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Chien SC, Chen CP, Liou JD. Prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling of uniparental disomy. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 61:210-215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Tolmacheva EN, Vasilyev SA, Nikitina TV, Lytkina ES, Sazhenova EA, Zhigalina DI, Vasilyeva OY, Markov AV, Demeneva VV, Tashireva LA, Kashevarova AA, Lebedev IN. Identification of differentially methylated genes in first-trimester placentas with trisomy 16. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1166. [PMID: 35064135 PMCID: PMC8782849 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04107-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of an extra chromosome in the embryo karyotype often dramatically affects the fate of pregnancy. Trisomy 16 is the most common aneuploidy in first-trimester miscarriages. The present study identified changes in DNA methylation in chorionic villi of miscarriages with trisomy 16. Ninety-seven differentially methylated sites in 91 genes were identified (false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05 and Δβ > 0.15) using DNA methylation arrays. Most of the differentially methylated genes encoded secreted proteins, signaling peptides, and receptors with disulfide bonds. Subsequent analysis using targeted bisulfite massive parallel sequencing showed hypermethylation of the promoters of specific genes in miscarriages with trisomy 16 but not miscarriages with other aneuploidies. Some of the genes were responsible for the development of the placenta and embryo (GATA3-AS1, TRPV6, SCL13A4, and CALCB) and the formation of the mitotic spindle (ANKRD53). Hypermethylation of GATA3-AS1 was associated with reduced expression of GATA3 protein in chorionic villi of miscarriages with trisomy 16. Aberrant hypermethylation of genes may lead to a decrease in expression, impaired trophoblast differentiation and invasion, mitotic disorders, chromosomal mosaicism and karyotype self-correction via trisomy rescue mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina N Tolmacheva
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia.
| | - Stanislav A Vasilyev
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Nikitina
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | | | - Elena A Sazhenova
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Daria I Zhigalina
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Oksana Yu Vasilyeva
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Anton V Markov
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Victoria V Demeneva
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Liubov A Tashireva
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Anna A Kashevarova
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Igor N Lebedev
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
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Prenatal diagnosis of mosaic trisomy 16 by amniocentesis in a pregnancy associated with abnormal first-trimester screening result (low PAPP-A and low PlGF), intrauterine growth restriction and a favorable outcome. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 60:1107-1111. [PMID: 34794747 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2021.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We present prenatal diagnosis of mosaic trisomy 16 by amniocentesis in a pregnancy associated with an abnormal first-trimester screening result, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and a favorable outcome. CASE REPORT A 27-year-old woman underwent amniocentesis at 18 weeks of gestation because of an abnormal first-trimester screening result with maternal serum free β-hCG of 1.474 multiples of the median (MoM), pregnancy associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) of 0.122 MoM and placental growth factor (PlGF) of 0.101 MoM, and a Down syndrome risk of 1/45. Amniocentesis revealed a karyotype of 47,XY,+16 [9]/46,XY [16] and an abnormal array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) result of arr (16) × 3 [0.54] compatible with 54% mosaicism for trisomy 16 in uncultured amniocytes. At 24 weeks of gestation, repeat amniocentesis revealed a karyotype of 47,XY,+16 [4]/46,XY [16] and an aCGH result of arr 16p13.3q24.3 (96,766-90,567,357) × 2.25 with a log2 ratio = 0.2 compatible with 20-30% mosaicism for trisomy 16 in uncultured amniocytes. Quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) excluded uniparental disomy (UPD) 16. Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis on uncultured amniocytes revealed 19.4% (12/62 cells) mosaic trisomy 16. Prenatal ultrasound revealed IUGR. At 36 weeks of gestation, a phenotypically normal baby was delivered with a body weight of 1900 g. The cord blood had a karyotype of 46,XY. QF-PCR analysis confirmed biparentally inherited disomy 16 in the cord blood and maternal-origin of trisomy 16 in the placenta. When follow-up at age two months, FISH analysis on 101 buccal mucosal cells and 32 urinary cells revealed no signal of trisomy 16. CONCLUSION Mosaic trisomy 16 at amniocentesis can be associated with IUGR and an abnormal first-trimester screening result with low PAPP-A and low PlGF. Mosaic trisomy 16 without UPD 16 at amniocentesis can have a favorable outcome, and the abnormal triosmy 16 cell line may disappear after birth.
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Chen CP, Ko TM, Chern SR, Wu PS, Chen SW, Wu FT, Chen YY, Town DD, Chen LF, Wang W. Prenatal diagnosis of maternal uniparental disomy 16 associated with mosaic trisomy 16 at amniocentesis, and pericardial effusion and intrauterine growth restriction in the fetus. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 60:534-539. [PMID: 33966743 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2021.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We present prenatal diagnosis of maternal uniparental disomy (UPD) 16 associated with mosaic trisomy 16 at amniocentesis, and pericardial effusion and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in the fetus. CASE REPORT A 38-year-old woman underwent amniocentesis at 17 weeks of gestation because of advanced maternal age, and the result was 47,XX,+16[2]/46,XX[54]. Simultaneous array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) analysis on the DNA extracted from uncultured amniocytes revealed 14% mosaicism for trisomy 16 and a paternally inherited 319-kb microdeletion of 15q11.2 encompassing the genes of TUBGCP5, CYFIP1, NIPA2 and NIPA1. Prenatal ultrasound revealed persistent left superior vena cava, pericardial effusion and severe IUGR. Cordocentesis at 23 weeks of gestation revealed a karyotype of 46,XX, but polymorphic DNA marker analysis revealed maternal UPD 16. Repeat amniocentesis was performed at 27 weeks of gestation and revealed a karyotype of 46, XX in 21/21 colonies. Molecular cytogenetic analysis on uncultured amniocytes revealed 22.4% mosaicism (26/116 cells) for trisomy 16 on interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis, and 20% mosaicism for trisomy 16 on aCGH. Polymorphic DNA marker analysis on the DNAs extracted from uncultured amniocytes and parental bloods revealed maternal UPD 16. The pregnancy was subsequently terminated, and a fetus was delivered with facial dysmorphism and severe IUGR. The umbilical cord had a karyotype of 47,XX,+16[28]/46,XX[16]. Polymorphic DNA marker analysis on placenta confirmed a maternal origin of trisomy 16. CONCLUSION Cytogenetic discrepancy between cultured amniocytes and uncultured amniocytes may present in mosaic trisomy 16 at amniocentesis. Prenatal diagnosis of mosaic trisomy 16 should alert the association of maternal UPD 16 which may be associated with congenital heart defects and severe IUGR on prenatal ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical and Community Health Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Tsang-Ming Ko
- Genephile Bioscience Laboratory, Ko's Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Schu-Rern Chern
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Shin-Wen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Tzu Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Yi Chen
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dai-Dyi Town
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Feng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wayseen Wang
