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De Rosa MA, Bernardi MT, Kleppe S, Walz K. Hearing Loss: Genetic Testing, Current Advances and the Situation in Latin America. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:178. [PMID: 38397168 PMCID: PMC10888486 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Congenital hearing loss is the most common birth defect, estimated to affect 2-3 in every 1000 births, with ~50-60% of those related to genetic causes. Technological advances enabled the identification of hundreds of genes related to hearing loss (HL), with important implications for patients, their families, and the community. Despite these advances, in Latin America, the population with hearing loss remains underdiagnosed, with most studies focusing on a single locus encompassing the GJB2/GJB6 genes. Here we discuss how current and emerging genetic knowledge has the potential to alter the approach to diagnosis and management of hearing loss, which is the current situation in Latin America, and the barriers that still need to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Agustina De Rosa
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN) CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina; (M.A.D.R.); (M.T.B.)
| | - Maria T. Bernardi
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN) CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina; (M.A.D.R.); (M.T.B.)
| | - Soledad Kleppe
- Department of Clinical Pediatrics, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1199ABB, Argentina;
| | - Katherina Walz
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN) CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina; (M.A.D.R.); (M.T.B.)
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, BRB-418 (M-860), Miami, FL 33136, USA
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2
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Usman M, Jüschke C, Song F, Kastrati D, Owczarek-Lipska M, Eilers J, Pauleikhoff L, Lange C, Neidhardt J. Skewed X-inactivation is associated with retinal dystrophy in female carriers of RPGR mutations. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201814. [PMID: 37541846 PMCID: PMC10403639 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive degeneration of rod and cone photoreceptors frequently is caused by mutations in the X-chromosomal gene Retinitis Pigmentosa GTPase Regulator (RPGR). Males hemizygous for a RPGR mutation often are affected by Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP), whereas female mutation carriers only occasionally present with severe RP phenotypes. The underlying pathomechanism leading to RP in female carriers is not well understood. Here, we analyzed a three-generation family in which two of three female carriers of a nonsense RPGR mutation presented with RP. Among two cell lines derived from the same female family members, differences were detected in RPGR transcript expression, in localization of RPGR along cilia, as well as in primary cilium length. Significantly, these differences correlated with alterations in X-chromosomal inactivation patterns found in the patient-derived cell lines from females. In summary, our data suggest that skewed X-chromosomal inactivation is an important factor that determines the disease manifestation of RP among female carriers of pathogenic sequence alterations in the RPGR gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman
- Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Jüschke
- Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Fei Song
- Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Kastrati
- Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Marta Owczarek-Lipska
- Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Junior Research Group, Genetics of Childhood Brain Malformations, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jannis Eilers
- Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Laurenz Pauleikhoff
- Eye Center, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Clemens Lange
- Eye Center, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Ophtha-Lab, Department of Ophthalmology at St. Franziskus Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| | - John Neidhardt
- Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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3
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Kang M, Kim JA, Song MH, Joo SY, Kim SJ, Jang SH, Lee H, Seong JK, Choi JY, Gee HY, Jung J. Novel Variant in CEP250 Causes Protein Mislocalization and Leads to Nonsyndromic Autosomal Recessive Type of Progressive Hearing Loss. Cells 2023; 12:2328. [PMID: 37759551 PMCID: PMC10528078 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic hearing loss is the most common hereditary sensorial disorder. Though more than 120 genes associated with deafness have been identified, unveiled causative genes and variants of diverse types of hearing loss remain. Herein, we identified a novel nonsense homozygous variant in CEP250 (c.3511C>T; p.Gln1171Ter) among the family members with progressive moderate sensorineural hearing loss in nonsyndromic autosomal recessive type but without retinal degeneration. CEP250 encodes C-Nap1 protein belonging to the CEP protein family, comprising 30 proteins that play roles in centrosome aggregation and cell cycle progression. The nonsense variant in CEP250 led to the early truncating protein of C-Nap1, which hindered centrosome localization; heterologous expression of CEP250 (c.3511C>T) in NIH3T3 cells within cilia expression condition revealed that the truncating C-Nap1 (p.Gln1171Ter) was not localized at the centrosome but was dispersed in the cytosol. In the murine adult cochlea, Cep250 was expressed in the inner and outer hair cells. Knockout mice of Cep250 showed significant hair cell degeneration and progressive hearing loss in auditory brainstem response. In conclusion, a nonsense variant in CEP250 results in a deficit of centrosome localization and hair cell degeneration in the cochlea, which is associated with the progression of hearing loss in humans and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjin Kang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (J.Y.C.)
- Institute for Lee Won Sang Yonsei Ear Science, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea (S.Y.J.)
| | - Jung Ah Kim
- Institute for Lee Won Sang Yonsei Ear Science, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea (S.Y.J.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Hyun Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Goyang 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Joo
- Institute for Lee Won Sang Yonsei Ear Science, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea (S.Y.J.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Kim
- Institute for Lee Won Sang Yonsei Ear Science, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea (S.Y.J.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Jang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (J.Y.C.)
- Institute for Lee Won Sang Yonsei Ear Science, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea (S.Y.J.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si 10408, Republic of Korea;
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jae Young Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (J.Y.C.)
- Institute for Lee Won Sang Yonsei Ear Science, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea (S.Y.J.)
| | - Heon Yung Gee
- Institute for Lee Won Sang Yonsei Ear Science, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea (S.Y.J.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsei Jung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (J.Y.C.)
- Institute for Lee Won Sang Yonsei Ear Science, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea (S.Y.J.)
