd. Sec. 1, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan.,Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, #7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Tyng-Guey Wang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, #1, Ren-Ai Rd. Sec. 1, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, #7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Yue Leon Guo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, #1, Ren-Ai Rd. Sec. 1, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan. .,Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, #7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.
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Ling CF, Radin Umar RZ, Ahmad N. Development of a predictive model for work-relatedness of MSDs among semiconductor back-end workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2020; 28:872-882. [DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2020.1840116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chai Fong Ling
- Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Radin Zaid Radin Umar
- Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia
- Center of Smart System and Innovative Design, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Ahmad
- Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia
- Center of Smart System and Innovative Design, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia
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Kim MH, Kim H, Paek D. The health impacts of semiconductor production: an epidemiologic review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2013; 20:95-114. [PMID: 24999845 DOI: 10.1179/2049396713y.0000000050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite concerns over the harmful health effects of semiconductor production, epidemiological studies have shown mixed results. OBJECTIVES We aim to critically appraise epidemiologic studies to date, and to suggest future research and actions to protect workers in semiconductor industry. METHODS Epidemiologic studies were identified through electronic database searches, review of reference lists of relevant published works, and expert consultations, and were narratively reviewed. RESULTS Most evidence suggests reproductive risks from fabrication jobs, including spontaneous abortion (SAB), congenital malformation, and reduced fertility. Although chemicals have been suspected as causal agents, knowledge of the likely contribution(s) from specific exposures is still limited. Evidence of cancer risk seems to be equivocal. However, the available studies had serious limitations including healthy worker effects (HWEs), information bias, and insufficient power, all of which are associated with underestimation. Nevertheless, excess risks for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), leukemia, brain tumor, and breast cancer were observed. CONCLUSIONS Monitoring and innovative research based on international collaboration with a focus on sentinel events are required.
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Barcenilla A, March LM, Chen JS, Sambrook PN. Carpal tunnel syndrome and its relationship to occupation: a meta-analysis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011; 51:250-61. [PMID: 21586523 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between work place exposure and CTS by meta-analysis, including analyses with respect to exposure to hand force, repetition, vibration and wrist posture. METHODS All relevant peer-reviewed articles published between January 1980 and December 2009 were identified by a systematic search using the MEDLINE, CINAHL and PubMed databases. Papers were critiqued independently by two researchers and the relevant exposure information was extracted. Using the raw data of exposed and unexposed cases, a cumulative effect of specific exposure risks were calculated for hand force, repetition, a combination of force and repetition, vibration and wrist posture using the statistical program, Stata version 11 (StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA). Heterogeneity, meta-regression, publication bias and subgroup sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS Thirty-seven studies from English-language literature met the inclusion criteria. Using National Institute for Occupational Health and Safety criteria for case definition, a significant positive association between CTS and hand force, repetition, use of vibratory tools and wrist posture was observed with approximate doubling of risk for all exposures. Significant heterogeneity among studies was observed for most exposures and metaregression analyses identified CTS case definition, study design, country and risk of bias score to be the significant determinants. When a more conservative definition of CTS was employed to include nerve conduction abnormality with symptoms and/or signs, risk factors significantly associated with an increased risk of CTS among exposed workers were: vibration [odds ratio (OR) 5.40; 95% CI 3.14, 9.31], hand force (OR 4.23; 95% CI 1.53, 11.68) and repetition (OR 2.26; 95% CI 1.73, 2.94). There was a non-significant trend for the association between CTS and combined exposure to both force and repetition (OR 1.85; 95% CI 0.99, 3.45) and wrist posture (OR 4.73; 95% CI 0.42, 53.32). CONCLUSION Occupational exposure to excess vibration, increased hand force and repetition increase the risk of developing CTS. Workplace strategies to avoid overexposure to these risk factors should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annica Barcenilla
- Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, University of Sydney, Level 4, Building 35, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
