1
|
Kaur T, Sriram CS, Prasanna P, Kohli U. Cardiovascular Phenotypic Spectrum of 1p36 Deletion Syndrome. J Pediatr Genet 2023; 12:329-334. [PMID: 38162160 PMCID: PMC10756722 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1732473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome 1p36 deletion syndrome is a common genetic anomaly (prevalence: 1 in 5,000-1 in 10,000). Despite reports of cardiovascular involvement, the cardiovascular phenotypic spectrum of patients with 1p36 deletion syndrome is not well characterized. In this article, we reported the clinical course of a full-term African American boy with chromosome 1p36 deletion syndrome and neonatal onset of severe cardiac disease with moderate-to-severe biventricular dysfunction and severe pulmonary hypertension. Early neonatal onset presentation of 1p36 deletion syndrome is rare and might be associated with a more guarded prognosis. This case based study is supplemented by a comprehensive review of cardiovascular involvement in this relatively common genetic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tripat Kaur
- Department of Pediatrics, Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Chenni S. Sriram
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Central Michigan University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | | | - Utkarsh Kohli
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Comer Children's Hospital and The Pritzker School of Medicine of University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yokoyama E, Villarroel CE, Diaz S, Del Castillo V, Pérez-Vera P, Salas C, Gómez S, Barreda R, Molina B, Frias S. Non-classical 1p36 deletion in a patient with Duane retraction syndrome: case report and literature review. Mol Cytogenet 2020; 13:42. [PMID: 32939224 PMCID: PMC7487539 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-020-00510-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Monosomy of 1p36 is considered the most common terminal microdeletion syndrome. It is characterized by intellectual disability, growth retardation, seizures, congenital anomalies, and distinctive facial features that are absent when the deletion is proximal, beyond the 1p36.32 region. In patients with proximal deletions, little is known about the associated phenotype, since only a few cases have been reported in the literature. Ocular manifestations in patients with classical 1p36 monosomy are frequent and include strabismus, myopia, hypermetropia, and nystagmus. However, as of today only one patient with 1p36 deletion and Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) has been reported. Case presentation We describe a patient with intellectual disability, facial dysmorphism, and bilateral Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) type 1. Array CGH showed a 7.2 Mb de novo deletion from 1p36.31 to 1p36.21. Discussion Our patient displayed DRS, which is not part of the classical phenotype and is not a common clinical feature in 1p36 deletion syndrome; we hypothesized that this could be associated with the overlapping deletion between the distal and proximal 1p36 regions. DRS is one of the Congenital Cranial Dysinnervation Disorders, and a genetic basis for the syndrome has been extensively reported. The HES3 gene is located at 1p36.31 and could be associated with oculomotor alterations, including DRS, since this gene is involved in the development of the 3rd cranial nerve and the 6th cranial nerve’s nucleus. We propose that oculomotor anomalies, including DRS, could be related to proximal 1p36 deletion, warranting a detailed ophthalmologic evaluation of these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emiy Yokoyama
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Camilo E Villarroel
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sinhué Diaz
- Enlace Científico, Shire Pharmaceuticals México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Victoria Del Castillo
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Pérez-Vera
- Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Consuelo Salas
- Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Reneé Barreda
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bertha Molina
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sara Frias
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida IMAN No. 1, Torre de Investigación, Insurgentes Cuicuilco, Coyoacán, 04530 Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vigdorovich N, Ben‐Sira L, Blumkin L, Precel R, Nezer I, Yosovich K, Cross Z, Vanderver A, Lev D, Lerman‐Sagie T, Zerem A. Brain white matter abnormalities associated with copy number variants. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 182:93-103. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Liat Ben‐Sira
- Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel‐Aviv Israel
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology Dana‐Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel‐Aviv Medical Center Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Lubov Blumkin
- Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel‐Aviv Israel
- Pediatric Neurology Unit Wolfson Medical Center Holon Israel
| | - Ronit Precel
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology Dana‐Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel‐Aviv Medical Center Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Ifat Nezer
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Wolfson Medical Center Holon Israel
| | - Keren Yosovich
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Wolfson Medical Center Holon Israel
| | - Zachary Cross
- Division of Neurology Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Adeline Vanderver
- Division of Neurology Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Dorit Lev
- Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel‐Aviv Israel
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Wolfson Medical Center Holon Israel