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Dini P, Kalbfleisch T, Uribe-Salazar JM, Carossino M, Ali HES, Loux SC, Esteller-Vico A, Norris JK, Anand L, Scoggin KE, Rodriguez Lopez CM, Breen J, Bailey E, Daels P, Ball BA. Parental bias in expression and interaction of genes in the equine placenta. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2006474118. [PMID: 33853939 PMCID: PMC8072238 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2006474118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most autosomal genes in the placenta show a biallelic expression pattern. However, some genes exhibit allele-specific transcription depending on the parental origin of the chromosomes on which the copy of the gene resides. Parentally expressed genes are involved in the reciprocal interaction between maternal and paternal genes, coordinating the allocation of resources between fetus and mother. One of the main challenges of studying parental-specific allelic expression (allele-specific expression [ASE]) in the placenta is the maternal cellular remnant at the fetomaternal interface. Horses (Equus caballus) have an epitheliochorial placenta in which both the endometrial epithelium and the epithelium of the chorionic villi are juxtaposed with minimal extension into the uterine mucosa, yet there is no information available on the allelic gene expression of equine chorioallantois (CA). In the current study, we present a dataset of 1,336 genes showing ASE in the equine CA (https://pouya-dini.github.io/equine-gene-db/) along with a workflow for analyzing ASE genes. We further identified 254 potentially imprinted genes among the parentally expressed genes in the equine CA and evaluated the expression pattern of these genes throughout gestation. Our gene ontology analysis implies that maternally expressed genes tend to decrease the length of gestation, while paternally expressed genes extend the length of gestation. This study provides fundamental information regarding parental gene expression during equine pregnancy, a species with a negligible amount of maternal cellular remnant in its placenta. This information will provide the basis for a better understanding of the role of parental gene expression in the placenta during gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Dini
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - Theodore Kalbfleisch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - José M Uribe-Salazar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Genome Center, Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Mariano Carossino
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503
| | - Hossam El-Sheikh Ali
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503
- Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Shavahn C Loux
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503
| | - Alejandro Esteller-Vico
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503
| | - Jamie K Norris
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503
| | - Lakshay Anand
- Environmental Epigenetics and Genetics Group, Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546
| | - Kirsten E Scoggin
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503
| | - Carlos M Rodriguez Lopez
- Environmental Epigenetics and Genetics Group, Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546
| | - James Breen
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Ernest Bailey
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503
| | - Peter Daels
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - Barry A Ball
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503;
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Fan X, Huang H, Lin X, Xue H, Cai M, Lin N, Xu L. Performance of Chromosomal Microarray Analysis for Detection of Copy Number Variations in Fetal Echogenic Bowel. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:1431-1438. [PMID: 33859509 PMCID: PMC8044071 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s299806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal echogenic bowel (FEB) is associated with an increased risk of poor pregnant outcomes; however, karyotyping fails to detect copy number variations (CNVs) in FEB. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) for detection of FEB. METHODS The medical records of 147 pregnant women with FEB recruited during December 2015 to December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed, and prenatal samples were collected for karyotyping and CMA. The detection of chromosomal abnormality was compared between karyotyping and CMA. RESULTS Karyotyping identified eight cases with abnormal karyotypes (5.44% prevalence), including four fetuses with pathogenic aneuploidy, three with chromosome polymorphism and one with balanced chromosome translocation. CMA identified 13 abnormal CNVs (8.84% prevalence), including 4 fetuses with pathogenic aneuploidy as detected by karyotyping and 9 additional CNVs with normal karyotypes; however, CMA failed to detect chromosome polymorphism and balanced chromosome translocation. In fetuses with isolated FEB, no cases presented pathogenic findings and CMA detected two cases with variants of uncertain significance (VOUS). In cases presenting FEB along with other ultrasound abnormalities, CMA detected three cases with pathogenic CNVs and four cases with VOUS in addition to four cases with aneuploidy. There was no significant difference in the detection of abnormal CNVs between the fetuses with echogenic bowel alone and along with other ultrasound abnormalities (10% vs 8.67%, P > 0.05). Except 9 fetuses lost to the follow-up, the other 138 fetuses with echogenic bowel were successfully followed up. Pregnancy was terminated in 5 fetuses with chromosomal abnormality, 2 with pathogenic CNVs and 1 with VOUS, and other 16 with normal karyotypes and CMA findings but showing ultrasound abnormalities or multiple malformations. CONCLUSION Isolated FEB is associated with a good prognosis, and a satisfactory pregnant outcome is expected for fetuses with echogenic bowel that are negative for chromosomal anomalies and other severe structure abnormalities. CMA shows an important value in the genetic diagnosis of FEB. As a supplement to karyotyping, CMA may improve the accuracy of prenatal diagnosis of fetal intestinal malformations in pregnant women with FEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqun Fan
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hailong Huang
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiyao Lin
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 350122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huili Xue
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiying Cai
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Lin
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangpu Xu
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
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Chen CP, Chen M, Wang LK, Chern SR, Wu PS, Ma GC, Chang SP, Chen SW, Wu FT, Lee CC, Chen YY, Wang W. Low-level mosaicism for trisomy 16 at amniocentesis in a pregnancy associated with intrauterine growth restriction and a favorable outcome. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 60:345-349. [PMID: 33678340 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We present low-level mosaicism for trisomy 16 at amniocentesis in a pregnancy associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and a favorable outcome. CASE REPORT A 31-year-old woman underwent amniocentesis at 24 weeks of gestation because of IUGR. Amniocentesis revealed a karyotype of 47,XX,+16 [3]/46,XX [22]. Simultaneous array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) analysis on the DNA extracted from uncultured amniocytes revealed gene dosage increase in chromosome 16 consistent with 28% mosaicism for trisomy 16. Uniparental disomy (UPD) 7 and UPD 11 were excluded. She underwent repeat amniocentesis at 27 weeks of gestation. Repeat amniocentesis revealed a karyotype of 47,XX,+16 [1]/46,XX [24]. Simultaneous aCGH analysis on the DNA extracted from uncultured amniocytes revealed 25%-35% (log2 ratio = 0.17-0.25) mosaicism for trisomy 16. Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis detected trisomy 16 signals in 28/100 (28%) uncultured amniocytes. Polymorphic DNA marker analysis excluded UPD 16. Level II ultrasound revealed no fetal abnormalities except symmetric IUGR. The pregnancy was continued to 37 weeks of gestation, and a 2306-g phenotypically normal baby was delivered. The cord blood had a karyotype of 46, XX in 50/50 lymphocytes. The umbilical cord had a karyotype of 47,XX,+16 [14]/46,XX [36]. Interphase FISH analysis on buccal mucosal cells and urinary cells at age three days revealed trisomy 16 signals in 3.8% (4/106) buccal mucosal cells and 6.5% (7/107) urinary cells, compared with 1% in the normal control. Polymorphic DNA marker analysis on placenta confirmed trisomy 16 in the placenta and a maternal origin of the extra chromosome 16. CONCLUSION Cytogenetic discrepancy between cultured amniocytes and uncultured amniocytes may present in mosaic trisomy 16 at amniocentesis. Low-level mosaicism for trisomy 16 at amniocentesis without maternal UPD 16 can be associated with a favorable outcome despite the presence of IUGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical and Community Health Nursing, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Department of Genomic Science and Technology, Changhua Christian Hospital Healthcare System, Changhua, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Science, Dayeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Kai Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Schu-Rern Chern
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Gwo-Chin Ma
