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Dworschak GC, Crétolle C, Hilger A, Engels H, Korsch E, Reutter H, Ludwig M. Comprehensive review of the duplication 3q syndrome and report of a patient with Currarino syndrome and de novo duplication 3q26.32-q27.2. Clin Genet 2016; 91:661-671. [PMID: 27549440 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Partial duplications of the long arm of chromosome 3, dup(3q), are a rare but well-described condition, sharing features of Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Around two thirds of cases are derived from unbalanced translocations, whereas pure dup(3q) have rarely been reported. Here, we provide an extensive review of the literature on dup(3q). This search revealed several patients with caudal malformations and anomalies, suggesting that caudal malformations or anomalies represent an inherent phenotypic feature of dup(3q). In this context, we report a patient with a pure de novo duplication 3q26.32-q27.2. The patient had the clinical diagnosis of Currarino syndrome (CS) (characterized by the triad of sacral anomalies, anorectal malformations and a presacral mass) and additional features, frequently detected in patients with a dup(3q). Mutations within the MNX1 gene were found to be causative in CS but no MNX1 mutation could be detected in our patient. Our comprehensive search for candidate genes located in the critical region of the duplication 3q syndrome, 3q26.3-q27, revealed a so far neglected phenotypic overlap of dup(3q) and the Pierpont syndrome, associated with a mutation of the TBL1XR1 gene on 3q26.32.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Dworschak
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - C Crétolle
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,National Reference Centre for Rare Diseases on Anorectal Malformations and Rare Pelvic Anomalies, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - A Hilger
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - H Engels
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - E Korsch
- Clinic for Pediatric Diseases, Kliniken der Stadt Köln GmbH, Cologne, Germany
| | - H Reutter
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M Ludwig
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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2
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Russell KL, Ming JE, Patel K, Jukofsky L, Magnusson M, Krantz ID. Dominant paternal transmission of Cornelia de Lange syndrome: a new case and review of 25 previously reported familial recurrences. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2001; 104:267-76. [PMID: 11754058 PMCID: PMC4894663 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.10066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is an autosomal dominant multisystem disorder characterized by somatic and cognitive retardation, characteristic facial features, limb abnormalities, hearing loss, and other organ system involvement. The vast majority of cases (99%) are sporadic, with rare familial occurrences having been reported. Most individuals with CdLS do not reproduce as a result of the severity of the disorder. Maternal transmission has been well documented, as have several cases of multiple-affected children being born to apparently unaffected parents. Paternal transmission has rarely been reported. A case is reported here of a father with classic features of CdLS with a similarly affected daughter. A review of the reported familial cases of CdLS is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L. Russell
- Division of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey E. Ming
- Division of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ketan Patel
- Holly City Pediatrics, Millville, New Jersey
| | - Lori Jukofsky
- Division of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark Magnusson
- Division of Diagnostics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ian D. Krantz
- Division of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Correspondence to: Dr. Ian D. Krantz, 1002 ARC, Division of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th Street and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
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3
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Krajewska-Walasek M, Chrzanowska K, Tylki-Szymańska A, Białecka M. A further report of Brachmann-de Lange syndrome in two sibs with normal parents. Clin Genet 1995; 47:324-7. [PMID: 7554368 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1995.tb03974.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We report on a family in which a girl and a boy in the same sibship show variable manifestations of a less severe type of Brachmann-de Lange syndrome without significant prenatal growth deficiency and reduction deformities of the forearms. Both parents are healthy and phenotypically normal, and no other family members are affected. All the affected sibs except one described so far with normal parents presented the severe type of Brachmann-de Lange syndrome (now sometimes classified as type I: "classic" or "full" Brachmann-de Lange syndrome), with major upper limb anomalies, severe growth and mental retardation and, frequently, early death. We discuss the possible role of genomic imprinting in the etiology of this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Krajewska-Walasek
- Department of Genetics, Memorial Hospital - Child Health Centre, Warsaw, Poland
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4
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Abstract
Substantial advances have led to the evolution of voice as the newest subspecialty of otolaryngology. Nevertheless, little is known about the genetics of voice. Genetic research is needed to further elucidate the relationship between vocal tract structure (including ultrastructure) and function, mechanisms of voice dysfunction, and transmission of normal and abnormal voice characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Sataloff
- Department of Otolaryngology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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5
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Selicorni A, Lalatta F, Livini E, Briscioli V, Piguzzi T, Bagozzi DC, Mastroiacovo P, Zampino G, Gaeta G, Pugliese A. Variability of the Brachmann-de Lange syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1993; 47:977-82. [PMID: 8291540 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320470708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Brachmann-de Lange syndrome (BDLS) is a relatively common multiple congenital anomaly/mental retardation syndrome, whose cause is unknown. The clinical variability of this condition is well-known. Recently some reports suggested the possible existence of a mild BDLS phenotype. We report on 30 patients in whom a diagnosis of BDLS was made or strongly suspected in 12 different Italian hospitals. Based on clinical evaluation we divided them into two groups, classical and mild BDLS cases. We compare the clinical data of these patients and we discuss the problems which arise in trying to define clear criteria of distinction between these two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Selicorni
