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Akalın A, Ayaz E, Soğukpınar M, Avcı-Durmuşalioğlu E, Ürel-Demir G, Yıldız AE, Atik T, Elcioglu NH, Eda Utine G, Şimşek-Kiper PÖ. Further defining the molecular spectrum and long-term follow-up of 17 patients with Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen and Smith-McCort dysplasia type 2. Am J Med Genet A 2024:e63785. [PMID: 38860472 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen dysplasia (DMC) and Smith-McCort dysplasia (SMC types 1 and 2) are rare spondylo-epi-metaphyseal dysplasias with identical radiological and clinical findings. DMC and SMC type 1 are allelic disorders caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous variants in DYM, while biallelic causative variants in RAB33B lead to SMC type 2. The terminology "skeletal golgipathies" has been recently used to describe these conditions, highlighting the pivotal role of these two genes in the organization and intracellular trafficking of the Golgi apparatus. In this study, we investigated 17 affected individuals (8 males, 9 females) from 10 unrelated consanguineous families, 10 diagnosed with DMC and seven with SMC type 2. The mean age at diagnosis was 9.61 ± 9.72 years, ranging from 20 months to 34 years, and the average height at diagnosis was 92.85 ± 15.50 cm. All patients exhibited variable degrees of short trunk with a barrel chest, protruding abdomen, hyperlordosis, and decreased joint mobility. A total of nine different biallelic variants were identified, with six being located in the DYM gene and the remaining three detected in RAB33B. Notably, five variants were classified as novel, four in the DYM gene and one in the RAB33B gene. This study aims to comprehensively assess clinical, radiological, and molecular findings along with the long-term follow-up findings in 17 patients with DMC and SMC type 2. Our results suggest that clinical symptoms of the disorder typically appear from infancy to early childhood. The central notches of the vertebral bodies were identified as early as 20 months and tended to become rectangular, particularly around 15 years of age. Pseudoepiphysis was observed in five patients; we believe this finding should be taken into consideration when evaluating hand radiographs in clinical assessments. Furthermore, our research contributes to an enhanced understanding of clinical and molecular aspects in these rare "skeletal golgipathies," expanding the mutational spectrum and offering insights into long-term disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akçahan Akalın
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Diyarbakir Children's Hospital, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Ercan Ayaz
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Diyarbakir Children's Hospital, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Merve Soğukpınar
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Enise Avcı-Durmuşalioğlu
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gizem Ürel-Demir
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Adalet Elçin Yıldız
- Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tahir Atik
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nursel H Elcioglu
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Eastern Mediterranean University Medical School, Famagusta, Turkey
| | - Gulen Eda Utine
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pelin Özlem Şimşek-Kiper
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Dimori M, Pokrovskaya ID, Liu S, Sherrill JT, Gomez-Acevedo H, Fu Q, Storrie B, Lupashin VV, Morello R. A Rab33b missense mouse model for Smith-McCort dysplasia shows bone resorption defects and altered protein glycosylation. Front Genet 2023; 14:1204296. [PMID: 37359363 PMCID: PMC10285484 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1204296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Smith McCort (SMC) dysplasia is a rare, autosomal recessive, osteochondrodysplasia that can be caused by pathogenic variants in either RAB33B or DYM genes. These genes codes for proteins that are located at the Golgi apparatus and have a role in intracellular vesicle trafficking. We generated mice that carry a Rab33b disease-causing variant, c.136A>C (p.Lys46Gln), which is identical to that of members from a consanguineous family diagnosed with SMC. In male mice at 4 months of age, the Rab33b variant caused a mild increase in trabecular bone thickness in the spine and femur and in femoral mid-shaft cortical thickness with a concomitant reduction of the femoral medullary area, suggesting a bone resorption defect. In spite of the increase in trabecular and cortical thickness, bone histomorphometry showed a 4-fold increase in osteoclast parameters in homozygous Rab33b mice suggesting a putative impairment in osteoclast function, while dynamic parameters of bone formation were similar in mutant versus control mice. Femur biomechanical tests showed an increased in yield load and a progressive elevation, from WT to heterozygote to homozygous mutants, of bone intrinsic properties. These findings suggest an overall impact on bone material properties which may be caused by disturbed protein glycosylation in cells contributing to skeletal formation, supported by the altered and variable pattern of lectin staining in murine and human tissue cultured cells and in liver and bone murine tissues. The mouse model only reproduced some of the features of the human disease and was sex-specific, manifesting in male but not female mice. Our data reveal a potential novel role of RAB33B in osteoclast function and protein glycosylation and their dysregulation in SMC and lay the foundation for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Dimori