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Department of Genomic Science and Technology, Changhua Christian Hospital Healthcare System, Changhua, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Ping Chang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Department of Genomic Science and Technology, Changhua Christian Hospital Healthcare System, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Wen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Tzu Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chi Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Yi Chen
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wayseen Wang
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Nguyen HH, Umapathi KK, Bokowski JW, Hogan K, Hart A, Li MH. Mosaic Trisomy 16 Associated with Left Lung Agenesis, Abnormal Left Arm, and Right Pulmonary Artery Stenosis: Expanding the Phenotype and Review of the Literature. J Pediatr Genet 2020; 11:324-332. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1721136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTrisomy 16 is the most common autosomal trisomy found in spontaneous abortions with mosaic versions seen in survivors. However, surviving children have multiple congenital defects and are at risk of growth and developmental delay. We report an additional case of mosaic trisomy 16 diagnosed by amniocentesis and confirmed after birth. Our patient is the first documented case of living mosaic trisomy 16 with the malformation constellation of lung agenesis, left pulmonary artery agenesis, congenital heart defects, and ipsilateral radial ray and limb abnormalities, expanding the phenotype of this rare condition. Additionally, this individual's unique combination of lung and cardiac defects caused morbidities that were challenging to manage and complicated family counseling as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang H. Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | | | - John W. Bokowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Kelsey Hogan
- Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Alexa Hart
- Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Mindy H. Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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Grau Madsen S, Uldbjerg N, Sunde L, Becher N. Prognosis for pregnancies with trisomy 16 confined to the placenta: A Danish cohort study. Prenat Diagn 2019; 38:1103-1110. [PMID: 30328629 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the risk of adverse pregnancy outcome when trisomy 16 confined to the placenta is diagnosed and to identify possible prognostic markers for adverse outcomes in these pregnancies. METHOD Registered cases (n = 49) of trisomy 16 diagnosed prenatally in Denmark from 1990 to 2013 were included. RESULTS Twenty-five of the pregnancies intended to be continued had confined placental trisomy 16 mosaicism (CPM16). Adverse pregnancy outcome was seen in 17 CPM16 pregnancies (68%), ranging from mild small for gestational age (SGA) to fetal malformations and intrauterine demise. For cases ascertained by combined first trimester screening, the median concentration of pregnancy associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) was 0.17 MoM (IQR: 0.11 MoM). Adverse pregnancy outcome showed a trend toward an association with a high frequency of trisomic cells. Eight children (32%) were born at term with a normal birth weight and no malformations. CONCLUSION The risk of adverse pregnancy outcome in case of CPM16 is correlated to ascertainment by combined first trimester screening and tends to be associated with a high frequency of trisomic cells in the placenta. We recommend that variables including ascertainment, the frequency of trisomic cells, and the maternal serum concentration of PAPP-A are taken into consideration when evaluating the prognosis in CPM16 while acknowledging that these factors are strongly correlated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Grau Madsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Uldbjerg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lone Sunde
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Naja Becher
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Center for Fetal Diagnostics, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
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Schulze KV, Szafranski P, Lesmana H, Hopkin RJ, Hamvas A, Wambach JA, Shinawi M, Zapata G, Carvalho CMB, Liu Q, Karolak JA, Lupski JR, Hanchard NA, Stankiewicz P. Novel parent-of-origin-specific differentially methylated loci on chromosome 16. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:60. [PMID: 30961659 PMCID: PMC6454695 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0655-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital malformations associated with maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 16, upd(16)mat, resemble those observed in newborns with the lethal developmental lung disease, alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV). Interestingly, ACDMPV-causative deletions, involving FOXF1 or its lung-specific upstream enhancer at 16q24.1, arise almost exclusively on the maternally inherited chromosome 16. Given the phenotypic similarities between upd(16)mat and ACDMPV, together with parental allelic bias in ACDMPV, we hypothesized that there may be unknown imprinted loci mapping to chromosome 16 that become functionally unmasked by chromosomal structural variants. RESULTS To identify parent-of-origin biased DNA methylation, we performed high-resolution bisulfite sequencing of chromosome 16 on peripheral blood and cultured skin fibroblasts from individuals with maternal or paternal upd(16) as well as lung tissue from patients with ACDMPV-causative 16q24.1 deletions and a normal control. We identified 22 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) with ≥ 5 consecutive CpG methylation sites and varying tissue-specificity, including the known DMRs associated with the established imprinted gene ZNF597 and DMRs supporting maternal methylation of PRR25, thought to be paternally expressed in lymphoblastoid cells. Lastly, we found evidence of paternal methylation on 16q24.1 near LINC01082 mapping to the FOXF1 enhancer. CONCLUSIONS Using high-resolution bisulfite sequencing to evaluate DNA methylation across chromosome 16, we found evidence for novel candidate imprinted loci on chromosome 16 that would not be evident in array-based assays and could contribute to the birth defects observed in patients with upd(16)mat or in ACDMPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina V Schulze
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Przemyslaw Szafranski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Harry Lesmana
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Robert J Hopkin
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Aaron Hamvas
- Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jennifer A Wambach
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marwan Shinawi
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gladys Zapata
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Claudia M B Carvalho
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Justyna A Karolak
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Neil A Hanchard
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- USDA/ARS/Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Paweł Stankiewicz
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Molecular investigation of uniparental disomy (UPD) in spontaneous abortions. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2019; 236:116-120. [PMID: 30903884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE About 10-15% of all clinically recognized pregnancies end as spontaneous abortions while at least 50% of pregnancies are lost before reaching term gestation. Genetic abnormalities are responsible for ≥50% of all early miscarriages. The aim is to indentify associations between UPD and abortions and regarding UPD as pathogenetic mechanism possibly to understand the role of imprinted genes or recessive mutations in abortions. STUDY DESIGN To determine additional factors causing spontaneous abortions we searched for uniparental disomies (UPD) which is known to be associated with distinct birth defects as per the chromosome involved and parental origin. Studies were carried on DNA of 68 cases of first trimester spontaneous abortions and DNA of their parents. We examined tissue from aborted fetuses, especially in the first trimester, with molecular techniques to detect UPD to chromosomes that contain imprinting genes.The inheritance of each region of the chromosome was determined by comparing the genotypes obtained from abortion and parental DNA. RESULTS Of the 68 cases of spontaneous abortions investigated, 324% were found to be biparental inheritance or were uninformative in locus that they were examined, 4118% were matUPD, 147% trisomy for a chromosome, 8,8% patUPD and 294% matUPD and trisomy for a certain chromosome. Most cases of UPD found on chromosomes 21 and 14. Many of those are found in combination with chromosomes 13, 20 and 22. CONCLUSIONS UPD might be a common finding among spontaneous abortuses. UPD can be a cause of miscarriage if localized to regions of chromosomes with imprinted genes which control embryogenesis and fetal development and or can activate a recessive mutation in genes which are essential for early embryogenesis.
