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Sheth H, Trivedi S, Liehr T, Patel K, Jain D, Sheth J, Sheth F. Mosaic chromosome 18 anomaly delineated in a child with dysmorphism using a three-pronged cytogenetic techniques approach: a case report. BMC Med Genomics 2020; 13:141. [PMID: 32972420 PMCID: PMC7517678 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-00796-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A plethora of cases are reported in the literature with iso- and ring-chromosome 18. However, co-occurrence of these two abnormalities in an individual along with a third cell line and absence of numerical anomaly is extremely rare. Case presentation A 7-year-old female was referred for diagnosis due to gross facial dysmorphism and severe developmental delay. She presented with dysmorphic features, hypo/hyper pigmentation of the skin, intellectual disability and craniosynostosis. G-banding chromosome analysis suggested mos 46,XX,psu idic(18)(p11.2)[25]/46,XX,r(?18)[30]. Additional analysis by molecular karyotyping suggested pure partial deletion of 15 Mb on 18p (18p11.32p11.21). Lastly, multiple rearrangements and detection of a third cell line (ring chr18 and interstitial deletion) of chr18 was observed by multi-color banding. Conclusion The current study presents a novel case of chromosomal abnormalities pertaining to chromosome 18 across 3 cell lines, which were delineated with a combinatorial approach of diagnostic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Sheth
- FRIGE's Institute of Human Genetics, FRIGE House, Satellite, Ahmedabad, 380015, India
| | - Sunil Trivedi
- FRIGE's Institute of Human Genetics, FRIGE House, Satellite, Ahmedabad, 380015, India
| | - Thomas Liehr
- University Clinic Jena, Institute of Human Genetics, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Ketan Patel
- Himalaya Arcade A, Vastrapur, Ahmedabad, 380015, India
| | - Deepika Jain
- Shishu Child Development & Early Intervention Centre, 403, Addor Ambition, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380014, India
| | - Jayesh Sheth
- FRIGE's Institute of Human Genetics, FRIGE House, Satellite, Ahmedabad, 380015, India
| | - Frenny Sheth
- FRIGE's Institute of Human Genetics, FRIGE House, Satellite, Ahmedabad, 380015, India.
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Kovaleva NV, Cotter PD. Somatic/gonadal mosaicism for structural autosomal rearrangements: female predominance among carriers of gonadal mosaicism for unbalanced rearrangements. Mol Cytogenet 2016; 9:8. [PMID: 26823686 PMCID: PMC4730740 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-015-0211-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mosaicism for chromosomal structural rearrangements (Rea) is rare and the timing and mechanisms of mosaic Rea formation, maintenance, and clinical manifestation are poorly understood. To date, there are no published data on the cytogenetic profile of mosaic Reas. The question as to whether the proportion of abnormal cells in the carrier’s cultured blood is clinically significant remains unanswered. A previous study showed a strong female preponderance among carriers of mosaicism for Rea with pericentromeric breaks, indicating female-specific instability in early embryos. However, there is no corresponding study on male to female sex ratio (SR) among carriers of somatic and/or gonadal mosaicism for non-centromeric Rea. Population rates of mosaic Rea carriers calculated from consecutive series of patients referred for various reasons and from prenatal samples have not been established. Therefore the objectives of the present study were several-fold: (1) a study on profiles of Rea involved, (2) comparative analysis of the proportion of cells with unbalanced Rea in blood cultures from asymptomatic and affected carriers, (3) comparative analysis of SR in carriers of mosaicism for balanced and unbalanced Rea, and (4) determination of the population frequency of mosaicism for autosomal Rea. Results One hundred and three cases of mosaicism for autosomal non-centromeric Rea (N/Rea; normal line/structural rearrangement) in which the sex of the carrier had been specified were identified in the literature. Among balanced Rea, there was a prevalence of reciprocal translocations (89 %) over inversions (11 %). Among unbalanced Rea, deletions were the most frequent (40 %), followed by duplications (25 %) and rings (16 %). Derivatives and other chromosome abnormalities were less frequent (9 and 10 %). Eight of eleven (73 %) affected carriers of unbalanced Rea displayed a high proportion (>50 %) of abnormal cells compared to 4/37 (11 %) in asymptomatic carriers, p < 0.0001. Among carriers of mosaicism for balanced Rea there was a slight male predominance, 24 M/22 F, unlike the strong female predominance among carriers of mosaicism for unbalanced Rea, 11 M/46 F, p < 0.0001. Among ten carriers of unbalanced Rea with reproductive failure, only one was a male with infertility, and one was a partner of a woman experiencing recurrent spontaneous abortion. Population rates of mosaics for reciprocal translocaton (N/rcp), inversion (N/inv), and unbalanced Rea (N/unbal Rea) calculated from published data on consecutive series of patients with reproductive failures were 0.02 ‰, 0.005 ‰, and 0.002 ‰, correspondingly. Among 30,376 infertile patients three carriers of mosaicism for balanced Rea were identified (two cases of N/rcp and one case of N/inv), whereas among 26,384 patients with habitual abortion seven carriers were detected (five N/rcp and two N/inv). Among all 56,760 tested patients with reproductive failures only one was found to be a carrier of mosaicism for an unbalanced Rea (N/del, mosaicism for deletion). Conclusions A high proportion of Rea cells (>50 %) detected in cultured T-lymphocytes is associated with clinical manifestation of chromosomal imbalance. A strong female prevalence among carriers of mosaicism for unbalanced Rea suggests male-specific selection against abnormal cells rather than impairment of male gametogenesis, as the latter suggests a better prognosis for male fetuses. These findings should be taken into consideration when genetic counseling of patients referred after a diagnosis of mosaicism for an unbalanced rearrangement in a fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Kovaleva
- Department of Inherited Diseases, The Turner's Scientific and Research Orthopaedic Institute for Children, Parkovaya Str. 64-68, St. Petersburg, 196603 Russian Federation
| | - Philip D Cotter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA ; ResearchDx Inc., Irvine, CA 92618 USA
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Putoux A, Labalme A, André JM, Till M, Schluth-Bolard C, Berard J, Bertrand Y, Edery P, Putet G, Sanlaville D. Jacobsen and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndromes in a child with mosaicism for partial 11pter trisomy and partial 11qter monosomy. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:331-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Gereltzul E, Baba Y, Suda N, Shiga M, Inoue MS, Tsuji M, Shin I, Hirata Y, Ohyama K, Moriyama K. Case report of de novo dup(18p)/del(18q) and r(18) mosaicism. J Hum Genet 2008; 53:941-946. [PMID: 18679767 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-008-0326-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2007] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This is a report of a 27-year-old woman with an unusual de novo chromosomal abnormality. Mosaicism was identified in peripheral blood cells examined by standard G-bands by trypsin using Giemsa (GTG) analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis with chromosome-18 region-specific probes, 46,XX,del(18)(pter --> q21.33:)[41], 46,XX,r(18)(::p11.21 --> q21.33::)[8], and 46,XX,der(18)(pter --> q21.33::p11.21 --> pter)[1]. On the other hand, the karyotype of periodontal ligament fibroblasts was nonmosaic, 46,XX, der(18)(pter --> q21.33::p11.21 --> pter)[50]. All cell lines appeared to be missing a portion of 18q (q21.33 --> qter). The pattern of the dup(18p)/del(18q) in the rod configuration raises the possibility of an inversion in chromosome 18 in one of the parents. However, no chromosomal anomaly was detected in either parent. The most probable explanation is that de novo rod and ring configurations arose simultaneously from an intrachromosomal exchange. The unique phenotype of this patient, which included primary hypothyroidism and primary hypogonadism, is discussed in relation to her karyotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enkhtuvshin Gereltzul
- Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Baba
- Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.