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Côté P, van der Velde G, Cassidy JD, Carroll LJ, Hogg-Johnson S, Holm LW, Carragee EJ, Haldeman S, Nordin M, Hurwitz EL, Guzman J, Peloso PM. The burden and determinants of neck pain in workers: results of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2009; 32:S70-86. [PMID: 19251078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2008.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Systematic review and best evidence synthesis. OBJECTIVES To describe the prevalence and incidence of neck pain and disability in workers; to identify risk factors for neck pain in workers; to propose an etiological diagram; and to make recommendations for future research. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Previous reviews of the etiology of neck pain in workers relied on cross-sectional evidence. Recently published cohorts and randomized trials warrant a re-analysis of this body of research. METHODS We systematically searched Medline for literature published from 1980-2006. Retrieved articles were reviewed for relevance. Relevant articles were critically appraised. Articles judged to have adequate internal validity were included in our best evidence synthesis. RESULTS One hundred and nine papers on the burden and determinants of neck pain in workers were scientifically admissible. The annual prevalence of neck pain varied from 27.1% in Norway to 47.8% in Québec, Canada. Each year, between 11% and 14.1% of workers were limited in their activities because of neck pain. Risk factors associated with neck pain in workers include age, previous musculoskeletal pain, high quantitative job demands, low social support at work, job insecurity, low physical capacity, poor computer workstation design and work posture, sedentary work position, repetitive work and precision work. We found preliminary evidence that gender, occupation, headaches, emotional problems, smoking, poor job satisfaction, awkward work postures, poor physical work environment, and workers' ethnicity may be associated with neck pain. There is evidence that interventions aimed at modifying workstations and worker posture are not effective in reducing the incidence of neck pain in workers. CONCLUSION Neck disorders are a significant source of pain and activity limitations in workers. Most neck pain results from complex relationships between individual and workplace risk factors. No prevention strategies have been shown to reduce the incidence of neck pain in workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Côté
- Centre of Research Expertise in Improved Disability Outcomes, University Health Network Rehabilitation Solutions, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
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Côté P, van der Velde G, David Cassidy J, Carroll LJ, Hogg-Johnson S, Holm LW, Carragee EJ, Haldeman S, Nordin M, Hurwitz EL, Guzman J, Peloso PM. The Burden and Determinants of Neck Pain in Workers. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00586-008-0626-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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The burden and determinants of neck pain in workers: results of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2008; 33:S60-74. [PMID: 18204402 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0b013e3181643ee4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Systematic review and best evidence synthesis. OBJECTIVES To describe the prevalence and incidence of neck pain and disability in workers; to identify risk factors for neck pain in workers; to propose an etiological diagram; and to make recommendations for future research. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Previous reviews of the etiology of neck pain in workers relied on cross-sectional evidence. Recently published cohorts and randomized trials warrant a re-analysis of this body of research. METHODS We systematically searched Medline for literature published from 1980-2006. Retrieved articles were reviewed for relevance. Relevant articles were critically appraised. Articles judged to have adequate internal validity were included in our best evidence synthesis. RESULTS One hundred and nine papers on the burden and determinants of neck pain in workers were scientifically admissible. The annual prevalence of neck pain varied from 27.1% in Norway to 47.8% in Québec, Canada. Each year, between 11% and 14.1% of workers were limited in their activities because of neck pain. Risk factors associated with neck pain in workers include age, previous musculoskeletal pain, high quantitative job demands, low social support at work, job insecurity, low physical capacity, poor computer workstation design and work posture, sedentary work position, repetitive work and precision work. We found preliminary evidence that gender, occupation, headaches, emotional problems, smoking, poor job satisfaction, awkward work postures, poor physical work environment, and workers' ethnicity may be associated with neck pain. There is evidence that interventions aimed at modifying workstations and worker posture are not effective in reducing the incidence of neck pain in workers. CONCLUSION Neck disorders are a significant source of pain and activity limitations in workers. Most neck pain results from complex relationships between individual and workplace risk factors. No prevention strategies have been shown to reduce the incidence of neck pain in workers.
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Bongers PM, Kremer AM, ter Laak J. Are psychosocial factors, risk factors for symptoms and signs of the shoulder, elbow, or hand/wrist?: A review of the epidemiological literature. Am J Ind Med 2002; 41:315-42. [PMID: 12071487 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.10050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 425] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 1993, an extensive review on the role of psychosocial factors in the development of musculoskeletal problems was published by Bongers et al (1993). Since then, additional reviews on this topic have been published; however, none of these focussed on upper limb problems. METHODS In this systematic review, the methodological quality of all studies was assessed and levels of evidence were apriori defined. RESULTS The large majority of the studies reported an association between at least one work-related psychosocial factor and adverse upper extremity symptoms or signs. High-perceived job stress was consistently associated with all upper extremity problems (UEP) in high and lower quality studies. Although not often studied, non-work-related stress was also consistently associated with UEP. In addition, there was some evidence for a relationship between high job demands and UEP, although the results did not meet the pre-set criterion for consistency. CONCLUSIONS High job stress and non-work-related stress reactions are consistently associated with UEP. In addition, high job demands is also in most studies associated with these disorders. Firm conclusions on the role of these factors in the etiology of UEP are not possible due to the cross-sectional nature of most studies.