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Irina D Pokrovskaya
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Shijie Liu
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - John T Sherrill
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Horacio Gomez-Acevedo
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Brian Storrie
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Vladimir V Lupashin
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Roy Morello
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Division of Genetics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
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Varshney K, Narayanachar SG, Girisha KM, Bhavani GS, Narayanan D, Phadke S, Nampoothiri S, Udupi GA, Raghupathy P, Nair M, Geetha TS, Bhat M. Clinical, radiological and molecular studies in 24 individuals with Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen dysplasia and Smith-McCort dysplasia from India. J Med Genet 2023; 60:204-211. [PMID: 35477554 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-108098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen dysplasia (DMC) and Smith-McCort dysplasia (SMC types 1 and 2) are rare spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasias with identical radiological findings. The presence of intellectual disability in DMC and normal intellect in SMC differentiates the two. DMC and SMC1 are allelic and caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous variants in DYM. SMC2 is caused by variations in RAB33B. Both DYM and RAB33B are important in intravesicular transport and function in the Golgi apparatus. METHODS Detailed clinical phenotyping and skeletal radiography followed by molecular testing were performed in all affected individuals. Next-generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing were used to confirm DYM and RAB33B variants. Sanger sequencing of familial variants was done in all parents. RESULTS 24 affected individuals from seven centres are described. 18 had DMC and 6 had SMC2. Parental consanguinity was present in 15 of 19 (79%). Height <3 SD and gait abnormalities were seen in 20 and 14 individuals, respectively. The characteristic radiological findings of lacy iliac crests and double-humped vertebral bodies were seen in 96% and 88% of the affected. Radiological findings became attenuated with age. 23 individuals harboured biallelic variants in either DYM or RAB33B. Fourteen different variants were identified, out of which 10 were novel. The most frequently occurring variants in this group were c.719 C>A (3), c.1488_1489del (2), c.1484dup (2) and c.1563+2T>C (2) in DYM and c.400C>T (2) and c.186del (2) in RAB33B. The majority of these have not been reported previously. CONCLUSION This large cohort from India contributes to the increasing knowledge of clinical and molecular findings in these rare 'Golgipathies'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kruti Varshney
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Centre for Human Genetics, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Katta M Girisha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Gandham SriLakshmi Bhavani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Dhanyalakshmi Narayanan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shubha Phadke
- Department of Medical Genetics, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sheela Nampoothiri
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Reseacrh Centre, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Gautham Arunachal Udupi
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Palany Raghupathy
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohandas Nair
- Department of Paediatrics, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | | | - Meenakshi Bhat
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Centre for Human Genetics, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Department of Paediatric Genetics, Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Tüysüz B, Geyik F, Yıldırım T, Alkaya DU, Sharifova S, Kafadar A. Seven patients with Smith-McCort dysplasia 2: Four novel nonsense variants in RAB33B and follow-up findings. Eur J Med Genet 2021; 64:104248. [PMID: 34000439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Smith-McCort dysplasia 2 (SMC2) is a rare spondylo-epiphyseal-metaphyseal dysplasia caused by biallelic RAB33B variants. Short trunk dwarfism and radiological findings including the lacy ilia appearance and double bumps of the vertebral bodies are typical features. To date, only eight patients with SMC2 had been reported. The aim of this study is to evaluate the follow-up findings of seven patients from five families with SMC2 and to present four novel variants in RAB33B. The age of diagnosis of the patients was between 4 and 18 years. All patients had variable degrees of short trunk dwarfism with barrel chest, waddling gait, hyperlordosis, genu valgum, elbow and finger joint stiffness, which became more evident with growth. Lacy iliac crest, short ilia with basilar hypoplasia, platyspondyly, dysplastic acetabulum with small and/or laterally displaced femoral heads, and small, irregular carpal bones were detected on skeletal radiographies of all patients. Typical double hump appearance of vertebral bodies was present in patients under 12 years of age, which disappeared after puberty and development of elongated vertebral bodies was also observed. At the time of diagnosis, six patients were able to walk independently; patients who were followed for five to nine years, developed severe hip pain, hip and knee joints stiffness and difficultly of walking after 10 years of age. Only two patients could walk independently during final examination. We detected four novel nonsense variants (p.Gln85Ter, p. Cys48Ter, p. Arg94Ter and p. Gln134Ter) in RAB33B. This study provides important data on long-term skeletal findings of the patients with SMC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyhan Tüysüz