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Crane R, Tebbe L, Mwoyosvi ML, Al-Ubaidi MR, Naash MI. Expression of the human usherin c.2299delG mutation leads to early-onset auditory loss and stereocilia disorganization. Commun Biol 2023; 6:933. [PMID: 37700068 PMCID: PMC10497539 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05296-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Usher syndrome (USH) is the leading cause of combined deafness and blindness, with USH2A being the most prevalent form. The mechanisms responsible for this debilitating sensory impairment remain unclear. This study focuses on characterizing the auditory phenotype in a mouse model expressing the c.2290delG mutation in usherin equivalent to human frameshift mutation c.2299delG. Previously we described how this model reproduces patient's retinal phenotypes. Here, we present the cochlear phenotype, showing that the mutant usherin, is expressed during early postnatal stages. The c.2290delG mutation results in a truncated protein that is mislocalized within the cell body of the hair cells. The knock-in model also exhibits congenital hearing loss that remains consistent throughout the animal's lifespan. Structurally, the stereocilia bundles, particularly in regions associated with functional hearing loss, are disorganized. Our findings shed light on the role of usherin in maintaining structural support, specifically in longer inner hair cell stereocilia, during development, which is crucial for proper bundle organization and hair cell function. Overall, we present a genetic mouse model with cochlear defects associated with the c.2290delG mutation, providing insights into the etiology of hearing loss and offering potential avenues for the development of effective therapeutic treatments for USH2A patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Crane
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Lars Tebbe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Maggie L Mwoyosvi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Muayyad R Al-Ubaidi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
| | - Muna I Naash
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
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5
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Häfliger IM, Spengeler M, Seefried FR, Drögemüller C. Four novel candidate causal variants for deficient homozygous haplotypes in Holstein cattle. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5435. [PMID: 35361830 PMCID: PMC8971413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09403-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mendelian variants can determine both insemination success and neonatal survival and thus influence fertility and rearing success of cattle. We present 24 deficient homozygous haplotype regions in the Holstein population of Switzerland and provide an overview of the previously identified haplotypes in the global Holstein breed. This study encompasses massive genotyping, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and phenotype association analyses. We performed haplotype screenings on almost 53 thousand genotyped animals including 114 k SNP data with two different approaches. We revealed significant haplotype associations to several survival, birth and fertility traits. Within haplotype regions, we mined WGS data of hundreds of bovine genomes for candidate causal variants, which were subsequently evaluated by using a custom genotyping array in several thousand breeding animals. With this approach, we confirmed the known deleterious SMC2:p.Phe1135Ser missense variant associated with Holstein haplotype (HH) 3. For two previously reported deficient homozygous haplotypes that show negative associations to female fertility traits, we propose candidate causative loss-of-function variants: the HH13-related KIR2DS1:p.Gln159* nonsense variant and the HH21-related NOTCH3:p.Cys44del deletion. In addition, we propose the RIOX1:p.Ala133_Glu142del deletion as well as the PCDH15:p.Leu867Val missense variant to explain the unexpected low number of homozygous haplotype carriers for HH25 and HH35, respectively. In conclusion, we demonstrate that with mining massive SNP data in combination with WGS data, we can map several haplotype regions and unravel novel recessive protein-changing variants segregating at frequencies of 1 to 5%. Our findings both confirm previously identified loci and expand the spectrum of undesired alleles impairing reproduction success in Holstein cattle, the world's most important dairy breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene M Häfliger
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, 3001, Bern, Switzerland.
| | | | | | - Cord Drögemüller
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
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6
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Shekerinov-Trpevska N, Dashtevska G, Ivanova M. Ocular aspects of Usher syndrome. SANAMED 2020. [DOI: 10.24125/sanamed.v15i1.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Usher Syndrome is a rare syndrome, which typical expressions are hearing loss, retinitis pigmentosa and in some cases impairment of balance and congenital cataract. It is inherited autosomal recessive. Nine genes whose mutations are associated with this condition have been isolated. It is diagnosed on the basis of clinical and genetic testing. The therapy is aimed at facilitating the functioning of these patients in the environment. Gene therapy is promising in treatment. The purpose of this paper is to focus attention on the specificity and multiplicity of the disease, which would be of educational significance to ophthalmologists and otorhinolaryngologists, through the use of the case report of Usher syndrome. Case report: We present the case of gene confirmed Usher syndrome with 85% hearing loss, retinitis pigmentosa and congenital cataract. Female at the age of 39, pregnant at 26 gestational week, second pregnancy. Genetic investigation by Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts (MANU) confirmed double heterozygosity for pathogenic changes c.13010C > T. p. (Thr4337Met) and c.13137delC; p. (Thr4380GinfsTer11) in the USH2A gene, a genotype that confirmed the diagnosis of autosomal recessive disease Usher syndrome type 2A (Usher syndrome 2A). Conclusion: Detailed anamnesis is always required in patients with retinitis pigmentosa, who are referred to an ophthalmologist for hearing and vice versa for patients with hearing loss that are examined by an otorhinolaryngologist. Early diagnosis is important in terms of quality of life, i.e. timely diagnosing and undertaking measures for genetic testing in the family, in order to inform them about the type of the disease and the earlier involvement in educational programs designed for these conditions.
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7
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Ng TK, Tang W, Cao Y, Chen S, Zheng Y, Xiao X, Chen H. Whole exome sequencing identifies novel USH2A mutations and confirms Usher syndrome 2 diagnosis in Chinese retinitis pigmentosa patients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5628. [PMID: 30948794 PMCID: PMC6449333 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42105-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a common phenotype in multiple inherited retinal dystrophies (IRD). Disease gene identification can assist the clinical diagnosis of IRD patients for better clinical management, treatment and counseling. In this study, we aimed to delineate and characterize the disease-causing mutations in Chinese familial and sporadic patients with initial diagnosis of RP. Four unrelated Chinese families and 118 sporadic RP patients were recruited for whole exome sequencing analysis. A total of 5 reported and 3 novel USH2A mutations were identified in four Chinese probands. The probands and their family members showed typical RP features and mild to severe hearing impairment, confirming the diagnosis of Usher syndrome 2 (USH). Moreover, 11 sporadic RP patients were identified to carry the compound heterozygous mutations in the USH2A gene, confirming the diagnosis of USH2. The patients carried the truncating mutations had a younger age of first visit than the patients carried only the missense mutations (p = 0.017). In summary, this study revealed 8 novel USH2A variants in Chinese familial and sporadic RP patients, assuring that whole exome sequencing analysis is an adequate strategy to facilitate the clinical diagnosis of USH from the sporadic RP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz Kin Ng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Wenyu Tang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingjie Cao
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaowan Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuqian Zheng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Xiao
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haoyu Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
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McDermott JH, Molina-Ramírez LP, Bruce IA, Mahaveer A, Turner M, Miele G, Body R, Mahood R, Ulph F, MacLeod R, Harvey K, Booth N, Demain LAM, Wilson P, Black GC, Morton CC, Newman WG. Diagnosing and Preventing Hearing Loss in the Genomic Age. Trends Hear 2019; 23:2331216519878983. [PMID: 31621509 PMCID: PMC6798159 DOI: 10.1177/2331216519878983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, significant technological advances have facilitated the identification of hundreds of genes associated with hearing loss. Variants in many of these genes result in severe congenital hearing loss with profound implications for the affected individual and their family. This review collates these advances, summarizing the current state of genomic knowledge in childhood hearing loss. We consider how current and emerging genetic technologies have the potential to alter our approach to the management and diagnosis of hearing loss. We review approaches being taken to ensure that these discoveries are used in clinical practice to detect genetic hearing loss as soon as possible to reduce unnecessary investigations, provide information about reproductive risks, and facilitate regular follow-up and early treatment. We also highlight how rapid sequencing technology has the potential to identify children susceptible to antibiotic-induced hearing loss and how this adverse reaction can be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H. McDermott