| | - Tally Lerman‐Sagie
- Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel‐Aviv Israel
- Pediatric Neurology Unit Wolfson Medical Center Holon Israel
| | - Ayelet Zerem
- Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel‐Aviv Israel
- Pediatric Neurology Unit Wolfson Medical Center Holon Israel
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu S, Wang Z, Wei S, Liang J, Chen N, OuYang H, Zeng W, Chen L, Xie X, Jiang J. Gray Matter Heterotopia, Mental Retardation, Developmental Delay, Microcephaly, and Facial Dysmorphisms in a Boy with Ring Chromosome 6: A 10-Year Follow-Up and Literature Review. Cytogenet Genome Res 2018; 154:201-208. [DOI: 10.1159/000488692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ring chromosome 6, r(6), is an extremely rare cytogenetic abnormality with clinical heterogeneity which arises typically de novo. The phenotypes of r(6) can be highly variable, ranging from almost normal to severe malformations and neurological defects. Up to now, only 33 cases have been reported in the literature. In this 10-year follow-up study, we report a case presenting distinctive facial features, severe developmental delay, and gray matter heterotopia with r(6) and terminal deletions of 6p25.3 (115426-384174, 268 kb) and 6q26-27 (168697778-170732033, 2.03 Mb) encompassing 2 and 15 candidate genes, respectively, which were detected using G-banding karyotyping, FISH, and chromosomal microarray analysis. We also analyzed the available information on the clinical features of the reported r(6) cases in order to provide more valuable information on genotype-phenotype correlations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of gray matter heterotopia manifested in a patient with r(6) in China, and the deletions of 6p and 6q in our case are the smallest with the precise size of euchromatic material loss currently known.
Collapse
|
5
|
Conti V, Carabalona A, Pallesi-Pocachard E, Leventer RJ, Schaller F, Parrini E, Deparis AA, Watrin F, Buhler E, Novara F, Lise S, Pagnamenta AT, Kini U, Taylor JC, Zuffardi O, Represa A, Keays DA, Guerrini R, Falace A, Cardoso C. A Novel Strategy Combining Array-CGH, Whole-exome Sequencing and In Utero Electroporation in Rodents to Identify Causative Genes for Brain Malformations. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 29286390 DOI: 10.3791/53570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Birth defects that involve the cerebral cortex - also known as malformations of cortical development (MCD) - are important causes of intellectual disability and account for 20-40% of drug-resistant epilepsy in childhood. High-resolution brain imaging has facilitated in vivo identification of a large group of MCD phenotypes. Despite the advances in brain imaging, genomic analysis and generation of animal models, a straightforward workflow to systematically prioritize candidate genes and to test functional effects of putative mutations is missing. To overcome this problem, an experimental strategy enabling the identification of novel causative genes for MCD was developed and validated. This strategy is based on identifying candidate genomic regions or genes via array-CGH or whole-exome sequencing and characterizing the effects of their inactivation or of overexpression of specific mutations in developing rodent brains via in utero electroporation. This approach led to the identification of the C6orf70 gene, encoding for a putative vesicular protein, to the pathogenesis of periventricular nodular heterotopia, a MCD caused by defective neuronal migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Richard J Leventer
- Royal Children's Hospital; Murdoch Children's Research Institute; University of Melbourne
| | - Fabienne Schaller
- INSERM INMED; Aix-Marseille University; Plateforme postgenomique INMED
| | | | | | | | - Emmanuelle Buhler
- INSERM INMED; Aix-Marseille University; Plateforme postgenomique INMED
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bello S, Rodríguez-Moreno A. [An updated review of 1p36 deletion (monosomy) syndrome]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 87:411-421. [PMID: 26875550 DOI: 10.1016/j.rchipe.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The Monosomy 1p36 deletion syndrome is part of the group of diseases known as Rare Diseases. The objective of the present work is to review the characteristics of Monosomy 1p36 deletion syndrome. The monosomy 1p36 deletion syndrome phenotype includes: dysmorphic craniofacial features; large anterior fontanelle, unibrow, deep-set eyes, epicanthus, wide nasal root/bridge, mandible hypoplasia, abnormal location of the pinna, philtrum and pointed chin; neurological alterations: seizures and hydrocephalus (in some cases). Cerebral malformations: ventricular hypertrophy, increased subarachnoid space, morphological alterations of corpus callosum, cortical atrophy, delays in myelinisation, periventricular leukomalacia and periventricular heterotopia. These alterations produce intellectual disability and delays in motor growth, communication skills, language, social and adaptive behaviour. It is Hearing and vision impairments are also observed in subjects with this syndrome, as well as alterations of cardiac, endocrine and urinary systems and alterations at skin and skeletal level. CONCLUSIONS Approximately 100 cases have been documented since 1981. This rare disease is the most common subtelomeric-micro-deletion syndrome. In situ hybridization with fluorescence (FISH) and array-comparative genomic hybridization (CGH-array) are at present the two best diagnostic techniques. There is currently no effective medical treatment for this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Bello