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Filiz Geyik
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Timur Yıldırım
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Baltalimani Bone Diseases Training and Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Uludağ Alkaya
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sabine Sharifova
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Kafadar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
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5
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FUS(1-359) transgenic mice as a model of ALS: pathophysiological and molecular aspects of the proteinopathy. Neurogenetics 2018; 19:189-204. [DOI: 10.1007/s10048-018-0553-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Salian S, Cho TJ, Phadke SR, Gowrishankar K, Bhavani GS, Shukla A, Jagadeesh S, Kim OH, Nishimura G, Girisha KM. Additional three patients with Smith-McCort dysplasia due to novel RAB33B mutations. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:588-595. [PMID: 28127940 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Smith-McCort dysplasia (SMC OMIM 615222) and Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen dysplasia (DMC OMIM 223800) are allelic skeletal dysplasias caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in DYM (OMIM 607461). Both disorders share the same skeletal phenotypes characterized by spondylo-epi-metaphyseal dysplasia with distinctive lacy ilia. The difference rests on the presence or absence of intellectual disability, that is, intellectual disability in DMC and normal cognition in SMC. However, genetic heterogeneity was suspected in SMC. Recently, RAB33B (OMIM 605950) has been identified as the second gene for SMC. Nevertheless, only two affected families have been reported so far. Here we present three SMC patients with four novel pathogenic variants in RAB33B, including homozygosity for c.211C>T (p.R71*), homozygosity for c.365T>C (p.F122S), and compound heterozygosity for c.48delCGGGGCAG (p.G17Vfs*58) and c.490C>T (p.Q164*). We also summarize the clinical, radiological, and mutation profile of RAB33B after literature mining. This report ascertains the pathogenic relationship between RAB33B and SMC. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smrithi Salian
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Tae-Joon Cho
- Division of Pediatric Orthopedics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shubha R Phadke
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Kalpana Gowrishankar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Apollo Children's Hospital, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Anju Shukla
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | | | - Ok-Hwa Kim
- Department of Radiology, Woorisoa Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gen Nishimura
- Department of Pediatric Imaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katta M Girisha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India
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7
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Dupuis N, Fafouri A, Bayot A, Kumar M, Lecharpentier T, Ball G, Edwards D, Bernard V, Dournaud P, Drunat S, Vermelle-Andrzejewski M, Vilain C, Abramowicz M, Désir J, Bonaventure J, Gareil N, Boncompain G, Csaba Z, Perez F, Passemard S, Gressens P, El Ghouzzi V. Dymeclin deficiency causes postnatal microcephaly, hypomyelination and reticulum-to-Golgi trafficking defects in mice and humans. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:2771-83. [PMID: 25652408 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dymeclin is a Golgi-associated protein whose deficiency causes Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen syndrome (DMC, MIM #223800), a rare recessively inherited spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia consistently associated with postnatal microcephaly and intellectual disability. While the skeletal phenotype of DMC patients has been extensively described, very little is known about their cerebral anomalies, which result in brain growth defects and cognitive dysfunction. We used Dymeclin-deficient mice to determine the cause of microcephaly and to identify defective mechanisms at the cellular level. Brain weight and volume were reduced in all mutant mice from postnatal day 5 onward. Mutant mice displayed a narrowing of the frontal cortex, although cortical layers were normally organized. Interestingly, the corpus callosum was markedly thinner, a characteristic we also identified in DMC patients. Consistent with this, the myelin sheath was thinner, less compact and not properly rolled, while the number of mature oligodendrocytes and their ability to produce myelin basic protein were significantly decreased. Finally, cortical neurons from mutant mice and primary fibroblasts from DMC patients displayed substantially delayed endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi trafficking, which could be fully rescued upon Dymeclin re-expression. These findings indicate that Dymeclin is crucial for proper myelination and anterograde neuronal trafficking, two processes that are highly active during postnatal brain maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Dupuis