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine,
St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, UK
- Division of Evolution and Genomic
Sciences, School of Biological Sciences,
University
of Manchester, UK
| | - Leslie P Molina-Ramírez
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine,
St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, UK
- Division of Evolution and Genomic
Sciences, School of Biological Sciences,
University
of Manchester, UK
| | - Iain A Bruce
- Hearing Health Theme, Manchester NIHR
Biomedical Research Centre, UK
- Manchester Centre for Audiology and
Deafness, School of Health Sciences,
University
of Manchester, UK
- Division of Infection, Immunity and
Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences,
University
of Manchester, UK
- Royal Manchester Children's Hospital,
Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Ajit Mahaveer
- Newborn Intensive Care Unit, Manchester
University NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Mark Turner
- Newborn Intensive Care Unit, Liverpool
Women’s Hospital, UK
| | - Gino Miele
- Genedrive Diagnostics Ltd, Manchester,
UK
| | - Richard Body
- Emergency Department, Manchester
University NHS Foundation Trust, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences,
University
of Manchester, UK
| | - Rachel Mahood
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine,
St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, UK
- Division of Evolution and Genomic
Sciences, School of Biological Sciences,
University
of Manchester, UK
| | - Fiona Ulph
- Division of Psychology & Mental
Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health,
Manchester Academic Health Science Centre,
University
of Manchester, UK
| | - Rhona MacLeod
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine,
St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Karen Harvey
- Newborn Intensive Care Unit, Liverpool
Women’s Hospital, UK
| | - Nicola Booth
- Newborn Intensive Care Unit, Manchester
University NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Leigh A. M. Demain
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine,
St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, UK
- Division of Evolution and Genomic
Sciences, School of Biological Sciences,
University
of Manchester, UK
| | - Paul Wilson
- Alliance Manchester Business School,
University
of Manchester, UK
| | - Graeme C. Black
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine,
St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, UK
- Division of Evolution and Genomic
Sciences, School of Biological Sciences,
University
of Manchester, UK
| | - Cynthia C. Morton
- Hearing Health Theme, Manchester NIHR
Biomedical Research Centre, UK
- Manchester Centre for Audiology and
Deafness, School of Health Sciences,
University
of Manchester, UK
- Broad
Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA,
USA
- Harvard
Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and
Gynaecology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham &
Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William G Newman
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine,
St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, UK
- Division of Evolution and Genomic
Sciences, School of Biological Sciences,
University
of Manchester, UK
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9
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Kubota D, Gocho K, Kikuchi S, Akeo K, Miura M, Yamaki K, Takahashi H, Kameya S. CEP250 mutations associated with mild cone-rod dystrophy and sensorineural hearing loss in a Japanese family. Ophthalmic Genet 2018; 39:500-507. [PMID: 29718797 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2018.1466338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CEP250 encodes the C-Nap1 protein which belongs to the CEP family of proteins. C-Nap1 has been reported to be expressed in the photoreceptor cilia and is known to interact with other ciliary proteins. Mutations of CEP250 cause atypical Usher syndrome which is characterized by early-onset sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and a relatively mild retinitis pigmentosa. This study tested the hypothesis that the mild cone-rod dystrophy (CRD) and SNHL in a non-consanguineous Japanese family was caused by CEP250 mutations. METHODS Detailed ophthalmic and auditory examinations were performed on the proband and her family members. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was used on the DNA obtained from the proband. RESULTS Electrophysiological analysis revealed a mild CRD in two family members. Adaptive optics (AO) imaging showed reduced cone density around the fovea. Auditory examinations showed a slight SNHL in both patients. WES of the proband identified compound heterozygous variants c.361C>T, p.R121*, and c.562C>T, p.R188* in CEP250. The variants were found to co-segregate with the disease in five members of the family. CONCLUSIONS The variants of CEP250 are both null variants and according to American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) standards and guideline, these variants are classified into the very strong category (PVS1). The criteria for both alleles will be pathogenic. Our data indicate that mutations of CEP250 can cause mild CRD and SNHL in Japanese patients. Because the ophthalmological phenotypes were very mild, high-resolution retinal imaging analysis, such as AO, will be helpful in diagnosing CEP250-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Kubota
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital , Inzai , Japan
| | - Kiyoko Gocho
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital , Inzai , Japan
| | - Sachiko Kikuchi
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital , Inzai , Japan
| | - Keiichiro Akeo
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital , Inzai , Japan
| | - Masahiro Miura
- b Department of Ophthalmology , Tokyo Medical University, Ibaraki Medical Center , Ibaraki , Japan
| | - Kunihiko Yamaki
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital , Inzai , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takahashi
- c Department of Ophthalmology , Nippon Medical School , Bunkyo-ku , Japan
| | - Shuhei Kameya
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital , Inzai , Japan
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10
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Colombo L, Montesano G, Sala B, Patelli F, Maltese P, Abeshi A, Bertelli M, Rossetti L. Comparison of 5-year progression of retinitis pigmentosa involving the posterior pole among siblings by means of SD-OCT: a retrospective study. BMC Ophthalmol 2018; 18:153. [PMID: 29940899 PMCID: PMC6019320 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-018-0817-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study is to analyze and compare the progression of photoreceptor atrophy among siblings affected by retinitis pigmentosa by means of spectral SD-OCT. Methods Fifty three eyes of 27 patients belonging to 12 family clusters were analyzed. To assess the annual progression rate of photoreceptor atrophy, the ellipsoid zone (EZ) line was measured in OCT sections through the fovea. We used multivariate generalized mixed effects to model the rate of progression and its relation to the initial ellipsoid zone line width. Results During our 4.84 years (± 1.44) mean follow up time (range 3–7) 53 eyes were examined. The ellipsoid zone line width declined with a yearly average rate of 76.4 μm (4.16% / year) (p-value < 0.0001). Progression rates were poorly correlated within family clusters (p-value = 0.23) and showed statistical difference between affected siblings (p-value = 0.007). There was no correlation between inter-familiar progression rate and mode of inheritance (p-value = 0.98) as well as between age and ellipsoid zone line width among siblings (p-value = 0.91). Conclusion RP could be extremely heterogeneous even among siblings: an accurate and sensitive method to follow the progression of the disease is fundamental for future development of clinical trials and therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Colombo
- Department of Ophthalmology, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Via A. Di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Montesano
- Department of Ophthalmology, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Via A. Di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.,Optometry and Visual Science, School of Health Sciences, City University London, London, UK
| | - Barbara Sala
- Department of Ophthalmology, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Via A. Di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Patelli
- Department of Ophthalmology, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Via A. Di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Maltese
- MAGI Human Medical Genetics Institute, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Andi Abeshi
- MAGI Human Medical Genetics Institute, Rovereto, Italy
| | | | - Luca Rossetti
- Department of Ophthalmology, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Via A. Di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
