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Petit F, Longoni M, Wells J, Maser RS, Bogenschutz EL, Dysart MJ, Contreras HTM, Frénois F, Pober BR, Clark RD, Giampietro PF, Ropers HH, Hu H, Loscertales M, Wagner R, Ai X, Brand H, Jourdain AS, Delrue MA, Gilbert-Dussardier B, Devisme L, Keren B, McCulley DJ, Qiao L, Hernan R, Wynn J, Scott TM, Calame DG, Coban-Akdemir Z, Hernandez P, Hernandez-Garcia A, Yonath H, Lupski JR, Shen Y, Chung WK, Scott DA, Bult CJ, Donahoe PK, High FA. PLS3 missense variants affecting the actin-binding domains cause X-linked congenital diaphragmatic hernia and body-wall defects. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:1787-1803. [PMID: 37751738 PMCID: PMC10577083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a relatively common and genetically heterogeneous structural birth defect associated with high mortality and morbidity. We describe eight unrelated families with an X-linked condition characterized by diaphragm defects, variable anterior body-wall anomalies, and/or facial dysmorphism. Using linkage analysis and exome or genome sequencing, we found that missense variants in plastin 3 (PLS3), a gene encoding an actin bundling protein, co-segregate with disease in all families. Loss-of-function variants in PLS3 have been previously associated with X-linked osteoporosis (MIM: 300910), so we used in silico protein modeling and a mouse model to address these seemingly disparate clinical phenotypes. The missense variants in individuals with CDH are located within the actin-binding domains of the protein but are not predicted to affect protein structure, whereas the variants in individuals with osteoporosis are predicted to result in loss of function. A mouse knockin model of a variant identified in one of the CDH-affected families, c.1497G>C (p.Trp499Cys), shows partial perinatal lethality and recapitulates the key findings of the human phenotype, including diaphragm and abdominal-wall defects. Both the mouse model and one adult human male with a CDH-associated PLS3 variant were observed to have increased rather than decreased bone mineral density. Together, these clinical and functional data in humans and mice reveal that specific missense variants affecting the actin-binding domains of PLS3 might have a gain-of-function effect and cause a Mendelian congenital disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Petit
- Clinique de Génétique, CHU de Lille, Lille, France; EA7364 RADEME, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Mauro Longoni
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Matthew J Dysart
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hannah T M Contreras
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Barbara R Pober
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robin D Clark
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | | | - Hilger H Ropers
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hao Hu
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Loscertales
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard Wagner
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Xingbin Ai
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Harrison Brand
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Boris Keren
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital Pitié Salpétrière, CHU de Paris, Paris, France
| | - David J McCulley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lu Qiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca Hernan
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julia Wynn
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tiana M Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Daniel G Calame
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zeynep Coban-Akdemir
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patricia Hernandez
- IDDRC/TCC, Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Hagith Yonath
- Internal Medicine A and Genetics Institute, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daryl A Scott
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Patricia K Donahoe
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frances A High
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Park W, Chai HH, Lim D, Dang C, Lee J, Kim J, Jeong H, Lee T, Lee KC, Lee K. Case report: Investigation of genetic mutations in a case of schistosomus reflexus in a Holstein dairy cattle fetus in Korea. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1238544. [PMID: 37671278 PMCID: PMC10475524 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1238544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomus reflexus (SR) is one of the most common congenital anomalies found in cases of cattle dystocia; this disorder occurs mostly in cattle. Congenital anomalies such as SR are caused by various genetic and environmental factors, but no specific cause has been elucidated for SR. This study reports a case of SR in a Holstein dairy cattle fetus with congenital anomalies in Korea. Grossly, a distinct spine curvature was observed between the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, accompanied by a consequential malformation from the sacrum to the occipital bone. Furthermore, the thoracic and abdominal organs were exposed. In computed tomography (CT) images, mild and severe kyphoscoliosis was observed in T1~11 and L1~6, respectively. Additionally, vertebral dysplasia was observed in S1~5 and Cd 1~5. To pinpoint the causal genes and mutations, we leveraged a custom 50K Hanwoo SNP-Chip and the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (OMIA) database. As a result, we identified a nonsense mutation in apoptotic protease activating factor 1 (APAF1) within HH1 that was associated with a decrease in conception rate and an increase in abortion in Holstein dairy cattle. The genotype of the SR case was A/A, and most of the 1,142 normal Holstein dairy cattle tested as a control group had the genotype G/G. In addition, the A/A genotype did not exist in the control group. Based on the pathological, genetic, and radiological findings, the congenital abnormalities observed were diagnosed as SR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woncheoul Park
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Ha Chai
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Dajeong Lim
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Changgwon Dang
- Animal Genetics and Breeding Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaegu Lee
- Animal Genetics and Breeding Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongho Kim
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hogyun Jeong
- Veterinary Medicine College, Jeongbuk National University, Iksan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekwon Lee
- Veterinary Medicine College, Jeongbuk National University, Iksan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Chang Lee
- Veterinary Medicine College, Jeongbuk National University, Iksan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghyun Lee
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
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3
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Kocere A, Lalonde RL, Mosimann C, Burger A. Lateral thinking in syndromic congenital cardiovascular disease. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm049735. [PMID: 37125615 PMCID: PMC10184679 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Syndromic birth defects are rare diseases that can present with seemingly pleiotropic comorbidities. Prime examples are rare congenital heart and cardiovascular anomalies that can be accompanied by forelimb defects, kidney disorders and more. Whether such multi-organ defects share a developmental link remains a key question with relevance to the diagnosis, therapeutic intervention and long-term care of affected patients. The heart, endothelial and blood lineages develop together from the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM), which also harbors the progenitor cells for limb connective tissue, kidneys, mesothelia and smooth muscle. This developmental plasticity of the LPM, which founds on multi-lineage progenitor cells and shared transcription factor expression across different descendant lineages, has the potential to explain the seemingly disparate syndromic defects in rare congenital diseases. Combining patient genome-sequencing data with model organism studies has already provided a wealth of insights into complex LPM-associated birth defects, such as heart-hand syndromes. Here, we summarize developmental and known disease-causing mechanisms in early LPM patterning, address how defects in these processes drive multi-organ comorbidities, and outline how several cardiovascular and hematopoietic birth defects with complex comorbidities may be LPM-associated diseases. We also discuss strategies to integrate patient sequencing, data-aggregating resources and model organism studies to mechanistically decode congenital defects, including potentially LPM-associated orphan diseases. Eventually, linking complex congenital phenotypes to a common LPM origin provides a framework to discover developmental mechanisms and to anticipate comorbidities in congenital diseases affecting the cardiovascular system and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Kocere
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Molecular Life Science, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert L. Lalonde
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Christian Mosimann
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Alexa Burger
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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4
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Cowley JD, Maxwell HS. Theriogenology Question of the Month. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 260:1003-1005. [PMID: 35389878 DOI: 10.2460/javma.22.02.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Complete and Incomplete Pentalogy of Cantrell. CHILDREN-BASEL 2019; 6:children6100109. [PMID: 31590448 PMCID: PMC6826365 DOI: 10.3390/children6100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pentalogy of Cantrell (PC) is a malformation characterized by defects in the ventral abdominal wall, lower sternum, diaphragmatic pericardium, anterior diaphragm associated with omphalocele, thoraco-abdominal ectopia cordis, diaphragmatic hernia, and intracardiac abnormalities. PC is stratified as complete or incomplete and we present both the complete and incomplete forms.