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Celular y Plasticidad, Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Celular y Plasticidad, Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shimada S, Shimojima K, Okamoto N, Sangu N, Hirasawa K, Matsuo M, Ikeuchi M, Shimakawa S, Shimizu K, Mizuno S, Kubota M, Adachi M, Saito Y, Tomiwa K, Haginoya K, Numabe H, Kako Y, Hayashi A, Sakamoto H, Hiraki Y, Minami K, Takemoto K, Watanabe K, Miura K, Chiyonobu T, Kumada T, Imai K, Maegaki Y, Nagata S, Kosaki K, Izumi T, Nagai T, Yamamoto T. Microarray analysis of 50 patients reveals the critical chromosomal regions responsible for 1p36 deletion syndrome-related complications. Brain Dev 2015; 37:515-26. [PMID: 25172301 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Monosomy 1p36 syndrome is the most commonly observed subtelomeric deletion syndrome. Patients with this syndrome typically have common clinical features, such as intellectual disability, epilepsy, and characteristic craniofacial features. METHOD In cooperation with academic societies, we analyzed the genomic copy number aberrations using chromosomal microarray testing. Finally, the genotype-phenotype correlation among them was examined. RESULTS We obtained clinical information of 86 patients who had been diagnosed with chromosomal deletions in the 1p36 region. Among them, blood samples were obtained from 50 patients (15 males and 35 females). The precise deletion regions were successfully genotyped. There were variable deletion patterns: pure terminal deletions in 38 patients (76%), including three cases of mosaicism; unbalanced translocations in seven (14%); and interstitial deletions in five (10%). Craniofacial/skeletal features, neurodevelopmental impairments, and cardiac anomalies were commonly observed in patients, with correlation to deletion sizes. CONCLUSION The genotype-phenotype correlation analysis narrowed the region responsible for distinctive craniofacial features and intellectual disability into 1.8-2.1 and 1.8-2.2 Mb region, respectively. Patients with deletions larger than 6.2 Mb showed no ambulation, indicating that severe neurodevelopmental prognosis may be modified by haploinsufficiencies of KCNAB2 and CHD5, located at 6.2 Mb away from the telomere. Although the genotype-phenotype correlation for the cardiac abnormalities is unclear, PRDM16, PRKCZ, and RERE may be related to this complication. Our study also revealed that female patients who acquired ambulatory ability were likely to be at risk for obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shino Shimada
- Tokyo Women's Medical University Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Shimojima
- Tokyo Women's Medical University Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okamoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi, Japan
| | - Noriko Sangu
- Tokyo Women's Medical University Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Hirasawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Matsuo
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayo Ikeuchi
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Neurology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Shimizu
- Division of Medical Genetics, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Seiji Mizuno
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Masaya Kubota
- Division of Neurology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masao Adachi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kakogawa Hospital Organization, Kakogawa West-City Hospital, Kakogawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Saito
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Tomiwa
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Center for Children, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Haginoya
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Takuto Rehabilitation Center for Children, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hironao Numabe
- Department of Genetic Counseling, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kako
- Department of Pediatrics, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ai Hayashi
- Department of Neonatology, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Haruko Sakamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoko Hiraki
- Hiroshima Municipal Center for Child Health and Development, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Koichi Minami
- Department of Pediatrics, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | | | - Kyoko Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Kokura Medical Center, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Kiyokuni Miura
- Developmental Disability Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Chiyonobu
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kumada
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga Medical Center for Children, Moriyama, Japan
| | - Katsumi Imai
- National Epilepsy Center, Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Maegaki
- Division of Child Neurology, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Satoru Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kosaki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Izumi
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Neurology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Toshiro Nagai
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamamoto
- Tokyo Women's Medical University Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Barkovich AJ, Dobyns WB, Guerrini R. Malformations of cortical development and epilepsy. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2015; 5:a022392. [PMID: 25934463 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a022392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Malformations of cortical development (MCDs) are an important cause of epilepsy and an extremely interesting group of disorders from the perspective of brain development and its perturbations. Many new MCDs have been described in recent years as a result of improvements in imaging, genetic testing, and understanding of the effects of mutations on the ability of their protein products to correctly function within the molecular pathways by which the brain functions. In this review, most of the major MCDs are reviewed from a clinical, embryological, and genetic perspective. The most recent literature regarding clinical diagnosis, mechanisms of development, and future paths of research are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A James Barkovich