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Daoudi C, Boutimzine N, Haouzi SE, Lezrek O, Tachfouti S, Lezrek M, Laghmari M, Daoudi R. [Usher syndrome: about a case]. Pan Afr Med J 2017; 27:217. [PMID: 28979619 PMCID: PMC5622840 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2017.27.217.5460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Le syndrome d'Usher est une maladie génétique comportant une double atteinte sensorielle (auditive et visuelle) appelée surdicécité. Nous rapportons l'observation d'un patient de 50 ans, issue d'un mariage consanguin présentant une surdité congénitale avec une fonction vestibulaire normale et une rétinopathie pigmentaire responsable d'une baisse bilatérale de l'acuité visuelle apparue vers l'âge de 16 ans. Cette association compose le type 2 du syndrome d'Usher, affection rare de transmission autosomique récessive. La chirurgie de la cataracte a permis une amélioration de l'acuité visuelle chez ce patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chama Daoudi
- Université Mohammed V Souissi, Service d'Ophtalmologie A de l'Hôpital des Spécialités, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Noureddine Boutimzine
- Université Mohammed V Souissi, Service d'Ophtalmologie A de l'Hôpital des Spécialités, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Samia El Haouzi
- Université Mohammed V Souissi, Service d'Ophtalmologie A de l'Hôpital des Spécialités, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Omar Lezrek
- Université Mohammed V Souissi, Service d'Ophtalmologie A de l'Hôpital des Spécialités, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Samira Tachfouti
- Université Mohammed V Souissi, Service d'Ophtalmologie A de l'Hôpital des Spécialités, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Mounir Lezrek
- Université Mohammed V Souissi, Service d'Ophtalmologie A de l'Hôpital des Spécialités, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Mina Laghmari
- Université Mohammed V Souissi, Service d'Ophtalmologie A de l'Hôpital des Spécialités, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Rajae Daoudi
- Université Mohammed V Souissi, Service d'Ophtalmologie A de l'Hôpital des Spécialités, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rabat, Maroc
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Namburi P, Ratnapriya R, Khateb S, Lazar CH, Kinarty Y, Obolensky A, Erdinest I, Marks-Ohana D, Pras E, Ben-Yosef T, Newman H, Gross M, Swaroop A, Banin E, Sharon D. Bi-allelic Truncating Mutations in CEP78, Encoding Centrosomal Protein 78, Cause Cone-Rod Degeneration with Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 99:777-784. [PMID: 27588452 PMCID: PMC5011076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are a diverse group of genetically and clinically heterogeneous retinal abnormalities. The present study was designed to identify genetic defects in individuals with an uncommon combination of autosomal recessive progressive cone-rod degeneration accompanied by sensorineural hearing loss (arCRD-SNHL). Homozygosity mapping followed by whole-exome sequencing (WES) and founder mutation screening revealed two truncating rare variants (c.893-1G>A and c.534delT) in CEP78, which encodes centrosomal protein 78, in six individuals of Jewish ancestry with CRD and SNHL. RT-PCR analysis of CEP78 in blood leukocytes of affected individuals revealed that the c.893-1G>A mutation causes exon 7 skipping leading to deletion of 65bp, predicted to result in a frameshift and therefore a truncated protein (p.Asp298Valfs(∗)17). RT-PCR analysis of 17 human tissues demonstrated ubiquitous expression of different CEP78 transcripts. RNA-seq analysis revealed three transcripts in the human retina and relatively higher expression in S-cone-like photoreceptors of Nrl-knockout retina compared to rods. Immunohistochemistry studies in the human retina showed intense labeling of cone inner segments compared to rods. CEP78 was reported previously to interact with c-nap1, encoded by CEP250 that we reported earlier to cause atypical Usher syndrome. We conclude that truncating mutations in CEP78 result in a phenotype involving both the visual and auditory systems but different from typical Usher syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanthi Namburi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Rinki Ratnapriya
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0610, USA
| | - Samer Khateb
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Csilla H Lazar
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0610, USA; Molecular Biology Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano Sciences, Babes-Bolyai-University, 400271, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Yael Kinarty
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel; Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Alexey Obolensky
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Inbar Erdinest
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Devorah Marks-Ohana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Eran Pras
- Department of Ophthalmology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, 70300, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Tamar Ben-Yosef
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3525433, Israel
| | - Hadas Newman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801, Israel; Department of Ophthalmology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, 64239, Israel
| | - Menachem Gross
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Anand Swaroop
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0610, USA
| | - Eyal Banin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.
| | - Dror Sharon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.
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13
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Genetic Testing for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Individuals: Genetic Counseling. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40142-016-0089-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Dammeyer J. Deafblindness and dual sensory loss research: Current status and future directions. World J Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 5:37-40. [DOI: 10.5319/wjo.v5.i2.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Deafblindness is more than the addition of hearing impairment plus vision impairment. The absence or impairment of both distance senses gives a condition which is more disabling than the sum of each. Deafblindness is rare among young people but becomes frequent at higher ages. Deafblindness can be either congenital or acquired. The heterogeneity of the population has been reported to be huge. Different levels of vision and hearing loss, different use of language modality, different kinds and severity of additional disabilities, and different medical aetiology are some of the variables splitting the group. Research in deafblindness is still in it is advent due to a number of limitations and a lack of current scientific interest. Some of the challenges in deafblindness research are: lack of consensus on the definition of deafblindness; rareness of the condition which makes it difficult to even gather just a small group to study; heterogeneity of the population; difficulties with using traditional functional assessment procedures; communication barriers; and the difficulties of interpretation of deafblind behavior. This editorial calls for more interest in deafblindness in general and for more international cooperation and innovative studies to overcome existing barriers: Cooperation on data collection to form big enough sample sizes; development of reliable and valid tests and assessment tools; development of new research methods and approaches.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Deafblindness or dual sensory loss is a rare condition among young people, but more frequent among older people. Deafblindness is a heterogeneous condition that varies with regard to time of onset and degree of vision and hearing impairment, as well as communication mode, medical aetiology, and number and severity of co-morbidity. METHOD We conducted a comprehensive review of public health issues related to deafblindness. RESULTS Deafblindness often lead to barriers in language and communication, access to information and social interaction, which can lead to a number of health-related difficulties. Some of the reported consequences are a higher risk of depression, cognitive decline, developmental disorder in children and psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS Deafblindness is associated with a number of health-related issues and more knowledge is needed about the impact of dual sensory loss to be able to offer the best support.
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Piatti G, De Santi MM, Brogi M, Castorina P, Ambrosetti U. Emerging ciliopathies: are respiratory cilia compromised in Usher syndrome? Am J Otolaryngol 2014; 35:340-6. [PMID: 24602455 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Usher syndrome is a ciliopathy involving photoreceptors and cochlear hair cells (sensory cilia): since sensory and motor ciliopathies can overlap, we analysed the respiratory cilia (motile) in 17 patients affected by Usher syndrome and 18 healthy control subject. PATIENTS AND METHODS We studied the mucociliary transport time with the saccharine test, ciliary motility and ultrastructure of respiratory cilia obtained by nasal brushing; we also recorded the classical respiratory function values by spirometry. RESULTS All enrolled subjects showed normal respiratory function values. The mean mucociliary transport time with saccharine was 22.33 ± 17.96 min, which is in the range of normal values. The mean ciliary beat frequency of all subjects was 8.81 ± 2.18 Hz, which is a value approaching the lower physiological limit. None of the classical ciliary alterations characterizing the "ciliary primary dyskinesia" was detected, although two patients showed alterations in number and arrangement of peripheral microtubules and one patient had abnormal ciliary roots. CONCLUSIONS Respiratory cilia in Usher patients don't seem to have evident ultrastructural alterations, as expected, but the fact that the ciliary motility appeared slightly reduced could emphasize that a rigid distinction between sensory and motor ciliopathies may not reflect what really occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Piatti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Italy.