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Taee N, Goodarzi MF, Safdari M, Bajelan A. Pentalogy of Cantrell in Full Term Neonate. AJP Rep 2019; 9:e144-e146. [PMID: 30972230 PMCID: PMC6456328 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1683936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pentalogy of Cantrell (PC) is an uncommon congenital disorder characterized by severe defects in the chest and abdomen, including abdominal visceral prolapsed via umbilical cord (omphalocele), defect in the lower part of the sternum, defect in the front of the diaphragm, defects in the anterior part of the pericardium, and the ectopiacordis. Here, we report a 2-hour-old girl, weighing 3,500 g, who was referred to Shahid Madani Hospital in Khorramabad due to the large omphalocele on her chest with pulsating mass above it. The baby was the first child of a 24-year-old mother who was born with an uncomplicated vaginal delivery. Very rare cases of PC are born as a term new-born.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadereh Taee
- Department of Pediatrics, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Safdari
- Medical Student, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Amir Bajelan
- Medical Student, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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7
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Aldeiri B, Roostalu U, Albertini A, Behnsen J, Wong J, Morabito A, Cossu G. Abrogation of TGF-beta signalling in TAGLN expressing cells recapitulates Pentalogy of Cantrell in the mouse. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3658. [PMID: 29483576 PMCID: PMC5826924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21948-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pentalogy of Cantrell (PC) is a rare multi-organ congenital anomaly that impedes ventral body wall closure and results in diaphragmatic hernia, intra- and pericardial defects. The underlying cellular and molecular changes that lead to these severe developmental defects have remained unknown largely due to the lack of representative animal models. Here we provide in depth characterization of a mouse model with conditional ablation of TGFβRII in Transgelin (Tagln) expressing cells. We show that Tagln is transiently expressed in a variety of cells that participate in the embryonic development and patterning of ventral structures. Genetic ablation of TGFβRII in these cells leads to ventral midline closure defect, diaphragmatic hernia, dilated cardiac outflow tract and aberrant cardiac septation, providing a reliable model to study the morphological changes leading to PC. We show that myogenisis in the diaphragm is independent of TGFβ and the diaphragmatic hernia arises from fibroblast-specific migration defect. In the dorsal body wall Tagln expression is initiated after the closure process, revealing a remarkable difference between ventral and dorsal body walls development. Our study demonstrates the use of micro-CT scanning to obtain a 3-dimensional high-resolution overview of embryonic anomalies and provides the first mechanistic insight into the development of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashar Aldeiri
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. .,Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK.
| | - Urmas Roostalu
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alessandra Albertini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCSS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Julia Behnsen
- Henry Moseley X-Ray Imaging Facility, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jason Wong
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester University Hospitals, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Antonino Morabito
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Giulio Cossu
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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8
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Abstract
Background Pentalogy of Cantrell is a rare syndrome, first described by Cantrell and co-workers in 1958. The syndrome is characterized by the presence of five major congenital defects involving the diaphragm, abdominal wall, the diaphragmatic pericardium, lower sternum and various congenital intra-cardiac abnormalities. The syndrome has never been reported in Tanzania, although may have been reported from other African countries. Survival rate of the complete form of pentalogy of Cantrell is as low as 20%, but recent studies have reported normal growth achieved by 6 years of age where corrective surgeries were done; showing that surgical repair early in life is essential for survival. Case presentation The African baby residing in Tanzania was referred from a district hospital on the second day of life. She was noted to have a huge omphalocele and ectopia cordis covered by a thin membrane, with bowels visible through the membrane and the cardiac impulse visible just below the epigastrium. Despite the physical anomaly, she appeared to saturate well in room air and had stable vitals. Her chest X-ray revealed the