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Neurology, Pediatrics, and Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0628
| | - William B Dobyns
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98101
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Capra V, Biancheri R, Morana G, Striano P, Novara F, Ferrero GB, Boeri L, Celle ME, Mancardi MM, Zuffardi O, Parrini E, Guerrini R. Periventricular nodular heterotopia in Smith-Magenis syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:3142-7. [PMID: 25257626 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) is caused by an interstitial microdeletion of chromosome 17p11.2. A few patients with the typical SMS phenotype have RAI1 gene mutations. The syndrome is characterized by minor craniofacial anomalies, short stature, sleep disturbances, behavioural and neurocognitive abnormalities, as well as variable multisystemic manifestations. Periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH) is a genetically heterogeneous neuronal migration disorder characterized by subependymal heterotopic nodules, and is variably associated with other brain malformations, epileptic seizures and intellectual disability. Here we report on two patients harboring deletions of the 17p11.2 region in whom the SMS typical phenotype was associated with bilateral PNH. Our observations expand the spectrum of chromosomal rearrangements associated with PNH and indicate that abnormal neuronal migration may contribute to the neurocognitive phenotype of SMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Capra
- Neurosurgery Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Õiglane-Shlik E, Puusepp S, Talvik I, Vaher U, Rein R, Tammur P, Reimand T, Teek R, Žilina O, Tomberg T, Õunap K. Monosomy 1p36 - a multifaceted and still enigmatic syndrome: four clinically diverse cases with shared white matter abnormalities. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2014; 18:338-46. [PMID: 24529875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Monosomy 1p36 is the most common subtelomeric deletion syndrome seen in humans. Uniform features of the syndrome include early developmental delay and consequent intellectual disability, muscular hypotonia, and characteristic dysmorphic facial features. The gene-rich nature of the chromosomal band, inconsistent deletion sizes and overlapping clinical features have complicated relevant genotype-phenotype correlations. We describe four patients with isolated chromosome 1p36 deletions. All patients shared white matter abnormalities, allowing us to narrow the critical region for white matter involvement to the deletion size of up to 2.5 Mb from the telomere. We hypothesise that there might be a gene(s) responsible for myelin development in the 1p36 subtelomeric region. Other significant clinical findings were progressive spastic paraparesis, epileptic encephalopathy, various skeletal anomalies, Prader-Willi-like phenotype, neoplastic changes - a haemangioma and a benign skin tumour, and in one case, sleep myoclonus, a clinical entity not previously described in association with 1p36 monosomy. Combined with prior studies, our results suggest that the clinical features seen in monosomy 1p36 have more complex causes than a classical contiguous gene deletion syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eve Õiglane-Shlik
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Children's Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Sanna Puusepp
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Inga Talvik
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Children's Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ulvi Vaher
- Children's Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Reet Rein
- Children's Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Pille Tammur
- Department of Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tiia Reimand
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Centre for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Rita Teek
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Olga Žilina
- Department of Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tiiu Tomberg
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Katrin Õunap
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Conti V, Carabalona A, Pallesi-Pocachard E, Parrini E, Leventer RJ, Buhler E, McGillivray G, Michel FJ, Striano P, Mei D, Watrin F, Lise S, Pagnamenta AT, Taylor JC, Kini U, Clayton-Smith J, Novara F, Zuffardi O, Dobyns WB, Scheffer IE, Robertson SP, Berkovic SF, Represa A, Keays DA, Cardoso C, Guerrini R. Periventricular heterotopia in 6q terminal deletion syndrome: role of the C6orf70 gene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 136:3378-94. [PMID: 24056535 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awt249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Periventricular nodular heterotopia is caused by defective neuronal migration that results in heterotopic neuronal nodules lining the lateral ventricles. Mutations in filamin A (FLNA) or ADP-ribosylation factor guanine nucleotide-exchange factor 2 (ARFGEF2) cause periventricular nodular heterotopia, but most patients with this malformation do not have a known aetiology. Using comparative genomic hybridization, we identified 12 patients with developmental brain abnormalities, variably combining periventricular nodular heterotopia, corpus callosum dysgenesis, colpocephaly, cerebellar hypoplasia and polymicrogyria, harbouring a common 1.2 Mb minimal critical deletion in 6q27. These anatomic features were