| | - M M De Santi
- Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Siena, Italy
| | - M Brogi
- Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Siena, Italy
| | - P Castorina
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Italy
| | - U Ambrosetti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Italy
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17
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Athanasiou D, Aguilà M, Bevilacqua D, Novoselov SS, Parfitt DA, Cheetham ME. The cell stress machinery and retinal degeneration. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:2008-17. [PMID: 23684651 PMCID: PMC4471140 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Retinal degenerations are a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders characterised by progressive loss of vision due to neurodegeneration. The retina is a highly specialised tissue with a unique architecture and maintaining homeostasis in all the different retinal cell types is crucial for healthy vision. The retina can be exposed to a variety of environmental insults and stress, including light-induced damage, oxidative stress and inherited mutations that can lead to protein misfolding. Within retinal cells there are different mechanisms to cope with disturbances in proteostasis, such as the heat shock response, the unfolded protein response and autophagy. In this review, we discuss the multiple responses of the retina to different types of stress involved in retinal degenerations, such as retinitis pigmentosa, age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma. Understanding the mechanisms that maintain and re-establish proteostasis in the retina is important for developing new therapeutic approaches to fight blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica Aguilà
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Dalila Bevilacqua
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | | | - David A. Parfitt
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
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18
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Genetic analysis for two italian siblings with usher syndrome and schizophrenia. Case Rep Ophthalmol Med 2012; 2012:380863. [PMID: 23091761 PMCID: PMC3471407 DOI: 10.1155/2012/380863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Usher syndrome is a group of autosomal recessive genetic disorders characterized by deafness, retinitis pigmentosa, and sometimes vestibular areflexia. The relationship between Usher syndrome and mental disorders, most commonly a “schizophrenia-like” psychosis, is sometimes described in the literature. The etiology of psychiatric expression of Usher syndrome is still unclear. We reported a case of two natural siblings with congenital hypoacusis, retinitis pigmentosa, and psychiatric symptoms. Clinical features and genetic analysis were also reported. We analyzed possible causes to explain the high prevalence of psychiatric manifestations in Usher syndrome: genetic factors, brain damage, and “stress-related” hypothesis.
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Dammeyer J. Development and characteristics of children with Usher syndrome and CHARGE syndrome. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 76:1292-6. [PMID: 22721527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 05/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Individuals with Usher syndrome or CHARGE syndrome are faced with a number of difficulties concerning hearing, vision, balance, and language development. The aim of the study is to describe the developmental characteristics of children with Usher syndrome and CHARGE syndrome, respectively. METHOD Data about the developmental characteristics of 26 children with Usher syndrome and 17 children with CHARGE syndrome was obtained. Associations between deafblindness (dual sensory loss), motor development (age of walking), language abilities, and intellectual outcome of these children were explored for each group independently. RESULTS Both groups of children face a number of difficulties associated with vision, hearing, language, balance and intellectual outcome. Intellectual disability and/or language delay was found among 42% of the children with Usher syndrome and among 82% of the children with CHARGE syndrome. Intellectual disability was associated with language delay and age of walking for both groups. CONCLUSIONS Even though Usher and CHARGE are two different genetic syndromes, both groups are challenged with a number of similar developmental delays. Clinicians need to be aware of several developmental issues in order to offer adequate support to children with Usher or CHARGE syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Dammeyer
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Psychology, Denmark.
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Dammeyer J. Children with Usher syndrome: mental and behavioral disorders. Behav Brain Funct 2012; 8:16. [PMID: 22449032 PMCID: PMC3337277 DOI: 10.1186/1744-9081-8-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mental and behavioral disorders among adults with Usher syndrome have been discussed and reported in some case studies but no research has been reported on children with Usher syndrome. Methods This article investigates the prevalence and characteristics of mental and behavioral disorders among 26 children, 3-17 years of age, with Usher syndrome. Results Six of the 26 children were diagnosed with a mental or behavioral disorder (1 with schizophrenia and mild mental retardation, 1 with atypical autism and severe mental retardation, 1 with atypical autism and mild mental retardation, 1 with mild mental retardation, and 2 with conduct disorder). Another 3 children had had a mental or behavioral disorder previously in their childhood. Conclusion Even though vision impairment first manifests in late childhood, some children with Usher syndrome seem to develop mental and behavioral disorders during childhood. The aetiology and treatment of mental and behavioral disorders among children with Usher syndrome are discussed. Children with Usher syndrome and their parents may need clinical support during early childhood to prevent development of mental and behavioral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Dammeyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, København K, Denmark.
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21
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Phillips JB, Blanco-Sanchez B, Lentz JJ, Tallafuss A, Khanobdee K, Sampath S, Jacobs ZG, Han PF, Mishra M, Titus TA, Williams DS, Keats BJ, Washbourne P, Westerfield M. Harmonin (Ush1c) is required in zebrafish Müller glial cells for photoreceptor synaptic development and function. Dis Model Mech 2011; 4:786-800. [PMID: 21757509 PMCID: PMC3209648 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.006429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Usher syndrome is the most prevalent cause of hereditary deaf-blindness, characterized by congenital sensorineural hearing impairment and progressive photoreceptor degeneration beginning in childhood or adolescence. Diagnosis and management of this disease are complex, and the molecular changes underlying sensory cell impairment remain poorly understood. Here we characterize two zebrafish models for a severe form of Usher syndrome, Usher syndrome type 1C (USH1C): one model is a mutant with a newly identified ush1c nonsense mutation, and the other is a morpholino knockdown of ush1c. Both have defects in hearing, balance and visual function from the first week of life. Histological analyses reveal specific defects in sensory cell structure that are consistent with these behavioral phenotypes and could implicate Müller glia in the retinal pathology of Usher syndrome. This study shows that visual defects associated with loss of ush1c function in zebrafish can be detected from the onset of vision, and thus could be applicable to early diagnosis for USH1C patients.
