1
|
Abstract
The nucleus is separated from the cytosol by the nuclear envelope, which is a double lipid bilayer composed of the outer nuclear membrane and the inner nuclear membrane. The intermediate filament proteins lamin A, lamin B, and lamin C form a network underlying the inner nuclear membrane. This proteinaceous network provides the nucleus with its strength, rigidity, and elasticity. Positioned within the inner nuclear membrane are more than 150 inner nuclear membrane proteins, many of which interact directly with lamins and require lamins for their inner nuclear membrane localization. Inner nuclear membrane proteins and the nuclear lamins define the nuclear lamina. These inner nuclear membrane proteins have tissue-specific expression and diverse functions including regulating cytoskeletal organization, nuclear architecture, cell cycle dynamics, and genomic organization. Loss or mutations in lamins and inner nuclear membrane proteins cause a wide spectrum of diseases. Here, I will review the functions of the well-studied nuclear lamina proteins and the diseases associated with loss or mutations in these proteins. © 2016 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 6:1655-1674, 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James M. Holaska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim JY, Kim SH, Ji HY, Choi SJ, Oh SY, Ki CS, Roh CR, Kim JH. A case of restrictive dermopathy with novel ZMPSTE24 gene mutation. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2012; 15:393-6. [PMID: 22746836 DOI: 10.2350/11-07-1059-cr.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Fetal restrictive dermopathy (RD) is a rare lethal condition and should be distinguished from other syndromes characterized by fetal akinesia deformation sequence. Fetal RD shows nonspecific ultrasonographic findings, including polyhydramnios, premature rupture of membrane, and fetal growth restriction. Recently, LMNA and ZMPSTE24 were identified as causative genes offering an opportunity for prenatal genetic diagnosis. We describe a premature newborn boy who presented with rigid skin and typical facial findings. The clinical and histologic diagnosis was confirmed as RD. Molecular genetic analysis revealed a compound heterozygous mutation of the ZMPSTE24 gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ahmad Z, Phadke SR, Arch E, Glass J, Agarwal AK, Garg A. Homozygous null mutations in ZMPSTE24 in restrictive dermopathy: evidence of genetic heterogeneity. Clin Genet 2010; 81:158-64. [PMID: 21108632 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2010.01580.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Restrictive dermopathy (RD) results in stillbirth or early neonatal death. RD is characterized by prematurity, intrauterine growth retardation, fixed facial expression, micrognathia, mouth in the 'o' position, rigid and tense skin with erosions and denudations and multiple joint contractures. Nearly all 25 previously reported neonates with RD had homozygous or compound heterozygous null mutations in the ZMPSTE24 gene. Here, we report three new cases of RD; all died within 3 weeks of birth. One of them had a previously reported homozygous c.1085dupT (p.Leu362PhefsX19) mutation, the second case had a novel homozygous c.1020G>A (p.Trp340X) null mutation in ZMPSTE24, but the third case, a stillborn with features of RD except for the presence of tapering rather than rounded, bulbous digits, harbored no disease-causing mutations in LMNA or ZMPSTE24. In the newborn with a novel ZMPSTE24 mutation, unique features included butterfly-shaped thoracic 5 vertebra and the bulbous appearance of the distal clavicles. Skin biopsies from both the stillborn fetus and the newborn with c.1020G>A ZMPSTE24 mutation showed absence of elastic fibers throughout the dermis. This report provides evidence of genetic heterogeneity among RD and concludes that there may be an additional locus for RD which remains to be identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Ahmad
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Feldman-Leidner N, Delaney K, Malikina M, Segarra P, Tiller GR, Singer T, Divon MY. Restrictive dermopathy: two- and three-dimensional sonographic features. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2008; 32:840-842. [PMID: 18844329 DOI: 10.1002/uog.6151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
|
5
|