absence of the lower segments of the sternum and echocardiography showed multiple intra-cardiac defects. Based on these findings, the diagnosis of pentalogy of Cantrell was reached. On her fifth day of life, the neonate was noted to have signs of cardiac failure characterized by easy fatigability and restlessness during feeding. Cardiac failure treatment was initiated and she was discharged on parents’ request on the second week of life. Due to inadequate facilities to undertake this complex corrective surgery, arrangements were being made to refer her abroad. In the meantime, her growth and development was satisfactory until the age of 9 months, when she ran out of the medications and succumbed to death. Her parents could no longer afford transport cost to attend the monthly clinic visits, where the infant was getting free medication refill. Conclusions The case reported here highlights that in resource limited settings; poor outcome in infants with complex congenital anomalies is a function of multiple factors. However, we believe that surgery would have averted mortality in this 9-month-old female infant. We hope to be able to manage these cases better in future following the recent establishment of cardiac surgery facilities at Muhimbili National Hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga Naburi
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Evelyne Assenga
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Sonal Patel
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Augustine Massawe
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Karim Manji
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
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Shin JH, Jeon GW, Sin JB. Left-Sided Gastroschisis: A Rare Congenital Abdominal Wall Defect. NEONATAL MEDICINE 2015. [DOI: 10.5385/nm.2015.22.3.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Ho Shin
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ga Won Jeon
- Department of Pediatrics, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jong Beom Sin
- Department of Pediatrics, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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10
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Abstract
Pentalogy of Cantrell is a rare congenital malformation whose exact cause is not completely understood; it is characterized by defects in the anterior abdominal and thoracic walls consisting of omphalocoele, diaphragmatic defect, ectopia cordis, intracardiac defects and sternal clefts. The complex has variable clinical expression with complete and incomplete expressions reported. We, therefore, report a case of complete manifestation of the pentad in a 9-month-old boy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Aliyu
- Department of Paediatrics, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital/Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
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11
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Schistosoma reflexum in a cat: Insights into aetiopathogenesis. J Feline Med Surg 2008; 10:376-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2007.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A foetal cat exhibiting multiple congenital malformations and meeting the criteria for being considered as a case of true schistosoma reflexum (SR) is described. SR in animals is briefly compared with relatively similar malformation entities in humans. Murine gene mutations producing severe ventral body wall defects associated with anomalies of internal organs and other structures are briefly reviewed. New insights into aetiopathogenic mechanisms possibly implicated in the development of SR are suggested. This is probably the first case of true SR reported in the cat.
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12
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Chen CP. Syndromes and Disorders Associated with Omphalocele (II): OEIS Complex and Pentalogy Of Cantrell. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2007; 46:103-10. [PMID: 17638617 DOI: 10.1016/s1028-4559(07)60003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Omphalocele-exstrophy-imperforate anus-spinal defects (OEIS) complex is characterized by a combination of omphalocele, exstrophy of the bladder, an imperforate anus, and spinal defects. Pentalogy of Cantrell is characterized by a combination of a midline supraumbilical abdominal wall defect, a defect of the lower sternum, a defect of the diaphragmatic pericardium, a deficiency of the anterior diaphragm, and congenital cardiac anomalies. This article provides a comprehensive review of OEIS complex and pentalogy of Cantrell, including the pathogenesis, prenatal diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and associated malformations. Omphalocele is an important sonographic marker for OEIS complex and pentalogy of Cantrell. Prenatal detection of an abdominal wall defect associated with multiple midline defects should alert one to the possibility of OEIS complex and pentalogy of Cantrell and prompt the genetic investigation and counseling of the disorders.