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Sparks TN, Thao K, Norton ME. Mosaic trisomy 16: what are the obstetric and long-term childhood outcomes? Genet Med 2017; 19:1164-1170. [PMID: 28383546 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2017.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate obstetric and neonatal outcomes as well as long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes and quality of life among prenatally detected cases of mosaic trisomy (MT16) and confined placental mosaicism (CPM) for trisomy 16. METHODS We recruited participants for this cross-sectional study through an international registry of families with children diagnosed with MT16 or CPM. Parents were interviewed about expectations based on prenatal counseling as well as about actual perinatal outcomes, congenital anomalies, medical conditions, and school progress. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was assessed via the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Generic Core Scales. RESULTS Forty-four families were enrolled, and 68.2% of the children were female. Common complications were gestational hypertension (gHTN) or preeclampsia (38.1%), preterm delivery (PTD; 71.4%), cesarean delivery (CD; 73.8%), birth weight <10th percentile (73.8%), neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission (88.1%), and congenital anomalies (59.5%). However, 81.8% of school-aged children were entirely in mainstream classes, and median physical, psychosocial, and total HRQOL scores were high: 90.6 (34.4-100), 86.7 (35-100), and 84.8 (34.8-100), respectively (100 = optimal quality of life). CONCLUSION Several obstetric and neonatal complications are common with pregnancies affected by MT16 or CPM. However, the majority of children demonstrate normal neurodevelopmental outcomes and high HRQOL.Genet Med advance online publication 06 April 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa N Sparks
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kao Thao
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mary E Norton
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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13
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Pathogenetics of alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins. Hum Genet 2016; 135:569-586. [PMID: 27071622 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-016-1655-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV) is a lethal lung developmental disorder caused by heterozygous point mutations or genomic deletion copy-number variants (CNVs) of FOXF1 or its upstream enhancer involving fetal lung-expressed long noncoding RNA genes LINC01081 and LINC01082. Using custom-designed array comparative genomic hybridization, Sanger sequencing, whole exome sequencing (WES), and bioinformatic analyses, we studied 22 new unrelated families (20 postnatal and two prenatal) with clinically diagnosed ACDMPV. We describe novel deletion CNVs at the FOXF1 locus in 13 unrelated ACDMPV patients. Together with the previously reported cases, all 31 genomic deletions in 16q24.1, pathogenic for ACDMPV, for which parental origin was determined, arose de novo with 30 of them occurring on the maternally inherited chromosome 16, strongly implicating genomic imprinting of the FOXF1 locus in human lungs. Surprisingly, we have also identified four ACDMPV families with the pathogenic variants in the FOXF1 locus that arose on paternal chromosome 16. Interestingly, a combination of the severe cardiac defects, including hypoplastic left heart, and single umbilical artery were observed only in children with deletion CNVs involving FOXF1 and its upstream enhancer. Our data demonstrate that genomic imprinting at 16q24.1 plays an important role in variable ACDMPV manifestation likely through long-range regulation of FOXF1 expression, and may be also responsible for key phenotypic features of maternal uniparental disomy 16. Moreover, in one family, WES revealed a de novo missense variant in ESRP1, potentially implicating FGF signaling in the etiology of ACDMPV.
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Sachwitz J, Strobl-Wildemann G, Fekete G, Ambrozaitytė L, Kučinskas V, Soellner L, Begemann M, Eggermann T. Examinations of maternal uniparental disomy and epimutations for chromosomes 6, 14, 16 and 20 in Silver-Russell syndrome-like phenotypes. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2016; 17:20. [PMID: 26969265 PMCID: PMC4787016 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-016-0280-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is a growth retardation disorder with a very broad molecular and clinical spectrum. Whereas the association of SRS with imprinting disturbances of chromosomes 11p15.5 and 7 is generally accepted, there are controversial discussions on the involvement of other molecular changes. The recent reports on the occurrence of maternal uniparental disomies of chromosomes 6, 16 and 20 (upd(6, 16, 20)mat), as well as 14q32 imprint alterations in patients with SRS phenotypes raise the question on the involvement of these mutations in the etiology of SRS. Methods A cohort of 54 growth retarded patients with SRS features was screened for aberrant methylation patterns of chromsomes 6, 14, 16 and 20. Results One carrier of a 14q32 epimutation was identified whereas epimutations and maternal UPD for chromosomes 6, 16 and 20 were excluded. Conclusions Our data and those from the literature confirm that 14q32 disturbances significantly contribute to the mutation spectrum in this cohort. Furthermore, maternal uniparental disomy of chromosomes 6, 16 and 20 can be observed, but are rare. In case they occur they can be regarded as causative for clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Sachwitz
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - György Fekete
- II. Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laima Ambrozaitytė
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vaidutis Kučinskas
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Lukas Soellner
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Begemann
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen, Germany.