- Inserm, U1141, Paris, France, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Univ Paris Diderot, UMRS 1141, Paris, France
| | - Assia Fafouri
- Inserm, U1141, Paris, France, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Univ Paris Diderot, UMRS 1141, Paris, France
| | - Aurélien Bayot
- Inserm, U1141, Paris, France, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Univ Paris Diderot, UMRS 1141, Paris, France
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Inserm, U1141, Paris, France, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Univ Paris Diderot, UMRS 1141, Paris, France
| | - Tifenn Lecharpentier
- Inserm, U1141, Paris, France, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Univ Paris Diderot, UMRS 1141, Paris, France
| | - Gareth Ball
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - David Edwards
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Véronique Bernard
- CNRS UMR7224, Inserm, U952, Paris, France, Univ Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Dournaud
- Inserm, U1141, Paris, France, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Univ Paris Diderot, UMRS 1141, Paris, France
| | - Séverine Drunat
- Inserm, U1141, Paris, France, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Univ Paris Diderot, UMRS 1141, Paris, France, Service de Génétique Clinique, AP-HP, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | | | - Catheline Vilain
- Medical Genetics Department, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc Abramowicz
- Medical Genetics Department, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Désir
- Medical Genetics Department, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Jacky Bonaventure
- CNRS UMR3347, Orsay, France, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris, France
| | - Nelly Gareil
- CNRS UMR144, Paris, France and Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris, France
| | - Gaelle Boncompain
- CNRS UMR144, Paris, France and Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris, France
| | - Zsolt Csaba
- Inserm, U1141, Paris, France, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Univ Paris Diderot, UMRS 1141, Paris, France
| | - Franck Perez
- CNRS UMR144, Paris, France and Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Passemard
- Inserm, U1141, Paris, France, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Univ Paris Diderot, UMRS 1141, Paris, France, Service de Génétique Clinique, AP-HP, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Gressens
- Inserm, U1141, Paris, France, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Univ Paris Diderot, UMRS 1141, Paris, France, Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Vincent El Ghouzzi
- Inserm, U1141, Paris, France, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Univ Paris Diderot, UMRS 1141, Paris, France,
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Dupuis N, Lebon S, Kumar M, Drunat S, Graul-Neumann LM, Gressens P, El Ghouzzi V. A novel RAB33B mutation in Smith-McCort dysplasia. Hum Mutat 2012; 34:283-6. [PMID: 23042644 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Smith-McCort dysplasia (SMC) is a rare autosomal recessive spondylo-epi-metaphyseal dysplasia with skeletal features identical to those of Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen syndrome (DMC) but with normal intelligence and no microcephaly. Although both syndromes were shown to result from mutations in the DYM gene, which encodes the Golgi protein DYMECLIN, a few SMC patients remained negative in DYM mutation screening. Recently, autozygosity mapping and exome sequencing in a large SMC family have allowed the identification of a missense mutation in RAB33B, another Golgi protein involved in retrograde transport of Golgi vesicles. Here, we report a novel RAB33B mutation in a second SMC case that leads to a marked reduction of the protein as shown by Western blot and immunofluorescence. These data confirm the genetic heterogeneity of SMC dysplasia and highlight the role of Golgi transport in the pathogenesis of SMC and DMC syndromes.
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9
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Elalaoui SC, Mariam T, Ilham R, Yassamine D, Abdelaziz S. A recurrent mutation in Moroccan patients with Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen syndrome: Report of a new case and review. INDIAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS 2011; 17:97-9. [PMID: 22090722 PMCID: PMC3214327 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6866.86197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen (DMC) syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. It is a spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia associated with mental retardation. Clinical manifestations include coarse facies, microcephaly, short trunk dwarfism, and mental retardation. Mutations in Dymeclin gene (DYM), mapped to chromosome 18q21.1, is responsible for DMC. We report here the observation of a consanguineous Moroccan patient having DMC syndrome. The molecular studies showed a previously reported homozygous mutation at c.1878delA of DYM gene. We discuss this recurrent mutation in Moroccan patients with DMC syndrome with a review.