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MESH Headings
- Abdominal Wall/abnormalities
- Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnosis
- Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics
- Anus, Imperforate/diagnosis
- Anus, Imperforate/genetics
- Bladder Exstrophy/diagnosis
- Bladder Exstrophy/genetics
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Female
- Heart Defects, Congenital/diagnosis
- Heart Defects, Congenital/genetics
- Hernia, Diaphragmatic/diagnosis
- Hernia, Diaphragmatic/genetics
- Hernia, Umbilical/etiology
- Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital
- Humans
- Pregnancy
- Prenatal Diagnosis
- Spinal Dysraphism/diagnosis
- Spinal Dysraphism/genetics
- Sternum/abnormalities
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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13
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Chen CP, Hsu CY, Tzen CY, Chern SR, Wang W. Prenatal diagnosis of pentalogy of Cantrell associated with hypoplasia of the right upper limb and ectrodactyly. Prenat Diagn 2006; 27:86-7. [PMID: 17154221 DOI: 10.1002/pd.1610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Laughton KW, Fisher KRS, Halina WG, Partlow GD. Schistosomus Reflexus Syndrome: A Heritable Defect in Ruminants. Anat Histol Embryol 2005; 34:312-8. [PMID: 16159373 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2005.00624.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomus reflexus (SR) is a rare and fatal congenital disorder. Primarily observed in ruminants, its defining features include spinal inversion, exposure of the abdominal viscera because of a fissure of the ventral abdominal wall, limb ankylosis, positioning of the limbs adjacent to the skull and, lung and diaphragm hypoplasia. Variable components of SR include scoliosis, cleft sternum, exposure of thoracic viscera, and abnormalities of the digestive and urogenital systems. This report presents the findings from an anatomical analysis of a female Holstein SR calf with thoracoschisis, scoliosis and anomalies of the appendicular skeleton, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive and urogenital systems. Many of these malformations have not been previously reported. The reproductive tract of this case is particularly unique, displaying Muellerian duct abnormalities. These abnormalities suggest SR occurs as early as the post-gastrulation embryo and involves the intermediate mesoderm. Preliminary analysis of associated cases suggests that SR has a genetic aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Laughton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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15
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Brewer S, Williams T. Finally, a sense of closure? Animal models of human ventral body wall defects. Bioessays 2005; 26:1307-21. [PMID: 15551266 DOI: 10.1002/bies.20137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Malformations concerning the ventral body wall constitute one of the leading categories of human birth defects and are present in about one out of every 2000 live births. Although the occurrence of these defects is relatively common, few detailed experimental studies exist on the development and closure of the ventral body wall in mouse and human. This field is further complicated by the array of theories on the pathogenesis of body wall defects and the likelihood that there is no single cause for these abnormalities. In this review, we summarize what is known concerning the mechanisms of normal ventral body wall closure in humans and mice. We then outline the theories that have been proposed concerning human body wall closure abnormalities and examine the growing number of mouse mutations that impact normal ventral body wall closure. Finally, we speculate how studies in animal models such as mouse and Drosophila are beginning to provide a much-needed mechanistic framework with which to identify and characterize the genes and tissues required for this vital aspect of human embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Brewer
- Department of Craniofacial Biology and Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Denver, CO 80045, USA
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Brewer S, Williams T. Loss of AP-2alpha impacts multiple aspects of ventral body wall development and closure. Dev Biol 2004; 267:399-417. [PMID: 15013802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2003.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2003] [Revised: 11/05/2003] [Accepted: 11/24/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Human birth defects involving the ventral body wall are common, yet little is known about the mechanism of body wall closure in mammals. The AP-2alpha transcription factor knock-out mouse provides an exceptional tool to understand this particular pathology, since it has one of the most severe ventral body wall closure defects, thoracoabdominoschisis. To gain insight into the complex morphological events responsible for body wall closure, we have studied this developmental process in AP-2alpha knock-out mice. Several tissues involved in normal ventral body wall closure are defective in the absence of AP-2alpha, including those associated with the primary body wall, the umbilical ring, and the mesoderm of the secondary body wall. These defects, coupled with the expression pattern of AP-2alpha, suggest that AP-2alpha is involved in multiple developmental mechanisms directing the morphogenesis of the ventral body wall, including cell migration, differentiation, and death. There is a failure of migration and fusion of the body folds at the umbilical ring, as well as in the formation and migration of the abdominal bands and ventral musculature. Furthermore, the mechanism of cell deposition at the umbilical ring is disturbed. Consequently, the mesodermal compartment of the body wall is underdeveloped. We also suggest that AP-2alpha is required for signaling from the surface ectoderm to the underlying mesoderm for proper development and closure of the ventral body wall. These findings provide a fundamental understanding of how AP-2alpha functions in the closure of the ventral body wall, as well as offer insight into related human birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Brewer