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15
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Lemke KH, Weier JF, Weier HUG, Lawin-O'Brien AR. High Performance DNA Probes for Perinatal Detection of Numerical Chromosome Aberrations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 3. [PMID: 26855976 PMCID: PMC4739796 DOI: 10.4172/2379-1764.1000155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Human reproduction is a tightly controlled process of stepwise evolution with multiple, mostly yet unknown milestones and checkpoints. Healthy halpoid gametes have to be produced by the parents, which will fuse to form the diploid zygote that implants in the female uterus and grows to become first an embryo, then a fetus and finally matures into a newborn. There are several known risk factors that interfere with normal production of gametes, spermatocytes or oocytes, and often cause embryonic mortality and fetal demise at an early stage. Yet some embryos with chomosomal abnormalities can develop beyond the critical first trimester of pregnancy and, while those with supernumary chromosomes in their hyperdiploid cells will be spontaneously aborted, a small fraction of fetuses with an extra chromosome continues to grow to term and will be delivered as a liveborn baby. While minor clinical symptoms displayed by children with trisomies are manageable for many parents, the burden of caring for a child with numerical chromosome abnormalities can be overwhelming to partners or individual families. It also poses a significant financial burden to the society and poses ethical dilemma. In this communication, we will review the progress that has been made in the development of molecular techniques to test individual fetal cells for chromosomal imbalances. We will focus our discussion on the direct visualization of chromosome-specific DNA sequences in live or fixed specimens using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and, more specifically, talk about the groundbreaking progress that in recent years has been achieved towards an improved diagnosis with novel, chromosome-specific DNA probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalistyn H Lemke
- Life Sciences Division, University of California, E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, USA
| | - Jingly F Weier
- Life Sciences Division, University of California, E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, USA; Dermatopathology Service, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Heinz-Ulrich G Weier
- Life Sciences Division, University of California, E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, USA
| | - Anna R Lawin-O'Brien
- Centre for Fetal Care, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare, London, UK
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16
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Eggermann T, Perez de Nanclares G, Maher ER, Temple IK, Tümer Z, Monk D, Mackay DJG, Grønskov K, Riccio A, Linglart A, Netchine I. Imprinting disorders: a group of congenital disorders with overlapping patterns of molecular changes affecting imprinted loci. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:123. [PMID: 26583054 PMCID: PMC4650860 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0143-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital imprinting disorders (IDs) are characterised by molecular changes affecting imprinted chromosomal regions and genes, i.e. genes that are expressed in a parent-of-origin specific manner. Recent years have seen a great expansion in the range of alterations in regulation, dosage or DNA sequence shown to disturb imprinted gene expression, and the correspondingly broad range of resultant clinical syndromes. At the same time, however, it has become clear that this diversity of IDs has common underlying principles, not only in shared molecular mechanisms, but also in interrelated clinical impacts upon growth, development and metabolism. Thus, detailed and systematic analysis of IDs can not only identify unifying principles of molecular epigenetics in health and disease, but also support personalisation of diagnosis and management for individual patients and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eggermann
- Department of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen, Germany ; Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France ; 3APHP, Pediatric Endocrinology, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Guiomar Perez de Nanclares
- Molecular (Epi)Genetics Laboratory, BioAraba National Health Institute, Hospital Universitario Araba, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - I Karen Temple
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton, Southampton, UK ; Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Coxford Road, Southampton, UK
| | - Zeynep Tümer
- Clinical Genetic Clinic, Kennedy Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - David Monk
- Imprinting and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Deborah J G Mackay
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton, Southampton, UK ; Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Coxford Road, Southampton, UK
| | - Karen Grønskov
- Clinical Genetic Clinic, Kennedy Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Andrea Riccio
- DiSTABiF, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Agnès Linglart
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics-ABT, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Irène Netchine
- Endocrinology and diabetology for children and reference center for rare disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism, Bicêtre Paris Sud, APHP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France ; INSERM U986, INSERM, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France ; INSERM, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, F-75012 France
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17
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Serrano M, de Diego V, Muchart J, Cuadras D, Felipe A, Macaya A, Velázquez R, Poo MP, Fons C, O'Callaghan MM, García-Cazorla A, Boix C, Robles B, Carratalá F, Girós M, Briones P, Gort L, Artuch R, Pérez-Cerdá C, Jaeken J, Pérez B, Pérez-Dueñas B. Phosphomannomutase deficiency (PMM2-CDG): ataxia and cerebellar assessment. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2015; 10:138. [PMID: 26502900 PMCID: PMC4623922 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-015-0358-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphomannomutase deficiency (PMM2-CDG) is the most frequent congenital disorder of glycosylation. The cerebellum is nearly always affected in PMM2-CDG patients, a cerebellar atrophy progression is observed, and cerebellar dysfunction is their main daily functional limitation. Different therapeutic agents are under development, and clinical evaluation of drug candidates will require a standardized score of cerebellar dysfunction. We aim to assess the validity of the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) in children and adolescents with genetically confirmed PMM2-CDG deficiency. We compare ICARS results with the Nijmegen Pediatric CDG Rating Scale (NPCRS), neuroimaging, intelligence quotient (IQ) and molecular data. METHODS Our observational study included 13 PMM2-CDG patients and 21 control subjects. Ethical permissions and informed consents were obtained. Three independent child neurologists rated PMM2-CDG patients and control subjects using the ICARS. A single clinician administered the NPCRS. All patients underwent brain MRI, and the relative diameter of the midsagittal vermis was measured. Psychometric evaluations were available in six patients. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare ICARS between patients and controls. To evaluate inter-observer agreement in patients' ICARS ratings, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated. ICARS internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient test was used to correlate ICARS with NPCRS, midsagittal vermis relative diameter and IQ. RESULTS ICARS and ICARS subscores differed between patients and controls (p < 0.001). Interobserver agreement of ICARS was "almost perfect" (ICC = 0.99), with a "good" internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.72). ICARS was significantly correlated with the total NPCRS score (rs 0.90, p < 0.001). However, there was no agreement regarding categories of severity. Regarding neuroimaging, inverse correlations between ICARS and midsagittal vermis relative diameter (rs -0.85, p = 0.003) and IQ (rs -0.94, p = 0.005) were found. Patients bearing p.E93A, p.C241S or p.R162W mutations presented a milder phenotype. CONCLUSIONS ICARS is a reliable instrument for assessment of PMM2-CDG patients, without significant inter-rater variability. Despite our limited sample size, the results show a good correlation between functional cerebellar assessment, IQ and neuroimaging. For the first a correlation between ICARS, neuroimaging and IQ in PMM2-CDG patients has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Serrano
- Neuropediatric Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, U-703 Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2. 08950 Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Víctor de Diego
- Neuropediatric Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, U-703 Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2. 08950 Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Muchart
- Radiology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, U-703 Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Cuadras
- Statistics Department, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Felipe
- Grup de Recerca en Neurologia Pediàtrica, Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Secció de Neurologia Pediàtrica, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfons Macaya