Thill M, Nguyen TD, Wehnert M, Fischer D, Hausser I, Braun S, Jackisch C. Restrictive dermopathy: a rare laminopathy. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2008; 278:201-8. [PMID: 18470519 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-008-0676-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2007] [Accepted: 04/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restrictive dermopathy (RD) belongs to the laminopathies and mostly shows an autosomal recessive heredity pattern. This rare genetic disorder is lethal for the newborn in the neonatal period. Clinical and pathological findings are distinctive and allow for a specific diagnosis in most cases. Furthermore, polyhydramnios, decreased foetal movement, facial dysmorphisms and arthrogryposis are characteristic of RD. Respiratory insufficiency leads to an early neonatal death. METHODS We present the case of an affected infant and a review of the previously reported cases in the literature. RESULTS The infant showed thin, shiny skin with exfoliating desquamation, a small, round and open mouth, low-set ears, a small pinched nose, joint contractures at all four extremities and distinctive pulmonic atelectasis. It died 3 h and 20 min post-partum. Histologically, the skin showed the typical pattern of an RD with the epidermis covered by an exfoliated, hyperkeratotic horn layer, clearly hypoplastic hair follicles and a considerably reduced dermis thickness, although it had a massive subcutaneous adipose tissue. Electron microscopically, the diagnosis was confirmed. CONCLUSIONS It is important to know about this disease and to distinguish it from others like keratinization malfunctions such as ichtyosis, congenital, developmental and akinesia disturbance, etc., to know the prognosis for the affected newborn and to provide sufficient (genetic) counselling to the families. This disorder is caused by dominant mutations of the LMNA (primary laminopathy) or recessive mutations of the ZMPSTE24 (FACE1) (secondary laminopathy) genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Thill
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Klinikum Offenbach, Starkenburgring 66, 63069, Offenbach, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim YN, Jeong DH, Jeong SJ, Sung MS, Kang MS, Kim KT. Complete chorioamniotic membrane separation with fetal restrictive dermopathy in two consecutive pregnancies. Prenat Diagn 2007; 27:352-5. [PMID: 17286315 DOI: 10.1002/pd.1673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe an instance of complete chorion-amnion membrane separation with fetal restrictive dermopathy in two consecutive pregnancies. METHODS We performed prenatal ultrasounds in two consecutive pregnancies and evaluated gross and microscopic postnatal findings. RESULTS The first pregnancy ended at 32 weeks of gestation with spontaneous chorioamniotic membrane separation and preterm premature rupture of membranes. The mother delivered an abnormal male infant with generalized fixed joint contractures, rigid and shiny skin, skin laceration around the neck, a rounded and opened mouth, and palpebral conjunctival eversion. The subsequent pregnancy was also complicated by spontaneous complete chorioamniotic membrane separation, oligohydramnios, and fetal growth restriction at 26 + 3 weeks of gestation. A immaturely born second baby also carried multiple anomalies similar to those of the first. Both infants died shortly after birth. After microscopic examination of the skin, we diagnosed the infant as restrictive dermopathy. CONCLUSIONS Complete separation of the chorion-amnion membrane may be regarded as a serious prenatal condition. Restrictive dermopathy or skin disorders caused by defects in collagen or elastic tissue metabolism may be one of the many causes of chorion-amnion separation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Nam Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busanjin-gu, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lee SI, Hong CH, Cheong YH, Kang MS, Sin JB. A case of restrictive dermopathy. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2007. [DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2007.50.3.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Ik Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Chang Hee Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Yun Ha Cheong
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Mi Seon Kang
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jong Beom Sin
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lethal arthrogryposis with icthyosis: overlap with Neu-Laxova syndrome, restrictive dermopathy and harlequin fetus. Clin Dysmorphol 2004. [PMID: 15057131 DOI: 10.1097/00019605-200404000-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We describe a stillborn female with joint contractures, subcutaneous oedema, ectropion, a severely flattened nose, an 'O' shaped open mouth and extensive peeling of skin. The head circumference was normal. She was born at 33 weeks of gestation to consanguineous parents, who had one previous offspring affected with non-immune hydrops fetalis. Pathological, radiological and prenatal findings are reported. The features of the present case are compared with those of Neu-Laxova syndrome, restrictive dermopathy and harlequin fetus.