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Bittmann S, Ulus H, Springer A. Combined pentalogy of Cantrell with tetralogy of Fallot, gallbladder agenesis, and polysplenia: a case report. J Pediatr Surg 2004; 39:107-9. [PMID: 14694384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2003.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A male newborn with pentalogy of Cantrell, tetralogy of Fallot, agenesis of the gallbladder, and polysplenia died at 3 days of age. Polysplenia was not previously reported in this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bittmann
- Department of Children and Newborn Surgery, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Pivnick EK, Kaufman RA, Velagaleti GV, Gunther WM, Abramovici D. Infant with midline thoracoabdominal schisis and limb defects. TERATOLOGY 1998; 58:205-8. [PMID: 9839359 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9926(199811)58:5<205::aid-tera7>3.0.co;2-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An infant presented with multiple congenital anomalies including a midline thoracoabdominal defect, absence of the sternum, ectopia cordis, right diaphragmatic hernia, right anophthalmia, left microphthalmia, incomplete bilateral cleft lip, and various limb defects including ectrodactyly of the right hand and left foot, and phocomelia of the right lower extremity. The infant expired soon after birth. The radiological findings included absence of the sternum, 11 right-sided ribs, absence of the middle third of the right clavicle, opaque right hemithorax, hypoplastic right tibia, absent right fibula and foot, and ectrodactyly of the right hand and left foot. In addition, the autopsy revealed two distinct diaphragmatic defects, an anterior midline defect of the diaphragm beneath the ectopic heart, and a large Bochdalek hernia, with abdominal contents in the chest. Our case has overlapping features with conditions such as thoracoabdominal syndrome, pentalogy of Cantrell, and limb-body wall complex, but the concurrence of midline body wall defect and ectrodactyly has not been described previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Pivnick
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38163, USA
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Veugelers M, Vermeesch J, Watanabe K, Yamaguchi Y, Marynen P, David G. GPC4, the gene for human K-glypican, flanks GPC3 on xq26: deletion of the GPC3-GPC4 gene cluster in one family with Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome. Genomics 1998; 53:1-11. [PMID: 9787072 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1998.5465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The glypicans constitute a growing family of cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans that may play a role in the control of cell division and growth regulation. Recently, deletions and translocations involving GPC3 (the gene for glypican-3, localized on Xq26) have been identified in patients with Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS). This X-linked syndrome is characterized by pre- and postnatal overgrowth, visceral and skeletal abnormalities, and a high risk for the development of embryonal tumors, mostly Wilms tumor and neuroblastoma. In the present report we show that the gene for human K-glypican/glypican-4 (GPC4) also maps to Xq26, centromeric to GPC3. The glypican-4 protein is encoded by nine exons. Establishment of a BAC/PAC contig physically linking GPC4 and GPC3 indicates that these two genes are arranged in a tandem array, the 5' end of GPC4 flanking the 3' end of GPC3. Unlike the glypican-3 message, the glypican-4 message is nearly ubiquitous. Analysis of DNA samples from eight patients with diagnosis of SGBS identified one individual with a deletion that involves the entire GPC4 gene and the last two exons of GPC3. The tight clustering of GPC3 and GPC4, with deletions that occasionally affect both genes, may be relevant for explaining the variability of the SGBS phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Veugelers
- Center for Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
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Enns GM, Cox VA, Goldstein RB, Gibbs DL, Harrison MR, Golabi M. Congenital diaphragmatic defects and associated syndromes, malformations, and chromosome anomalies: A retrospective study of 60 patients and literature review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19980923)79:3<215::aid-ajmg13>3.0.co;2-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Parvari R, Carmi R, Weissenbach J, Pilia G, Mumm S, Weinstein Y. Refined genetic mapping of X-linked thoracoabdominal syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1996; 61:401-2. [PMID: 8834056 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19960202)61:4<401::aid-ajmg18>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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