mainly associated with epilepsy, ataxia and cognitive impairment. Using whole exome sequencing in 14 patients with isolated periventricular nodular heterotopia but no copy number variants, we identified one patient with periventricular nodular heterotopia, developmental delay and epilepsy and a de novo missense mutation in the chromosome 6 open reading frame 70 (C6orf70) gene, mapping in the minimal critical deleted region. Using immunohistochemistry and western blots, we demonstrated that in human cell lines, C6orf70 shows primarily a cytoplasmic vesicular puncta-like distribution and that the mutation affects its stability and subcellular distribution. We also performed in utero silencing of C6orf70 and of Phf10 and Dll1, the two additional genes mapping in the 6q27 minimal critical deleted region that are expressed in human and rodent brain. Silencing of C6orf70 in the developing rat neocortex produced periventricular nodular heterotopia that was rescued by concomitant expression of wild-type human C6orf70 protein. Silencing of the contiguous Phf10 or Dll1 genes only produced slightly delayed migration but not periventricular nodular heterotopia. The complex brain phenotype observed in the 6q terminal deletion syndrome likely results from the combined haploinsufficiency of contiguous genes mapping to a small 1.2 Mb region. Our data suggest that, of the genes within this minimal critical region, C6orf70 plays a major role in the control of neuronal migration and its haploinsufficiency or mutation causes periventricular nodular heterotopia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Conti
- 1 Paediatric Neurology and Neurogenetics Unit and Laboratories, A. Meyer Children's Hospital - Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology and Child Health, University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shiba N, Daza RAM, Shaffer LG, Barkovich AJ, Dobyns WB, Hevner RF. Neuropathology of brain and spinal malformations in a case of monosomy 1p36. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2013; 1:45. [PMID: 24252393 PMCID: PMC3893467 DOI: 10.1186/2051-5960-1-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Monosomy 1p36 is the most common subtelomeric chromosomal deletion linked to mental retardation and seizures. Neuroimaging studies suggest that monosomy 1p36 is associated with brain malformations including polymicrogyria and nodular heterotopia, but the histopathology of these lesions is unknown. Here we present postmortem neuropathological findings from a 10 year-old girl with monosomy 1p36, who died of respiratory complications. The findings included micrencephaly, periventricular nodular heterotopia in occipitotemporal lobes, cortical dysgenesis resembling polymicrogyria in dorsolateral frontal lobes, hippocampal malrotation, callosal hypoplasia, superiorly rotated cerebellum with small vermis, and lumbosacral hydromyelia. The abnormal cortex exhibited “festooned” (undulating) supragranular layers, but no significant fusion of the molecular layer. Deletion mapping demonstrated single copy loss of a contiguous 1p36 terminal region encompassing many important neurodevelopmental genes, among them four HES genes implicated in regulating neural stem cell differentiation, and TP73, a monoallelically expressed gene. Our results suggest that brain and spinal malformations in monosomy 1p36 may be more extensive than previously recognized, and may depend on the parental origin of deleted genes. More broadly, our results suggest that specific genetic disorders may cause distinct forms of cortical dysgenesis.
Collapse
|
13
|
Sheen VL. Periventricular Heterotopia: Shuttling of Proteins through Vesicles and Actin in Cortical Development and Disease. SCIENTIFICA 2012; 2012:480129. [PMID: 24278701 PMCID: PMC3820590 DOI: 10.6064/2012/480129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
During cortical development, proliferating neural progenitors exhibit polarized apical and basolateral membranes that are maintained by tightly controlled and membrane-specific vesicular trafficking pathways. Disruption of polarity through impaired delivery of proteins can alter cell fate decisions and consequent expansion of the progenitor pool, as well as impact the integrity of the neuroependymal lining. Loss of neuroependymal integrity disrupts radial glial scaffolding and alters initial neuronal migration from the ventricular zone. Vesicle trafficking is also required for maintenance of lipid and protein cycling within the leading and trailing edge of migratory neurons, as well as dendrites and synapses of mature neurons. Defects in this transport machinery disrupt neuronal identity, migration, and connectivity and give rise to a malformation of cortical development termed as periventricular heterotopia (PH). PH is characterized by a reduction in brain size, ectopic clusters of neurons localized along the lateral ventricle, and epilepsy and dyslexia. These anatomical anomalies correlate with developmental impairments in neural progenitor proliferation and specification, migration from loss of neuroependymal integrity and neuronal motility, and aberrant neuronal process extension. Genes causal for PH regulate vesicle-mediated endocytosis along an actin cytoskeletal network. This paper explores the role of these dynamic processes in cortical development and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Volney L. Sheen