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Hurle B, Marques-Bonet T, Antonacci F, Hughes I, Ryan JF, Eichler EE, Ornitz DM, Green ED. Lineage-specific evolution of the vertebrate Otopetrin gene family revealed by comparative genomic analyses. BMC Evol Biol 2011; 11:23. [PMID: 21261979 PMCID: PMC3038909 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-11-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations in the Otopetrin 1 gene (Otop1) in mice and fish produce an unusual bilateral vestibular pathology that involves the absence of otoconia without hearing impairment. The encoded protein, Otop1, is the only functionally characterized member of the Otopetrin Domain Protein (ODP) family; the extended sequence and structural preservation of ODP proteins in metazoans suggest a conserved functional role. Here, we use the tools of sequence- and cytogenetic-based comparative genomics to study the Otop1 and the Otop2-Otop3 genes and to establish their genomic context in 25 vertebrates. We extend our evolutionary study to include the gene mutated in Usher syndrome (USH) subtype 1G (Ush1g), both because of the head-to-tail clustering of Ush1g with Otop2 and because Otop1 and Ush1g mutations result in inner ear phenotypes. Results We established that OTOP1 is the boundary gene of an inversion polymorphism on human chromosome 4p16 that originated in the common human-chimpanzee lineage more than 6 million years ago. Other lineage-specific evolutionary events included a three-fold expansion of the Otop genes in Xenopus tropicalis and of Ush1g in teleostei fish. The tight physical linkage between Otop2 and Ush1g is conserved in all vertebrates. To further understand the functional organization of the Ushg1-Otop2 locus, we deduced a putative map of binding sites for CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF), a mammalian insulator transcription factor, from genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq) data in mouse and human embryonic stem (ES) cells combined with detection of CTCF-binding motifs. Conclusions The results presented here clarify the evolutionary history of the vertebrate Otop and Ush1g families, and establish a framework for studying the possible interaction(s) of Ush1g and Otop in developmental pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belen Hurle
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Frequency of Usher syndrome in two pediatric populations: Implications for genetic screening of deaf and hard of hearing children. Genet Med 2010; 12:512-6. [PMID: 20613545 DOI: 10.1097/gim.0b013e3181e5afb8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Usher syndrome is a major cause of genetic deafness and blindness. The hearing loss is usually congenital and the retinitis pigmentosa is progressive and first noticed in early childhood to the middle teenage years. Its frequency may be underestimated. Newly developed molecular technologies can detect the underlying gene mutation of this disorder early in life providing estimation of its prevalence in at risk pediatric populations and laying a foundation for its incorporation as an adjunct to newborn hearing screening programs. METHODS A total of 133 children from two deaf and hard of hearing pediatric populations were genotyped first for GJB2/6 and, if negative, then for Usher syndrome. Children were scored as positive if the test revealed > or =1 pathogenic mutations in any Usher gene. RESULTS Fifteen children carried pathogenic mutations in one of the Usher genes; the number of deaf and hard of hearing children carrying Usher syndrome mutations was 15/133 (11.3%). The population prevalence was estimated to be 1/6000. CONCLUSION Usher syndrome is more prevalent than has been reported before the genome project era. Early diagnosis of Usher syndrome has important positive implications for childhood safety, educational planning, genetic counseling, and treatment. The results demonstrate that DNA testing for Usher syndrome is feasible and may be a useful addition to newborn hearing screening programs.
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A.Viala, Nicot T, Levy F, Vacheron MN. À propos d’un cas de syndrome de Usher suivi en psychiatrie : intérêt du diagnostic somatique pour la prise en charge psychiatrique. Encephale 2009; 35:286-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2008.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2007] [Accepted: 04/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Cochlear implantation in individuals with Usher type 1 syndrome. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2008; 72:841-7. [PMID: 18395802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2008.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2007] [Revised: 02/15/2008] [Accepted: 02/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the occurrence of the Usher type 1 (USH1) gene mutations in cochlear implant recipients with deaf-blind Usher syndrome, and to assess the potential effect of these genes and other factors on the therapeutic outcome. STUDY DESIGN Case series study of nine patients with the phenotypic diagnosis of USH1. METHODS AND SUBJECTS Mutation analysis of four USH1 genes (MYO7A, USH1C, CDH23, and PCDH15) by single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) and direct sequencing methods. Pre- and post-implantation audiologic tests including pure tone audiometry, speech perception measures, and qualitative assessment of auditory performance. Nine USH1 patients who received their cochlear implants at the University of Miami Ear Institute, Miami, FL, USA, and at the Department of Cochlear Implants, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK. RESULTS DNA samples from five of the nine patients were available for mutation analysis. Three of the five patients were found to carry USH1 mutations including two with a truncated mutation in CDH23 and one being a digenic inheritance with mutations in CDH23 and PCDH15. We may have failed to detect mutations in the amplicons analyzed, as neither SSCP nor direct sequencing, even combined, detects all mutations present. Our failure to detect mutations in all five patients may also confirm the genetic heterogeneity of USH1 and additional USH1 loci remain to be mapped. Pre-implantation assessment indicated that all of the subjects were pre-linguistically profoundly deaf, had no consistent response to sound, had varying degrees of auditory-oral habilitation. Age at implantation ranged from 2 to 11 years. There was post-implantation improvement in sound detection and speech recognition measures in closed-set format in all patients. Children implanted at an age of 3 years or less showed good open-set speech perception with lip-reading. All patients are implant users. Those patients who do not show open-set perception still use the cochlear implant as an adjunct of lip-reading or total communication. CONCLUSION Testing for mutations in the USH1 genes allows early identification and intervention of children with USH1; timely intervention is important to maximize the development of useful auditory-oral communication skills prior to the onset of the visual impairment.
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Cabraja M, Bäurle J. Vestibular ganglion neurons survive hair cell defects in jerker, shaker, and Varitint-waddler mutants and downregulate calretinin expression. J Comp Neurol 2007; 504:418-26. [PMID: 17663432 DOI: 10.1002/cne.21453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar neurons (BNs) in the vestibular ganglion (VG) connect vestibular hair cells with the central nervous system (CNS). Disturbed function and cell loss in central vestibular target areas or in the vestibular periphery involve BNs either retro- or anterogradely. However, the impact of central vestibular disturbances or hair cell defects on the maintenance of BNs is poorly understood. In the present study the volume of the VG, the size and total number of BNs, and the number of BNs expressing the calcium-binding protein calretinin (Calr) were quantified stereologically in the cerebellar mutants purkinje cell degeneration (pcd/pcd), weaver (wv/wv), and Lurcher (Lc/+), and in the vestibular mutants jerker (je/je), shaker-1 (sh/sh), and Varitint-waddler (Va/+). In all the different mutant mice investigated the total number of BNs did not differ from that of wildtypes. In contrast, the number of Calr-positive BNs was significantly reduced in je/je (23%) and sh/sh (33%) mutants. Reduced cell size was apparent in sh/sh mutants and the volume of the VG significantly decreased in je/je mice. Calr was virtually absent from calyx endings in the vestibular periphery of je/je, sh/sh, and Va/+ mutants, whereas in wildtypes and cerebellar mutants many calyces displayed intense Calr labeling. These results imply that the survival of BNs is apparently unaffected by the peripheral and central target defects found in the mutants investigated. Whether the decrease in Calr expression may reflect biochemical adaptations in response to input disturbances or a specific loss of large BNs is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Cabraja
- Department of Physiology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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Daiger SP, Bowne SJ, Sullivan LS. Perspective on genes and mutations causing retinitis pigmentosa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 125:151-8. [PMID: 17296890 PMCID: PMC2580741 DOI: 10.1001/archopht.125.2.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Exceptional progress has been made during the past two decades in identifying genes causing inherited retinal diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa. An inescapable consequence is that the relationship between genes, mutations, and clinical findings has become very complex. Success in identifying the causes of inherited retinal diseases has many implications, including a better understanding of the biological basis of vision and insights into the processes involved in retinal pathology. From a clinical point of view, there are two important questions arising from these developments: where do we stand today in finding disease-causing mutations in affected individuals, and what are the implications of this information for clinical practice? This perspective addresses these questions specifically for retinitis pigmentosa, but the observations apply generally to other forms of inherited eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Daiger
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Yonezawa S, Yoshizaki N, Kageyama T, Takahashi T, Sano M, Tokita Y, Masaki S, Inaguma Y, Hanai A, Sakurai N, Yoshiki A, Kusakabe M, Moriyama A, Nakayama A. Fates of Cdh23/CDH23 with mutations affecting the cytoplasmic region. Hum Mutat 2006; 27:88-97. [PMID: 16281288 DOI: 10.1002/humu.20266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BUS/Idr mice carrying a mutant waltzer allele (vbus) are characterized by splayed hair bundles in inner ear sensory cells, providing a mouse homolog of USH1D/DFNB12. RT-PCR-based screening for the presence of mutations in mouse Cdh23, the gene responsible for the waltzer phenotype, has identified a G>A mutation in the donor splice site of intron 67 (Cdh23:c.9633+1G>A: GenBank AF308939.1), indicating that two altered Cdh23 molecules having intron-derived COOH-terminal structures could be generated in BUS mouse tissues. Immunochemical analyses with anti-Cdh23 antibodies showed, however, no clear Cdh23-related proteins in vbus/vbus tissues, while the antibodies immunoreacted with approximately 350 kDa proteins in control mice. Immunofluorescent experiments revealed considerable weakening of Cdh23 signals in sensory hair cell stereocilia and Reissner's membrane in the vbus/vbus inner ear, and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated abundant autophagosome/autolysosome vesicles, suggesting aberrant Cdh23:c.9633+1G>A-derived protein-induced acceleration of lysosomal bulk degradation of proteins. In transfection experiments, signal sequence-preceded FLAG-tagged transmembrane plus cytoplasmic regions (TMCy) of tissue-specific Cdh23(+/-68) isoforms were localized to filamentous actin-rich protrusions and the plasma membrane of cultured cells, whereas FLAG-TMCy:c.9633+1G>A proteins were highly insoluble and retained in the cytoplasm. In contrast, FLAG-tagged TMCy:p.Arg3175His and human TMCy:c.9625_9626insC forms were both localized to the plasma membrane in cultured cells, allowing prediction that USH1D-associated CDH23:p.Arg3175His and CDH23:c.9625_9626insC proteins could be transported to the plasma membrane in vivo. The present results thus suggest different fates of CDH23/Cdh23 with mutations affecting the cytoplasmic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yonezawa
- Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Japan.