- Laboratorio di Citogenetica, Università di Milano, Italy
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6
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Saul RA, Rogers RC, Phelan MC, Stevenson RE. Brachmann-de Lange syndrome: diagnostic difficulties posed by the mild phenotype. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1993; 47:999-1002. [PMID: 8291544 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320470712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We describe 4 patients with facial changes of Brachmann-de Lange syndrome but without limb defects. Mental retardation ranged from moderate to severe and the degree of prenatal and postnatal growth deficiency was variable. These patients exemplify the diagnostic difficulties and counseling dilemmas posed by the mild Branchmann-de Lange phenotype. The relationship of the mild phenotype to the full syndrome will not be understood until the pathogenetic or causal factor(s) are delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Saul
- Greenwood Genetic Center, SC 29646
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7
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Lopez-Rangel E, Dill FJ, Hrynchak MA, Van Allen MI. Partial duplication of 3q (q25.1-->q26.1) without the Brachmann-de Lange phenotype. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1993; 47:1068-71. [PMID: 8291525 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320470727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Partial duplications of chromosome 3 have previously been reported to have phenotypic characteristics similar to Brachmann-de Lange syndrome (BDLS). We present the case of a 13-year-old girl with an apparent duplication in the 3q25.1-->q26.1 region but none of the manifestations commonly seen in BDLS. The chromosome 3 duplication was confirmed with a FISH painting probe of the involved region. These results suggest that the region critical for Brachmann-de Lange syndrome is not within the duplicated region of 3q25.1-->q26.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lopez-Rangel
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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8
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Feingold M, Lin AE. Familial Brachmann-de Lange syndrome: further evidence for autosomal dominant inheritance and review of the literature. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1993; 47:1064-7. [PMID: 8291524 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320470726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We report on a mother and daughter with the Brachmann-de Lange syndrome which supports the view that in some families this disorder is due to autosomal dominant inheritance. A review of the literature concerning autosomal and recessive inheritance of this syndrome is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Feingold
- Department of Genetics, Franciscan Children's Hospital, Brighton, MA 02135
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9
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Abstract
We describe the phenotype of a child having a recombinant chromosome 3 with a duplication 3q13.2----q25 derived from a paternal inv ins(3)(p25.3q25q13.2). A review of 27 reported cases of intrachromosomal insertions has revealed that for a carrier of intrachromosomal insertion the risk of a child with an unbalanced karyotype is 15%. This risk may be higher for particular insertions. The recombinant chromosome can have a duplication or a deletion of different segments depending on whether the insertion is direct or inverted, paracentric or pericentric, and whether there is meiotic crossing over in the inserted or the interstitial non-inserted segment. Several of the insertions have been difficult to interpret and some of them have been mistaken for paracentric inversions. Caution is therefore indicated in interpreting parental karyotypes of a child with a deletion or a duplication, particularly if it is interstitial. This is because, whereas a risk of recurrence of a child with an unbalanced karyotype is low in de novo cases and for carriers of paracentric inversions, it is high for carriers of insertions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Madan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Greenberg F, Robinson LK. Mild Brachmann-de Lange syndrome: changes of phenotype with age. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1989; 32:90-2. [PMID: 2705489 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320320119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a girl with mild manifestations of the Brachmann-de Lange syndrome (BDLS) with gradual change of the phenotype. Her findings support the hypothesis of variability of the phenotypic spectrum of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Greenberg
- Institute for Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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11
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Egelund EP. Congenital hearing loss in patients with Cornelia de Lange syndrome (a report of two cases). J Laryngol Otol 1987; 101:1276-9. [PMID: 3323381 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215100103652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Two children with a congenital Cornelia de Lange syndrome and a verified sensorineural hearing loss are presented. One could be tested by conventional audiometry, the other only with the help of the newer computerized electronic methods. A short review of some earlier reports on congenital hearing loss in this syndrome is made.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Egelund
- Department of Audiology, Roskilde County Hospital, Denmark
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12
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Fryns JP, Dereymaeker AM, Hoefnagels M, D'Hondt F, Mertens G, van den Berghe H. The Brachmann-de Lange syndrome in two siblings of normal parents. Clin Genet 1987; 31:413-5. [PMID: 3621646 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1987.tb02835.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this report we describe two male siblings with typical Brachmann-de Lange syndrome. Both presented a severe form of this MCA syndrome, and died at the age of 3 months and 3 weeks, respectively. Family history was completely negative, parents were normal, and prometaphase chromosome studies failed to reveal a chromosomal basis for this unique malformation syndrome.