- Grup de Recerca en Neurologia Pediàtrica, Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Secció de Neurologia Pediàtrica, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Velázquez
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Pilar Poo
- Neuropediatric Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, U-703 Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2. 08950 Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Fons
- Neuropediatric Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, U-703 Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2. 08950 Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Mar O'Callaghan
- Neuropediatric Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, U-703 Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2. 08950 Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angels García-Cazorla
- Neuropediatric Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, U-703 Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2. 08950 Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Boix
- Neuropediatric Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, U-703 Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2. 08950 Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernabé Robles
- Neurology Department, Hospital General de Sant Boi, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Marisa Girós
- Hospital Clinic-IBC, IDIBAPS, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, U-737 Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paz Briones
- Hospital Clinic-IBC, IDIBAPS, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, U-737 Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Gort
- Hospital Clinic-IBC, IDIBAPS, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, U-737 Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Artuch
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, U-703 Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Celia Pérez-Cerdá
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), U-746 Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER) Madrid, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaak Jaeken
- Center for Metabolic Disease, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Belén Pérez
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), U-746 Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER) Madrid, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Pérez-Dueñas
- Neuropediatric Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, U-703 Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2. 08950 Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
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Dharmadhikari AV, Szafranski P, Kalinichenko VV, Stankiewicz P. Genomic and Epigenetic Complexity of the FOXF1 Locus in 16q24.1: Implications for Development and Disease. Curr Genomics 2015; 16:107-16. [PMID: 26085809 PMCID: PMC4467301 DOI: 10.2174/1389202916666150122223252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The FOXF1 (Forkhead box F1) gene, located on chromosome 16q24.1 encodes a member of the FOX family of transcription factors characterized by a distinct forkhead DNA binding domain. FOXF1 plays an important role in epithelium-mesenchyme signaling, as a downstream target of Sonic hedgehog pathway. Heterozygous point mutations and genomic deletions involving FOXF1 have been reported in newborns with a lethal lung developmental disorder, Alveolar Capillary Dysplasia with Misalignment of Pulmonary Veins (ACDMPV). In addition, genomic deletions upstream to FOXF1 identified in ACDMPV patients have revealed that FOXF1 expression is tightly regulated by distal tissue-specific enhancers. Interestingly, FOXF1 has been found to be incompletely paternally imprinted in human lungs; characterized genomic deletions arose de novo exclusively on maternal chromosome 16, with most of them being Alu-Alu mediated. Regulation of FOXF1 expression likely utilizes a combination of chromosomal looping, differential methylation of an upstream CpG island overlapping GLI transcription factor binding sites, and the function of lung-specific long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). FOXF1 knock-out mouse models demonstrated its critical role in mesoderm differentiation and in the development of pulmonary vasculature. Additionally, epigenetic inactivation of FOXF1 has been reported in breast and colorectal cancers, whereas overexpression of FOXF1 has been associated with a number of other human cancers, e.g. medulloblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. Constitutional duplications of FOXF1 have recently been reported in congenital intestinal malformations. Thus, understanding the genomic and epigenetic complexity at the FOXF1 locus will improve diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of ACDMPV and other human disorders associated with FOXF1 alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash V Dharmadhikari
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics; ; Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Vladimir V Kalinichenko
- Divisions of Pulmonary Biology and Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Pawel Stankiewicz
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics; ; Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Dharmadhikari AV, Gambin T, Szafranski P, Cao W, Probst FJ, Jin W, Fang P, Gogolewski K, Gambin A, George-Abraham JK, Golla S, Boidein F, Duban-Bedu B, Delobel B, Andrieux J, Becker K, Holinski-Feder E, Cheung SW, Stankiewicz P. Molecular and clinical analyses of 16q24.1 duplications involving FOXF1 identify an evolutionarily unstable large minisatellite. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2014; 15:128. [PMID: 25472632 PMCID: PMC4411736 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-014-0128-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Point mutations or genomic deletions of FOXF1 result in a lethal developmental lung disease Alveolar Capillary Dysplasia with Misalignment of Pulmonary Veins. However, the clinical consequences of the constitutively increased dosage of FOXF1 are unknown. Methods Copy-number variations and their parental origin were identified using a combination of array CGH, long-range PCR, DNA sequencing, and microsatellite analyses. Minisatellite sequences across different species were compared using a gready clustering algorithm and genome-wide analysis of the distribution of minisatellite sequences was performed using R statistical software. Results We report four unrelated families with 16q24.1 duplications encompassing entire FOXF1. In a 4-year-old boy with speech delay and a café-au-lait macule, we identified an ~15 kb 16q24.1 duplication inherited from the reportedly healthy father, in addition to a de novo ~1.09 Mb mosaic 17q11.2 NF1 deletion. In a 13-year-old patient with autism and mood disorder, we found an ~0.3 Mb duplication harboring FOXF1 and an ~0.5 Mb 16q23.3 duplication, both inherited from the father with bipolar disorder. In a 47-year old patient with pyloric stenosis, mesenterium commune, and aplasia of the appendix, we identified an ~0.4 Mb duplication in 16q24.1 encompassing 16 genes including FOXF1. The patient transmitted the duplication to her daughter, who presented with similar symptoms. In a fourth patient with speech and motor delay, and borderline intellectual disability, we identified an ~1.7 Mb FOXF1 duplication adjacent to a large minisatellite. This duplication has a complex structure and arose de novo on the maternal chromosome, likely as a result of a DNA replication error initiated by the adjacent large tandem repeat. Using bioinformatic and array CGH analyses of the minisatellite, we found a large variation of its size in several different species and individuals, demonstrating both its evolutionarily instability and population polymorphism. Conclusions Our data indicate that constitutional duplication of FOXF1 in humans is not associated with any pediatric lung abnormalities. We propose that patients with gut malrotation, pyloric or duodenal stenosis, and gall bladder agenesis should be tested for FOXF1 alterations. We suggest that instability of minisatellites greater than 1 kb can lead to structural variation due to DNA replication errors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12881-014-0128-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash V Dharmadhikari
- Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology & Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Tomasz Gambin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Przemyslaw Szafranski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Wenjian Cao
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Frank J Probst
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Weihong Jin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Ping Fang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | | | - Anna Gambin
- Institute of Informatics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. .,Mossakowski Medical Research Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | - Sailaja Golla
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Francoise Boidein
- Neuropediatrics Service, Saint Vincent de Paul Catholic Hospitals Association of Lille, Free Faculty of Medicine, Lille, France.
| | - Benedicte Duban-Bedu
- Cytogenetics Service, Saint Vincent de Paul Catholic Hospitals Association of Lille, Free Faculty of Medicine, Lille, France.
| | - Bruno Delobel
- Cytogenetics Service, Saint Vincent de Paul Catholic Hospitals Association of Lille, Free Faculty of Medicine, Lille, France.
| | - Joris Andrieux
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, University Hospital, Lille, France.