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Barkovich AJ, Guerrini R, Kuzniecky RI, Jackson GD, Dobyns WB. A developmental and genetic classification for malformations of cortical development: update 2012. Brain 2012; 135:1348-69. [PMID: 22427329 PMCID: PMC3338922 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aws019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 649] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Malformations of cerebral cortical development include a wide range of developmental disorders that are common causes of neurodevelopmental delay and epilepsy. In addition, study of these disorders contributes greatly to the understanding of normal brain development and its perturbations. The rapid recent evolution of molecular biology, genetics and imaging has resulted in an explosive increase in our knowledge of cerebral cortex development and in the number and types of malformations of cortical development that have been reported. These advances continue to modify our perception of these malformations. This review addresses recent changes in our perception of these disorders and proposes a modified classification based upon updates in our knowledge of cerebral cortical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A James Barkovich
- Neuroradiology, University of California at San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94913-0628, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Descartes M, Mikhail FM, Franklin JC, McGrath TM, Bebin M. Monosomy1p36.3 and trisomy 19p13.3 in a child with periventricular nodular heterotopia. Pediatr Neurol 2011; 45:274-8. [PMID: 21907895 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Monosomy 1p36 is a clinically recognizable syndrome that is considered to be the most common terminal deletion syndrome. It has characteristic clinical features that include craniofacial dysmorphism, congenital anomalies, hearing deficits, developmental delay, mental retardation, hypotonia, seizures, and brain anomalies. Brain anomalies in patients with 1p36 deletion are frequent but inconsistent. To date, 2 cases with monosomy 1p36 associated with periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH) have been reported. We report a 2-month-old boy with multiple congenital anomalies; brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed PNH. The first 2 described cases were pure terminal deletions, whereas our patient carried unbalanced translocation due to an adjacent 1 segregation of a balanced maternal translocation, resulting in monosomy 1p36.3 and trisomy 19p13.3 identified by whole-genome array comparative genomic hybridization analysis. Our patient, with a smaller deletion that the 2 previously reported cases, can help narrow the critical region for PNH in association with the 1p36 deletion. Several potential candidate genes are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Descartes
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0024, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lo Vasco VR. Role of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C η2 in isolated and syndromic mental retardation. Eur Neurol 2011; 65:264-9. [PMID: 21474938 DOI: 10.1159/000327307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Deletions in the distal region of the short arm of chromosome 1 (1p36) are widely diffuse, both as somatic abnormalities in tumors and as constitutive in the congenital 1p36 deletion syndrome. The deletion size varies from 1.5 to 10 Mb, with common breakpoints located from 1p36.13 to 1p36.33. Patients bearing constitutional deletion of a smaller region, 1p36.3, present with a number of features, including mental retardation. The gene PLCH2, codifying for the phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) η2, maps on the 1p36.32 region. PI-PLC η2, expressed in the brain after birth, is a key enzyme in cellular calcium mobilization. In the brain, calcium plays a role in axon growth and retraction, growth cone guidance, synapse formation, and responses to various neurotransmitters. For its role in the nervous system, PI-PLC η2 might be a putative candidate gene for the neurodevelopmental delay observed in patients bearing 1p36.3 deletions.
Collapse
|
17
|
Srour M, Rioux MF, Varga C, Lortie A, Major P, Robitaille Y, Décarie JC, Michaud J, Carmant L. The clinical spectrum of nodular heterotopias in children: report of 31 patients. Epilepsia 2011; 52:728-37. [PMID: 21320118 DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2010.02975.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The phenotypic and etiologic spectrum in adults with nodular heterotopias (NHs) has been well characterized. However, there are no large pediatric case series. We, therefore, wanted to review the clinical features of NHs in our population. METHODS Hospital records of 31 patients with pathology or imaging-confirmed NHs were reviewed. Two-sided Fisher's exact t-test was used to assess associations between distribution of NHs and specific clinical features. KEY FINDINGS NHs were distributed as follows: 8 (26%) unilateral focal subependymal, 3 (10%) unilateral diffuse subependymal, 5 (16%) bilateral focal subependymal, 12 (39%) bilateral diffuse subependymal, and 3 (10%) isolated subcortical. The phenotypic spectrum in our population differs from that described in adults. Significant morbidity and mortality are associated with presentation in childhood. Twenty-two of 31 patients (71%) died in the neonatal period or in childhood. Additional cerebral malformations were found in 80% and systemic malformations in 74%. The majority of patients had developmental delay, intellectual deficit, and intractable epilepsy. Patients with unilateral focal NHs were more likely to have ventriculomegaly (p = 0.027), and those with bilateral diffuse NHs more likely to have cerebellar abnormalities (p = 0.007). Isolated subcortical NHs were associated with multiple malformations (p = 0.049) and cardiac abnormalities (p = 0.027). Underlying etiology was heterogeneous and determined in only six cases (19%): del chr 1p36, del chr 15q11, pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency, sialic acidosis type 1, Aicardi syndrome, and FLNA mutation. SIGNIFICANCE NHs are present in childhood as part of multiple cerebral and systemic malformations; developmental delay and refractory seizures are the rule rather than the exception. Milder forms go unrecognized until seizure onset in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Srour