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Mbalaviele G, Shin CS, Civitelli R. Cell-cell adhesion and signaling through cadherins: connecting bone cells in their microenvironment. J Bone Miner Res 2006; 21:1821-7. [PMID: 17002562 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.060811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Mbalaviele
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Abstract
Usher syndrome is a heterogeneous autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hearing and visual sensory impairment. Retinitis pigmentosa is essential for its diagnosis. There are only a few reports describing patients with Usher syndrome presenting with psychotic features and the etiology of its psychiatric manifestation is still unknown. Herein, the authors report variable congenital hearing impairment and progressive visual loss occurring in five of seven family members and two of them meeting the diagnostic criteria of Usher syndrome with psychotic features. Furthermore, the authors compare their psychiatric symptoms with other reports and the possible etiologies of psychotic symptoms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Ying Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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McHugh RK, Friedman RA. Genetics of hearing loss: Allelism and modifier genes produce a phenotypic continuum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 288:370-81. [PMID: 16550584 DOI: 10.1002/ar.a.20297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent genetic and genomic studies have greatly advanced our knowledge of the structure and function of genes involved in hearing loss. We are starting to recognize, however, that many of these genes do not appear to follow traditional Mendelian expression patterns and are subject to the effects of allelism and modifier genes. This review presents two genes illustrative of this concept that have varied expression pattern such that they may produce either syndromic or nonsyndromic hearing loss. One of these genes, cadherin 23, produces a spectrum of phenotypic traits, including presbycusis, nonsyndromic prelingual hearing loss (DFNB12), and syndromic hearing loss as part of Usher syndrome (Usher 1D). Missense mutations in CDH23 have been associated with presbycusis and DFNB12, whereas null alleles cause the majority of Usher 1D. Modifier gene products that interact with cadherin 23 also affect the phenotypic spectrum. Similarly, allelsim in the gene encoding wolframin (WFS1) causes either a nonsyndromic dominant low-frequency hearing loss (DFNA6/14/38) or Wolfram syndrome. Missense mutations within a defined region are associated with DFNA6/14/38, while more severe mutations spanning WFS1 are found in Wolfram syndrome patients. The phenotypic spectrum of Wolfram syndrome is also hypothesized to be influenced by modifier genes products. These studies provide increasing evidence for the importance of modifier genes in elucidating the functional pathways of primary hearing loss genes. Characterizing modifier genes may result in better treatment options for patients with hearing loss and define new diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard K McHugh
- Section on Hereditary Disorders of the Ear, House Ear Institute, Los Angeles, California 90057, USA
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Kimberling WJ. Estimation of the frequency of occult mutations for an autosomal recessive disease in the presence of genetic heterogeneity: application to genetic hearing loss disorders. Hum Mutat 2006; 26:462-70. [PMID: 16145690 DOI: 10.1002/humu.20221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The routine testing for pathologic mutation(s) in a patient's DNA has become the foundation of modern molecular genetic diagnosis. It is especially valuable when the phenotype shows genetic heterogeneity, and its importance will grow as treatments become genotype specific. However, the technology of mutation detection is imperfect and mutations are often missed. This can be especially troublesome when dealing with a recessive disorder where the combination of genetic heterogeneity and missed mutation creates an imprecision in the genotypic assessment of individuals who do not appear to have the expected complement of two pathologic mutations. This article describes a statistical approach to the estimation of the likelihood of a genetic diagnosis under these conditions. In addition to providing a means of testing for missed mutations, it also provides a method of estimating and testing for the presence of genetic heterogeneity in the absence of linkage data. Gene frequencies as well as estimates of sensitivity and specificity can be obtained as well. The test is applied to GJB2 recessive nonsyndromic deafness, Usher syndrome types Ib and IIa, and Pendred-enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Kimberling
- Center for the Study and Treatment of Usher Syndrome, Boys Town National Research Hospital and the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska 68131, USA.