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10
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Katayama K, Sasaki T, Goto S, Ogasawara K, Maru H, Suzuki K, Suzuki H. Insertional mutation in the Golgb1 gene is associated with osteochondrodysplasia and systemic edema in the OCD rat. Bone 2011; 49:1027-36. [PMID: 21851869 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Homozygous rats (ocd/ocd) of a mutant inbred strain, OCD (osteochondrodysplasia), show osteochondrodysplasia, systemic edema, cleft palate, protruding tongue, disproportionate dwarfism, and lethality immediately after birth. Their epiphyses show decreased levels of glycosaminoglycans and weak staining for extracellular matrix proteins. The epiphyseal chondrocytes have large vesicles and expanded endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. These phenotypic features are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, and the ocd locus responsible for these phenotypes has been mapped close to D11Mgh3 on rat chromosome 11. In the present study, we characterized the embryonic pathogenesis of ocd/ocd rats and identified the mutant gene. Subcutaneous edema in the dorsal portion was found at embryonic day (E) 16.5, and the other anomalies described above were apparent after E18.5 in ocd/ocd. Whole mount immunohistochemistry for Sox9 revealed that mesenchymal condensation was delayed in limb bud in ocd/ocd, and skeletal preparation showed that the progression of whole-body chondrogenesis was delayed in ocd/ocd. Histological and immunohistological analyses of the femur showed that cell proliferations of resting and proliferative zones of growth plate were significantly reduced in ocd/ocd embryos. Fine linkage mapping localized the ocd locus within 84kb of positions 65,584-65,668kb containing a part of Golgb1 gene on chromosome 11. Expression of Golgb1 mRNA was found in limb buds, somite derivatives and calvaria. Sequence analysis identified a 10-bp insertion in exon 13 of the Golgb1 gene in ocd/ocd rats. The Golgb1 gene encodes the COPI vesicle tethering factor, giantin. This insertion mutation causes a frame shift, and introduces a premature termination codon at codon 1082, leading to truncation of the C-terminal two thirds of giantin. By in-gel Western analysis using anti-giantin antibody that recognizes an epitope within 200 aa of the C-terminus, the expression of giantin was not detected in ocd/ocd embryos. As the C-terminal region of giantin is required for localization to the Golgi apparatus, these results strongly suggested that giantin is functionally defective in ocd/ocd rats. Therefore, we concluded that mutation of the Golgb1 gene is responsible for the phenotypic characteristics including osteochondrodysplasia of ocd/ocd, and that giantin plays a pivotal role in multiple aspects of chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Katayama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180–8602, Japan
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Kenis V, Baindurashvili A, Melchenko E, Grill F, Al Kaissi A. Management of progressive genu varum in a patient with Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen syndrome. GERMAN MEDICAL SCIENCE : GMS E-JOURNAL 2011; 9:Doc25. [PMID: 21966286 PMCID: PMC3182029 DOI: 10.3205/000148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We describe the orthopaedic management of progressive genu varum in a child who manifested the full phenotypic characterization of Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Kenis
- Pediatric Orthopedic Institute n.a. H. Turner, Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Neuroorthopaedics and Systemic Disorders, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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Lee JJ, Essers JB, Kugathasan S, Escher JC, Lettre G, Butler JL, Stephens MC, Ramoni MF, Grand RJ, Hirschhorn J. Association of linear growth impairment in pediatric Crohn's disease and a known height locus: a pilot study. Ann Hum Genet 2010; 74:489-97. [PMID: 20846217 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2010.00606.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of growth impairment in Crohn's disease (CD) has been inadequately explained by nutritional, hormonal, and/or disease-related factors, suggesting that genetics may be an additional contributor. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate genetic variants associated with linear growth in pediatric-onset CD. We genotyped 951 subjects (317 CD patient-parent trios) for 64 polymorphisms within 14 CD-susceptibility and 23 stature-associated loci. Patient height-for-age Z-score < -1.64 was used to dichotomize probands into growth-impaired and nongrowth-impaired groups. The transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) was used to study association to growth impairment. There was a significant association between growth impairment in CD (height-for-age Z-score < -1.64) and a stature-related polymorphism in the dymeclin gene DYM (rs8099594) (OR = 3.2, CI [1.57-6.51], p = 0.0007). In addition, there was nominal over-transmission of two CD-susceptibility alleles, 10q21.1 intergenic region (rs10761659) and ATG16L1 (rs10210302), in growth-impaired CD children (OR = 2.36, CI [1.26-4.41] p = 0.0056 and OR = 2.45, CI [1.22-4.95] p = 0.0094, respectively). Our data indicate that genetic influences due to stature-associated and possibly CD risk alleles may predispose CD patients to alterations in linear growth. This is the first report of a link between a stature-associated locus and growth impairment in CD.