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
O'Driscoll MC, Black GCM, Clayton-Smith J, Sherr EH, Dobyns WB. Identification of genomic loci contributing to agenesis of the corpus callosum. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 152A:2145-59. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
19
|
van Kogelenberg M, Ghedia S, McGillivray G, Bruno D, Leventer R, Macdermot K, Nelson J, Nagarajan L, Veltman JA, de Brouwer AP, McKinlay Gardner RJ, van Bokhoven H, Kirk EP, Robertson SP. Periventricular heterotopia in common microdeletion syndromes. Mol Syndromol 2010; 1:35-41. [PMID: 20648244 DOI: 10.1159/000274491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 11/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Periventricular heterotopia (PH) is a brain malformation characterised by heterotopic nodules of neurons lining the walls of the cerebral ventricles. Mutations in FLNA account for 20-24% of instances but a majority have no identifiable genetic aetiology. Often the co-occurrence of PH with a chromosomal anomaly is used to infer a new locus for a Mendelian form of PH. This study reports four PH patients with three different microdeletion syndromes, each characterised by high-resolution genomic microarray. In three patients the deletions at 1p36 and 22q11 are conventional in size, whilst a fourth child had a deletion at 7q11.23 that was larger in extent than is typically seen in Williams syndrome. Although some instances of PH associated with chromosomal deletions could be attributed to the unmasking of a recessive allele or be indicative of more prevalent subclinical migrational anomalies, the rarity of PH in these three microdeletion syndromes and the description of other non-recurrent chromosomal defects do suggest that PH may be a manifestation of multiple different forms of chromosomal imbalance. In many, but possibly not all, instances the co-occurrence of PH with a chromosomal deletion is not necessarily indicative of uncharacterised underlying monogenic loci for this particular neuronal migrational anomaly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M van Kogelenberg
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, Otago University, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bursztejn AC, Bronner M, Peudenier S, Grégoire MJ, Jonveaux P, Nemos C. Molecular characterization of a monosomy 1p36 presenting as an Aicardi syndrome phenocopy. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 149A:2493-500. [PMID: 19842196 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Monosomy 1p36 is the most frequent terminal deletion known in Humans. Typical craniofacial features, developmental delay/mental retardation, seizures and sensorineural defects characterize 1p36 deletion syndrome. Aicardi syndrome (AIS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by chorioretinal lacunae, corpus callosum agenesis and infantile spasms responsible for mental retardation. By screening DNA from diagnosed AIS patients with oligonucleotide array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), we report a 1p36 monosomy in this study. There were no other deletions or duplications. Regarding clinical criteria, the patient did not have the typical facial appearance commonly described for 1p36 monosomy patients. We showed that this 1p36 monosomy corresponded to combined interstitial and terminal de novo deletions of the chromosome 1 leading to an 11.73 Mb deletion confirmed with qPCR. By microsatellite markers and FISH analyses, we have concluded that this deletion occurred on maternal chromosome 1 during oogenesis. We did find some clinical features shared by the 1p36 monosomy and AIS: infantile spasms, corpus callosum dysgenesis, ophthalmological abnormalities, and skeletal malformations. To date, no relationship between these two phenotypes has been established. We conclude that the monosomy 1p36 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of AIS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Claire Bursztejn
- Laboratoire de génétique humaine, EA 4002, IFR111, Faculté de médecine de Nancy, Nancy-Universite, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Neuronal migration disorders. Neurobiol Dis 2009; 38:154-66. [PMID: 19245832 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2009.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2008] [Revised: 01/21/2009] [Accepted: 02/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lissencephaly-pachygyria-severe band heterotopia are diffuse neuronal migration disorders (NMDs) causing severe, global neurological impairment. Abnormalities of the LIS1, DCX, ARX, TUBA1A and RELN genes have been associated with these malformations. NMDs only affecting subsets of neurons, such as mild subcortical band heterotopia and periventricular heterotopia, cause neurological and cognitive impairment that vary from severe to mild deficits. They have been associated with abnormalities of the DCX, FLN1A, and ARFGEF2 genes. Polymicrogyria results from abnormal late cortical organization and is inconstantly associated with abnormal neuronal migration. Localized polymicrogyria has been associated with anatomo-specific deficits, including disorders of language and higher cognition. Polymicrogyria is genetically heterogeneous and only in a small minority of patients a definite genetic cause has been identified. Mutations of the GPR56 and SRPX2 genes have been related to isolated polymicrogyria. Focal migration abnormalities associated with abnormal cell types, such as focal cortical dysplasia, are highly epileptogenic and variably influence the functioning of the affected cortex. The functional consequences of abnormal neuronal migration are still poorly understood. Conservation of function in the malformed cortex, its atypical representation, and relocation outside the malformed area are all possible. Localization of function based on anatomic landmarks may not be reliable.