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Sadeghi AM, Eriksson K, Kimberling WJ, Sjöström A, Möller C. Longterm visual prognosis in Usher syndrome types 1 and 2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 84:537-44. [PMID: 16879578 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0420.2006.00675.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To estimate the age at diagnosis of retinitis pigmentosa and to determine visual acuity deterioration, visual field impairment and the frequency of cataracts in Usher syndrome types 1 and 2. METHODS We carried out a retrospective study of 328 affected subjects with Usher syndrome types 1 and 2. Study subjects were divided into seven different age groups by decade. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, general linear model anova and survival analysis. RESULTS Retinitis pigmentosa was diagnosed significantly earlier in subjects with Usher syndrome type 1 than in those with type 2. Visual acuity was significantly more impaired in affected subjects with Usher syndrome type 1 than in those with type 2 from 50 years of age onwards. Survival analysis revealed a significant difference in visual field loss (<or= 10 degrees) between the two groups, with type 2 subjects tending to be more impaired, while comparison indicated no significant differences between the groups in any of the other visual field categories. Cataract was found to be generally more common in Usher syndrome type 1 than type 2. CONCLUSIONS Progressive loss of visual acuity and visual field begins to be substantial between the second and third decades of life in both Usher types. The rate of degeneration varies between individuals in both groups. The data are useful for the counselling of affected subjects with Usher syndrome types 1 and 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- André M Sadeghi
- Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Neurology and Physiology, Department of Audiology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Pushkin A, Kurtz I. SLC4 base (HCO3 -, CO3 2-) transporters: classification, function, structure, genetic diseases, and knockout models. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2006; 290:F580-99. [PMID: 16461757 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00252.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, biochemical and physiological processes are sensitive to changes in H(+) activity. For these processes to function optimally, a variety of proteins have evolved that transport H(+)/base equivalents across cell and organelle membranes, thereby maintaining the pH of various intracellular and extracellular compartments within specific limits. The SLC4 family of base (HCO(3)(-), CO(3)(2(-))) transport proteins plays an essential role in mediating Na(+)- and/or Cl(-)-dependent base transport in various tissues and cell types in mammals. In addition to pH regulation, specific members of this family also contribute to vectorial transepithelial base transport in several organ systems including the kidney, pancreas, and eye. The importance of these transporters in mammalian cell biology is highlighted by the phenotypic abnormalities resulting from spontaneous SLC4 mutations in humans and targeted deletions in murine knockout models. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the molecular organization and functional properties of SLC4 transporters and their role in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Pushkin
- Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California-Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Rm. 7-155 Factor Bldg., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Tian Y, James S, Zuo J, Fritzsch B, Beisel KW. Conditional and inducible gene recombineering in the mouse inner ear. Brain Res 2006; 1091:243-54. [PMID: 16488403 PMCID: PMC3901521 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2005] [Revised: 12/30/2005] [Accepted: 01/05/2006] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Genetically engineered mice have greatly improved our understanding of gene functions and disease mechanisms. Nevertheless, the traditional knock-out approach has limitations in the overall viability of mutants. The application of the Cre/loxP system in the inner ear can help bypass this difficulty by generation of conditional gene recombineering. However, to do so requires an expression system that allows ear-specific temporally inducible, gene abrogation of one or more of the increasingly available floxed genes. To date, three approaches have been successfully used to create murine inner ear-specific Cre lines: conventional transgenesis, BAC transgenesis, and gene knock-in. Unfortunately, timing of conditional Cre activity does not extend beyond the regulatory range of the gene controlling Cre expression. Rectification of this problem requires the generation of tamoxifen or tetracycline inducible systems in the inner ear. Examination of integrase expression at different loci will facilitate studies on the expression of exogenous transgenes. These genetic applications for the mouse genome will dramatically advance in vivo gene function studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tian
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Sally James
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jian Zuo
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Bernd Fritzsch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, School of Medicine, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Kirk W. Beisel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, School of Medicine, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
- Corresponding author: Fax: +1 402 280 2690. (K.W. Beisel)
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Gerber S, Bonneau D, Gilbert B, Munnich A, Dufier JL, Rozet JM, Kaplan J. USH1A: chronicle of a slow death. Am J Hum Genet 2006; 78:357-9. [PMID: 16400615 PMCID: PMC1380243 DOI: 10.1086/500275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Gerber
- Unité de Recherches sur les Handicaps Génétiques de l’Enfant and Service d’Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris; Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU d’Angers, Angers, France; and Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Dominique Bonneau
- Unité de Recherches sur les Handicaps Génétiques de l’Enfant and Service d’Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris; Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU d’Angers, Angers, France; and Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Brigitte Gilbert
- Unité de Recherches sur les Handicaps Génétiques de l’Enfant and Service d’Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris; Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU d’Angers, Angers, France; and Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Arnold Munnich
- Unité de Recherches sur les Handicaps Génétiques de l’Enfant and Service d’Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris; Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU d’Angers, Angers, France; and Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Louis Dufier
- Unité de Recherches sur les Handicaps Génétiques de l’Enfant and Service d’Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris; Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU d’Angers, Angers, France; and Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Michel Rozet
- Unité de Recherches sur les Handicaps Génétiques de l’Enfant and Service d’Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris; Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU d’Angers, Angers, France; and Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Josseline Kaplan
- Unité de Recherches sur les Handicaps Génétiques de l’Enfant and Service d’Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris; Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU d’Angers, Angers, France; and Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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Stains JP, Civitelli R. Cell-cell interactions in regulating osteogenesis and osteoblast function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 75:72-80. [PMID: 15838921 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.20034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endochondral bone formation requires an elaborate interplay among autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine signals, positional cues, and cell-cell contacts to mediate the complex three-dimensional architecture and function of the skeleton. Embryonic bone development occurs by migration, aggregation, and condensation of immature mesenchymal progenitor cells to form the cartilaginous anlage. Upon vascular invasion, the cartilaginous scaffold is colonized and subsequently mineralized by osteoblasts. Likewise, bone remodeling in the adult skeleton is a dynamic process that requires coordinated cellular activities among osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts to maintain bone homeostasis. This review examines the role of cell-cell interactions mediated by adherens junctions formed by cadherins and communicative gap junctions formed by connexins in regulating bone development and osteogenic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Stains
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Kuroda TS, Fukuda M. Functional Analysis of Slac2-c/MyRIP as a Linker Protein between Melanosomes and Myosin VIIa*[boxs]. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:28015-22. [PMID: 15927964 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m501465200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Slac2-c/MyRIP, an in vitro Rab27A- and myosin Va/VIIa-binding protein, has recently been proposed to regulate retinal melanosome transport in retinal pigment epithelium cells by directly linking melanosome-bound Rab27A and myosin VIIa; however, the exact function of Slac2-c in melanosome transport has never been clarified. In this study, we used melanosome transport in skin melanocytes as a model for retinal melanosome transport and analyzed the in vivo function of Slac2-c in melanosome transport by the ectopic expression of Slac2-c, together with myosin VIIa, in Slac2-a-depleted melanocytes. In vitro binding experiments revealed that myosin VIIa had a greater affinity for Slac2-c, compared with the binding affinity of myosin Va, and that the myosin VIIa-binding domain of Slac2-c is different from the previously characterized myosin Va-binding domain that is conserved between Slac2-a/melanophilin and Slac2-c. Consistent with this result, cyan fluorescent protein-tagged Slac2-c expressed in melanocytes was localized on melanosomes via the specific interaction with Rab27A and recruited co-expressed yellow fluorescent protein-tagged myosin VIIa to the melanosomes without interfering with the normal peripheral melanosome distribution, whereas when myosin VIIa alone was expressed in melanocytes, it was not localized on the melanosomes. Moreover, Slac2-c ectopically expressed in melanocytes did not rescue the perinuclear aggregation phenotype induced by the knockdown of endogenous Slac2-a with a specific small interfering RNA, whereas the expression of the Slac2-c x myosin VIIa complex supported the normal melanosome distribution in Slac2-a-depleted melanocytes, indicating that Slac2-c functions as a myosin VIIa receptor rather than a myosin Va receptor in melanosome transport. Based on these findings, we propose that Slac2-c acts as a functional myosin VIIa receptor and that the Rab27A.Slac2-c x myosin VIIa tripartite protein complex regulates the transport of retinal melanosomes in pigment epithelium cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taruho S Kuroda
- Fukuda Initiative Research Unit, RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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