| | - Naoto Suda
- Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Momotoshi Shiga
- Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Maristela Sayuri Inoue
- Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Michiko Tsuji
- Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Insik Shin
- Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Yukio Hirata
- Clinical and Molecular Endocrinology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimie Ohyama
- Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Keiji Moriyama
- Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
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Souraty N, Sanlaville D, Chédid R, Le Lorc'h M, Maurin ML, Ghanem L, Maalouf S, Vekemans M, Mégarbané A. Cytogenetic investigation of a child with a mosaic isochromosome 18q and ring 18q. Eur J Med Genet 2007; 50:379-85. [PMID: 17716964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2007.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2007] [Accepted: 06/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We report on a baby girl from non-consanguineous Palestinian parents with intrauterine growth retardation, low birth weight, and developmental delay. She had a short stature, microcephaly, a prominent metopic suture, a glabellar haemangioma, exophthalmos, hypertelorism, upslanting palpebral fissures, horizontal nystagmus, flat nose, cleft lip and palate, a short neck, widely spaced nipples, umbilical hernia, flexion deformity of the wrist, ulnar deviation of fingers, and right club foot. Cortical atrophy, enlarged ventricles, a thin corpus callosum, thoracic hemivertebrae, and a ventricular septal defect were detected as well. High resolution chromosome analysis identified in 92% of cells an isochromosome 18 and in 8% of cells a ring 18. Molecular cytogenetic investigations confirmed that it was an i(18q) and a r(18q). The hypothesis to account for this anomaly and its corresponding phenotype are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noëlle Souraty
- Unité de Génétique Médicale, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cytogénétique, Faculté de Médecine, Université Saint-Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon
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Carreira IM, Mascarenhas A, Matoso E, Couceiro AB, Ramos L, Dufke A, Mazauric M, Stressig R, Kosyakova N, Melo JB, Liehr T. Three unusual but cytogenetically similar cases with up to five different cell lines involving structural and numerical abnormalities of chromosome 18. J Histochem Cytochem 2007; 55:1123-8. [PMID: 17595336 PMCID: PMC3957532 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.7a7244.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We report two prenatal and two postnatal diagnosed cases (the latter monozygotic twins) with ring chromosomes after GTG banding. All four, de novo r(18), cases turned out to be more complex after application of high-resolution molecular cytogenetics techniques such as use of fluorescence in situ hybridization, centromeric probes, multicolor banding, and locus-specific probes for chromosome 18. All four cases are mosaics involving chromosome 18 in up to five different cell lines, including 46,r(18); 46,dr(18); 47,r(18)x2; 46,mar(18); and 45,-18. Mosaicism sharing both numerical and structural anomalies is rare, but rings often appear as mosaics due to their mitotic instability. Overall, patients with ring chromosome 18 usually share clinical features of 18q- syndrome and, less frequently, those of 18p- syndrome. High-resolution molecular cytogenetics techniques were useful in the characterization of cases with dynamic mosaicism and in establishing the relationship between loss or gain of chromosomal material and the phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel M Carreira
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Centro de Neurociência e Biologia Celular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Robertson M, Curren J, Warwick L, Jammu V, Ellwood DA, Dahlstrom JE. A rare abnormal karyotype (45,X/47,XY + 18) associated with increased nuchal translucency thickness. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2006; 27:229-31. [PMID: 16302283 DOI: 10.1002/uog.2638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
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Rodriguez-Revenga L, Badenas C, Madrigal I, Sánchez A, Soler A, Carrió A, Milà M. 46,XY,18q+/46,XY,18q− mosaicism in a fragile X prenatal diagnosis. Prenat Diagn 2005; 25:448-50. [PMID: 15966059 DOI: 10.1002/pd.1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We describe a fetus with confined placental mosaicism for 46,XY,dup(18)(q21q23)/46,XY, del(18)(q21) in which finally the 18q- cell line formed the embryo. This prenatal diagnosis was performed on a pregnant woman carrying a premutation in the FMR1 gene. The purpose of the current study was to characterise the final fetus genotype and to discuss how this chromosomal abnormality was originated. METHODS Conventional cytogenetic analyses were performed from chorionic villi, amniocytes, and fetal blood samples in order to establish the fetal chromosome constitution. Molecular studies with microsatellite markers and CGH were carried out to this end. PCR and Southern blot were used to analyse the CGG-repeat region of the FMR1 gene. RESULTS An initial chorionic villi sample analysis showed a normal allele for the fragile X syndrome, but an abnormal 46,XY,dup(18)(q21q23) karyotype. Amniocentesis was subsequently performed, and a different 46,XY,del(18)(q21) cell line was detected. Re-examination of original chorionic villi sample evidenced a mosaicism for 46,XY,dup(18)(q21q23)/46,XY,del(18)(q21). Molecular findings allowed us to determine that the deletion expands at least 20 Mb and that it is paternally inherited. CONCLUSION Two different cell lines with structural abnormalities on chromosome 18 were formed as a consequence of an unequal sister chromatid exchange during the first post-zygotic division. This case reinforces the necessity of performing a karyotype in all prenatal diagnosis even when the indication is for a monogenic disease.
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Partial trisomy 18q11.2-->qter due to de novo unbalanced translocation of chromosomes 15 and 18 analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 47:393-8. [PMID: 15581838 DOI: 10.1016/j.anngen.2004.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2004] [Accepted: 03/25/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This report presents a case with partial trisomy 18q resulting from de novo unbalanced translocation of chromosomes 15 and 18 displaying the features of pure trisomy. This is the first reported case with partial trisomy 18q due to unbalanced translocation between chromosomes 15 and 18. Clinical findings of our case have been compared with the reported cases' had partial trisomy 18q and the importance to recognize the cases with chromosome abnormalities to give genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis for subsequent pregnancies has emphasized.
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