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Chung HC, Wang MJ. The effects of container design and stair climbing on maximal acceptable lift weight, wrist posture, psychophysical, and physiological responses in wafer-handling tasks. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2001; 32:593-598. [PMID: 11703045 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-6870(01)00039-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite the high level of automation in semiconductor manufacturing processes, many manual operations are still involved in the workplace. Due to inadequate human-machine interface design, stairs are frequently used to help operators perform wafer-handling tasks. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of climbing stairs and carrying wafer containers (pods) on psychophysical responses (maximal acceptable weight of lift--MAWL, and ratings of perceived exertion--RPE), physiological responses (oxygen consumption--VO2, and heart rate--HR), and wrist posture (ulnar and radial deviations). Each of 12 subjects (six males and six females) performed six sessions (3 climbing stairs x 2 pods types). The results indicate that climbing stairs had a significant influence on MAWL and VO2 (p<0.01). The type of pod effect on wrist posture was significant (p<0.01). Gender effect differences on MAWL, VO2 and wrist posture were also significant (p<0.05). Job design implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Chung
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
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Ariëns GA, van Mechelen W, Bongers PM, Bouter LM, van der Wal G. Psychosocial risk factors for neck pain: a systematic review. Am J Ind Med 2001; 39:180-93. [PMID: 11170160 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0274(200102)39:2<180::aid-ajim1005>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neck pain, which is assumed to be a multifactorial disease, is a major problem in modern society. METHODS To identify the most important psychosocial risk factors for neck pain, a systematic review of the literature was carried out. The methodological quality of all studies in the review was assessed. Four levels of evidence were defined to assess the strength of evidence for potential risk factors for neck pain (strong, moderate, some or inconclusive evidence). RESULTS Some evidence was found for a positive relationship between neck pain and high quantitative job demands, low social (coworker) support, low job control, high and low skill discretion and low job satisfaction. Inconclusive evidence was found for high job strain, low supervisor support, conflicts at work, low job security, and limited rest break opportunities. CONCLUSIONS The procedure of the assessment of the methodological quality and the rating system applied to distinguish between high- and low-score studies, had a considerable influence on the level of evidence, indicating that changes in this procedure may have a major impact on the overall conclusions of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Ariëns
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Santos Filho SB, Barreto SM. [Occupational activity and prevalence of osteomuscular pain among dentists in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil: a contribution to the debate on work-related musculoskeletal disorders]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2001; 17:181-93. [PMID: 11241941 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2001000100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to determine the prevalence of upper-limb and back pain among dentists (n = 358) and factors associated with these symptoms. Dentists were interviewed using a self-administered questionnaire containing data on sociodemographic, occupational, lifestyle, and psychosocial factors and presence, site, and characteristics of pain. Participation rate was 92.3%. 58% reported upper limb pain, with 22, 21, 20, and 17% for the arm, back, neck, and shoulder, respectively. 26% reported daily frequency and 40% classified pain as moderate or severe. In the multivariate analysis (multiple logistic regression), the factors associated with pain were: neck: anxiety/depression (OR = 2.3; CI95%: 1.2-4.5), compressor in the office (OR = 2.1; CI95%: 1.2-3.7), job satisfaction (OR = 0.3; CI95%: 0.1-0.9), and use of indirect vision (OR = 0.5; CI95%: 0.3-0.9); shoulder: income > 20 minimum wage (OR = 2.9; CI95%: 1.2-6.7), greater productivity (OR = 3.3; CI95%: 1.3-8.4), height > or = 160cm (OR = 0.3; CI95%: 0.2-0.7), and age 30-49 years (OR = 0.3; CI95%: 0.1-0.8); back: anxiety/depression (OR = 2.3; CI95%: 1.2-4.5), manual activity (OR = 0.4; CI95%: 0.2-0.9), and being married (OR = 0.5; CI95%: 0.3-0.9); arms: manual activity (OR = 1.8; CI95%: 1.0-3.2).
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Santos Filho
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva e Social, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30110-100, Brasil.