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Aglan MS, Temtamy SA, Fateen E, Ashour AM, Eldeeb K, Hosny GA. Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen syndrome: clinical, genetic, and radiological study of 15 Egyptian patients from nine unrelated families. J Child Orthop 2009; 3:451-8. [PMID: 19816730 PMCID: PMC2782068 DOI: 10.1007/s11832-009-0211-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2009] [Accepted: 09/23/2009] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen (DMC) syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive type of skeletal dysplasia. It is characterized by the association of progressive spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia (SEMD), microcephaly, mental retardation (MR), and coarse facies. The radiographic appearance of generalized platyspondyly with double-humped end plates and the lace-like appearance of iliac crests are pathognomonic and distinctive of DMC syndrome. The disorder results from mutations in the DYM gene mapped in the 18q12-12.1 chromosomal region. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this report, we studied 15 Egyptian cases with DMC syndrome from nine unrelated families. We aimed to emphasize the characteristic clinical and radiological features in order to differentiate the condition from other SEMDs and mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS). Patients were subjected to detailed history taking, three-generation family pedigree analysis, complete physical examination, anthropometric measurements, quantitative estimation, and two-dimensional electrophoresis of glycosaminoglycans in the urine and measurement of α-l-iduronidase and galactose-6-sulfatase enzyme activities to exclude Hurler and Morquio diseases (MPS type I and MPS type IVA), respectively. Other investigations were carried out whenever indicated. All patients were the offspring of consanguineous apparently normal parents. Positive family history and similarly affected sibs were noted, confirming the autosomal recessive inheritance pattern of the syndrome. Short stature, microcephaly, variable degree of MR, and coarse facies were constant features. The frequency of characteristic orthopedic and radiological findings was reported. Orthopedic surgical intervention was carried out for two patients. CONCLUSIONS The study concluded that DMC syndrome may be more frequent in Egypt than previously thought, especially due to misdiagnosis. Characteristic facial dysmorphism, body habitus, and pathognomonic radiological signs suggest the diagnosis and differentiate it from other types of SEMDs and MPS for proper genetic counseling and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona S. Aglan
- />Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, Cairo, 12311 Egypt
| | - Samia A. Temtamy
- />Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, Cairo, 12311 Egypt
| | - Ekram Fateen
- />Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, Biochemical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Adel M. Ashour
- />Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, Cairo, 12311 Egypt
| | - Khamis Eldeeb
- />Orthopedics Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Portuguese case of Smith–McCort syndrome caused by a new mutation in the Dymeclin (FLJ20071) gene. Clin Dysmorphol 2009; 18:41-44. [DOI: 10.1097/mcd.0b013e32831868ea] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Girisha K, Cormier-Daire V, Heuertz S, Phadke RV, Phadke SR. Novel mutation and atlantoaxial dislocation in two siblings from India with Dyggve–Melchior–Clausen syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 2008; 51:251-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2007.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2007] [Accepted: 12/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Martínez-Frías ML, Cormier-Daire V, Cohn DH, Mendioroz J, Bermejo E, Mansilla E. [Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen syndrome: presentation of a case with a mutation of possible Spanish origin]. Med Clin (Barc) 2007; 128:137-40. [PMID: 17288936 DOI: 10.1157/13098019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen syndrome is a progressive spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia characterized by a short trunk dwarfism, barrel chest, sternal protrusion, kyphoscoliosis, severe platyspondyly, with a central constriction, irregular iliac wings with a lacy appearance, rhizomelic shortening of the limbs, microcephaly, coarse face, and variable mental retardation. This condition is extremely rare and the diagnosis is difficult without any previous experience on it. It is inherited as an autosomal recessive condition, its gene (DYM) having been mapped in the 18q12-21.1 chromosomal region. At least 21 different mutations of this gene have been reported. MATERIAL AND METHODS We describe an affected Spanish child and include his molecular analysis. We also review the current knowledge on this syndrome. RESULTS The diagnosis of this patient, based on his clinical and radiological features, was later confirmed by analysis of the DYM gene mutations. The patient had two different mutations, one inherited from the mother and the other inherited from the father. CONCLUSIONS One of the mutations of this patient (exon 8) is extremely rare and has mostly been reported in patients with Spanish ancestors (from Chile, Argentina, Guam islands and a French patient with Spanish ancestors). These observations, together with that of the patient described here, led us to consider this mutation as having a possible Spanish/Portuguese origin. This condition may be more frequent in Spain than previously thought, especially due to misdiagnosis. This is important in order to undertake quaternary prevention, which is quite necessary for rare syndromes with polysystemic affectation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luisa Martínez-Frías
- ECEMC, Centro de Investigación sobre Anomalías Congénitas (CIAC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España.
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