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14
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Robinson LK, Wolfsberg E, Jones KL. Brachmann-de Lange syndrome: evidence for autosomal dominant inheritance. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1985; 22:109-15. [PMID: 4050846 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320220112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We have evaluated a family in whom a mildly affected mother and her two severely affected sons have manifestations of the Brachmann-de Lange syndrome suggesting that some cases of this disorder are inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. Documentation of the clinical phenotype in two generations of this family permits further delineation of the phenotypic spectrum of the disorder. The fact that most affected patients represent sporadic cases in otherwise normal families might represent the inability of severely affected individuals to reproduce.
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15
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Hawley PP, Jackson LG, Kurnit DM. Sixty-four patients with Brachmann-de Lange syndrome: a survey. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1985; 20:453-9. [PMID: 3993674 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320200306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We surveyed 64 individuals with the diagnosis of Brachmann-de Lange syndrome (BDLS) to determine the natural course and cause of the disorder. The 64 individuals were ascertained through membership in a national organization, the Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CDLS) Foundation, comprised of families who have a relative with BDLS. We surveyed 64 families by questionnaire and personally examined 24 of the 64. Our data suggest that lower birth weight correlates with a more severe phenotype, specifically including severe upper limb malformations and greater psychomotor retardation. The lower birth weight group showed a significant excess of females. The miscarriage rate was normal and there were no recurrences reported in the 64 families we surveyed. Major management problems included feeding problems and projectile vomiting, behavioral problems including frequent tantrums, hearing and dental difficulties, and recurrent respiratory tract infections. The oldest, teenaged subjects in our study entered puberty; although pregnancy has not been reported in the syndrome, it is likely that people with BDLS are fertile. Though most BDLS children reared at home survive through adolescence, a significant degree of psychomotor retardation and difficult medical management problems still occur.
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16
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Rosenberg MB, Hansen C, Breakefield XO. Molecular genetic approaches to neurologic and psychiatric diseases. Prog Neurobiol 1985; 24:95-140. [PMID: 3898226 DOI: 10.1016/0301-0082(85)90008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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17
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Wilson WG, Kennaugh JM, Kugler JP, Wyandt HE. Reciprocal translocation 14q;21q in a patient with the Brachmann-de Lange syndrome. J Med Genet 1983; 20:469-71. [PMID: 6655676 PMCID: PMC1049187 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.20.6.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A patient with the Brachmann-de Lange syndrome was found to have an apparently balanced de novo translocation 14q; 21q. The relationship between this uncommon translocation and the patient's phenotype is unclear. Although most patients with the Brachmann-de Lange syndrome have normal chromosomes, the possibility of aetiological heterogeneity, including some rare chromosomal abnormalities, cannot be dismissed.
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18
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Kardon NB, Pollack L, Davis J, Broekman A, Krauss M. De novo duplication of the 7q11 leads to q22 region. J Med Genet 1983; 20:471-3. [PMID: 6655677 PMCID: PMC1049188 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.20.6.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A patient with de novo partial trisomy for the 7q11 leads to 7q22 region as defined by methotrexate high resolution banding is described. he presented with delayed growth and development and characteristic physical features. These consisted of frontal bossing, prominent metopic suture, almond shaped eyes, enophthalmos, large, low set, posteriorly rotated ears, long philtrum, narrow upper lip, high arched palate, and a short neck. Specific genitourinary anomalies were noted.
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Preus M, Rex AP. Definition and diagnosis of the Brachmann-De Lange syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1983; 16:301-12. [PMID: 6650570 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320160303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We have classified patients referred for suspicion of the Brachmann-De Lange syndrome (BDLS) into two groups using techniques of numerical taxonomy. Patients with the syndrome share an array of abnormal characteristics, and those without it have different abnormal characteristics. A group of 30 characters that best distinguish the two groups of patients was used to construct a diagnostic index. The index score is expected to divide 99% of patients into those with and without the syndrome, leaving 1% in a "zone of doubt." All 46 patients used to construct the index and 16 new patients had scores in either the BDLS or non-BDLS range and none were in the zone of doubt. A previously published index using metacarpal-phalangeal measurements, although less discriminatory, confirmed our findings in 84% of 25 patients tested, the remainder having scores in the zone of doubt for that index.
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