Collapse
|
22
|
Campeau PM, Ah Mew N, Cartier L, Mackay KL, Shaffer LG, Der Kaloustian VM, Thomas MA. Prenatal diagnosis of monosomy 1p36: A focus on brain abnormalities and a review of the literature. Am J Med Genet A 2008; 146A:3062-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
23
|
Saito S, Kawamura R, Kosho T, Shimizu T, Aoyama K, Koike K, Wada T, Matsumoto N, Kato M, Wakui K, Fukushima Y. Bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria, periventricular nodular heterotopia, and left ventricular noncompaction in a girl with 10.5-11.1 Mb terminal deletion of 1p36. Am J Med Genet A 2008; 146A:2891-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
24
|
Puvabanditsin S, Garrow E, Patel N, D'Elia A, Zaafran A, Phattraprayoon N, Davis SE. Choroid plexus hyperplasia and monosomy 1p36: report of new findings. J Child Neurol 2008; 23:922-5. [PMID: 18660475 DOI: 10.1177/0883073808314364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Monosomy 1p36 is a newly delineated multiple congenital anomalies/mental retardation syndrome characterized by mental retardation, growth delay, epilepsy, congenital heart defects, characteristic facial appearance, and precocious puberty. It is now considered to be one of the most common subtelomeric micro-deletion syndromes. This article reports new findings of choroid plexus hyperplasia and dextrocardia with situs solitus in a patient who had deletion of chromosome 1p26.33 with a brief review of the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surasak Puvabanditsin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sarkisian MR, Bartley CM, Rakic P. Trouble making the first move: interpreting arrested neuronal migration in the cerebral cortex. Trends Neurosci 2008; 31:54-61. [PMID: 18201775 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2007.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2007] [Revised: 11/30/2007] [Accepted: 11/30/2007] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Postmitotic cortical neurons that fail to initiate migration can remain near their site of origin and form persistent periventricular nodular heterotopia (PH). In human telencephalon, this malformation is most commonly associated with Filamin-A (FLNa) mutations. The lack of genetic animal models that reliably produce PH has delayed our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms. This review examines PH pathogenesis using a new mouse model. Although PH have not been observed in Flna-deficient mice generated thus far, the loss of MEKK4, a regulator of Flna, produces striking PH in mice and offers insight into the mechanisms involved in neuronal migration initiation. Elucidating the basic functions of FLNa and associated molecules is crucial for understanding the causes of PH and for developing prevention for at-risk patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Sarkisian
- Department of Neurobiology and Kavli Institute of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hevner RF. Layer-specific markers as probes for neuron type identity in human neocortex and malformations of cortical development. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2007; 66:101-9. [PMID: 17278994 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0b013e3180301c06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Malformations of cortical development (MCDs) are heterogeneous disorders caused by abnormalities of cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell migration, cortical organization, and axon pathfinding. In severe MCDs, the cerebral cortex can appear completely disorganized, or may be replaced by aberrant laminar patterns, as in "4-layered" types of lissencephaly and polymicrogyria. Little is known about the abnormal layers in MCDs and whether they bear any relation to normal cortical layers or how MCDs affect specific neuron types. Normally, each layer contains a defined mixture of different types of pyramidal and nonpyramidal neurons. The neuron types are distinguished by molecular expression as well as morphologic, neurochemical, and electrophysiologic criteria. Patterns of layer-specific mRNA and protein expression reflect the segregation of different neuron types into different layers (e.g. corticospinal projection neurons in layer V). Numerous layer-specific markers have been described in rodent cortex, and increasing numbers are being documented in human and monkey cortex. Applied to MCDs, layer-specific markers have the potential to reveal new insights on pathogenesis, treatment possibilities, and genotype-phenotype correlations. However, much work remains before layer-specific markers become practical tools in diagnostic neuropathology. Additional markers, more extensive documentation of normal expression, and better antibodies compatible with paraffin-embedded tissues will be necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Hevner
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
| |
Collapse
|