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15
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Harlow SD, Becerril LA, Scholten JN, Sánchez Monroy D, Sánchez RA. The prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints among women in Tijuana, Mexico: sociodemographic and occupational risk factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 1999; 5:267-75. [PMID: 10633243 DOI: 10.1179/oeh.1999.5.4.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The authors interviewed an age- and occupation-stratified sample of 466 women, aged 18-40, from 12 Tijuana neighborhoods, about sociodemographic characteristics, work and reproductive history, and musculoskeletal complaints. A total of 29.8% reported experiencing aches or pain in the low back, 38.3% in the upper back, 26.4% in the neck/shoulders, 18.2% in the hand/wrist, and 28.3% in the legs in the preceding year. Both sociodemographic and occupational factors were associated with these complaints. Very low educational attainment, having substandard housing, being the head of household, and being a migrant were each associated with an increased prevalence of one or more musculoskeletal complaints. In general, working outside the home increased the risk of musculoskeletal complaints. Compared with women who had not worked in the preceding 30-month period, those working in the maquiladora had 40-90% higher risks of upper back, neck/shoulder, and hand/wrist pain. Compared with women working outside the maquiladora, maquiladora women workers had 20% higher risks of low back, upper back, and neck/shoulder complaints. More detailed studies of the incidences of musculoskeletal disorders and of specific etiologic risk factors within the maquiladora industry are warranted. Future studies should concurrently evaluate sociodemographic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Harlow
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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16
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Abbas MA, Afifi AA, Zhang ZW, Kraus JF. Meta-analysis of published studies of work-related carpal tunnel syndrome. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 1998; 4:160-7. [PMID: 10026477 DOI: 10.1179/oeh.1998.4.3.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The published information about work-related carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) was surveyed to identify risk estimates and possible biases influencing the risk estimates. Seventeen studies from the English-language literature were identified and study characteristics were coded for univariate and regression analysis. Country of publication, study population, force, and repetitive motion were significant predictors or risk, with R(2) = 0.57, adjusted R(2) = 0.43, Cp = 5.79, and AIC = 19.6 using the best-subset method of variable selection. Using the forward-variable selection method, country, study population, study type, and repetitive motion were significant predictors, with R(2) = 0.57, Cp = 6.24, p = 0.033. Excess risks of work-related CTS were consistent in the studies reviewed. Studies published in the United States reported higher risk estimates than did those published elsewhere. Some industrial populations were found to have higher risk estimates than others. Cross-sectional designs were the most common epidemiologic approach, but are not without methodologic concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Abbas
- UCLA School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA
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Schenker MB, Gold EB, Beaumont JJ, Eskenazi B, Hammond SK, Lasley BL, McCurdy SA, Samuels SJ, Saiki CL, Swan SH. Association of spontaneous abortion and other reproductive effects with work in the semiconductor industry. Am J Ind Med 1995; 28:639-59. [PMID: 8588555 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.4700280603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that fabrication room (fab) work in the silicon-based semiconductor industry is associated with an increased risk of spontaneous abortion (SAB). The study was conducted nationwide at 14 companies representing a spectrum of large to small manufacturers. A small increase in risk of SAB was observed among fab workers compared with nonfabrication room (nonfab) workers in two cohorts, historical (adjusted RR = 1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.95-2.09) and prospective (adjusted RR = 1.25, 95% CI = 0.63-1.76). Analysis of specific fab exposures in the historical cohort showed a consistent, dose-response association of SAB with photoresist and developer solvents, whose major component was ethylene-based glycol ethers. The consistency of our findings and the toxicological data for these agents suggest that this is a causal association. Independent associations of SAB with self-reported stress and with etching fluorides were observed and require further research. No significant decrease in fertility was observed among men or women working in fabs, but reduced fecundability was suggested for some women fab workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Schenker
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616-8638, USA
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McCurdy SA, Pocekay D, Hammond SK, Woskie SR, Samuels SJ, Schenker MB. A cross-sectional survey of respiratory and general health outcomes among semiconductor industry workers. Am J Ind Med 1995; 28:847-60. [PMID: 8588568 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.4700280616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
As part of the Semiconductor Health Study, we performed a cross-sectional survey to assess prevalence of specific nonreproductive health outcomes and their association with occupational exposures. A total of 3,175 persons from eight manufacturing sites across the U.S. completed a health and work questionnaire (78% participation rate). After adjusting for confounders, responses from fabrication room (fab) workers indicated a greater risk than those of nonfab workers for upper respiratory symptoms (relative risk [RR] = 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03-1.13); a dose-response effect with hours per day spent in fabs was observed. Fab workers also had greater prevalence for persistent wheezing (RR = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.15-2.87), dermatitis within the past year (RR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.04-1.35), and alopecia (RR = 1.73; 95% CI = 1.16-2.54). Female sex, a somatization index score, and smoking were important nonoccupational covariates. Increased respiratory symptoms may result from occupational exposures in fabs; further research is needed to identify causal agents and develop prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A McCurdy
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616-8638, USA
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