Collapse
|
9
|
Nijsten TEC, De Moor A, Colpaert CG, Robert K, Mahieu LM, Lambert J. Restrictive dermopathy: a case report and a critical review of all hypotheses of its origin. Pediatr Dermatol 2002; 19:67-72. [PMID: 11860576 DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1470.2002.00029.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Restrictive dermopathy (RD) is a rare, fatal, autosomal recessive genodermatosis in which tautness of a translucent thin skin is the major clinical observation. This causes an intrauterine fetal akinesia deformation sequence (FADS) resulting in polyhydramnios, reduced fetal movements at around 31 weeks gestation, dysmorphic facies, arthrogryposis, and early neonatal death because of respiratory insufficiency. The characteristic histologic abnormalities of the skin are located in a thin dermis, consisting of compactly arranged collagen fibers, scant elastic fibers, and poorly developed skin appendages. The epidermal rete ridges are flattened and the dermal-hypodermal border is remarkably straight. The etiology of these changes remains unclear. We tested several existing hypotheses and could not confirm them. These included fibroblast dysfunction, abnormal keratin composition, desmosomal changes, and increased proinflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-6]. We conclude that RD is a relatively easy clinical and pathologic diagnosis, but that the pathogenesis of the disease is not clarified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T E C Nijsten
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wesche WA, Cutlan RT, Khare V, Chesney T, Shanklin D. Restrictive dermopathy: report of a case and review of the literature. J Cutan Pathol 2001; 28:211-8. [PMID: 11426829 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0560.2001.028004211.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restrictive dermopathy is a rare autosomal recessive skin disorder that is fatal in the neonatal period. Clinical and pathologic findings are distinctive and allow for a specific diagnosis in most cases. METHODS We present a case of an affected infant and a review of the previously reported cases in the literature. RESULTS The infant had thick shiny skin with reduced compliance and multiple spontaneous linear splits. Additional findings included an abnormal facies with a distinctive small, round and open mouth, low set ears, small nose, widely spaced sutures, flexion contractures of the extremities, and poorly expanded lungs. The infant expired 65 h after birth. Histologic findings of the skin at autopsy included a relatively unremarkable epidermis, a flat dermal-epidermal junction (absent rete ridges), an overall thinned dermis with hypoplastic appendage structures, a dense fibrotic reticular dermis with collagen parallel to the epidermis, a sharp subcutaneous margin, and an abnormally thick layer of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Electron microscopic findings included dense dermal patches of collagen and fibroblasts with abundant endoplasmic reticulum and unusually small tonofilaments. Review of previously reported cases reveals strikingly consistent findings. CONCLUSIONS This rare condition illustrates that abnormal cutaneous development may produce fetal hypokinesia, leading to profound effects on intrauterine growth and development. The autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance and morphologic changes of the skin and skeletal system in this disorder suggest that a structural protein or enzyme defect, perhaps of collagen metabolism, may underlie the pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W A Wesche
- Pathology Group of the Midsouth, Inc., Memphis, Tennessee 38115, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Affiliation(s)
- J Graham
- Department of Dermatology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Restrictive dermopathy (RD) is a lethal autosomal recessive genodermatosis (MIM No. 275210) in which tautness of the skin causes fetal akinesia or hypokinesia deformation sequence (FADS). Polyhydramnios with reduced fetal movements is followed by premature delivery at around 31 weeks gestation. Manifestations include a tightly adherent, thin, translucent skin with prominent vessels, typical facial changes, generalized joint contractures, enlarged fontanelles, dysplasia of clavicles, respiratory insufficiency, and an enlarged placenta with short umbilical cord. Histologic abnormalities of the skin include thin dermis with paucity and hypoplasia of the appendages and abnormally arranged collagen bundles. Elastic fibers are nearly missing. The subcutaneous fat is slightly increased. These skin findings usually appear after 22 or 24 weeks of gestation, which is why prenatal diagnosis with skin biopsy may fail. This disease is easily differentiated from other congenital FADS, such as Pena-Shokeir syndrome, COFS syndrome, Parana hard-skin syndrome, etc. We report on an affected boy of consanguineous parents and 30 previous cases are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Mau
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Tuebingen, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Das-Kundu S, Klünemann HH, Mieth D, Spycher M, Stallmach T, Schinzel A. Case of the month: a newborn with tight skin and joint contractures. Eur J Pediatr 1996; 155:987-9. [PMID: 8911903 DOI: 10.1007/bf02282893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Das-Kundu
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lenz W, Meschede D. Historical note on restrictive dermopathy and report of two new cases. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1993; 47:1235-7. [PMID: 8291564 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320470824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
15
|
Abstract
Restrictive dermopathy is an inherited syndrome characterized clinically by severe growth retardation, abnormal skin, characteristic facies, and multiple congenital contractures. Distinctive radiologic features include deficient mineralization of the clavicles and the skull, overtubulation and frequent modeling defects of the long bones, and occasional abnormalities of the ribs and scapulae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M H Reed
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|