| | | | | | - Sau Wai Cheung
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Pawel Stankiewicz
- Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology & Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Palka Bayard de Volo C, Alfonsi M, Gatta V, Novelli A, Bernardini L, Fantasia D, Antonucci I, Angelucci D, Zori R, Stuppia L, Chiarelli F, Calabrese G. 16q22.1 microdeletion detected by array-CGH in a family with mental retardation and lobular breast cancer. Gene 2012; 498:328-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Meiosis errors in over 20,000 oocytes studied in the practice of preimplantation aneuploidy testing. Reprod Biomed Online 2011; 22:2-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2010.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Revised: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rieubland C, Francis D, Houben L, Corrie S, Bankier A, White SM. Two cases of trisomy 16 mosaicism ascertained postnatally. Am J Med Genet A 2009; 149A:1523-8. [PMID: 19533780 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Postnatally ascertained trisomy 16 mosaicism is a rare diagnosis, with only three reported cases to date with no defined clinical phenotype. Trisomy 16 mosaicism diagnosed prenatally is common and associated with variable pregnancy outcomes ranging from stillbirth with multiple congenital abnormalities to an apparently normal newborn, making the genetic counseling very challenging. It is not clear whether uniparental disomy (UPD) 16 contributes to the phenotype, although it has been suggested that maternal UPD 16 affects the rate of intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR) and congenital anomalies. We report on two further cases of trisomy 16 mosaicism confined to fibroblasts diagnosed postnatally. Patient 1 presented at birth with severe hypospadias, unilateral postaxial polydactyly, and different hair color with midline demarcation. His growth and development were normal at 11 months of age. Patient 2 was born with IUGR, significant craniofacial and body asymmetry, asymmetric skin hyperpigmentation, unilateral hearing loss, scoliosis, VSD, unexplained dilated cardiomyopathy, feeding difficulties, failure to thrive, and recurrent respiratory tract infections. She died at 7 months of age from respiratory failure. These two further cases of postnatally diagnosed trisomy 16 mosaicism highlight the variability of clinical features and outcome in this diagnosis. While Patient 2 presented with typical features of chromosomal mosaicism, Patient 1 had mild and transient features with essentially normal outcome, suggesting that trisomy 16 mosaicism may be under-diagnosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Rieubland
- Genetic Health Services Victoria, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
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23
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Crespi B. Genomic imprinting in the development and evolution of psychotic spectrum conditions. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2008; 83:441-93. [PMID: 18783362 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-185x.2008.00050.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
I review and evaluate genetic and genomic evidence salient to the hypothesis that the development and evolution of psychotic spectrum conditions have been mediated in part by alterations of imprinted genes expressed in the brain. Evidence from the genetics and genomics of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, Prader-Willi syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, and other neurogenetic conditions support the hypothesis that the etiologies of psychotic spectrum conditions commonly involve genetic and epigenetic imbalances in the effects of imprinted genes, with a bias towards increased relative effects from imprinted genes with maternal expression or other genes favouring maternal interests. By contrast, autistic spectrum conditions, including Kanner autism, Asperger syndrome, Rett syndrome, Turner syndrome, Angelman syndrome, and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, commonly engender increased relative effects from paternally expressed imprinted genes, or reduced effects from genes favouring maternal interests. Imprinted-gene effects on the etiologies of autistic and psychotic spectrum conditions parallel the diametric effects of imprinted genes in placental and foetal development, in that psychotic spectrum conditions tend to be associated with undergrowth and relatively-slow brain development, whereas some autistic spectrum conditions involve brain and body overgrowth, especially in foetal development and early childhood. An important role for imprinted genes in the etiologies of psychotic and autistic spectrum conditions is consistent with neurodevelopmental models of these disorders, and with predictions from the conflict theory of genomic imprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Crespi
- Department of Biosciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BCV5A1S6, Canada.
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Wolstenholme J, Emslie JB, Connors S. Association of Clinical Cytogeneticists chorion villus sampling database 1987-2000. Prenat Diagn 2006; 26:420-7. [PMID: 16532524 DOI: 10.1002/pd.1429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To produce a fully searchable Microsoft Access database of mosaic and non-mosaic cytogenetic abnormalities, detected during diagnostic chorionic villi sampling (CVS) to aid laboratories in predicting pregnancy outcome, in particular differentiating between cases of likely genuine fetal cytogenetic abnormalities and those likely to represent confined placental mosaicism (CPM). METHODS Retrospective collection of referral data, initial karyotype data, follow-up karyotype data and pregnancy outcome data from almost all cytogenetically abnormal diagnostic CVS, processed in UK National Health Service laboratories, between 1987 and 2000. Collection of similar data from a published series of CVS and individual case reports. RESULTS A fully searchable database of abnormal CVS cases, containing over 5000 entries, has been produced. This is available to download at http://www.ncl.ac.uk/cvs/. CONCLUSIONS Following detection of a cytogenetic abnormality during prenatal diagnosis using CVS, use of this database allows rapid access to comparable cases from the United Kingdom and the literature. This database will improve the speed of availability and quality of information available to clinicians and patients for pregnancy management and counselling purposes. The database has been designed with future data collection in mind, and can be developed for wider research use, through more detailed registries of individual chromosome abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wolstenholme
- Cytogenetic Laboratory, Northern Genetics Service, Institute of Human Genetics, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK.
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Engel E. A fascination with chromosome rescue in uniparental disomy: Mendelian recessive outlaws and imprinting copyrights infringements. Eur J Hum Genet 2006; 14:1158-69. [PMID: 16724013 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
With uniparental disomy (UPD), the presence in a diploid genome of a chromosome pair derived from one genitor carries two main types of developmental risk: the inheritance of a recessive trait or the occurrence of an imprinting disorder. When the uniparentally derived pair carries two homozygous sequences (isodisomy) with a duplicated mutant, this 'reduction to homozygosity' determines a recessive phenotype solely inherited from one heterozygote. Thus far, some 40 examples of such recessive trait transmission have been reported in the medical literature and, among the current 32 known types of UPDs, UPD of chromosomes 1, 2, and 7 have contributed to the larger contingent of these conditions. Being at variance with the traditional mode of transmission, they constitute a group of 'Mendelian outlaws'. Several imprinted chromosome domains and loci have been, for a large part, identified through different UPDs. Thus, disomies for paternal 6, maternal 7, paternal 11, paternal and maternal 14 and 15, maternal 20 (and paternal 20q) and possibly maternal 16 cause as many syndromes, as at the biological level the loss or duplication of monoparentally expressed allele sequences constitutes 'imprinting rights infringements'. The above pitfalls represent the price to pay when, instead of a Mendelian even segregation and independent assortment of the chromosomes, the fertilized product with a nondisjunctional meiotic error undergoes correction (for unknown or fortuitous reasons) through a mitotic adjustment as a means to restore euploidy, thereby resulting in UPD. Happily enough, UPDs leading to the healthy rescue from some chromosomal mishaps also exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Engel
- Department of Medical Genetics and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Neiswanger K, Hohler PM, Hively-Thomas LB, McPherson EW, Hogge WA, Surti U. Variable outcomes in mosaic trisomy 16: five case reports and literature analysis. Prenat Diagn 2006; 26:454-61. [PMID: 16557642 DOI: 10.1002/pd.1437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To report five cases of mosaic trisomy 16 with variable outcomes in the context of the literature on mosaic trisomy 16. Complications in these cases include preeclampsia, IUGR, fetal anomalies, and death, with no predictable pattern. METHODS Observation of five new cases and statistical analysis of 125 reported cases of mosaic trisomy 16 with prenatal detection and outcome data. RESULTS (1) IUGR, premature delivery, and/or physical anomalies are observed commonly, even when the trisomy is thought to be confined to the placenta; (2) Level II mosaicism for trisomy 16 in amniotic fluid may reflect a true mosaic state with phenotypic consequences; (3) FISH is more sensitive than traditional cytogenetics in detecting mosaicism in all tissue types examined; (4) hCG levels can be extremely elevated, and MS-AFP levels are often elevated; and (5) Uniparental disomy (UPD) increases the rates of IUGR and physical anomalies in CPM cases. CONCLUSION While there is no obvious mosaic trisomy 16 syndrome, IUGR and heart defects commonly occur, even if the mosaicism appears to be confined to the placenta. A completely normal outcome occurs only in about 20% of the cases; however, complications can often be limited to prematurity, small-for-gestational-age infants, and/or minor or surgically reparable birth defects.
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Langlois S, Yong PJ, Yong SL, Barrett I, Kalousek DK, Miny P, Exeler R, Morris K, Robinson WP. Postnatal follow-up of prenatally diagnosed trisomy 16 mosaicism. Prenat Diagn 2006; 26:548-58. [PMID: 16683298 DOI: 10.1002/pd.1457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the long-term outcome of pregnancies prenatally diagnosed with trisomy 16 and identify variables associated with the outcome. METHODS We reviewed all published and our unpublished data from trisomy 16 pregnancies for which outcomes were available for children of greater than 1 year of age. RESULTS Nineteen cases were diagnosed with trisomy 16 on chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and 17 cases at amniocentesis. Age at last follow-up ranges from 1 to 13 years. Among the CVS group, four out of five patients, with a birth weight and/or length below -2 SD and postnatal growth information, showed catch-up growth (80%). Among the amniotic fluid (AF) group, the birth weight was available in 13 cases. Eleven of the 13 cases had a birth weight less than -2 SD. In eight cases, the length was also below -2 SD (length data unavailable in one case). Nine out of ten cases (90%) and seven out of eight (87.5%) showed catch-up growth for weight and length, respectively. In terms of development, no cases of CVS mosaicism had global developmental delay. One child had a history of delay in speech development. Among the AF-detected cases, 4/17 cases had global developmental delay. All four children with global developmental delay had more than one major malformation compared to 6 out of 32 children in the group with normal development (p = 0.004). The finding of uniparental disomy (UPD) was not associated with developmental delay. CONCLUSIONS The majority of prenatally diagnosed trisomy 16 mosaic cases have a good postnatal outcome. However, the finding of mosaicism on AF and the presence of major congenital anomalies are associated with an increased risk of developmental delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Langlois
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Canada.
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Chen CP, Shih JC, Chern SR, Lee CC, Wang W. Prenatal diagnosis of mosaic trisomy 16 associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia and elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotrophin. Prenat Diagn 2004; 24:63-6. [PMID: 14755412 DOI: 10.1002/pd.796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To present the clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular findings of prenatally diagnosed mosaic trisomy 16. CASE A 30-year-old gravida 2, para 1 woman was referred for amniocentesis because of a positive maternal serum screen result with elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) and maternal serum free beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin (MSfreebeta-hCG). Cytogenetic analysis of amniotic fluid at 21 weeks' gestation revealed mosaicism for trisomy 16, 47,XX,+16[3]/46,XX[15]. Ultrasonography demonstrated right diaphragmatic hernia and agenesis of left umbilical artery. The pregnancy was terminated subsequently. The karyotype of the cord blood was 46,XX. Cytogenetic analyses of the multiple sampled tissue specimens showed a karyotype of 47,XX,+16 in the placenta and 47,XX,+16/46,XX with various levels of trisomy 16 in the umbilical cord and skin. Molecular studies showed that the trisomy 16 in the placenta was likely to have resulted from a maternal meiosis II nondisjunction error. Partial dosage increase of an extra maternal allele was noted in the skin and umbilical cord. CONCLUSION Fetuses with mosaic trisomy 16 may be associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia and elevated MSAFP and MShCG. Fetal blood sampling is of a limited value in confirming mosaic trisomy 16 ascertained through amniocentesis.
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MESH Headings
- Abortion, Induced
- Adult
- Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human/blood
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Female
- Genotype
- Hernia, Hiatal/complications
- Hernia, Hiatal/diagnosis
- Hernia, Hiatal/embryology
- Humans
- Male
- Pedigree
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Trimester, Second
- Prenatal Diagnosis
- Trisomy/diagnosis
- Trisomy/genetics
- alpha-Fetoproteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Yong PJ, Barrett IJ, Kalousek DK, Robinson WP. Clinical aspects, prenatal diagnosis, and pathogenesis of trisomy 16 mosaicism. J Med Genet 2003; 40:175-82. [PMID: 12624135 PMCID: PMC1735382 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.40.3.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Analysis of data from cases of trisomy mosaicism can provide insight for genetic counselling after prenatal diagnosis and for the elucidation of the pathogenesis of trisomy during pregnancy. METHODS Statistical analysis was carried out on data from 162 cases of pregnancies with prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 16 mosaicism. RESULTS The majority of cases resulted in live birth (66%) with an average gestational age of 35.7 weeks and average birth weight of -1.93 standard deviations from the population mean. Among the live births 45% had at least one malformation, the most common being VSD, ASD, and hypospadias. The level of trisomy on direct CVS (cytotrophoblast) was associated with more severe intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and higher risk of malformation, while the level of trisomy on cultured CVS (chorionic villous stroma) was associated only with more severe IUGR. Similarly, the presence of trisomy on amniocentesis (amniotic fluid) was associated with both IUGR and malformation, while the presence of trisomy in the amniotic mesenchyme was associated only with IUGR. Surprisingly, the degree of trisomy in placental tissues appeared to be independent of the degree of trisomy in amniotic fluid and amniotic mesenchyme. The sex of the fetus was not associated with any outcome variables, although there was an excess of females (sex ratio = 0.45) that may be explained by selection against male mosaic trisomy 16 embryos before the time of CVS (approximately 9-12 weeks). CONCLUSION The levels of trisomy in different fetal-placental tissues are significant predictors of some measures of outcome in mosaic trisomy 16 pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Yong
- MD/PhD and Experimental Medicine Programs, University of British Columbia and the British Columbia Research Institute for Children's and Women's Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Robinson WP, McFadden DE, Barrett IJ, Kuchinka B, Peñaherrera MS, Bruyère H, Best RG, Pedreira DAL, Langlois S, Kalousek DK. Origin of amnion and implications for evaluation of the fetal genotype in cases of mosaicism. Prenat Diagn 2002; 22:1076-85. [PMID: 12454962 DOI: 10.1002/pd.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate presence of trisomy in amniotic epithelium (uncultured amnion) and mesenchyme (cultured amnion) from mosaic cases to understand the origins of these tissues and their relationship to pregnancy outcome. METHODS Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of microsatellite loci was used to determine the presence of trisomy (of meiotic origin only) in amnion samples from 33 placentas previously ascertained because of a prenatal diagnosis of trisomy mosaicism that was predominantly confined to the placental tissues. RESULTS In 16 (48%) of 33 cases, trisomy was confirmed to be present by molecular analysis of uncultured amnion. In contrast, cytogenetic analysis of cultured amnion showed trisomy in only 2 of 20 informative cases. The molecular detection of trisomy in amnion was strongly associated with poor pregnancy outcome (intrauterine growth restriction, fetal anomalies and/or intrauterine/neonatal death) even when analysis was limited to cases negative for the trisomy on amniotic fluid (N = 22, p = 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS We infer that amniotic mesenchyme (usually diploid) derives from early embryonic mesoderm of the primitive streak and not from the hypoblast as is commonly cited. Trisomy in amniotic epithelium suggests that high numbers of abnormal cells were present in the epiblast, and this correlates with poor outcome even when the subsequently derived fetus and amniotic mesenchyme appear to carry only diploid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy P Robinson
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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